Abstract: A method for preparing a graphene/MnO2 porous material having a high infrared emissivity; the method adopts graphene and potassium permanganate as raw materials, and uses a simple ultrasonic dispersion method to uniformly disperse the graphene and the potassium permanganate in the water solution; subsequently, the graphene/MnO2 porous material can be obtained through the hydrothermal reaction; the present invention is simple and easy-operating, and the infrared emissivity of the porous material prepared according to the method of the present invention is 0.94-0.98 at a distance of 8-14 ?m, which is stable, eco-friendly, and can be widely applied to far-infrared products.

Abstract: Disclosed are highly luminescent nanostructures, particularly highly luminescent quantum dots, comprising a nanocrystal core of InP and shell layers of GaP and AlP. The nanostructures may have an additional shell layer. Also provided are methods of preparing the nanostructures, films comprising the nanostructure and devices comprising the nanostructures.

Abstract: A marker for illuminating an area of an aircraft, the marker including a photoluminescent material arranged to emit blue visible light in response to an excitation and wherein the photoluminescent material has an emission spectrum with a maximum peak intensity of from 450 nm to 510 nm and optionally substantially 490 nm. The photoluminescent material has a performance characteristic such that the emissivity is at least 0.3 mcd/m2 12 hours after cessation of charging at 25 lux for 45 mins optionally at least 30 mcd/m2 6 hours after cessation of charging. The photoluminescent material comprises at least a main pigment containing a Europium and Dysprosium doped strontium aluminate with the formula Sr4Al14O25:Eu,Dy and optionally one or more further phosphorescent pigments. A marker system is disclosed for illuminating areas of an aircraft, the system including a plurality of markers in accordance with the invention. Also disclosed is an aircraft including a passenger cabin; and a marker system as disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention provides a soil erosion prevention agent which is excellent in the freeze-thaw stability while maintaining the soil erosion prevention effect. A soil erosion prevention agent of the present invention comprises a water-borne resin emulsion; and a water-soluble polymer, wherein a content of the water-borne resin emulsion is 99 to 93 mass %, a content of the water-soluble polymer is 1 to 7 mass %, and the water-borne resin emulsion contains 0.01 to 0.10 parts by mass of a structural unit derived from a polyfunctional monomer with respect to 100 parts by mass of a structural unit derived from a main monomer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a polymerizable compound having a structural formula as represented by the following formula I: The polymerizable compound disclosed in the present invention has a plurality of ring systems, and the entire molecular structure thereof is curved and twisted. The present invention further discloses a liquid crystal medium comprising the polymerizable compound, the polymerizable compound provided by the present invention has an appropriate polymerization rate in the liquid crystal medium, and the liquid crystal medium can be well applied to a PS-(polymer stabilized)- or PSA-(polymer stabilized alignment)-type liquid crystal display device. Further disclosed is a liquid crystal display device prepared from the liquid crystal medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to new compositions comprising a photo-alignable material comprising or deriving from a monomer of formula (I) and an additive selected from the group consisting of acid generators, base generators, acids or bases.

Abstract: A flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant resin, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant resin can include reacting a vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecule to a resin. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules can also be bound to polymers. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived molecules.

Abstract: A flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linkers. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

Abstract: A flame-retardant vanillin-derived monomer, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains flame-retardant vanillin-derived monomer are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived monomer can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, or propylene carbonate substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived monomer, and then polymerizing the flame-retardant vanillin-derived monomer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived monomer. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

Abstract: A flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecule to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain the flame-retardant vanillin-derived small molecules. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

Abstract: A process for forming a flame retardant polymer, as well as the flame retardant polymer, are disclosed. A flame retardant polymer is a polymer that can be resistant to thermal degradation and/or thermal oxidation. A flame retardant polymer can be mixed or otherwise incorporated into a standard polymer to give flame retardancy to the standard polymer. The flame retardant polymers can include polycaprolactone functionalized with flame retardant substituents. The flame retardant substituents can include halides, substituted phosphoryl, and substituted phosphonyl.

Abstract: A flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, a process for forming a flame-retardant polymer, and an article of manufacture comprising a material that contains the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker are disclosed. The flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker can be synthesized from vanillin obtained from a bio-based source, and can have at least one phosphoryl or phosphonyl moiety with phenyl, allyl, epoxide, propylene carbonate, or thioether substituents. The process for forming the flame-retardant polymer can include reacting a diol vanillin derivative and a flame-retardant phosphorus-based molecule to form the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker, and binding the flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linker to a polymer. The material in the article of manufacture can be flame-retardant, and contain flame-retardant vanillin-derived cross-linkers. Examples of materials that can be in the article of manufacture can include resins, plastics, adhesives, polymers, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to recycling tires and the like utilizing a microwave service controlling the pressure from such a process enables a more even temperature and helps prevent the build-up of explosive gas.

Abstract: A method for producing a coke includes performing dry distillation of a mixture. The mixture includes: an ashless coal; an oxidized ashless coal obtained by an oxidation treatment of an ashless coal; and a raw petroleum coke. Relative to 100 parts by mass of a total of the ashless coal, the oxidized ashless coal and the raw petroleum coke, a content of the ashless coal is from 5 to 40 parts by mass, and a total content of the ashless coal and the oxidized ashless coal is from 30 to 70 parts by mass.

Abstract: The field of the invention is oil sands processing. A solvent treatment system and process for treating a bitumen-containing stream include contacting that stream with a solvent-containing stream to produce an in-line flow of solvent diluted material; supplying the solvent diluted material into a separation vessel with axi-symmetric phase and velocity distribution and/or particular mixing and conditioning features. The solvent addition, mixing and conditioning may be performed with particular CoV, Camp number, co-annular pipeline reactor, pipe wall contact of low viscosity fluid, flow diffusing and/or flow straightening. The processes enable improved performance of downstream unit operations such as separation of high diluted bitumen from solvent diluted tailings.

Abstract: Reactor vessel and a feed nozzle assembly for feeding a gas and a liquid into such reactor vessel. The feed nozzle assembly comprises an outer tube supplying a first liquid feed, such as oil, an inner tube supplying a dispersion gas, such as steam, a third tube supplying a second liquid feed, such as biomass, and a nozzle end. A catalytic cracking process wherein two or more hydrocarbon liquids are jointly dispersed into a dispersion gas and jetted via the same feed nozzle assembly into a catalytic cracking reactor.

Abstract: A method of producing reformed gas as part of a Fischer-Tropsch (“FT”) hydrocarbon synthesis is disclosed, including the steps of superheating at least a first portion of an FT tail gas produced as a by-product of an FT synthesis process, and forming a mixed gas by injecting at least a portion of an FT water stream, produced as a by-product of an FT synthesis process, into the superheated FT tail gas to form a mixed gas. The mixed gas is used as a feed to a front end of a syngas preparation unit. The amount of at least a portion of the FT water stream is selected to keep the mixed gas at least mostly and preferably entirely in a vapor phase. In some embodiments, a water-gas shift reactor converts the mixed gas to a converted mixed gas upstream of the front end. Other methods, apparatuses and systems are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent/fresh feed is 5-30:1.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a heat transfer tube including an inner surface and an outer surface. The heat transfer tube further includes a first mixing element and a second mixing element disposed on the inner surface of the tube and projecting inwardly toward a central longitudinal axis of the tube. Adjacent mixing elements are separated by a gap arc distance of about 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) or greater. The first helical row has an angle (?) from about 15 degrees to about 85 degrees relative to the central longitudinal axis of the tube. The tube has an inner diameter of about 1.85 inches (4.7 cm) or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of the extraction of sulphur-containing compounds such as the mercaptans, COS or H2S from a hydrocarbon-containing cut. This selective extraction is carried out by bringing the hydrocarbon-containing cut in liquid phase into contact with an alkaline solution, for example soda.

Abstract: The methods improve the separation of hydrocarbon containing fluids. More particularly, the disclosure is relevant to separating fluids having a gas phase, a hydrocarbon liquid phase, and an aqueous liquid phase using indirect heating. In general, the methods use a first three-phase gas separation stop followed by indirect heating and then a second three-phase gas separation step. Pressure reduction of the hydrocarbon containing fluid occurs either before or after the indirect heating.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of hydrotreating a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock using a hydrotreating catalyst having specific properties that make it effective in converting nitrogen, sulfur and micro-carbon residue of a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock. The catalyst comprises a calcined support particle impregnated with a Group 6 metal component (e.g., molybdenum), a nickel component, and a phosphorus component present at concentrations in the catalyst such that the atomic ratio of the Group 6 metal-to nickel metal are within a specified range. The nickel metal acid extractability property of the catalyst is at least 50 percent.

Abstract: A hydroprocessing catalyst or catalyst precursor has been developed. The catalyst is a unique transition metal tungsten oxy-hydroxide material. The hydroprocessing using the transition metal tungsten oxy-hydroxide material or the decomposition product thereof may include hydrodenitrification, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodemetallation, hydrodesilication, hydrodearomatization, hydroisomerization, hydrotreating, hydrofining, and hydrocracking.

Abstract: A method for producing hydrocarbon solvents having a sulfur content of less than 10 ppm, aromatic hydrocarbon content of less than 500 ppm, an initial boiling point higher than or equal to 300° C. and final boiling point lower than or equal to 500° C., for a fraction interval of a maximum of 100° C., and pour point lower than ?25° C. according to the standard ASTM D5950, comprising of the following steps of: dewaxing of a hydrocarbon fraction having initial boiling point higher than 300° C. derived from the distillation of a gas oil fraction, hydrodearomatisation of all or part of the dewaxed effluent, in the presence of a catalyst comprising nickel on an alumina base, at a pressure ranging from 60 to 200 bar and a temperature ranging from 80° C. to 250° C., recovery of the dewaxed and dearomatised fraction, distillation in fractions of the dewaxed and dearomatised fraction, recovery of at least one 300° C.+ fraction having pour point lower than ?25° C.

Abstract: A method for producing a synthesis gas from an organic material with a moisture content of less than 20%. A first step for carrying out the thermolysis of the organic material and a second, separate step for the gasification (ii) of the thermolysed organic material. The thermolysis step is carried out by increasing the temperature of the raw material up to an end temperature higher than 150° C. and lower than 1400° C.; —the thermolysis step (i) is carried out in a controlled gas atmosphere in which the quantity of oxygen supplied is less than 20% of the quantity of oxygen required for the stoichiometric combustion of the organic raw material; —the thermolysis gas obtained in the thermolysis step is conveyed to a purification step (iii) for removing undesirable elements.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a diesel additive. The diesel additive comprises 80-100 wt. % of a nonylphenol polyether amine and 0-20 wt. % of a diluent, based on the total weight of the diesel additive. The diesel additive provided by the present invention can be used to remove carbon deposits at the nozzle of a diesel engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oil-in-water emulsion comprising an oil phase and an aqueous phase, and a primary surfactant, wherein the oil phase is dispersed in the aqueous phase, and wherein the oil-in-water emulsion has: an average droplet size distribution (D[4,3]) in the range of from 3 to 15 ?m and less than 3 wt % of the droplets have a particle size of greater than 125 ?m; a viscosity of greater than 100 and up to 700 mPas at 50° C.±10% and 20 s?1±10%; and a static stability of less than 5% residue after centrifugation at 50° C.±10% and 2000 g=10% for 30 minutes±10%. A process for preparing such an oil-in-water emulsion comprises preparing an aqueous phase comprising a primary surfactant, heating a hydrocarbon-containing oil-phase, and blending the hydrocarbon-containing oil and the aqueous phase under conditions sufficient to form an oil-in-water emulsion. The invention also relates to methods for determining the static and dynamic stability of oil-in-water emulsions.

Abstract: A method for producing ash-free coal includes: pulverizing a coal in the presence of a protection solvent; heating an extraction solvent; mixing pulverized matter obtained after the pulverizing, with the extraction solvent obtained after the heating; separating a solution containing a coal component dissolved therein, from a slurry obtained after the mixing; and evaporatively separating the protection solvent and the extraction solvent from the solution obtained after the separating.

Abstract: A gasoline additive composition includes an oxygenate gasoline additive; and an optical brightener. The gasoline additive composition can be used in a gasoline blend.

Abstract: The invention relates to warming, heating, lighting devices, which represent a source of long-term stand-alone fire that can be utilized for using in fireplaces; in the field, in campings and in rest outside the city, in any touristic or other events. A slow-burning log is made of a solid-fuel material of a vegetable origin, the log having front, rear and side surfaces, through incisions, which are opened at the top of the side surface and which extend from the front surface to the rear one and, when penetrating into the log body, move apart at an angle with respect to each other and terminate in the log body.

Abstract: A polyalkylene glycol having an end-group of the general formula: in which each R2 independently represents a hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, or polyalkylene glycol group, and each R3 independently represents a hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, heteroaryl, benzyl, or polyalkylene glycol group; m is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; and n is 0, 1, 2 or 3. A lubricating oil composition comprising this polyalkylene glycol. A refrigerant composition comprising this polyalkylene glycol. A method of lubricating moving parts of an industrial or automotive system comprising applying a composition to the parts, wherein the composition comprises this polyalkylene glycol.

Abstract: Provided is a water-based lubricating coating agent for a metal material, capable of carrying out a chemical conversion treatment and a lubrication treatment at the same time, which makes it possible to achieve excellent lubricity even in plastic working, press molding, and the like, and at the same time, operability (e.g., process shortening, sludge reduction). The water-based lubricating coating agent having pH of 2.0 to 6.5 for a metal material is obtained by blending: at least one lubricating component other than black-based solid lubricants; and at least one chemical conversion component selected from the group consisting of a phosphoric acid compound, an oxalic acid compound, a molybdic acid compound, a zirconium compound, and a titanium compound, the concentration of the lubricating component is 5 mass % or more in mass ratio to the total solid content mass in the lubricating coating agent, and the concentration of the chemical conversion component is 0.

Abstract: A viscosity modifier for lubricating oils according to the present invention contains a resin (?), wherein the resin (?) satisfies specific requirements, and contains a grafted olefin polymer [R1] which is composed of a main chain and a side chain(s) and which satisfies the following requirements (i) and (ii). (i) The main chain is composed of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one ?-olefin selected from ?-olefins having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and contains the structural units derived from ethylene within the range of from 74 to 86 mol %. (ii) The side chain(s) is/are composed of a copolymer of ethylene and at least one ?-olefin selected from ?-olefins having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and contain(s) the structural units derived from ethylene within the range of from 30 to 65 mol %.

Abstract: The present invention provides a lubricating oil composition for an internal combustion engine, comprising: a lubricating base oil; an ashless friction modifier; and a boron-containing dispersant.

Abstract: [Object] The present invention provides an oil composition in which oxidation of oil is inhibited and a method of inhibiting oxidation of oil. [Solving Means] Provided is an oil composition containing oil, an ionic surfactant, and a polyhydric alcohol, in which a value L2-L1 calculated by the following method is positive.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the use of 1-isopropoxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl pivalate, in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or a mixture thereof, as perfuming ingredient to impart odor notes of the floral and fruity type.

Abstract: The present invention aims a new fragrance composition comprising a fragrance compound and a solvent or carrier, wherein at least 10% by weight based on the total weight of solvent and carrier of the fragrance composition is one or more specific low vapor pressure volatile organic compound (VOC). The new fragrance composition is particularly well adapted to air care devices like wicking or electrical systems (plug-in, reed diffusers . . . ).

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of perfumery and more particularly to the field of malodor counteractancy. In particular, it relates to the use of glycerol carbonate or glycerol carbonate derivatives to neutralize the odor from ammonia and primary or secondary amines. Perfuming compositions and perfuming consumer products comprising those malodour neutralizers are also objects of the invention.

Abstract: Compositions, such as laundry detergent compositions, that include detersive surfactant and C4-C10 alkyl branched alcohol.

Abstract: A composition that includes of detersive surfactant, external structurant or thickener, and C4-C10 alkyl branched alcohol.

Abstract: The invention includes ware detergent compositions which provides superior cleaning and removal of oily and fatty soils, without the production of excessive foam. According to the invention applicants have discovered that use of a quaternary cationic surfactant in combination with a nonionic low foaming surfactant can provide oily soil removal from ware that is superior to traditional warewash detergent formulations. Compositions for alkaline, preferably solid, warewash detergents are disclosed, as well as their use in dish machines and methods of manufacture.

Abstract: Phosphorus-free detergent compositions are provided. Detergent compositions including an aminocarboxylate, water conditioning agent, source of alkalinity and water beneficially do not require the use of additional surfactants and/or polymers to provide suitable detergency and prevent scale build-up on treated surfaces. The detergent compositions are used with a sanitizer to employ the phosphorus-free detergent compositions for use as low temperature ware wash detergents that beneficially reduce scale build-up. Methods of employing the phosphorus-free detergent compositions are also provided.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method for stabilizing both lipase and protease in liquid enzymatic laundry detergent, comprising steps of: first, self-assembling conjugated linoleic acid with protease and lipase, respectively, to form vesicles encapsulated protease and vesicles encapsulated lipase at a low Ca2+ concentration; then, mixing the solution of vesicles encapsulated protease and the solution of vesicles encapsulated lipase, and then partially cross-linking conjugated linoleic acid molecules on the vesicles' surface. The obtained enzyme vesicles, after being concentrated, can be used directly in liquid laundry detergent. The lipase in the liquid laundry detergent will not be degraded by protease, and the enzymes in vesicles are able to resist against surfactant inhibition. Thus, the enzyme activities can be maintained in the liquid laundry detergent, and the enzymatic vesicles will be broken to release enzymes, when the liquid laundry detergent is used at a higher Ca2+ concentration such as in tap water.

Abstract: A nonflammable aerosol cleaning composition is formulated with trans 1,2 dichloroethylene, 1,1,1,2,2,3,4,5,5,5 -decafluoropentane, 1,1,1,3,3 pentafluoropropane, HFC-134a, and carbon dioxide. The aerosol cleaning composition is formulated for heavy duty, high pressure, and high output cleaning applications for cleaning aviation parts, such as jet engines located about 10 feet away from a user.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a three-phase heavy-duty laundry detergent wipe, a system comprising a three-phase heavy-duty laundry detergent wipe and a moistening device for manufacturing same and a method for manufacturing a three-phase heavy-duty laundry detergent wipe, wherein a dispersion (3) is applied to carrier material (4) which is solid at ambient temperature, characterized by the following steps: (a) providing a liquid laundry detergent lotion (1) with exothermically saponified components and a water content of 10-30 weight %; (b) adding solid additives (2) to the liquid laundry detergent lotion (1) using a disperser such that the dispersion (3)is created with a solid content of 1-10 weight %; (c) applying the dispersion to the carrier material (4) with a moistening device (5) such that the carrier material (4) statistically fixes the dispersion (3); wherein steps (a)-(c) are performed at ambient temperature and wherein the ratio between the average particle size of the solid additives (2) and th

Abstract: The present invention relates to aqueous compositions of associative polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), optionally containing surfactants, biocidal agents and/or oxidants, which can provide a cleaning benefit and surface protection to treated articles including reduced soiling tendency, reduced cleaning effort and improved soil repellency, as well as providing bacteriostatic properties to treated surfaces that thereby gain resistance to water, environmental exposure and microbial challenge.

Abstract: A wipe article includes a substrate, a cationic coating disposed on a surface of the substrate, distributed throughout the substrate, or both. The cationic coating contains a guanidinyl-containing polymer that is crosslinked and bound to the substrate. The substrate includes sponge, nonwoven fabric, or woven fabric. The wipes are useful for removing microorganisms from a microorganism-contaminated surface and also for reducing re-contamination of the cleaned surface or transfer to another surface of the removed microorganisms.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method of preparing a blue-colored whiskey by mixing methylene blue, pure alcohol and distilled water. This process creates a staining solution and would allow the staining solution be aged in a cask prior to adding the whiskey into the cask. The stained cask colors the whiskey solution. This whiskey making method is designed to generate blue whiskey in which the color of the distillate is not directly altered. Further, this method provides a new way of presenting such beverages to potential customers in a pleasing way that could potentially enhance market share, and provides a new method to change beverages into new and unusual colors which may provide fun and additional marketing/branding opportunities.

Abstract: An extreme acceleration of the process of aging spirits to obtain aged liquors includes circulating the spirits through a cavitation zone within a controlled cavitation reactor and exposing the spirits therein to high energy cavitation induced shockwaves. Sources of flavor and color such as charred wood chips may be added to the spirits to provide the color and flavor of liquors aged for years in traditional charred oak barrels. The method and apparatus of the present invention obtains the same conversion of undesirable alcohols, flavor extraction, and color as years of aging in an oak barrel but does so in a matter of minutes or hours. The apparatus and method also can be used in conjunction with traditional aging techniques and methods and the total aging time is still reduced dramatically.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for aging spirits using a novel wooden medallion, where the method requires selecting a type of wood, washing the wood, roasting the wood, and contacting the wood with an ethyl or ethanol alcohol based liquid product.