Abstract: The invention relates to an esterification unit (150) and esterification process for producing crude methyl methacrylate (MMA) from methacrylamide (MAM), which enable particularly to improve the yield, meaning that the organics spent acids are low; and at the same time, providing crude MMA with rather good quality, meaning that MMA concentration in crude MMA is rather high and preferably from 50 wt % to 80 wt %. According to the invention, the esterification unit comprises esterification reactors (1, . . . , 5 (or 6) set up in a serial way so that there is a counter current flow between gaseous phase and liquid phase, the liquid phase flowing from first reactor (1) of the series to last reactor (5 (or 6)), and the gaseous phase flowing from reactor to first reactor (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a molded catalyst for use in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate, for manufacturing methyl methacrylate from a starting material of methyl ?-hydroxyisobutyrate by a vapor phase contact reaction, wherein the molded catalyst for use in the manufacture of methyl methacrylate is characterized in that the molded catalyst includes a synthetic faujasite type zeolite, a lamellar aluminum silicate compound, and a synthetic lamellar magnesium silicate compound, the weight ratio of the lamellar aluminum silicate compound and the synthetic lamellar magnesium silicate compound being 1:5 to 6:1.

Abstract: Ester polyol esters are a unique class of lubricants that have adjustable molecular weights, viscosities, and pour points based on the character of their reaction materials and relative ratios. There is provided a method for preparing at least one ester polyol ester, the method comprising esterifying an ester polyol reaction mixture to produce ester polyol, the reaction mixture comprising an ozone acid mixture and at least one primary polyol, wherein the ozone acid mixture comprises at least one dicarboxylic acid and at least one monocarboxylic acid; and capping the ester polyol with at least one capping carboxylic acid to produce ester polyol ester.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for producing diaryl carbonates from monophenols and phosgene or chloroformic acid aryl esters in the presence of at least one optionally substituted pyridine or the hydrochloride salt thereof as catalyst, and the recovery and reinjection thereof back into the method. The method is carried out at least partially in a liquid phase without the use of an additional solvent, the catalyst being separated by means of distillation and recovered.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for the synthesis of spiro[2.5]octane-5,7-dione and spiro[3.5]nonane-6,8-dione which are useful as intermediates in the manufacture of pharmaceutically active ingredients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to ?-asary-laldehyde ester. The chemical structure of the related ?-asary-laldehyde ester is of formula I.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a recycling method for producing dimethyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate derivatives. The process is unique in that it produces a by-product that can be re-used in the process as a raw material for repeating the process. For example, when the process is directed to synthesizing dimethyl carbonate, glycerol is used as a starting material. Glycerol is also a by-product produced during formation of dimethyl carbonate, and therefore it can be re-used as starting material to generate more dimethyl carbonate.

Abstract: There is disclosed an extraction process for recovering aminoalcohols and glycols from aqueous streams of taurine production. The aqueous streams which contain aminoalcohols and/or glycols are first mixed with a base to increase pH and then extracted with C3-C6 alcohols, ketones, and ethers. The aqueous streams are then returned to their respective cyclic process for the production of taurine.

Abstract: N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, methods of making N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines, and drilling fluids containing N-hydroxyalkylated polyamines are provided, in which the N-hydroxyalkylated polyamine includes Formula (I): where R1 and R2 are independently a —C or —CH group; R3 is an aliphatic hydrocarbyl; R4 and R5 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls, or R1, R2, R4, and R5 are covalently connected to form a cyclic hydrocarbyl; and R6, R7, R8, and R9 are independently acyclic hydrocarbyls or acyclic heterohydrocarbyls.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing compounds of the formula ABA by reacting a compound of the formula (A) with a compound of the formula (B) with X=—OR? or —NHR? and R?=H or a protecting group function and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are each independently selected from the group comprising hydrogen, (C1-C12)-alkyl, O—(C1-C12)-alkyl, (C6-C20)-aryl, O—(C6-C20)-aryl, where two of the R1 to R4 radicals may also be joined via a covalent bond, and halogen, which is characterized in that the reaction is conducted electrochemically.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of Levomilnacipran or salts thereof, compounds useful in the treatment of depression, with high yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for recycling 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid from 3-carba carbamoylmethyl moymethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid chiral resolving mother liquor. The method comprises the following steps: (a) distilling 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid chiral resolving mother liquor, adding aromatic hydrocarbon, heating to dissolve, keeping the temperature and stirring; (b) after completing the reaction in step (a), cooling the reaction solution to 30-60° C., then adding alkali liquor dropwise, keeping the temperature and reacting; and (c) after completing the reaction in step (b), cooling the reactant to 20-30° C., layering, adjusting the pH of the separated water layer to 1 to 2, performing extraction by using an organic solvent, distilling an organic phase under a reduced pressure, and crystallizing at 0±5° C. to obtain 3-carbamoylmethyl-5-methylhexanoic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for labeling compounds comprising thiol moieties with 3-arylpropiolonitrile compounds, to 3-arylpropiolonitrile compounds substituted with tag moieties and to specific 3-arylpropiolonitrile linkers.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (Ia) wherein R is a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl or —NR?R?, Q is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Y is C(O), O, NR?, S, S(O)2, C(O)2 (CH2)p Z is H or C1-C4 alkyl, R? is H, C(O), S(O)2, C(O)2, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted aryl, a C6-C12 substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl or a C1-C6 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, when substituted, aryl, heteroaryl and alkyl are substituted with halogen, C6-C12 heteroaryl, —NR?R? or COOZ, which have diagnostic and therapeutic properties, such as the treatment and management of prostate cancer and other diseases related to NAALADase inhibition. Radiolabels can be incorporated into the structure through a variety of prosthetic groups attached at the X amino acid side chain via a carbon or hetero atom linkage.

Abstract: An electrochemical treatment of differently protected aniline or napthylamine results in the preparation of unsymmetrical 2, 2?-diaminebiaryls provided with different protecting groups. The treatment involves the protecting groups prior to the C, C coupling step. The co-reactants generally have different oxidation potentials which results from the selection of the protecting groups. The treatment also enables controlled access to the individual amino functions of the 2, 2?-diaminobiaryls by subsequent selective deprotection.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing ajoene from allicin via a polymeric substrate, comprising the steps of heating allicin or an allicin solution at a predetermined temperature range such that at least a portion of the allicin is converted to ajoene to form an ajoene solution; and separating the ajoene from the ajoene solution; wherein at least one of the heating or separating steps is conducted via a polymeric substrate. The process for producing ajoene from allicin via a polymeric substrate further comprises a step of retaining the allicin or the allicin solution on the polymeric substrate before the heating step is conducted within or out of the polymeric substrate. The present invention also relates to ajoene or a composition comprising ajoene obtained by the process thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an efficient and environmentally friendly process for preparing (3RS)-3-[(2SR)-(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetyl)oxy]-1,1-dimethylpyrrolidinium bromide with high yield and purity suitable for industrial scale applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, compositions, and methods for brightening skin. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the present invention generally involve compounds produced by a Malassezia yeast, and chemical analogs thereof. In addition to skin brightening applications, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the present invention may be used to modulate melanocyte activity, induce melanocyte apoptosis, agonize an arylhydrocarbon receptor (AhR), improve hyperpigmentation caused by a hyperpigmentation disorder, and modulate melanin production, melanosome biogenesis, and melanosome transfer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a dopant for an organic optoelectronic device represented by Chemical Formula 1, and to an organic optoelectronic device and a display device comprising the dopant.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cationic lipid which can be used for nucleic acid delivery to a cytoplasm and which is possible to solve the problem of physical stability of a lipid complex. This cationic lipid is a compound represented by the general formula (3) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: wherein, L is an alkyl having 7-12 carbon atoms or an alkenyl having 7-12 carbon atoms, R is an alkyl having 1-2 carbon atoms, and n1 and n2 are independently an integer of 1-3.

Abstract: The instant application discloses methods of treating, reducing, or preventing pain in a mammal, which may include administering a compound capable of modulating a transient receptor potential channel. In one aspect, the TRP channel may be TRPC4. Types of pain contemplated by the present disclosure include acute, chronic, neuropathic, and nociceptive pain.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a compound for use in a composition applied to a blood vessel, wherein the compound softens and/or disrupts the crystalline matrix of calcified plaque. Methods of treatment comprising applying the disclosed composition are also disclosed. Plaque-softening compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of enzalutamide by conventional synthesis, which avoids utilization of microwave irradiation and noxious reagents. The present invention also relates to an improved process for preparation of 4-isothiocyanato-2-(trifluoromethyl) benzonitrile, which is an intermediate in the synthesis of Enzalutamide.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of the class of 2-phenylacetamides that modulate the physiological action of the proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9), and methods of using these modulators to reduce LDL-cholesterol levels and/or for the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), including treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Abstract: A synthesis for an azo intermediate, 5,5?-azobis(4-chloropyrimidine) is disclosed. 5,5?-azobis(4-chloropyrimidine) is a relatively stable azo compound in that decomposition does not occur until about 194° C. 5,5?-azobis(4-chloropyrimidine) is a product of oxidative dimerization of 5-amino-4-pyrimidine, which a water soluble compound. The azo intermediate is formed in an aqueous solution, but the azo intermediate is substantially insoluble in water; and as it forms it separates producing a reaction mixture that is a slurry. The azo intermediate is isolated by filtration. The azo intermediate is marginally soluble in acetone. The yield is at least 18%, and the oxidizing agent (bleach) is inexpensive, reaction conditions do not require extreme heat or cold, which taken together make the azo intermediate suitable for scaling up.

Abstract: Provided are pharmaceutical compositions and dosage forms of 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-((1R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide, or a pharmaceutically acceptable stereoisomer, tautomer, solid form, polymorph, salt, hydrate, clathrate, or solvate thereof. Also provided are methods of treating, managing, or preventing various disorders, such as diseases or disorders treatable or preventable by inhibition of a JNK pathway in mammals using such pharmaceutical compositions or dosage forms. Further provided are salts of 2-(tert-butylamino)-4-((1R,3R,4R)-3-hydroxy-4-methylcyclohexylamino)-pyrimidine-5-carboxamide and methods of preparation of such salts.

Abstract: Disclosed are novel compounds that are useful in regulating the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and/or vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and their use in the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases and related disease states, such as, for example, atherosclerosis, asthma, arthritis, cancer, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune disease(s). Also, disclosed are compositions comprising the novel compounds, as well as methods for their preparation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel method for producing polyisocyanurates comprising isocyanate groups, based on 2,4- and 2,6-toluylene diisocyanate (TDI) and to the use thereof in coating compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of formula I: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein X, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined herein. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods of using these compounds in the treatment of various diseases and disorders, processes for preparing these compounds and intermediates useful in these processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tizoxanide carbamate compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, a hydrate or a solvate thereof, and their pharmaceutical use.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein m, n, p, q, r, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y, Z, A, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5 R6, R7, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 and R13 are as defined herein. Also disclosed are methods of making the compounds and using the compounds for treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, muscular sclerosis and psoriasis.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), including their salts, as well as compositions and methods of using the compounds are set forth. The compounds have activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV) and are useful in treating those infected with HCV.

Abstract: Provided are: an aromatic sulfonium salt compound which exhibits low corrosion to a substrate and excellent photolithographic characteristics and is thus useful as a photoacid generator and as a cationic polymerization agent; and a photoacid generator, a resist composition, a cationic polymerization initiator and a cationically polymerizable agent composition, which include the aromatic sulfonium salt compound. The aromatic sulfonium salt compound is represented by the following Formula (I): (wherein, R1 to R10 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted, or the like; R11 to R15 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms which is optionally substituted, or the like; at least one of R11 to R15 is not a hydrogen atom; and X1? represents a monovalent organic sulfonate anion).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a group of compounds of formula (I) containing a chromene nucleus: and that present the capacity to inhibit the proliferation of lymphocytes mediated by the Nck interaction with TCR, so that the present invention also relates to the use of these compounds for the treatment of diseases or conditions where said interaction triggers a complication such as transplant rejection reactions, immune or autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases or proliferative diseases.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds, compositions and methods for treating of disorders that are affected by the modulation of the GPR40 receptor. Such compounds are represented by Formula (I) as follows: wherein R1, R2, R3, R5, R6, W, and A are defined herein.

Abstract: The present application relates to novel bicyclic compounds, to compositions comprising these compounds, to their use for controlling animal pests and to processes and intermediates for their preparation.

Abstract: The alpha-helix mimetic containing a triazine-piperazine scaffold is provided. The alpha-helix mimetic compound can mimic efficiently the alpha-helix structure of protein secondary structure and act as an inhibitor for the protein interaction being specific to various diseases mediated by alpha-helix. Therefore, the compound can be used as a biological probe and have a high potential of drug treating diseases.

Abstract: Novel compounds of the structural formula (I), and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, are agonists of G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) and may be useful in the treatment, prevention and suppression of diseases mediated by the G-protein-coupled receptor 40. The compounds of the present invention may be useful in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, and of conditions that are often associated with this disease, including obesity and lipid disorders, such as mixed or diabetic dyslipidemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, and hypertriglyceridemia.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula 1, including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof, wherein Q, Z, R2, R3 and m are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds of Formula 1 and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound or a composition of the invention.

Abstract: The present invention provide a compound having an orexin receptor antagonistic activity, which is expected to be useful as medicaments such as agents for the prophylaxis or treatment of sleep disorder, depression, anxiety disorder, panic disorder, schizophrenia, drug dependence, Alzheimer's disease and the like. The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention comprises compounds of Formula I and their use in the inhibition of cell proliferation in therapeutic treatments. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising at least one compound of Formula I and at least one pharmaceutical excipient are disclosed, as well as methods of using compounds of Formula I and pharmaceutical compositions thereof for treatment of hyper-proliferative diseases and other disorders.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a series of substituted compounds having the general formula (I), including their stereoisomers and/or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined herein. This invention also relates to methods of making these compounds including intermediates. The compounds of this invention are effective at the kappa (?) opioid receptor (KOR) site. Therefore, the compounds of this invention are useful as pharmaceutical agents, especially in the treatment and/or prevention of a variety of central nervous system disorders (CNS), including but not limited to acute and chronic pain, and associated disorders, particularly functioning peripherally at the CNS.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide an organic thin film transistor that has an organic semiconductor film manufactured by using a compound having excellent solubility to an organic solvent and that has excellent carrier mobility, a novel compound, an organic thin film transistor material, an organic semiconductor film, an organic thin film transistor composition, and a method of manufacturing an organic thin film transistor using this. The organic thin film transistor according to the present invention has an organic semiconductor film containing a compound represented by Formula (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides for compounds of formula (I). wherein Rx, Ry, Rx1, L1, G1, A1, A2, A3, and A4 have any of the values defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, that are useful as agents in the treatment of diseases and conditions, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, and AIDS. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprised of one or more compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: Provided herein, inter alia, are methods and compositions for inhibiting ?v?1 integrin and for treating fibrosis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are novel iodonium analogs having anticancer and anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: Certain tetrahydro-azepinoquinolines of structural formula I are agonists of the mammalian 5-HT2c receptor, and, in particular, are selective agonists of the mammalian 5-HT2c receptor. The compounds of the present invention are therefore useful for the treatment, control, or prevention of diseases, conditions, or disorders responsive to stimulation of the 5-HT2c receptor, such as obesity, obesity-related conditions, and certain CNS-related disorders, including schizophrenia and depression. They are also useful as aids for tobacco smoking cessation.

Abstract: There are provided an alkali metal salt of 5-hydroxy-4-oxo-5-(2-oxopropyl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-2,7,9-tricarboxylic acid, a method for producing the alkali metal salt, and a cocrystal comprising the alkali metal salt.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, and the agrochemically acceptable salts, stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers and N-oxides of those compounds, can be used as insecticides and can be prepared in a manner known per se.

Abstract: The specification relates to compounds of Formula (I): and to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to processes and intermediates used for their preparation, to pharmaceutical compositions containing them and to their use in the treatment of cell proliferative disorders.