Abstract: The present invention generally relates to porous ceramic material and to methods of making and using the material. More particularly, the invention relates to methods of forming ceramic materials by depositing material, using atomic layer deposition, onto a sacrificial substrate and to ceramic materials having controlled wall thickness, relatively large pores, and high surface area by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of surface marking a mechanical part with a predefined graphical representation, the method comprising using a laser source to apply a single laser pulse to an outside surface of a part for marking, with a mask being interposed between the laser source and the outside surface of the part, the mask having a predefined graphical representation, and the laser pulse having power flux density of at least 20 MW/cm2 and a duration less than or equal to 100 ns.

Abstract: A method for enhancing or reducing photosynthetic activity, wherein non-toxic pigmented matter is applied to a photosynthetic organism. Depending on the composition of the pigmented matter, the method will have the effect of enhancing, reducing, or inhibiting photosynthetic activity.

Abstract: Methods and systems for building three-dimensional workpieces are described using a plurality of mechanosynthetic reactions. These methods may employ engineered reliability in reactions and process conditions and may use simulated or otherwise vetted reaction sequences, to allow workpieces requiring many reactions to be built with acceptable reliability. These many reactions may be the repetition of one or a small number of reactions, or many diverse reactions, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for purifying an organic compound, comprising the steps of (i) providing a crystalline sample of organic compound having a first impurity level, (ii) adding a catalyst to the sample, (iii) heating a portion of the sample to a temperature at or above melting point of the organic compound so as to create a molten zone of the sample, (iv) moving application of heat down the length of the sample, such that the molten zone is moved along the length of the sample, (v) collecting molten material at an end of the sample, (vi) optionally grinding the sample back to a powder, (vii) repeating steps (i)-(iv) at least two more times, and (viii) obtaining a purified sample having a second impurity level, which is lower than the first impurity level, wherein the organic compound is a nutraceutical selected from the group consisting of vinpocetine, huperzine, astragalosides, HEPPS buffer, curcumin, piperine, uridine, capsaicin and kinetin.

Abstract: Ethylene is produced from ethanol in a one-step process by reacting ethanol with hydrogen chloride over a catalyst composed of silica alumina catalyst in intimate admixture with activated charcoal.

Abstract: Embodiments of an invention disclosed herein relate to particles made from zeolite catalysts and their use in oligomerization processes. In particular, shaped particles (for example, spheroid particles) are made from compositions including the contact product of at least one zeolite catalyst and at least one binder.

Abstract: In a process for producing one or more 3,3?-, 3,4?- and 4,4?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers, a feed comprising toluene is contacted with hydrogen in the presence of a hydroalkylation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a hydroalkylation reaction product comprising (methylcyclohexyl)toluenes. At least part of the hydroalkylation reaction product is dehydrogenated in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst under conditions effective to produce a dehydrogenation reaction product comprising a mixture of dimethyl biphenyl isomers. The dehydrogenation reaction product is then separated into at least a first stream containing one or more 3,3?-, 3,4?- and 4,4?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers and at least one second stream comprising one or more 2,X?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers (where X is 2, 3, or 4). The 3,3?-, 3,4?- and 4,4?-dimethyl biphenyl isomers are then separated utilizing selective adsorption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process to convert crude oil into petrochemical products comprising crude oil distillation, aromatic ring opening, and olefins synthesis, which process comprises subjecting a hydrocarbon feed to aromatic ring opening to produce LPG and subjecting the LPG produced in the integrated process to olefins synthesis. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a process installation to convert crude oil into petrochemical products comprising a crude distillation unit comprising an inlet for crude oil and at least one outlet for kerosene and/or gasoil; an aromatic ring opening unit comprising an inlet for a hydrocarbon feed to aromatic ring opening and an outlet for LPG; and a unit for the olefins synthesis comprising an inlet for LPG produced by the integrated petrochemical process installation and an outlet for olefins.

Abstract: Fluidizable catalysts for the gas phase oxygen-free oxidative cracking of alkanes, such as hexane, to one or more olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene. The catalysts comprise 1-15% by weight per total catalyst weight of one or more vanadium oxides (VOx), such as V2O5. The catalysts are disposed on an alumina support that is modified with cerium to influence catalyst acidity and characteristics of lattice oxygen at the catalyst surface. Various methods of preparing and characterizing the catalyst as well as methods for the gas phase oxygen free oxidative cracking of alkanes, such as hexane, to one or more olefins, such as ethylene, propylene, and/or butylene with improved alkane conversion and olefins product selectivity are also disclosed.

Abstract: Methods of producing a 2,4-dienal acetal compound and a 2,4-dienal compound useful as synthesis intermediates of a sex pheromone compound having a conjugated diene structure or a conjugated triene structure. More specifically, a method produces a 2,4-dienal acetal compound of Formula (2): R1CH?CH—CH?CH—CH(OR2)(OR3), including a step of subjecting a 2-enal acetal compound having a leaving group X at position C5 and being expressed by Formula (1): R1CHX—CH2—CH?CH—CH(OR2)(OR3) to an elimination reaction in the presence of a base to obtain the 2,4-dienal acetal compound (2); and a method for producing a 2,4-dienal compound of Formula (3): R1CH?CH—CH?CH—CHO, further including a step of deprotecting the 2,4-dienal acetal compound (2) to obtain the 2,4-dienal compound (3).

Abstract: In a process for producing styrene, benzene is alkylated with ethylene to produce ethylbenzene and at least some of the ethylbenzene is dehydrogenated to produce styrene, together with benzene and toluene as by-products. At least part of the benzene by-product is passed through a bed of an adsorbent comprising at least one of an acidic clay, alumina, an acidic ion exchange resin and an acidic molecular sieve to remove basic nitrogenous impurities therefrom and produce a purified benzene by-product, which is then recycled to the alkylation step.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for chlorination and dehydrogenation of ethane, comprising: mixing and reacting a low-melting-point metal chloride with C2H6, such that the low-melting-point metal chloride is reduced to a liquid-state low-melting-point metal, and the C2H6 is chlorinated and dehydrogenized to give a mixed gas containing HCl, C2H6, C2H4, C2H2 and C2H3Cl. In the method, the low-melting-point metal chloride is used as a raw material for chlorination and dehydrogenation, and the low-melting-point metal produced after the reaction is used as an intermediate medium. The method has the characteristics of simple process, low cost and high yield. Moreover, some acetylene and vinyl chloride can be produced as by-products at the same time when the ethylene is produced, by controlling the ratio of ethane to the chloride as desired in production.

Abstract: A oxygen transfer agent useful for the oxidative dehydrogenation of saturated hydrocarbons includes at least one mixed oxide derived from manganese or compounds thereof, as well as a promoter, such as tungsten and/or phosphorus. The oxygen transfer agent may also include an alkali metal or compounds thereof, boron or compounds thereof, an oxide of an alkaline earth metal, and an oxide containing one or more of one or more of manganese, lithium, boron, and magnesium. A reactor is at least partially filled with the oxygen transfer agent in the form of a fixed or circulating bed and provides an unsaturated hydrocarbon product, such as ethylene and/or propylene. The oxygen transfer agent may be regenerated using oxygen.

Abstract: A process for inhibiting the polymerization of cyclopentadiene compounds (B) by contacting the cyclopentadiene compound with a quinone methide compound (A) of structure (I), Compositions (AB) comprising (A) and (B) are also provided.

Abstract: Ethylene glycol is prepared from a carbohydrate source by reaction of the carbohydrate source with hydrogen in a continuous process, wherein hydrogen, the carbohydrate source and a liquid diluent are continuously fed into a continuous stirred tank reactor wherein a catalyst system is present, which catalyst system comprises a tungsten compound and at least one hydrogenolysis metal selected from the groups 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, to achieve the reaction between the carbohydrate source and hydrogen to ethylene glycol; wherein continuously a product mixture comprising ethylene glycol and diluent is removed from the continuous stirred tank reactor; and wherein continuously or periodically further at least a tungsten compound is added to the continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing mannitol which includes performing the hydrogenation of fructose in the presence of a Cu-based nanocomposite catalyst, for example, a nanocomposite catalyst of CuO(x)/SiO2(100-x) (wherein x is a real number from 20 to 90), using butanol as a solvent.

Abstract: A process is described for making a biobased propylene glycol product at least in part from a carbohydrate-derived feed, wherein a feed comprised of a lactic acid ester is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, in a nonaqueous solvent in which lactide may be essentially wholly solubilized at the conditions under which the reaction is carried out, so that lactide does not precipitate out to an extent whereby plugging of the reactor or fouling of the hydrogenation catalyst is observed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the synthesis of 9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene. The syntheses from fluorene to 9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene via a hydroxymethylation and further to 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene via a etherification are known. 9,9-bis(methoxymethyl)fluorene is a compound that is used as an electron donor for Ziegler-Natta catalysts. The present invention is related to an improvement in the synthesis of 9,9-bis(hydroxymethyl)fluorene leading to a decrease in the amount of solvent used and an easier work up while achieving high yield and purity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel catalyst for producing a methanol precursor. The use of the catalyst enables the production of a methanol precursor and methanol with high efficiency under low temperature and low pressure conditions. Also disclosed are a methanol precursor produced using the catalyst and methanol produced using the methanol precursor.

Abstract: Provided are industrial and economical methods for producing 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate (3), which is, for example, a sex pheromone component of Comstock mealybug, and 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol (2), which is an intermediate of the acetate (3). More specifically, provided are a method for producing 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol comprising a step of subjecting 2-methyl-3-buten-2-yl 2-methyl-2-propenyl ether (1) to a rearrangement reaction in the presence of a base to obtain 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol (2), and a method for producing 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate comprising a step of acetylating the produced 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-ol (2) to obtain 2,6-dimethyl-1,5-heptadien-3-yl acetate (3).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of ospemifene and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof which comprises the step of recycling the undesired E-4-(4-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenol to generate an isomeric mixture of Z,E-4-(4-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylbut-1-enyl)phenol.

Abstract: Provided are a 1-halo-6,9-pentadecadiene useful as an intermediate having a skipped diene skeleton and a method for producing (7Z,10Z)-7,10-hexadecadienal. More specifically, provided are a method for producing (7Z,10Z)-7,10-hexadecadienal including steps of subjecting a Grignard reagent formed from a (6Z,9Z)-1-halo-6,9-pentadecadiene to a nucleophilic substitution reaction with an orthoformate ester to obtain a (7Z,10Z)-1,1-dialkoxy-7,10-hexadecadiene; and hydrolyzing the (7Z,10Z)-1,1-dialkoxy-7,10-hexadecadiene in the absence of an oxidation reaction to obtain the (7Z,10Z)-7,10-hexadecadienal; and the like.

Abstract: One-step cyanide-catalyzed benzoin condensations for synthesizing shape persistent cyclobenzoin macrocycles. Selected dialdehydes, and cyanide salts are reacted in aqueous solvents to form such cyclobenzoin macrocycles.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for producing ?,?-unsaturated ketones from the condensation of methyl ketones in the presence of an amine catalyst. Such amine catalysts may be supported, for example, on a silica-alumina support. Such amine catalysts may be used in the presence of an additional acid. The ?,?-unsaturated ketones may be produced by dimerization and/or timerization of the methyl ketones. Such ?,?-unsaturated ketones may be suitable for use in producing fuels, gasoline additives, and/or lubricants, or precursors thereof. The methyl ketones may be obtained from renewable sources, such as by the fermentation of biomass.

Abstract: A method of producing thymoquinone and/or thymohydroquinone in Monarda by growing Monarda with elevated levels of carvacrol and/or thymol in the fresh plant tissue and vigorous growth, harvesting the Monarda, leaving the Monarda to senesce in the presence of oxygen and extracting the thymoquinone and/or thymohydroquinone from the senesced tissue.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula I R1 is —(CHR4)m—(CHR5)n—(CHR6)o—CHO, with R4, R5, R6 being independently selected from H or Me, and with m, n, o being independently selected from 0 and 1; R2 is H or Me; and R3 is a C3-C6 branched, linear or cyclic alkenyl residue. Said compounds are useful as perfume ingredients in personal care and household care products.

Abstract: A catalytic process for preparing an ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt from an alkene, carbon dioxide and an alkoxide having a secondary or tertiary carbon atom directly bound to a [O?] group is described. The alcohol byproduct is distilled off after an intermediate phase separation. This provides pure ?,?-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt at minimum effort.

Abstract: This disclosure describes a new route to acrylate esters via direct catalytic partial oxidation of allyl ether using heterogeneous manganese oxide catalysts. The method involves forming allyl acrylate by contacting allyl ether, where the allyl ether is in solution with a solvent, with one or more oxidants in the presence of a mesoporous manganese oxide (MnOx) catalyst. Oxygen or peroxide can be used as the oxidant. The yield of and selectivity for acrylate ester can be very high, and process efficiency is improved over current processes.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to processes for converting acrylate esters or a derivative thereof to difluoropropionic acid or a derivative thereof. This process is generally performed using fluorine gas in a hydrofluorocarbon solvent. In particular, a continuous process for fluorinating a double bond is disclosed, the process comprising forming a reaction stream comprising a compound of formula 1 or formula 5 dissolved in a hydrofluorocarbon or fluorocarbon solvent, wherein R1 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, or —OC(O)CH?CH2; the reaction stream flowing through a continuous fluorination reactor at a flow rate of from about 0.2 mL/minute to about 2 mL/minute and fluorine gas flows through the continuous fluorination reactor at a gas flow rate of from about 0.2 mmol/minute to about 2 mmol/minute; whereby reaction of the compound of formula 1 or formula 5 with the fluorine gas forms a compound of formula 2 or formula 6 wherein R2 is hydroxy, alkoxy, chloro, or —OC(O)CHFCH2F.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to adamantane-intercalated layered double-hydroxide (LDH) particles and the methods of producing adamantane-intercalated LDH particles. The method comprises adding to an aqueous solution a first precursor and a second precursor to form an initial mixture, where the first precursor is Al(OH)3 or Al2O3, the second precursor is a hydroxide M(OH)2 or an oxide MO, where M is a metal of oxidation state +2; and the initial mixture has a M/Al molar ratio of from 1 to 5. The method also comprises adding to the initial mixture an amount of adamantane to form a reaction mixture having an Al/adamantane molar ratio of from 0.5 to 2; and heating the reaction mixture to produce adamantane-intercalated LDH particles, where the adamantane-intercalated LDH particles have aspect ratios greater than 100.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing polyols. In particular, the present invention relates to the preparation, in a single step, of polyols by a process involving a hydrohydroxymethylation reaction starting from a composition A comprising one or more compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: This invention relates to a compound for an organic electroluminescent device and to an organic electroluminescent device including the same. This compound for an organic electroluminescent device has high thermal stability, high triplet energy and high hole transport capability, and the organic electroluminescent device including the same is improved in thermal stability and light emission efficiency. When this compound is used as a hole transport layer material, a triplet exciton of a phosphorescent light emitting material is confined, thus improving efficiency of the organic electroluminescent device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing N-alkyl(meth)acrylamides by reacting (meth)acrylic anhydride with corresponding alkylamines.

Abstract: The invention provides an antibacterial compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, as well as an antibacterial compound of formula (II) or a salt thereof, wherein R1, R2, X, Y and n have any of the values defined in the specification.

Abstract: A method for producing derivatives of N-retinoylaminoalkane sulfonic acid, the method comprising providing retinoic acid, chloroformate, aminoalkanesulfonic acid selected from the group consisting of cysteic acid and alkyl ester thereof, cysteinesulfinic acid and alkyl ester thereof, homocysteic acid and alkyl ester thereof, homocysteinesulfinic acid and alkyl esters thereof, taurine and derivatives thereof, and an organic solvent, and a base, mixing said components under substantial absence of oxidizing compounds thereby forming a reaction mixture comprising a liquid phase, wherein the liquid phase is one phase and the derivatives of N-retinoylaminoalkane sulfonic acid are formed in said liquid phase.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to the field of fusion proteins. In some aspects, the invention relates to artificial fusion proteins comprising cytochrome P450 enzymes linked to reductase enzymes and uses thereof. In some aspects, the disclosure relates to compounds produced by artificial cytochrome P450 enzymes.

Abstract: Provided is novel amorphous form of lomitapide mesylate salt and process for preparation thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to Benzomorphan Analog compounds of the Formula I?, Formula IA?, Formula IB?, Formula IC?, or Formula ID? as shown below; and related Formula I?, Formula IA?, Formula IB?, Formula IC?, or Formula ID?; Formula I, Formula IA, Formula IB, Formula IC, or Formula ID; wherein R1, R2a, R2b, R3 and R4 are as defined herein. Compounds of the Invention are useful for treating pain, constipation, and other conditions modulated by activity of opioid and ORL-1 receptors.

Abstract: Compositions that modulate the activity of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) activity as well as their methods of use, such as treatment and imaging are provided. Compositions contain small molecules such as substituted pyrazoles and are useful in treatment of diseases related to the activity of STAT3 including, for example, cancer and other diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for purifying an ionic liquid comprising dialkylimidazolium ions by means of stripping, wherein water vapor is used at a particular temperature. The process according to the invention is characterized in that the decomposition of the ionic liquid is minimized during the procedure of the process.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of Formula Ia and pharmaceutical compositions thereof that modulate the activity of the PGI2 receptor.

Abstract: In certain aspects, the invention provides crystalline forms of olaparib (4-[(3-[(4-cyclopropylcarbonyl)piperazin-4-yl]carbonyl)-4-fluorophenyl]methyl(2H)phthalazin-1-one). In related aspects, the invention provides processes for preparing the crystalline forms of olaparib. The processes include: forming a solution comprising crude olaparib and an organic solvent; adding an anti-solvent to the solution to form a slurry comprising a precipitate; isolating the precipitate; and drying the precipitate to obtain a crystalline form I of olaparib or a crystalline form II of olaparib.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds of generic formula I: or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof that are believed to be useful as an A2A-receptor antagonist.

Abstract: Provided, in part, is a composition comprising one or more chemical entities of formula I, each of which is a compound of formula I: a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a solvate thereof, or a solvate of a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, the composition characterized in that greater than a first threshold amount of the total amount of chemical entities of formula I in the composition: are chemical entities of formula I.a, wherein the first threshold amount is 50%; or are chemical entities of formula I.b.1, wherein the first threshold amount is 25%; or are chemical entities of formula I.b.2, wherein the first threshold amount is 25%, wherein the chemical entities of formula I.a, I.b.1, and I.b.2, are described herein, and methods of using such compositions, for example, for the delivery of a polynucleotide in vivo.

Abstract: Substituted 1,2,3-triazole compounds are disclosed which have utility in the treatment of a variety of neurological disorders. The compounds provided herein have the general structure: wherein R1, R2, R3 and n are as defined herein, including stereoisomers, esters, solvates and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. Also disclosed are compositions containing a compound provided herein in combination with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, as well as methods relating to the use thereof for treating neurological disorders in a subject in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes for the preparation of ataluren. Intermediates for preparing ataluren are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are analogues of 2-methyl-3-(2-ethynylthiazol-4-yl)cyclopent-2-enol and the corresponding ketone 3-(2-ethynylthiazol-4-yl)-2-methylcyclopent-2-enone, the analogues having terminal alkyne groups at the 2-position of the thiazole ring. These drug-like molecules, referred to as CETZOLE compounds, are useful to treat non-small cell lung cancer and other forms of cancer. Methods of making and using the compounds, methods of treating various diseases, pharmaceutical compositions, and kits are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of producing hemicellulose and conversion products thereof from a biomass. Also provided are hemicellulose products and other conversion products thereof.

Abstract: Furfural is produced from biomass material containing pentosan, in high yields, in a production process comprising treating the biomass with a solution containing at least one ?-hydroxysulfonic acid thereby hydrolyzing the biomass to produce a product stream containing at least one C5-carbohydrate compound in monomeric and/or oligomeric form, and dehydrating the C5-carbohydrate compound in the presence of a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst, in a biphasic reaction medium comprising an aqueous phase and a water-immiscible organic phase, at a temperature in the range of from about 100° C. to about 250° C. to produce a dehydration product stream containing furfural. An aqueous stream is separated from the dehydration product, which can be optionally recycled to the hydrolysis step.