Abstract: A system and method are provided for fabricating 3D structures from biomaterial. The system includes a printer assembly having a dual-arm assembly including an upper arm, and a lower arm connected by an elbow joint to the upper arm. A disposable barrier encloses a printing surface from an external environment and from components of the printer assembly. The upper arm and lower arm are inserted into an inlet of the barrier, so as to be isolated from the print surface. The lower arm is provided with an extruding system, and the extruding system includes an actuator-driven syringe configured to deposit biomaterial on the print surface. The biomaterial is deposited on the print surface to carry out 3D fabrication in an aseptic environment.

Abstract: Techniques for flexible, on-site additive manufacturing of components or portions thereof for transport structures are disclosed. An automated assembly system for a transport structure may include a plurality of automated constructors to assemble the transport structure. In one aspect, the assembly system may span the full vertically integrated production process, from powder production to recycling. At least some of the automated constructors are able to move in an automated fashion between the station under the guidance of a control system. A first of the automated constructors may include a 3-D printer to print at least a portion of a component and to transfer the component to a second one of the automated constructors for installation during the assembly of the transport structure. The automated constructors may also be adapted to perform a variety of different tasks utilizing sensors for enabling machine-learning.

Abstract: In three-dimensional laminating and shaping, a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object having a corner portion is accurately shaped. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a material supplier that supplies a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table, a light beam irradiator that performs irradiation of a light beam, a controller that controls a scanning direction and scanning speed of the light beam, a shaping model acquirer that acquires a shaping model of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object, a shaping route decider that decides shaping routes based on the acquired shaping model, an extractor that extracts, from the decided shaping routes, a start point and end point of the shaping routes and a relay point at which a direction of the shaping route changes, and an additional route decider that decides additional routes for at least one of the extracted start point, end point, and relay point.

Abstract: According to one aspect there is provided apparatus for generating a three-dimensional object. The apparatus comprises a first agent distributor to selectively deliver a coalescing agent onto portions of a layer of build material, a second agent distributor to selectively deliver a coalescence modifier agent onto portions of a layer of build material, and a controller to control the agent distributors to selectively deliver each of the agents onto a layer of build material in respective patterns derived from data representing a slice of a three-dimensional object to be generated, so that when energy is applied to the layer the build material coalesces and solidifies to form a slice of the three-dimensional object in accordance the patterns.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing method for a three-dimensional printer is provided. The three-dimensional printer includes a model printing head and a color printing head arranged along an X-axis and co-constructed, wherein the model printing head prints a forming layer on an X-Y plane of a platform of the three-dimensional printer, and the color printing head colors a coloring zone of the forming layer along a Y-axis. The three-dimensional printing method includes: providing information of the coloring zone of the foaming layer; determining the number of colorings of the color printing head according to the information of the coloring zone by a processor; and driving the model printing head by the processor to print the forming material outside a region of the forming layer.

Abstract: A novel system and apparatus for bagmaking is disclosed herein. In particular, a former assembly is described which includes a collar flange having an aperture passing through from a first side to a second side. A wing assembly, which is mounted to the collar flange, has a former wing and a crown tube. The crown tube extends at least partially through the aperture of the collar flange. The former assembly also includes a transition tube having an elongate cylindrical body that passes through the crown tube and the aperture of the collar flange. A set of handles extends from the collar flange towards an upstream end of the elongate cylindrical body. Additionally, the former assembly has a center of gravity, determined from a reference coordinate system, with a y-component that is not further than 43 mm from the y-axis.

Abstract: An ultrasonic sealing device, including a horn having a sealing surface, an anvil having a sealing surface, at least one of the horn and the anvil being moveable to engage the respective sealing surfaces, the sealing surfaces of the horn and the anvil including a plurality of protrusions and a recess between each of the protrusions, each of the protrusions having a distal surface and sloped sidewalls with curved edges therebetween and each of the recesses including a recess surface with curved edges, wherein, upon engagement of the sealing surface of the horn with the sealing surface of the anvil, the distal surfaces of each of the protrusions on each of the sealing surfaces engage corresponding ones of the recess surfaces of each of the recesses on each of the sealing surfaces and define gaps between the sidewalls of each adjacent protrusion.

Abstract: A method for welding two hollow profiled rods made of plastic to form a window frame. The profiled rods to be joined together are heated to a predetermined temperature by inserting a welding plate between their connecting surfaces and pressing the same against the welding plate, forming outer and inner beads, and the profiled rods are pressed together under pressure after removing the welding plate, with a simultaneous increase in the size of the weld bead.

Abstract: An end effector comprises a plurality of vacuum ports. The plurality of vacuum ports is formed from a plurality of hollow protrusions extending from a face of the end effector. The plurality of vacuum ports is connected to a vacuum chamber receiving a vacuum from a vacuum source interface.

Abstract: A three-dimensional printing method for a three-dimensional printer is provided. The three-dimensional printer includes a model printing head, a color printing head, and a platform. The model printing head prints a forming layer on an X-Y plane of the platform. The model printing head and the color printing head are arranged along an X-axis and co-constructed. The three-dimensional printing method includes: providing information of the forming layer and a coloring zone thereof; driving the model printing head by a processor to print the forming layer and at least one material barrier outside the forming layer; and after printing the forming layer and the material barrier, driving the color printing head by the processor to color the coloring zone along a Y-axis, such that the material barrier is located on a moving path of the model printing head during the coloring.

Abstract: A coloring nozzle cleaning assembly is used to clean a coloring nozzle of a 3D printing device. The coloring nozzle cleaning assembly includes a cleaning tank, a movable scraper and a liquid-absorbent interference member. The cleaning tank includes an opening and receives a cleaning liquid inside. The movable scraper has a contact end placed inside the cleaning tank and immersed in the cleaning liquid, and the contact end can be moved out of the cleaning tank through the opening to scrape against the coloring nozzle. The liquid-absorbent interference member is disposed within an area of the opening, and is located over a liquid level of the cleaning liquid and interferes with a movement course of the movable scraper. Excess cleaning liquid adhered to the movable scraper is absorbed by the liquid-absorbent interference member before the movable scraper cleans the coloring nozzle.

Abstract: Systems and methods for material handling in additive manufacturing systems are provided. Environmental control can decrease exposure of a powder to substances that change a material property of the powder and/or that change a property of a build piece formed from fusing the powder. Powders can be mixed for use in PBF systems. For example, a powder that has been through a printing operation can be reused by mixing the reuse powder with new powder. Powder can be recovered after a printing operation and reused, recycled into new powder, etc. Powder can be decontaminated for better reusability.

Abstract: A system for cleaning an additive manufacturing machine recoater includes a position module for sensing and/or determining a position of a recoater of the additive manufacturing machine and a gas manifold disposed in the additive manufacturing machine and configured to spray a pressurized gas on the recoater when the recoater is in at least one cleaning position. The system includes a valve configured to allow the pressurized gas to flow from a gas source to the gas manifold, and a valve control module configured to control the valve as a function of the position sensed and/or determined by the position module.

Abstract: A fiber texture presents the shape of a strip extending in a longitudinal direction over a determined length between a proximal portion and a distal portion, and in a lateral direction over a determined width between first and second lateral edges. The fiber texture presents three-dimensional or multilayer weaving. The proximal portion of the fiber texture includes an end portion extending in the lateral direction so as to be set back from at least one of the first and second lateral edges and over a determined width that is less than the width of the fiber texture. The end portion projects in the longitudinal direction from at least one longitudinal edge of the fiber texture, the end portion extending in the longitudinal direction between a first end connected to the fiber texture and a free, second end opposite from the first end.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for laying up laminates. One embodiment is a method that includes laying up a multi-layer laminate of fiber reinforced material onto a surface, by: feeding a tape of fiber reinforced material to tape cutters which cut the tape into pieces, picking up pieces of the fiber reinforced material via pick-and-place devices at each of multiple lamination units that are in sequence in a direction of travel, and placing the pieces of fiber reinforced material via the pick-and-place devices to form a laminate as the surface and the lamination units change position with respect to each other and multiple pieces are laid-up concurrently.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a composite part where a layup is covered with a vacuum bag to which a reduced pressure is applied, the method including providing a uncompressible breather element between the layup and the bag to assist with airflow over a surface of the layup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus for slitting a web into a plurality of narrower segments comprising a feed for the web, a slitting system and one or more drivers for driving the web through the slitting system. The drivers contact the web on one side with its contact surface, and its contact surface has a surface roughness Ra in the range of from 20 to 0.2 micrometres, preferably from 20 to 3 micrometres.

Abstract: A cutter module, the cutter module comprising a blade and a sacrificial face. The blade and the sacrificial face face each other along a cutting axis, the blade and the sacrificial face being arranged on either side of a plane of passage for a tape for cutting, and at a distance therefrom, the cutter assembly and the sacrificial face being movable in translation along the cutting axis and respectively in two opposite cutting directions in order to enter into contact in the plane of passage during a stage of cutting, the cutter assembly and the sacrificial face being movable in translation along the cutting axis and respectively in two opposite return directions in order to move away from the plane of passage after the cutting operation.

Abstract: A method of making monolithic carbon nanotube heater elements with geometric shape with multiple, complex curvatures is disclosed. The method includes depositing carbon nanotubes on to a forming surface, draining the carbon nanotubes, and drying the carbon nanotubes. Alternatively, the method includes thermoforming carbon nanotube sheets containing thermoplastic binders. The resulting carbon nanotube heater element is a thin, monolithic carbon nanotube heater sheet having a geometric shape with complex curvatures.

Abstract: Provided is a spectacle lens endowed with high luminous transmittance as well as adequate polarizing function. A method for manufacturing a spectacle lens, comprising forming a polarizing layer by applying a coating liquid containing 0.04% by mass to 1.5% by mass of a dichroic pigment by a spin coating method at a speed of 200 rpm to 600 rpm on a rubbing-treated surface.

Abstract: A tire comprises an interior surface and an exterior surface, an accommodating region arranged on one of said interior and exterior surfaces, an adhesive layer arranged on the accommodating region and a member attached to the accommodating region by the adhesive layer, in which the adhesive layer is based on a silanized polyether.

Abstract: The present technology provides a method of building a tire and a tire building machine. When bonding together longitudinal direction end portions of an outer circumferential side strip-shaped rubber member wrapped around a building drum to form a cylindrical shape, inner circumferential surfaces of projecting parts of the longitudinal direction end portions that project in a drum width direction relative to an inner circumferential side strip-shaped rubber member are supported by a support section, and the inner circumferential surfaces are positioned at a level of an outer circumferential surface of the inner circumferential side strip-shaped rubber member. In this state, the projecting parts are pressed in the drum width direction by a pressing section, and the longitudinal direction end portions are bonded together.

Abstract: In a bead filler forming device configured to forma bead filler by annularly applying, to a forming surface of a rotating table, rubber extruded via a mouthpiece from an extruder in a band shaped manner, and by joining end portions of the band-shaped rubber. The mouthpiece includes a leading end surface, a discharge port which is formed in the leading end surface, a land portion which extends from the discharge port in a single cross section, and a flow rate regulating portion which is provided in an upstream side of the land portion and makes a flow rate of the rubber flowing to an outer peripheral side flow path of the land portion larger than a flow rate of the rubber flowing to an inner peripheral side flow path of the land portion.

Abstract: An upper with 3-dimensional (3D) polyurethane (PU) patterns, a method for manufacturing the same and a shoe produced by the same are revealed. First provide a semi-finished upper. Then provide at least one 3D printer and use PU as 3D printing material for printing at least one PU decorative unit on surface of the semi-finished upper. Next cure the PU decorative unit to get an upper with 3D PU patterns. The upper is used to produce a shoe. Thereby the variety of the shoe is increased and the cost of molds used in the conventional shoe making process is saved.

Abstract: A method for checking and correcting the position of a blank (10) that includes closing the folded right-hand and left-hand flaps (17, 18) of the blank, which are positioned one above the other in an overlapping portion, checking the position of the right-hand edge (13) and of the left-hand edge (14), and comparing the position with a predetermined position in order to determine a positional deviation, if the positional deviation exceeds an admissible deviation value, and before the glue sets, fixing of the central flap (19), then holding the upper face of the right-hand flap and of the left-hand flap by a suction cup (21, 23, 24, 26), and correcting the position of the left-hand flap (18) and/or of the right-hand flap (17) by moving the suction cup (21, 23, 24, 26).

Abstract: A bag making machine for manufacturing bags from an elongated film having print patterns repeatedly printed on one surface or two surfaces at a print pitch corresponding to a predetermined number of bags includes a processing unit configured to process the film for each length corresponding to the predetermined number of bags, a moving mechanism configured to move the processing unit, a shooting device, and an image processing device. The shooting device includes not less than one line sensor installed with a longitudinal direction of the line sensor extending along the widthwise direction of the film and obtains a linear image extending throughout a width of the film for each shooting operation. The image processing device sequentially receives the linear images from the shooting device and detects the actual length of the predetermined number of bags of the film based on an image extending throughout the width of the film.

Abstract: A bottom-gusseted package comprising a package body, and a bottom gusset positioned transversely of a longitudinal axis of the package body. Formation of the bottom-gusseted package is effected by positioning individual sleeves transversely of the longitudinal axis of a flexible web which forms the package body. During package formation, the flexible web is folded and cut to form individual packages, with each individual sleeve positioned to form a bottom gusset in a respective package. Attendant to folding of the flexible web, each gusset-forming sleeve is folded. Optionally, the individual sleeve portions can be configured such that when the flexible web is cut to form individual packages, each individual sleeve is cut to form a bottom gusset in one package, and a top sleeve portion in an adjacent package.

Abstract: A machine for applying support members to opposing sides of opposing edges of a sheet material includes a support tab applicator assembly that applies a first portion of a support tab along a longitudinal edge of a first side of the sheet material, a support tab finisher assembly that applies a second portion of the support tab disposed opposite the first portion to a second side of the sheet material disposed opposite the first side, and a hole punch assembly that cuts a hole through the sheet material. The machine also may include a strengthening film applicator assembly that applies a strengthening film along a longitudinal length of the first side of the sheet material and/or across the support tab.

Abstract: A sheet processor subjecting a sheet having been conveyed forward to processing along a direction perpendicular to a conveyance direction of the sheet, includes: a processing unit performing the processing; and a receiving unit receiving the processing unit therein in a state capable of perfecting the processing on the sheet, and the processing unit includes a first processing tool 4A and a second processing tool 4B disposed to vertically oppose each other with a conveyance surface of the sheet disposed therebetween, and the receiving unit includes at least one receiver that removably receives the first processing tool 4A and the second processing tool 4B in the state capable of performing the processing on the sheet, with arbitrarily selected one of the first processing tool 4A and the second processing tool 4B disposed above the conveyance surface, and with arbitrarily selected another of the first processing tool 4A and the second processing tool 4B disposed below the conveyance surface.

Abstract: A sheet processing device has a binding unit that applies water to a crimping range of sheets and then crimps the sheets. The sheet processing device includes a processing tray on which sheets are placed, a pair of pressure teeth (pressure teeth and receiving teeth) that crimps the sheets placed on the processing tray at a crimping position with the sheets interposed therebetween, and a water application member (cylinder and piston) that applies water to the crimping position before crimping by the pressure teeth. When the number of sheets placed on the processing tray is equal to or less than a predetermined number, the sheets are crimped by the pressure teeth without water application; while when the number of sheets placed on the processing tray exceeds the predetermined number, the sheets are crimped by the pressure teeth after water application.

Abstract: To facilitate permeation of water when water is applied to the crimping range of a sheet made of a water-permeable paper material. A binding unit applies water to placed sheets and then crimp-binds the sheets. The binding unit includes a pair of pressure teeth (pressure teeth and receiving teeth part) provided on both the front and back sides of the sheets and configured to crimp-binding the sheets, a water reservoir provided on the back surface side of any one of the pressure teeth and configured to store water to be applied to the sheet, and a pressurizing member (piston) that pressurizes the water in the water reservoir to apply water to the sheet crimping range.

Abstract: A packaging system includes a packaging unit and an article. The packaging unit includes a solid layer, a porous layer and a plastic layer with a cavity. The cavity is configured to receive and secure the article in an opening defined by the cavity that is flexible between a first and a second dimension. The packaging unit is fabricated by a 3D printing process. A tensioning device of a 3D printing machine tensions a feed filament during the 3D printing process.

Abstract: A waterproof invisible barrier seam is formed between two fabric laminates, an outer shell fabric laminate and an inner lining fabric laminate. The seam includes an invisible seam tape that forms a hydrostatic barrier within the seam. The design of the seam allows the formation of an effective hydrostatic barrier along the seams of a soft shell garment, while retaining flexibility, stretch, aesthetic appearance, and reversibility.

Abstract: Light weight composites with high flexural strength comprise epoxy foam sandwiched between two layers of facing material have high strength and low weight and can be used to replace steel structures. The facing layer may be fibrous material especially glass or carbon fibres, the facing material is preferably embedded into the epoxy matrix. Alternatively they may be matching box structures or concentric metal tubes. The sandwich structures may be prepared by laying up the fibre; coating and/or impregnating the layer with epoxy resin, laying a layer of heat activatable foamable epoxy material, providing a further layer of the fibrous material optionally coated and/or impregnated with epoxy resin on the foamable material and heating to foam and cure the epoxy materials. Alternatively they may be formed by extrusion of the foamable material between the surface layers.

Abstract: A composite article comprises an article presenting a surface and a thermally expandable composition disposed on the surface of the article. The thermally expandable composition comprises (a) from about 35 to about 65 percent by weight of a polyolefin resin; (b) from about 2 to about 15 percent by weight of a thermoplastic resin; (c) from about 1 to about 6 percent by weight of a curing agent suitable for cross-linking the polyolefin resin (a); (d) from about 15 to about 45 percent by weight of filler; and (e) from about 1 to about 10 percent by weight of a chemical blowing agent which is activated at an activation temperature, each based on the total weight of the thermally expandable composition. Methods of preparing and using the composite article, and an assembly formed from the composite article, are also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vacuum insulation material having a structure from which a folding process can be removed, a vacuum insulation material manufacturing method, and a refrigerator including the vacuum insulation material. The vacuum insulation material comprises: a core material; a first outer cover material disposed at the outside of the core material; a second outer cover material coupled to the first outer cover material so as to form an accommodation space in which the compressed core material is accommodated; and coupling parts provided at edges of the first outer cover material and the second outer cover material, wherein the length of the coupling part is 10-30 mm.

Abstract: An article including one or more foam material layers and one or more nonwoven fibrous layers. The article is adapted to be used as insulation within a wall or hollow cavity. The article is a material that is acoustically and thermally functional, thermally insulative, easy to handle and fabricate, easy to slide into wall channels or place into wall, light weight, non-shedding, non-toxic, no mold/mildew, continuous (longer lengths in one piece), resistant to tearing/breaking, that has a high R-value, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing a carbon nanotube-metal composite in which carbon nanotubes are layered on a metal substrate, the method comprising: (i) depositing a liquid, in which carbon nanotubes are suspended, onto said metal substrate; (ii) during or after step (i), subjecting said liquid to a shearing force sufficient to spatially confine the liquid to induce at least partial alignment of said carbon nanotubes on said metal substrate; and (iii) removing said liquid to produce said carbon nanotube-metal composite; wherein, after step (iii), the lengthwise dimensions of said carbon nanotubes are adhered to and oriented parallel with said metal surface, and said carbon nanotubes are at least partially aligned with each other. In some embodiments, the liquid is deposited in the form of droplets, and the droplets are subjected to a shearing force to cause them to elongate, which induces at least partial alignment of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metal-clad laminate and uses of the same are provided. The method comprises the following steps: (a) impregnating a reinforcement material with a first fluoropolymer solution, and drying the impregnated reinforcement material under a first temperature to obtain a first prepreg; (b) impregnating the first prepreg with a second fluoropolymer solution, and drying the impregnated first prepreg under a second temperature to obtain a second prepreg; and (c) laminating the second prepreg and a metal-clad to obtain a metal-clad laminate, wherein the first fluoropolymer solution has a first fluoropolymer, the second fluoropolymer solution has a second fluoropolymer, and the first fluoropolymer and the second fluoropolymer are different.

Abstract: A composite component is a composite component including a metal portion formed of a metal and a resin portion formed of a resin. The metal portion includes: a main body portion, a plurality of hole portions provided along any one of directions separating from each other and directions parallel to each other in the main body portion from outside toward inside, and a connecting portion configured to connect the hole portions to each other inside the main body portion. The resin portion includes: a cover portion covering the main body portion in a position corresponding to at least the hole portions, and a joint portion provided in a protruding manner from the cover portion to be positioned inside the plurality of hole portions, the joint portion being continuous in a position of the connecting portion.

Abstract: There is provided an interlayer film for laminated glass with which the sound insulating properties in a high frequency area of 2000 Hz or more can be effectively enhanced. The interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention has a two or more-layer structure and is provided with a first layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a second layer containing a thermoplastic resin, the second layer is arranged on a first surface side of the first layer, and the interlayer film is provided with Constitution A: “the glass transition temperature of the second layer being 32° C. or more, the glass transition temperature of the first layer being lower than the glass transition temperature of the second layer, and the thickness of the interlayer film being more than 787 ?m and 950 ?m or less” or Constitution B: “the glass transition temperature of the second layer being 25° C.

Abstract: A multi-layered structure of at least a polymer base-layer and paint-based protective layer or a paste-based protective layer, the protective layer being non-intumescent, wherein the protective layer exhibits at atmospheric pressure during an increase in ambient temperature, a drop in its thermal conductivity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an electronic component, includes: a step of temporarily fixing onto a support body a workpiece to become a member constituting an electronic component, via a film-like temporary fixing material; a step of processing the workpiece which is temporarily fixed onto the support body; and a step of separating the processed workpiece from the support body and the film-like temporary fixing material, and the film-like temporary fixing material contains an (meth)acrylic copolymer (A) having a not unevenly distributed reactive functional group.

Abstract: Provided are multilayer structures that include a first layer and a second layer, in which the first layer consists essentially of a machine direction oriented high density polyethylene film (MDO HDPE) and the second layer includes a heat seal layer. Typically, the MDO HDPE has a weight average molecular weight less than about 500,000 g/mol, a number average molecular weight less than about 500,000 g/mol, a moisture vapor transmission rate (MVTR) of greater than about 0.30 g/100SI/day/mil, or a combination of two more thereof. The structures may further include other layers such as adhesive, print, and/or oxygen barrier layers.

Abstract: A recycled fiberglass reinforced polymer composite article and a method of the same are disclosed in the present disclosure. The reinforced composite article is composed of a recycled fiberglass collected from waste streams and functioning as a filler, the recycled fiberglass being 30-70% of a total weight of the reinforced composite article; a colorant of 1-2% of the total weight of the reinforced composite article; and a recycled resin substantially wetting-out the recycled glass fiber by the black colorant and a chemical binder.

Abstract: A graphic film is described comprising a first film layer having a Tg ranging from 30° C. to 60° C. The first film layer comprises a (meth)acrylic polymer and polyvinyl acetal polymer. In typical embodiments, the graphic film further comprises a design, image, graphic, or text. Also described is a method of forming a graphic film comprising providing a film comprising a first film layer having a Tg ranging from 30° C. to 60° C. comprising a (meth)acrylic polymer and polyvinyl acetal polymer and providing a graphic proximate the film.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nanometer wire grid structure fabrication method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of bonding a first part to a second part to form an assembly. The method includes positioning a plurality of adhesive spacers between the first part and the second part. Each adhesive spacer is made of a first curable adhesive in a cured state. The method further includes positioning at least one adhesive layer between the plurality of adhesive spacers and the first part and between the plurality of adhesive spacers and the second part. Each adhesive layer is made of the same first curable adhesive as the plurality of adhesive spacers, but in a non-cured state. The method further includes with the plurality of adhesive spacers between the first part, the second part, and the adhesive layers, curing the first part, the second part, and the adhesive layers.

Abstract: Smartcards with metal layers manufactured according to various techniques disclosed herein. One or more metal layers of a smartcard stackup may be provided with slits overlapping at least a portion of a module antenna in an associated transponder chip module disposed in the smartcard so that the metal layer functions as a coupling frame. One or more metal layers may be pre-laminated with plastic layers to form a metal core or clad subassembly for a smartcard, and outer printed and/or overlay plastic layers may be laminated to the front and/or back of the metal core. Front and back overlays may be provided. Various constructions of and manufacturing techniques (including temperature, time, and pressure regimes for laminating) for smartcards are disclosed herein.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method to produce a coating layer, including applying a coating composition on a surface of a carrier, curing the coating composition to a coating layer, and subsequently applying pressure to the coating layer. The disclosure further relates to a method to produce a building panel, and such a building panel, and to a method to produce a coated foil, and such a coated foil.