Abstract: Method of making construction materials intended for use as structural elements, such as structural blocks, used in the construction of buildings and civil engineering structures. In one aspect, the blocks may comprise a body shape configured so as to allow it to interlock with other blocks in the construction of a structure. Methods for manufacturing the blocks and structures comprising such materials and methods for building such structures are also disclosed.

Abstract: Processes are disclosed for producing gypsum-based products from a gypsum slurry. Additives or combinations of additives for improving compressive strength, fluidity and/or set time of the gypsum product are mixed in intimate contact with raw gypsum prior to or during grinding and/or flash calcination to form stucco. The stucco is used to prepare a gypsum slurry which is shaped and sets to form the gypsum product.

Abstract: A composite material containing carbon and a plastic includes: a) provision of a pulverulent composition with one or more components of amorphous carbon, graphite and mixed forms thereof, b) provision of a liquid binder, c) planar deposition of a layer consisting of the material provided in step a) and local deposition of droplets of material provided in step b) onto this layer and any number of repetitions of step c), the local deposition of the droplets in the successive repetitions of this step being adapted according to the desired shape of the component to be produced, d) at least partial curing or drying of the binder to obtain a green body that has the desired shape of the component, e) impregnation of the green body with a liquid synthetic resin and f) curing of the synthetic resin to produce a synthetic resin matrix.

Abstract: A silicide-based composite material is disclosed, comprising a silicide of Mo, B, W, Nb, Ta, Ti, Cr, Co, Y, or a combination thereof, Si3N4, and at least an oxide, as well as and a process for producing the same.

Abstract: A method of forming a composite article includes impregnating an inorganic fiber preform with a slurry composition. The slurry composition includes a particulate, a solvent, and a pre-gellant material. Gelling of the pre-gellant material in the slurry composition is initiated to immobilize the particulate and yield a gelled article, and substantially all solvent is removed from the gelled article to form a green composite article. The green composite article is then infiltrated with a molten infiltrant to form the composite article.

Abstract: A joined body according to the invention is a ceramic/aluminum joined body including: a ceramic member; and an aluminum member made of aluminum or an aluminum alloy, in which the ceramic member and the aluminum member are joined to each other, the ceramic member is formed of silicon nitride containing magnesium, and a joining layer in which magnesium is contained in an aluminum-silicon-oxygen-nitrogen compound is formed at a joining interface between the ceramic member and the aluminum member.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating protective coating systems for gas turbine engine applications are provided. An exemplary method of applying a protective coating to a substrate includes the steps of providing a substrate formed of a ceramic matrix composite material, forming a first coating layer directly on to the substrate and comprising an oxygen barrier material, a compliance material, or a bonding material and forming a second coating layer directly on to the first coating layer and comprising a thermal barrier material. The method optionally includes forming a third coating layer partially directly on to the second coating layer and partially within at least some of the plurality of pores of the second coating layer.

Abstract: Stable, liquid fertilizer compositions comprising nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum are provided herein. The fertilizer compositions are capable supplying high levels of micronutrients to seeds at low doses of the compositions. The compositions generally have low salinity and a pH from about 6.0 to about 8.0, thereby avoiding the high mortality rates of beneficial soil bacteria, which has been a major problem with prior seed fertilizers. Also provided herein are methods of forming and using the fertilizer compositions. Notably, it has been discovered that monoethanolamine molybdate solutions can be used to provide high levels of molybdenum to seed surfaces in a stable liquid formulation.

Abstract: A device for treating organic materials having a nozzle base, a roof, a rear wall, and two side walls, delimiting the interior of the device. Extending in the nozzle base are tubes connected to nozzles in the nozzle base, directed toward the interior of the device. The tubes are connected to a process gas apparatus for supplying the tubes with process gas. The process gas apparatus includes a ventilator connected to a pressure chamber for feeding the pressure chamber with process gas. The pressure chamber has at least one outlet connected to at least one of the tubes in the nozzle base to conduct process gas from the pressure chamber into the tubes. The ventilator and the pressure chamber are situated on the roof of the device, in particular in an enclosure. The pressure chamber is connected to the tubes via at least one connecting line in the rear wall.

Abstract: Decomposing waste material may use a no-turn, aerobic composting apparatus that includes an enclosure for containing waste material and a fluid distribution system including a fluid injection member removably disposable in waste material disposed in the enclosure. The fluid injection member includes a plurality of spaced apertures for injecting fluid into the waste material.

Abstract: Provided herein are a use of thioether compounds of formula I as nitrification inhibitors, and agricultural mixtures and compositions including the thioether compounds.

Abstract: A composite explosive product, wherein its composition expressed as percentages by weight includes 85% to 92% of organic energetic charges; the organic energetic charges a) being selected from charges of octogen (HMX), hexogen (RDX), hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL20), penthrite (PETN), and mixtures thereof, and b) presenting a grain size distribution with a value for D90 less than 15 ?m and a value for D50 less than or equal to 5 ?m; and 7% to 12% of a polymer gum selected from polyurethane-polyester gums, polyurethane-polyether gums, and mixtures thereof, of number average molecular weight greater than 20,000 g/mol and of Mooney viscosity lying in the range 20 to 70 ML (5+4) at 100° C.; and wherein the composite explosive product has a thickness lying in the range 0.4 mm to 5 mm.

Abstract: An oxidative aromatization method and systems capable of producing aromatic hydrocarbons from an alkane or mixtures of alkanes and carbon dioxide (CO2) are disclosed. Specifically, the method and systems use zeolite catalysts to catalyze the aromatization reaction of butane in the presence of CO2. The aromatization reactions provide product streams with high single pass aromatic selectivity of benzene, toluene and xylenes (BTX).

Abstract: A method for producing butadiene comprises a step of obtaining a product gas containing butadiene, by feeding a raw-material gas containing straight-chain butene and an oxygen-containing gas containing molecular oxygen to a reactor and performing oxidative dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises a composite oxide containing molybdenum and bismuth, and the concentration of hydrocarbons having 5 or more carbon atoms in the raw-material gas is 0.05 mol % to 7.0 mol %.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for purifying and drying a hydrofluoroolefin stream comprising a hydrofluoroolefin, water and impurities composed of halogenated carbon compounds, characterised in that said stream is brought into contact with an adsorbent and in that the purification and the drying processes are carried out simultaneously in one and the same step, said hydrofluoroolefin being a compound of formula (I): CX1X2?CX3CX4X5X6 in which each Xi (i ranging from 1 to 6) represents, independently of one another, a hydrogen atom or a chlorine or fluorine atom, it being understood that at least one of the Xi's represents a fluorine atom.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing 3-methylcyclopentadecane-1,5-diol (I) by hydrogenolysis of 14-methyl-16,17,18-trioxatricyclo[10.3.2.1]octadecane (II). The invention further relates to a process for preparing 3-methylcyclopentadecane-1,5-diol is a macrocyclic diol that can serve as precursor for a macrocyclic odorant, such as muscone and muscenone.

Abstract: A hydrogenation method for preparing HBPA includes placing a BPA reaction liquid into a hydrogenation vessel with a hollow-shaft stirrer installed inside; starting the hollow-shaft stirrer to stir the BPA reaction liquid and simultaneously allowing hydrogen gas evenly distributed over and contact well with the BPA reaction liquid; in the presence of a single-metallic Ru/Al2O3 hydrogenation catalyst to proceed with a catalytic hydrogenation at low temperature and low pressure to produce HBPA, the HBPA has a yield of 99.7% or more, and particularly having a trans/trans isomer ratio above 63%.

Abstract: A method and a system for inexpensively producing a corresponding target ketone and/or alcohol by decomposing hydroperoxide rapidly and with high selectivity using an aqueous alkaline solution and by recovering and recycling alkali. The method includes neutralizing at least a part of a carboxylic acid in the oxidation reaction solution by contacting the oxidation reaction solution with a first alkaline solution including a carbonate of an alkali metal, and separating the reaction mixture into a first oil phase and a first water phase; decomposing the hydroperoxide and the ester compound in the first oil phase by contacting the first oil phase with a second alkaline solution having a higher pH value than the first alkaline solution, and separating the reaction mixture into a second oil phase and a second water phase; and recovering the carbonate of an alkali metal from the first water phase and recycling the carbonate of an alkali metal to the first alkaline solution.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polymorphic forms of sodium benzoate with a X-ray diffraction pattern comprising characteristic peaks at a reflection angle 2? of approximately 5.9, 30.2, and 31.2 degrees; or a X-ray diffraction pattern comprising characteristic peaks at a reflection angle 2? of approximately 3.7, 5.9, and 26.6 degrees. Also provided herein are methods of preparing the polymorphic forms of sodium benzoate and uses thereof in treating and/or reducing the risk for a neuropsychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, psychotic disorders, depressive disorders, or Alzheimer's disease).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for producing an acid halide solution that is useful as a production intermediate or the like that allows industrially advantageous production of a polymerizable liquid crystal compound. The method for producing an acid halide solution of the present disclosure includes a step ? of reacting a halogenating agent and a dicarboxylic acid compound in a water-immiscible organic solvent in the presence of a tetraalkylammonium salt to obtain a water-immiscible organic solvent solution including an acid halide, and a step ? of concentrating the obtained water-immiscible organic solvent solution.

Abstract: A process for purifying methyl methacrylate by feeding a product mixture comprising methanol, methyl methacrylate and alkali metal salts thereof, methacrolein, water and heavy byproducts to a distillation column having at least 15 trays. The product mixture and a C6-C7 hydrocarbon enter the distillation column above the middle of the distillation column. An overhead stream comprising C6-C7 hydrocarbon, methacrolein, methanol, water and methyl methacrylate and a bottoms stream comprising water, methyl methacrylate and its alkali metal salt and heavy byproducts are removed from the column.

Abstract: A process for purifying methyl methacrylate by (a) feeding a mixture comprising methyl methacrylate and its alkali salt into a distillation column above the middle along with a hydrocarbon; (b) removing a first overhead stream; (c) removing a first bottoms stream; (d) feeding the first overhead stream to a first water separator to produce (i) a first organic phase and (ii) a first aqueous phase which enters a methanol drying column which produces a second overhead stream and a second bottoms stream; (e) feeding the first bottoms stream to a second water separator to produce (i) a second aqueous phase which is fed to an MMA stripper column which produces a third overhead stream and a third bottoms stream, and (ii) a second organic phase; (f) combining the second organic phase and the second bottoms stream into a third water separator which produces a third organic phase which enters an MMA drying column which produces a fourth bottoms stream, and (g) feeding the fourth bottoms stream to an MMA product column

Abstract: A method for producing an asymmetric chain carbonate by reacting an alcohol with a halocarbonate ester compound in the presence of a basic magnesium salt.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the continuous production of nitrobenzene by the nitration of benzene with nitric acid and sulphuric acid under adiabatic conditions, not the entire production plant being shut down during a production stop, but the production plant being entirely or at least partly operated in recirculation mode. The invention further relates to a plant for producing nitrobenzene and to a method for operating a plant for producing nitrobenzene.

Abstract: Glucose deprivation is an attractive strategy in cancer research and treatment. Cancer cells upregulate glucose uptake and metabolism for maintaining accelerated growth and proliferation rates. Specifically blocking these processes is likely to provide new insights to the role of glucose transport and metabolism in tumorigenesis, as well as in apoptosis. As solid tumors outgrow the surrounding vasculature, they encounter microenvironments with a limited supply of nutrients leading to a glucose deprived environment in some regions of the tumor. Cancer cells living in the glucose deprived environment undergo changes to prevent glucose deprivation-induced apoptosis. Knowing how cancer cells evade apoptosis induction is also likely to yield valuable information and knowledge of how to overcome the resistance to apoptosis induction in cancer cells.

Abstract: Methods are provided herein for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases or conditions such as an ophthalmic disease or disorder associated with diabetes in a patient. Also provided herein are methods of treating retinopathy of prematurity in a patient. Further, provided herein are methods for treating wet age-related macular degeneration in a patient. The methods comprise administration of compounds disclosed herein to a patient in need thereof that inhibit or slow one or more signs or symptoms of such conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to lipid compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts for the prevention and/or treatment of ophthalmic disorders such as retinal degenerative disorders and ocular inflammatory diseases: (I) (wherein R1 is either a C9 to C22 alkyl group, or a C9 to C22 alkenyl group having from 1 to 6 double bonds; R2 is selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a carboxy group, an acyl group, an amino group, and an alkylamino group; R3 is a hydrogen atom, or a group R2; R4 is a carboxylic acid or a derivative thereof; and X is methylene (—CH2—), or an oxygen or sulfur atom).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound and its preparation method and use and corresponding targeted drug delivery systems and chemotherapeutic drugs. The compound is a novel compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treating small cell lung cancer, characterized in that, the compound has the general formula I, wherein R is acyloxy group. The present invention also relates to a preparation method of the compound, to use of the compound for the preparation of a chemotherapeutic drug for treating small cell lung cancer, to a targeted drug delivery system including the compound, and to a chemotherapeutic drug including the compound and for treating small cell lung cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method capable of selectively synthesizing cationic lipids by controlling the introduction rate of a fatty acid group with respect to an oligoalkyleneamine by the change of reaction conditions.

Abstract: An aspect of the present disclosure is a method that includes a first reacting a molecule from at least one of a carboxylic acid, an ester of a carboxylic acid, and/or an anhydride with ammonia to form a nitrile, where the first reacting is catalyzed using an acid catalyst. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the molecule may include at least one of acetic acid, lactic acid, and/or 3-hydroxyproprionic acid (3-HPA). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the molecule may include at least one of methyl acetate, ethyl lactate, and/or ethyl 3-hydroxypropanoate (ethyl 3-HP). In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the anhydride may be acetic anhydride.

Abstract: The present invention refers to substituted cyclopentyl- and cyclohexyl-derivatives of formula (I) wherein n, R1, R2, R3, R4 and X have the same meaning as given in the description. The invention further refers to fragrance compositions and fragranced articles comprising them.

Abstract: A process for preparing an isocyanate compound is provided. The process includes a step of reacting an amine compound A having at least one primary amino group with CO2 and an organotin compound S having at least one radical OR3 attached to the tin atom of the organotin compound to convert at least one of the primary amino groups in the amine compound A into a carbamate group to obtain a carbamate compound C; a step of cleaving the carbamate groups in the obtained carbamate compound C to form the isocyanate compound and an alcohol R3OH, without separation of the tin compounds; and a step of obtaining the isocyanate compound. The radical R3 is a C-bound organic radical of 1-30 carbon atoms with 1, 2, or 3 carbon atoms optionally replaced by oxygen or nitrogen.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing isocyanates by reacting primary amines with phosgene in a solvent, where the solvent comprises a dialkyl carbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides hTERT modulators and methods for producing and using the same. In particular, the present invention provide a compound of the formula as described herein. Some aspects of the invention are based on the characterization of the effect of hTERT core promoter region mutants on the 5-12 G-quadruplex structure and its stability. It is believed that some of the compounds of the invention bind selectively to the G-quadruplex in the hTERT core promoter mutant, which results in reversal of the effect of mutant promoter activation.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating pain using compounds having the general formula: and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the variables RA, subscript n, ring A, X2, L, subscript m, X1, ring D, R1, and RN have the meaning as described herein.

Abstract: An oseltamivir analogue and nanoparticles having the analogue bound thereto, of the present invention, strongly bind to oseltamivir-resistant influenza virus, and thus, the use of the same can allow detection of oseltamivir-resistant influenza viruses quickly and conveniently with the naked eye. Therefore, the present invention can be favorably utilized in promptly establishing a therapeutic schedule for a patient infected with influenza viruses.

Abstract: The present application relates to a preparation method of intermediate compounds with formula II and formula III of a compound (N-{3-[3-(9H-purin-6-yl) pyridin-2-ylamino]-4-chloro-2-fluorophenyl}-3-fluoropropane-1-sulfonamide) for regulating kinase activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to mono- or di-substituted indole compounds, methods to prevent or treat dengue viral infections by using said compounds and also relates to said compounds for use as a medicine, more preferably for use as a medicine to treat or prevent dengue viral infections. The present invention furthermore relates to pharmaceutical compositions or combination preparations of the compounds, to the compositions or preparations for use as a medicine, more preferably for the prevention or treatment of dengue viral infections. The invention also relates to processes for preparation of the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides organic compounds which are capable of releasing carbon monoxide under physiological conditions or pH trigger, and to the use of such compounds for conditioning a cell, tissue or organ, for example, to protect against ischaemic injury during a transplant event.

Abstract: An electrochromic device includes an electrochromic compound with reduced intermolecular interactions resulting in uncontrolled color changes, the electrochromic represented by Formula (I):

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by the general formula (I) (wherein the definition of each group has the same meaning as described in the specification). The compound is useful as preventive and/or therapeutic agent for KCNQ2-5 channel-related diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds I wherein the variables are defined as given in the description and claims. The invention further relates to uses, processes and intermediates for compounds I.

Abstract: The invention relates to substituted oxopyridine derivatives and to processes for preparation thereof, and also to the use thereof for production of medicaments for treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases, especially of cardiovascular disorders, preferably thrombotic or thromboembolic disorders, and oedemas, and also ophthalmic disorders.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to new crystalline forms of Pitavastatin hemicalcium salt, referred to hereinafter as polymorphic Forms A, B, C, D, E and F, as well as the amorphous form. Furthermore, the present invention is directed to processes for the preparation of these crystalline forms and the amorphous form and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these crystalline forms or the amorphous forms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by formula (E). The present invention also relates to a compound represented by the formula (E) for use in the treatment or prevention of diseases linked to protein aggregation and/or neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical and diagnostic compositions comprising the compound of the invention as well as to a kit. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of imaging deposits of aggregated protein. A kit for preparing a detectably labelled compound of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: Described herein are liver X receptor (LXR) modulators and methods of utilizing LXR modulators in the treatment of LXR-associated diseases, disorders or conditions. Also described herein are pharmaceutical compositions containing such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes and intermediates for preparing Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonists of structure (VI); and stereoisomers and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a novel process for preparing substituted quinazoline compounds of formula (I) using a hydrogen bonding catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to trifluoroacetyl hydrazide compounds and methods of preparation and uses thereof. The compounds have a structure of the following formula: The compounds showed multifunctional mechanisms, including inhibition of glutamate excitotoxicity, activation of MEF2 transcriptional activity, clearance of free radicals, and promotion of nerve differentiation, and has a better protective effect on cells especially nerve cells. The compound can be used to prepare prophylactic or therapeutic medicaments with cytoprotective effects, for the prevention or treatment of diseases related to glutamate receptor activation, MEF2 disorders or excessive free radicals generation. The diseases include, for example, neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson and stroke, and the free radicals related diseases such as heart disease, myocardial ischemia, diabetes and other cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Abstract: Substances and methods are disclosed for reducing or preventing metastatic behaviour in VGSC expressing cancer by the effect of at least reducing the persistent part of the voltage gated sodium channel current without eliminating the transient part. Inhibition of metastatic cell behaviours such as detachability, lateral motility, transverse migration and invasiveness is demonstrated using the known drugs ranolazine and riluzole.