Abstract: Various embodiments of the disclosure relate to a spreading unit, having a shaper, for spreading viscous material, in particular sealing material, on a component, wherein the shaper has a shaping contour for the forming of the viscous material in the course of the spreading. It is proposed that the shaping contour of the shaper for the forming of the viscous material is adjustable by actuator-based means.

Abstract: A coating sequence includes supplying a resist liquid onto a wafer under a condition that a liquid puddle of the resist liquid is formed at a central portion thereof; supplying, while rotating the wafer at a first rotation speed where the liquid puddle stays at an inner side than an edge of the wafer, a diluting liquid and moving a supply position of the diluting liquid from an outside of the liquid puddle to an edge portion thereof; moving, after the moving of the supply position from the outside to the edge portion, the supply position from the edge portion to the outside while continuously rotating the wafer at the first rotation speed; and rotating, after the moving of the supply position from the edge portion to the outside, the wafer at a rotation speed higher than the first rotation speed to diffuse the resist liquid toward the edge.

Abstract: Disclosed is an aluminum alloy hub surface treatment process. The specific process flow comprises: providing an aluminum alloy hub blank, sanding, polishing, pre-treating, spraying electroplating silver paint, flash-drying, spraying celluloid paint, curing and discharging. The process not only has the mirror effect of electroplated products, but also has many advantages of simplicity, low cost, no heavy metal pollution and the like.

Abstract: This patent discloses an aluminum alloy hub polishing color register process, specifically comprising the following steps of: polishing a blank, pre-treating, spraying transparent powder 1, curing, placing a hard protector, spraying a colored paint, curing, polishing a color register boundary line off line, pre-treating, spraying transparent powder 2, curing and discharging. The process solves the problems that the polished surface is easily scratched in the color register boundary treatment process and that the treatment efficiency is relatively low in the traditional polished color register products, improves the yield and production efficiency of polished color register products and increases the additional values of the products.

Abstract: Films including a water-soluble layer and a vapor-deposited organic coating are disclosed. The films can optionally further include a vapor-deposited inorganic layer. The films exhibit enhanced barrier properties.

Abstract: There is disclosed a paint application system. The paint application system comprises an applicator for applying paint to a surface to be painted and a supply unit in fluid communication with the application and having a positive pressure source for supplying paint to the applicator and a negative pressure source for supplying a negative pressure to the applicator. Both the paint and the negative pressure are supplied to the applicator at the same time such that any excess paint present at the applicator during the application of the paint to the surface to be painted is collected by the negative pressure at the applicator and removed from the applicator.

Abstract: According to an object to offer a film in quality with an industrial advantage, a method of forming a film is suggested. An embodiment of a method of the present invention includes turning a raw-material solution containing an aprotic solvent (that may be lactones or lactams) into a mist or droplets (step of atomization), carrying the mist or droplets into a film-formation chamber onto a base that is arranged in the film-formation chamber (step of carrying the mist), and causing a reaction of the mist or droplets preferably at a temperature that is 250° C. or less to form a film on the base (step of forming a film).

Abstract: An ultrasonic transducer includes a membrane, a bottom electrode, and a plurality of cavities disposed between the membrane and the bottom electrode, each of the plurality of cavities corresponding to an individual transducer cell. Portions of the bottom electrode corresponding to each individual transducer cell are electrically isolated from one another. Each portion of the bottom electrode corresponds to each individual transducer that cell further includes a first bottom electrode portion and a second bottom electrode portion, the first and second bottom electrode portions electrically isolated from one another.

Abstract: A vibration device includes a substrate that contains movable ions, an element unit that has a movable portion which is displaceable from the substrate, and a conductor layer that is disposed on a side of the substrate which is opposite to the element unit. When a potential of the movable portion is set to E1 and a potential of the conductor layer is set to E2, |E1?E2|<|E1| is satisfied. In a plan view obtained in a direction where the conductor layer, the substrate, and the element unit are juxtaposed with one another, the conductor layer overlaps at least a portion of the movable portion.

Abstract: An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) system for inspecting a part includes an EMAT sensor and a power supply for supplying an output power to the EMAT sensor. The power supply includes a DC/DC converter to boost an input DC voltage into a boosted DC voltage, a DC/AC inverter having Silicon Carbide (SiC) Mosfet power switches to invert the boosted DC voltage into an AC square voltage, and an output filter to filter the AC square voltage into an AC sinusoidal voltage. The AC sinusoidal voltage is the output power from the power supply to the EMAT sensor.

Abstract: A pseudo force sense generation apparatus including a base, and first to nth vibrators that make asymmetrical motions where relative positions of the vibrators to the base are fixedis provided. An ith vibrator included in the first to the nth vibrators is each capable of presenting pseudo force sense in an ith straight-line direction. The pseudo force sense generation apparatus makes a rotary motion centered at a neighborhood of a center of gravity of a system by driving of the vibrators.

Abstract: Implementations of the subject matter described herein relate to sensors including piezoelectric micromechanical ultrasonic transducer (PMUT) sensor elements and arrays thereof. The PMUT sensor elements may be switchable between a non- ultrasonic force detection mode and an ultrasonic imaging mode. A PMUT sensor element may include a diaphragm that is capable of a static displacement on application of a force and is capable of a dynamic displacement when the PMUT sensor element transmits or receives ultrasonic signals. In some implementations, a PMUT sensor element includes a two dimensional-electron gas structure on the diaphragm. The sensors may further include a sensor controller configured to switch between a non-ultrasonic force detection mode and an ultrasonic imaging mode for one or more of the PMUT sensor elements, wherein an applied force is measured in the non-ultrasonic force detection mode and wherein an object is imaged ultrasonically during the ultrasonic imaging mode.

Abstract: A sieving device is described. The sieving device includes an adjustable sieve surface that includes a first sieve surface and a second sieve surface. Openings are formed in each of the first sieve surface and the second sieve surface so as to define a shared pathways extending through the adjustable sieve surface. The shared pathways are defined by a length dimension that is greater than a width dimension. The width dimension can correspond to a cephalothorax width of an insect.

Abstract: A screen includes a support structure. A plurality of screening elements is arranged in spaced relationship on the support structure to define screening apertures between adjacent screening elements. Each screening element defines a screening surface, respectively. The screening surface of each of at least some of the screening elements are spaced further from the support structure than the screening surface of each of the remaining screening elements so that, on opposed sides of each screening aperture associated with the at least some of the screening elements, the screening surfaces are at different heights.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for recovering value metals from sulphide ore, including steps of crushing ore in a primary crusher (14) to a size of about 40 cm and less, passing the crushed ore through one or more of the following pre-beneficiation processes such as bulk sorting (16) and screening (20) followed by coarse floatation (46/50), or gravity separation or magnetic separation. A waste stream (54) from the pre-beneficiation process/es with a particle size greater than 100 ?m is stacked in a heap (26) and subjected to a heap leach. This integrated process utilises the pre-beneficiation techniques best suited to the characteristics of a particular orebody; and during the pre-beneficiation simultaneously creating a low grade stream that yields significantly higher recoveries than achievable by normal heap leaching of low grade run of mine ore.

Abstract: An object detection method includes an electromagnetic radiation emitter, and an electromagnetic radiation detector on a first side of an inspection zone, a reflective background on a second side of the inspection zone and a controller operably connected to the emitter and the detector to measure/determine a first time of travel for emitted electromagnetic radiation waves/pulses to travel from the emitter, to the reflective background, and return to the detector, and to measure/determine a second time of travel for emitted electromagnetic radiation waves/pulses to travel from the emitter of electromagnetic radiation to objects of interest passing through the inspection zone along an unsupported path of travel and to be reflected to the electromagnetic radiation detector, and any determined time of travel which varies from the first time of travel is evidence there is an object within the inspection zone and between the emitter and the reflective background.

Abstract: A sorting apparatus is described and which includes a selectively heated avalanche photodiode (APD) which is maintained at a predetermined temperature and which further demonstrates a higher gain and signal-to-noise ratio with greater stability at a predetermined temperature for enhancing sorting efficiency.

Abstract: A method of sorting is described and which includes a step of acquiring a multiplicity of synchronized image signals of a product stream which is to be sorted; generating a multiplicity of fused sensor signals; forming an image model previously acquired from the objects to be sorted; identifying objects in the product stream, and generating object presence and defect signals; determining a spatial orientation of the objects in the product stream; detecting the defects and removing the defects from the product stream.

Abstract: A system includes an abrasion component containing an abrasion pad configured to clean a faying surface of a nutplate and a shaft attached to the abrasion pad and configured to rotate the shaft and the abrasion pad during cleaning of the nutplate, which includes abrading the faying surface with the abrasion pad. The system further includes a base configured to attach to a pressure applicator, and the pressure applicator, which is configured to attach to the base, hold the nutplate such that the faying surface is capable of contacting the abrasion pad during the cleaning of the nutplate, and apply pressure to the nutplate such that the nutplate contacts the abrasion pad during the cleaning of the nutplate. Furthermore, the abrasion component is configured to rotate the abrasion pad within at least one of the base and the pressure applicator during the cleaning of the nutplate.

Abstract: A liquid dispensing container and cleaning robot are provided. The cleaning robot includes the liquid dispensing container, the liquid dispensing container includes a column-shaped portion; a taper portion having a bottom surface connected to a lower bottom surface of the column-shaped portion; and a drainage outlet disposed on a top point of the taper portion; wherein the liquid dispensing container is disposed on a sloping plane; an included angle between a side surface of the taper portion and the bottom surface of the taper portion is greater than or equal to an included angle between a sloping plane and a level surface.

Abstract: A method for providing to a consumer a visualization of the effectiveness of coloured stain removal of a cleaning composition on a substrate comprising the steps of: providing a first substrate having a first coloured stain, treating the first coloured stain with a first cleaning composition formulated to generate a foam, allowing the generated foam to act on the first coloured stain, and allowing the consumer to visually assess effectiveness of coloured stain removal of the first cleaning composition.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure include methods and apparatuses for monitoring fluid properties relating to a medical device's cleanliness. In embodiments, an apparatus for monitoring the fluid properties relating to a medical device's cleanliness comprises at least one sensor that measures a pre-cleaning parameters of a cleaning fluid and a post-cleaning parameters of the cleaning fluid, a cleaning chamber coupled to the at least one sensor, the cleaning chamber configured to receive the medical device and clean the medical device using the cleaning fluid, and a processing device coupled to the at least one sensor. The processing device is configured to: determine a cleanliness of the medical device based on a comparison between the post-cleaning parameters and the pre-cleaning parameters; and output the cleanliness of the medical device to a display device.

Abstract: A battery washing machine for automotive type vehicle batteries, comprising an enclosed wash cabinet with an overhead spray apparatus, drain racks for supporting the batteries below the spray apparatus, and a water tank beneath the drain racks. The water tank is divided into separator and recirculating supply portions by a vertical separator wall that is partly screened and partly solid. The upper end of the separator portion of the tank is covered with a screen, while the upper end of the recirculating supply portion is covered with a solid water-diverting panel. Solid contaminants are screened and/or settled out of the re-circulated wash water in the tank by the vertical separator wall.

Abstract: The invention discloses an automatic powder cleaning system for mixed-line hub bolt holes and a combined powder cleaning gun. The powder cleaning system comprises a control system, a recognition system, a powder cleaning robot, a gun storage and an accessory device. A plurality of combined powder spraying guns are arranged in the gun storage, and a quick disassembly fixture is arranged at the end of the powder cleaning robot.

Abstract: A system includes a laser configured to conduct a cleaning cycle that includes producing a laser beam capable of cleaning a faying surface of each of a plurality of nutplates, and conducting a first pass to clean each of the faying surfaces, wherein the laser is at a first position having a first angle relative to an axis orthogonal to the faying surfaces during the first pass. The system also includes a nutplate tray configured to hold the plurality of nutplates such that each faying surface is oriented such that the laser beam is capable of contacting each faying surface at least once during the cleaning cycle.

Abstract: Method for increasing the ability of at least one droplet to slide over a medium.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a substrate processing apparatus has a chamber (1), a stage (4) for holding a substrate (W) to be processed in the chamber (1), and a nozzle part (13) from which a gas cluster is blasted onto the substrate (W) to be processed, and has a function for processing the substrate (W) to be processed by the gas cluster. Cleaning of the inside of the chamber (1) is performed by: placing a prescribed reflecting member (dW, 60) in the chamber (1), blasting a gas cluster (C) onto the reflecting member (dW, 60), and applying the gas-cluster flow reflected by the reflecting member (dW, 60) onto a wall section of the chamber (1) to remove particles (P) adhered to the wall section of the chamber (1).

Abstract: The amount of consumption of a washing solution for a nozzle and the required time for washing are reduced. A nozzle washing apparatus usable for collection of a specimen comprises a washing tank which accommodates a nozzle, a first discharge port which discharges a washing solution supplied into the washing tank from an upper portion of the washing tank, a second discharge port which discharges the washing solution supplied into the washing tank from a position lower than the first discharge port of the washing tank, a detector which detects a range of contact of an outer wall of the nozzle with the specimen, and a controller which discharges the washing solution supplied into the washing tank from one of the first discharge port and the second discharge port on the basis of a detection result obtained by the detector.

Abstract: A drain cleaning cable for use with a drain cleaner. The drain cleaning cable includes an inner core having a first end and a second end, and an outer wire concentrically surrounding the inner core, where the outer wire is helically wound in a first direction to form a plurality of consecutive coils, and where the outer wire has a first end and a second end. A first connector engages with the first end of the inner core and the first end of the outer wire, where the first connector is configured to attach the drain cleaning cable to a drain cleaning element. The second end of the inner core and the second end of the outer wire are received within the drain cleaner.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cleaning device for the dry cleaning of a tunnel, comprising a feeding device for feeding a flow of air to a surface being cleaned, wherein the feeding device has an exit opening, through which the flow of air emerges from the feeding device, and a removal device comprising at least one removal pipe with a free end with an opening for suctioning away direct or trash from the surface with the opening of the free end in a first direction. The feeding device is arranged such that the flow of air from the exit opening emerges from the feeding device in a second direction toward the opening of the free end of the removal pipe and impinges on the surface. The first direction is oriented at an angle between 45° and 80° to the second direction.

Abstract: Provided are methods and systems for cleaning various semiconductor substrate storage articles, in particular, FOUP doors. The FOUP doors and other similar articles often have openings that may get contaminated with cleaning liquids if not covered. The described cleaning system includes contact points for engaging the article and covering these openings. The contact points may be also used for supporting the article and for pressurizing the openings in the article with a gas. The gas may be supplied through one or more contact points. It prevents liquids from getting into the openings if even the openings are not completely sealed. The pressurization may be maintained through the entire wet portion of the cleaning process. The article may be rotated within the cleaning system while cleaning and/or other liquids or gases are dispensed through a set of spraying nozzles. Spraying nozzles may move to enhance cleaning of the article.

Abstract: Embodiments of portable and compact welding fume extractor systems are disclosed. One embodiment of a welding fume extractor system includes a rechargeable battery pack, a controller/user interface configured to control operation of the system and allow a user to interact with the system, a filter housing having at least one filter configured to extract welding fume particles from a stream of air forced through the filter housing, and a fan/blower assembly configured to force the stream of air through the filter housing. The rechargeable battery pack is configured to provide electrical power to at least the fan/blower assembly and the controller/user interface. Furthermore, the system is configured to be worn on the back of a human welder.

Abstract: A straightening system and a straightening method are provided to perform straightening in conformity with the shape pattern of a material, the straightening system comprising: a cooling device configured to spray a cooling fluid in a predetermined pattern with respect to a plurality of regions of a material, divided in a width direction, to cool the material that is heated in a heating furnace and then passes through a rolling mill; a straightening device configured to straighten the material passed through the cooling device; a flatness measuring system configured to measure flatness of the material passed through the cooling device; and a controller configured to receive data of the flatness of the material from the flatness measuring system and to control the cooling device in response to the data to enhance the flatness of the material.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a cup-shaped aluminum-magnesium-alloy article by rotary extrusion, including the following steps. (1) Blanking. (2) Performing rotary extrusion: placing a cylindrical billet into a concave die cavity, wherein a peripheral wall of the cavity of the concave die is provided with at least two symmetrical axial grooves; inserting a convex die into the concave die cavity, wherein an end of a working region of the convex die is provided with a groove of a trapezoidal cross section; subjecting the convex die to forward extrusion and heating, and simultaneously rotating and heating the concave die, wherein an integral torque is formed during the extrusion process of the convex die by using the cylindrical billet inside the groove having a trapezoidal cross section, and wherein a synchronized rotation with the concave die is achieved by using a metallic billet that flows into the axial groove. (3) Demolding.

Abstract: A special-purpose die for shaping an aluminum-magnesium alloy by rotating extrusion is provided, including a male die and a female die, wherein a trapezoidally-sectioned groove is formed at an end portion of a working area of the male die, an inner portion of the male die is hollow, with the hollow inner portion having sections of equal area, a circumferential wall of a die cavity of the female die is provided with at least two symmetrical axial grooves, and a cavity is formed inside a clamping part of the female die. The present disclosure remarkably reduces the axial extrusion force such that the deformation of the formed workpiece is more uniform, which greatly improves the mechanical property of the formed workpiece.

Abstract: A press (1) for the extrusion of non-ferrous metal section bars comprising a shear (2), an adjustment mechanism of the shear (3) and a matrix. Said shear (2) is adapted to perform both horizontal and vertical movements of the press (1) to adjust the correct distance between a blade (21) of the shear (2) and the matrix (11) of the press (1).

Abstract: A roll feeder is usable to intermittently feed a coiled material. The roll feeder includes a paired first roll and second roll, a meandering detector, a pressing component, and a controller. The paired first roll and second roll are disposed so as to clamp the coiled material. The paired first roll and second roll are configured to feed the coiled material in a conveyance direction. The meandering detector is configured to detect meandering of the coiled material from a specific conveyance position in a width direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction of the coiled material. The pressing component is configured to press the first roll against the coiled material being conveyed. The controller is configured to control the pressing component so as to correct the meandering based on detection by the meandering detector.

Abstract: A method for processing a pair of spectacles having a metal sheet wrapping the surface of an acetate sheet including, cutting a 4.0 acetate sheet; softening the cut acetate sheet through baking, and tapping a steel needle into the acetate sheet; cutting out grooves in the two sides of the acetate sheet, and clamping metal fittings on the acetate sheet; mounting an upper die and a lower die on a 15-ton hydraulic press; clamping a metal material in the grooves formed in the acetate sheet, sleeving the metal material and the acetate sheet in a middle pressing die, and heating the metal material and the acetate sheet sleeved by the middle pressing die in an oven; and, baking the acetate sheet in a sealed oven.

Abstract: This invention relates to a wedge drive 1 for converting a vertical press force into a horizontal linear working movement, the wedge drive 1 comprising a slider element 2, a driver element 4 and a slider element receptacle 3, wherein the slider element 2 is placed vertically between the driver element 4 and the slider element receptacle 3, wherein the slider element 2 and the slider element receptacle 3 are designed as two guiding elements 2, 3 on which a sliding plate formation 5, 6, 7 is placed, wherein the sliding plate formation is surrounded by a guiding device that is designed for the linear guiding of the slider element 2 along the slider element receptacle 3 in a sliding direction X.

Abstract: A rail system. The rail system includes an upper rail member, a lower rail member and a plurality of balusters. The upper rail member, lower rail member and balusters secure together and to a support structure to form the rail system. The support structure may include columns, newels, walls and the like. The upper and lower rail members each include a cap that snaps onto a rail support. Fasteners may fasten the balusters directly to an upper rail support. Fasteners may further fasten the balusters directly to a lower cap.

Abstract: A roll feeder is usable to convey a hoop material to a pressing machine. The roll feeder includes a paired first roll and second roll configured to be disposed so as to clamp the hoop material and feed the hoop material along a conveyance direction, a motor configured to drive at least one of the first roll and the second roll, and a controller configured to control drive of the motor. The controller includes a process drive instruction component configured to drive the motor so as to feed the hoop material to a pressing machine side in between one press working and next press working, and a working drive instruction component configured to drive the motor so as to feed the hoop material to the pressing machine side during press working.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a heat dissipation device is disclosed. The heat dissipation device manufactured with the method includes two titanium metal sheets, which are subjected to a heat treatment before undergoing mechanical processing, plastic working and surface modification. With these arrangements, the titanium metal sheets can be freely plastically deformed and possess a capillary force, and can therefore be used in place of the conventional copper material to serve as a material for making heat dissipation devices, and the heat dissipation devices so produced can have largely reduced weight and largely improved heat dissipation performance.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing reinforced steel structural components is described. The method comprises providing a steel blank, selecting one or more reinforcement zones of the steel blank, locally depositing a material on the reinforcement zone to create a local reinforcement on a first side of the steel blank. Locally depositing a material on the reinforcement zone comprises supplying a reinforcement material to the selected reinforcement zone, and substantially simultaneously applying laser heating to melt the reinforcement material and a portion of the steel blank to mix the melted reinforcement material with the melted portion of the steel blank. The method further comprises forming the steel blank with the locally deposited material to shape the reinforced steel structural component. The disclosure further relates to reinforced components obtained using such methods and tools used in such methods.

Abstract: The present invention relates to machines, systems and processes for feeding longitudinal wires (2) for mesh (6) production. Welding of longitudinal wires (2) with transverse wires (4) at welding unit (57) produces mesh (6). Longitudinal wires (2) are controllably rotated around their longitudinal axes to selected angles, and restrained until their welding with transverse wires (4), thus negating effects of residual curvature from roller straightener (36) and resulting in mesh (6) produced planar with distortion stresses effectively neutralized. A wire collector (79) releases a first longitudinal wire (2) for guided travel laterally to a receptacle (45). A rotator unit (71) simultaneously controllably rotates this wire, while the collector (79) simultaneously receives the length of the next longitudinal wire. Particular rotator units (71) facilitate such operation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nanoparticle based sand conditioner composition a method of synthesizing the same. The composition comprises the raw material compound RM 1, RM 2, RM 3 and RM 4. The RM1 comprises of carbonaceous material, hydrocarbons, ultrafine metal/metal oxide and ceramic oxide nanoparticles and metallic wires. The RM 2 comprises natural carbon source. The RM 3 comprises synthetic/non-renewable carbon source. The RM 4 comprises hydrocarbons. The method of synthesizing nanoparticle based sand conditioner comprises mixing RM 2 and RM 4 in a mixer for 10 minutes for coating RM 2 with RM 4 to obtain an intermediate product. The RM 1 and RM 3 are added to intermediate product in a mixer and mixed for 10 minutes to get a uniform/homogeneous mixture which is cooled to obtain a sand conditioner composition impregnated with nanoparticles into carbon.

Abstract: A cast-iron casting, method for manufacturing a cast-iron casting, and equipment for manufacturing a cast-iron casting, which are capable of performing a plating or enameling treatment without defects on a surface of the cast-iron casting, regardless of its specifications, without decreasing productivity or increasing manufacturing costs. A mold is molded by decompressing molding sand, and a melt is poured into the mold. The inside of the mold is decompressed until the temperature of a casting formed by the melt falls to or below an A1 transformation point. The equipment includes: at least one mold; a frame feed device that moves the mold; at least one fixed suction device that decompresses the inside of the mold when stopped; at least one movable suction device that moves while decompressing the inside of the mold when the mold is moving; and a temperature sensor that measures the product surface temperature of the casting.

Abstract: A plunger for strengthening spoke root R angle cooling. A plunger main body is step-shaped and provided with a blind hole, and vent holes are uniformly distributed around the blind hole; an annular groove is formed in the plunger main body, and connects the blind hole with the vent holes; air outlet pipes are inserted into the blind hole, the distance between the air outlet pipes and the bottom of the blind hole is 1-1.5 times the radius of the blind hole, an annular air pipe connects the air inlet pipe with the air outlet pipes and distributes cooling air entering from an air inlet pipe to each air outlet pipe, and the diameter of the air inlet pipe is not smaller than two times that of the air outlet pipe.

Abstract: The invention provides an Fe-based amorphous alloy ribbon having a thickness of from 10 ?m to 30 ?m, in which a roughness curve of a central part in a ribbon width direction of the free solidified surface satisfies Rp?3.0, Rv?3.0, 7?Pn?30, 7?Vn?30, 0.9?(VA/PA)<1.4, and the like, the roughness curve being measured according to JIS B 0601: 2013 by applying 20 mm in a ribbon length direction as a reference length and taking 0.8 mm as a cut-off value. Rp represents a maximum profile peak height (?m), Rv represents a maximum profile valley depth (?m), Pn represents a number of profile peaks having a height of from 0.5 ?m to 3.0 ?m, Vn represents a number of profile valleys having a depth of from 0.5 ?m to 3.0 ?m, PA represents an average of heights of five profile peaks from a highest profile peak to a fifth highest profile peak, and VA represents an average of depths of five profile valleys from a deepest profile valley to a fifth deepest profile valley.

Abstract: Production plant of metal rods, casting machine, casting process and control method of at least three electromagnetic stirrer devices, wherein one provides at least one phase of switching between two operating configurations of the electromagnetic stirrer devices of which a first operating configuration with the generation of a rotating electromagnetic field inducing in the metallic material in the molten state a rotational motion and a second operating configuration with the generation of a linear electromagnetic field inducing in the metallic material in the molten state a linear motion.

Abstract: A die casting apparatus for manufacturing metal parts for automotive vehicle applications is provided. The die casting apparatus includes upper and lower dies presenting forming surfaces and a mold cavity therebetween. A replaceable insert and sub-inserts provide portions of the forming surfaces of the dies in areas most prone to wear and erosion. The replaceable inserts and sub-inserts can be removed and replaced during high volume production, without having to replace the entire die. A wear and/or heat resistant coating can be applied to the inserts and sub-inserts to further increase service life. A plurality of cooling channels can also be formed in the inserts and sub-inserts to improve cycle time and quality of the parts.