Abstract: This invention relates to a powder composition used for the fabrication of casting inserts, designed to produce local composite zones resistant to abrasive wear. The composite zones are reinforced with carbides and borides or with mixtures thereof formed in situ in castings. The powder includes powder reactants of the formation of carbides and/or borides selected from the group of TiC, WC, ZrC, NbC, TaC, TiB2, ZrB2, or mixtures thereof. The carbides and/or borides forming after crystallization particles reinforcing the composite zones in castings. The powder composition further includes moderator powders in the form of a mixture of metal powders, which after crystallization form matrix of the composite zone in casting.

Abstract: A sand shell-moulding method for the production of a part for use in the automotive and aeronautics fields, in which: a metal or alloy is poured into the shell mould in order to produce a part; the shell is forcibly and rapidly cooled; and an operation of decoring of the part is realized.

Abstract: A method of processing a powdered feedstock to form a fabricated component is provided. The fabricated component includes a plurality of grains having a nominal grain size. The method includes providing the powdered feedstock material having a population of phase particulates with a first nominal size distribution disposed within a host matrix material. The method includes building a consolidated component from the powdered feedstock material in an additive manufacturing process, and fabricating the fabricated component from the consolidated component. The first nominal size distribution of the population of phase particulates is sized such that at least a portion of the population of phase particulates persists throughout the additive manufacturing process and is present as a processed population of phase particulates in the consolidated component.

Abstract: Powder particles for forming a homogeneous green body having a sufficient strength and a process for producing a green body by using the powder particles. A green body is shaped by using powder particles of composite particles in which thermoplastic resin particles are scattered on surfaces of large particles in an amount within a predetermined volume ratio range with respect to the large particles, and loaded to form resin pools in contact point peripheral areas of adjoining ones of the large particles and form voids in areas other than the contact point peripheral areas when the thermoplastic resin particles are melted. A green body packed with the powder particles each having a small amount of the thermoplastic resin particles attached thereon is placed under a melting condition of the thermoplastic resin particles, the thermoplastic resin is melted and gathers around contact points (or proximal points) of the adjoining powder particles.

Abstract: A molding material is provided which, despite containing a ceramic, enables efficient molding for producing high-density molded articles. The present invention provides a molding material to be used in powder laminate molding. This molding material contains a first powder which contains a ceramic, and a second powder which contains a metal. Further the first powder and the second powder are bonded by sintering to configure granulated sintered particles. The granule strength of the granulated sintered particles is greater than 1 MPa and less than 10,000 MPa.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing three-dimensional parts by means of a controllable particulate material roll.

Abstract: A heating method is described. A plurality of flux concentrators and at least one part may be held in proximity to one another. One or more alternating electric current may be generated to generate a plurality of alternating magnetic fields by the respective flux concentrators.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatuses for chemical vapor deposition (CVD) during additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Such methods and apparatuses can be used to embed chemical signatures into manufactured objects, and such embedded chemical signatures may find use in anti-counterfeiting operations and in manufacture of objects with multiple materials.

Abstract: A contained radiation power metering system for measuring power of a radiation source of an additive manufacturing machine includes a base configured to fit within the additive manufacturing machine, a radiation sensor connected to the base and configured to receive radiation from the radiation source and output a radiation power signal, and a wireless module disposed on the base configured to receive the radiation power signal and transmit the radiation power signal from the system to a separate wireless receiver.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system includes a platform, a dispenser to dispense a plurality of layers of feed material on a top surface of the platform, a light source to generate three light beams, a first polygon mirror scanner, a galvo mirror scanner, and a second polygon mirror scanner configured to direct the first, second and third light beams, respectively, to impinge the layer of the feed material on the platform, and a controller. The controller is configured to cause the light source and first and second polygon mirror scanners to apply the first light beam to a region of the layer of feed material, and to cause the light source and galvo mirror scanner to apply the second light beam to at least a portion of the region of the layer of feed material.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacturing includes storing a plurality of predetermined cell processing recipes, dispensing a layer of a plurality of successive layers of feed material on a platform, receiving data describing an area of the layer of the feed material to fuse, determining a combination of a plurality of non-overlapping cells that substantially cover the area, and sequentially processing the plurality of cells. Each cell processing recipe includes scan path data indicating a path for an energy beam to follow, and different cell processing recipes having different paths for the energy beam. Each cell of the plurality of cells gets an associated cell processing recipe selected from the plurality of predetermined cell processing recipes. Each cell is processed by causing an energy beam to follow the first path for the cell processing recipe associated with the cell.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to a method for welding a workpiece comprising the steps of: making a first weld at a first position on said workpiece with a high energy beam, deflecting the high energy beam with at least one deflection lens for making a second weld at a second position on said workpiece, focusing the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one focusing lens, shaping the high energy beam on said workpiece with at least one astigmatism lens so that the shape of the high energy beam on said workpiece is longer in a direction parallel to a deflection direction of said high energy beam than in a direction perpendicular to said deflection direction of said high energy beam. The invention is also related to the use of an astigmatism lens and to a method for forming a three dimensional article.

Abstract: A device for fabricating a three-dimensional part by selectively melting a powder bed, the device including a first tank for containing a first powder and provided with a first powder dispenser valve, a second tank for containing a second different powder and provided with a second powder dispenser valve, a first and a second monitoring device for monitoring the quantity of first powder delivered by the first valve and the quantity of second powder delivered by the second valve, a mixer chamber in communication with the first and second valves and including a third powder dispenser valve, and a mixer for mixing the powder particles in the chamber, a support for receiving the powder delivered by the third valve and on which the parts is to be fabricated, a powder spreader for spreading powder on the support, and a heater member for locally melting the powder spread on the support.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally relates to methods and apparatuses for laser shock peening during additive manufacturing (AM) processes. Such methods and apparatuses can be used to embed microstructural and/or physical signatures into manufactured objects, and such embedded chemical signatures may find use in anti-counterfeiting operations and in manufacture of objects with multiple materials.

Abstract: A composite material includes a first metallic material component and a second metallic material component. The first material component is different from the second material component. The second material component is mixed with the first material component.

Abstract: An automatic lathe includes a main spindle that rotates a workpiece about a shaft center, a cutting tool that processes the workpiece, a feeder that moves the cutting tool, an input receiver that receives inputs regarding an eccentric distance and a radius, and a controller that controls the movement by the feeder such as to set a virtual circle having a radius of the distance, to set an offset virtual circle having a center at a position where a center of the virtual circle is offset from the shaft center of the workpiece in the radial direction of the workpiece by the radius, and to move the cutting tool along an circumference of the offset virtual circle in relation to a rotation of the workpiece by the main spindle. A hole is processed, which has the radius at a position away from the shaft center by the distance.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a bar loader and machine tool equipped with such bar loader, wherein the machine tool includes at least one workpiece spindle configured to receive an elongated workpiece, and the bar loader apparatus comprises, for each workpiece spindle of the machine tool being configured to move in a longitudinal direction being axially arranged with respect to the spindle axis of the respective workpiece spindle, a respective associated workpiece guide channel assembly for receiving and guiding a respective one of the elongated workpieces, and each respective workpiece guide channel assembly includes a fixed guide channel portion and at least one slidable guide channel portion, the at least one slidable guide channel portion being movable into the longitudinal direction of the spindle axis of the respective associated workpiece spindle.

Abstract: A device and method for recovering and unloading bar crop ends is suitable for use with a loading apparatus for supplying bars to a machine tool. The devices includes a grasping element suitable for engaging a bar-pushing unit of the loading apparatus and a bar crop-end to be taken and unloaded. A slide element receives and conveys the bar crop ends to a collecting zone. A supporting and transferring unit transfers the grasping element from an upper position, in which it is axially aligned on the advancement trajectory of the bar-pushing unit, to a lower position in which it is near the slide element. The device further includes an ejecting unit that is drivable for penetrating the grasping element in the lower position to eject the crop end and sending the crop end, by the slide element, to the collecting zone. A method is also disclosed for recovering and unloading bar crop ends from a machine tool.

Abstract: A clamp for a tool holder is disclosed. The clamping tool holder includes a body having an insert-receiving pocket and a threaded clamp-receiving bore with a coolant opening for receiving pressurized coolant from a coolant source. A clamp includes a threaded aperture extending from a top surface to a bottom surface and coolant passages in fluid communication with a coolant header. A clamp screw is threaded into the threaded aperture of the clamp. The clamp screw includes a plurality of coolant passages in fluid communication with the coolant opening of the body, and at least one coolant channel in fluid communication with the coolant passage. Coolant from the coolant source enters the coolant opening of the body, travels into the clamp screw, travels into each coolant passage of the clamp, and then exits the clamp in a direction toward a cutting insert-workpiece interface.

Abstract: A cutting tool according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes an attaching portion, a cutting portion having a core portion and a surface portion, and a joint portion. The attaching portion includes a hard component and a hard material. The hard component is at least one selected from the group consisting of TiC, TiCN, W, WC, Al2O3, and a combination of at least one of CBN and diamond and at least one of W and WC. The hard material includes one or two or more types of iron group elements, and has a Young's modulus of not more than 350 GPa. The core portion includes a cemented carbide material. The surface portion includes PCD or CBN. The cutting portion has a chamfer portion. The surface portion includes a groove, a flank face, and a cutting edge. The cutting edge extends toward the attaching portion.

Abstract: A fluted drill comprises, in axial sequence, a body portion, and a cutting portion. The cutting portion comprises two or more cutting edges, with each cutting edge extending from a distal end of the cutting portion, along the cutting portion towards the body portion, to the body portion. Each cutting edge has a first rake angle at the distal end of the cutting portion, progressively increasing to a third rake angle at a proximal end of the cutting portion. Each cutting edge has a first uncut chip thickness at the distal end of the cutting portion, progressively decreasing to a third uncut chip thickness at the proximal end of the cutting portion.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a cutting tool includes a base member and a coating layer located on a surface of the base member. The coating layer includes a lower layer, an upper layer, and an intermediate layer located between the lower layer and the upper layer. The intermediate layer includes a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The first layer contains TiCx1Ny1Oz1 (0?x1<1, 0?y1<1, 0<z1<1, and x1+1+z1=1). The second layer contains TiCx2Ny2Oz2 (0?x2<1, 0?y2<1, 0<z2<1, and x2+y2+z2=1). The third layer is located between the first layer and the second layer, and contains TiCx3Ny3Oz3 (0?x3<1, 0?y3<1, 0?z3<1, and x3+y3+z3=1). Here, z1>z3 and z2>z3.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool is provided which has improved wear resistance and fracture resistance and which accordingly has a long tool life. A coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating layer formed on the substrate, wherein: the coating layer comprises at least one composite compound layer containing a compound having a composition represented by (Ti1-xMox)N (wherein x denotes an atomic ratio of the Mo element based on a total of the Ti element and the Mo element and satisfies 0.01?x?0.30); a ratio I(200)/I(111) between a peak intensity I(111) for a (111) plane of cubic crystals of the composite compound layer and a peak intensity I(200) for a (200) plane of the cubic crystals in an X-ray diffraction analysis satisfies 1<I(200)/I(111)?20; and, as to particles which constitute the composite compound layer, an area ratio of particles each having an aspect ratio of 2 or more is 50% or higher.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chuck having a sleeve, a chuck body, a plurality of chuck jaws, an adjusting mechanism configured to adjust relative movement between the chuck jaws and the chuck body, at least one locating member and a pushing mechanism. The locating member is disposed on the chuck body between the adjacent chuck jaws. When the adjusting mechanism drives the chuck jaws to approach to each other relative to the longitudinal axis, the pushing mechanism pushes the locating member to move towards the longitudinal axis. When the adjusting mechanism drives the chuck jaws to move away from each other relative to the longitudinal axis, the pushing mechanism pushes the locating member to move away from the longitudinal axis. Therefore, the operation is more convenient and safer; the aligning effect is precise and reliable, and the pre-tightening force is stable.

Abstract: A chuck apparatus for the fastening to a working spindle (2) of a tool machine, with a chuck body (8) comprising a receptacle (7) for the working spindle (2), with at least two chuck jaws (9) which can be adjusted radially to the body axis, and with a drive ring (10), for whose rotation taking place in the circumferential direction a drive (11) is provided, comprising a structure is formed on the drive ring (10) on its outer circumference or its inner circumference for each chuck jaw (9) and which serves for its adjusting. The invention furthermore relates to a rapid replacement system (1) with the chuck apparatus (3) as a base flange (4) and with a replacement flange (5).

Abstract: A device for the precise angular positioning of tool-holders suitable for CNC machines, in particular tool-holders (10) motorised or non-motorised, comprising a front part (12) and an opposite rear part (14) and suitable to perform angular machining on multi-spindle and single-spindle CNC lathes, on transfer machines, milling centres and machine tools which perform machining by chip removal, comprises a plug (18) cooperating with a pair of pins (28), (30) arranged orthogonally relative to said plug and adjustable in rotation. Each of the pins (28), (30) comprises an offset cylindrical central portion (32), forming a cam which, by rotating, interacts with said pins to achieve said precise angular positioning of the tool-holders (10).

Abstract: An adapter sleeve is described for inserting into an expansion chuck of a cutting device with a substantially cylindrical body that defines a longitudinal axis (L) of the adapter sleeve and a seat area for a cutting tool. The body comprises an axial front end and an axial rear end opposite the front end by means of which the adapter sleeve can be inserted into the expansion chuck of the cutting device. An outlet element is provided at the axial front end through which a coolant can be discharged toward the cutting tool. At least one cooling line extends along the body up to the outlet element and comprises a body line section and an outlet element section. At least one channel-like outlet nozzle is formed in the outlet element and is in fluidic connection with the at least one cooling line. The flow cross-section of the cooling line decreases or remains the same toward the axial front end. In addition, a cutting device is described.

Abstract: A drill assembly and method is provided for enlarging an injector of a reactor. The drill assembly includes an elongated shaft attached to a piloted drill bit including a pilot portion distal from and extending colinearly with the elongated shaft and a cutting portion proximal the elongated shaft and positioned between the pilot portion and the elongated shaft, wherein the cutting portion includes at least one cutting edge extending radially from a center axis of rotation beyond an outer surface of the pilot portion; and a drive device adapted to rotate the elongated shaft about the axis of rotation. The method includes inserting the pilot portion into an injector; and cutting away a portion of an inner surface of the injector with the cutting portion.

Abstract: A drilling tool for a punch device, in particular for a turret punch device, comprises a housing, a tool shank arranged in the housing with a drilling means accommodated therein and a tool head arranged on the tool shaft to interact with the punch device. The tool head of the drilling tool has a ram engagement portion configured to transmit a rotational movement about a tool longitudinal axis from an external drive to the tool head.

Abstract: A rotating cutting tool that is internally cooled by cryogenic coolant, the rotating cutting tool has a cylindrical body including: a central bore that extends along a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical body; a plurality of cold flow delivery paths formed from radial bores that fluidly communicate with and extend radially-outwardly from the central bore; longitudinal grooves that are formed along an outer surface of the cylindrical body extending along the longitudinal axis and fluidly communicating with the radial bores; a bushing having an inner diameter closely conforming to the outer surface of the cylindrical body allowing the bushing to concentrically fit over the cylindrical body and the longitudinal grooves to form longitudinal passageways extending from the radial bores to one or more exhaust ports formed in the bushing proximate a rear face of the cylindrical body; and a plurality of flutes for cutting a workpiece each having a cutting edge formed from the bushing.

Abstract: A guide 2 for a burr cutter 34, the guide 2 comprising: a body portion 4 having first and second guide surfaces 12a, 12b which are spaced from one another to define a slot 14 between the first and second guide surfaces 12a, 12b; a bearing 32a, 32b for rotatably mounting the body portion 4 to a shank 38 of the burr cutter 34 with a cutting head 36 of the burr cutter 34 adjacent the slot 14; wherein the first and second guide surfaces 12a, 12b and the bearing 32a, 32b are positioned relative to one another such that the first and second guide surfaces 12a, 12b are tangential to the cutting head 36 of the burr cutter 34.

Abstract: A manufacturing method of a metal member includes performing first shaving on a first surface perpendicular to a thickness direction of a metal plate, in a first portion of the metal plate by moving a cutting edge in a direction along the first surface. In the metal plate, the thickness of the first portion is reduced to be smaller than the thickness of a second portion by the first shaving.

Abstract: An attachable and extendable saw and methods for cutting objects with the attachable and extendable saw are provided. The attachable and extendable saw can include a blade housing coupled to a main body. The blade housing at least partially covers a saw blade and the extendable member can be configured to move the saw blade with or without the blade housing between a retracted position and an extended position relative to the main body. The extendable saw can also include means to drive the saw blade, means to drive the extendable member, and means for attaching the attachable and extendable saw to the objects to be cut.

Abstract: A circular saw machine capable of suppressing a cutting-bending of a circular saw blade during cutting, and improving processing accuracy for a cutting surface of a workpiece, regardless of a size of a width of the workpiece. A circular saw machine has: a processing head capable of moving in a cutting direction and its opposite direction and having a circular saw blade capable of rotating; and a movable saw blade guide set provided to be movable in the cutting direction and the opposite direction on the processing head, for guiding to pinch a body part of the circular saw blade on a diameter direction inner side of a cutting region in the circular saw blade. The movable saw blade guide set is configured to move relatively with respect to the processing head in the opposite direction, in coordination with a movement in the cutting direction of said processing head.

Abstract: A power tool includes a housing and a support arm extending from the housing and defining a longitudinal axis. The support arm includes a first arm portion coupled to the housing and a second arm portion coupled to the first arm portion. The power tool further includes a drive pulley coupled to the first arm portion. The drive pulley defines a first axis. A driven pulley is coupled to the second arm portion and defines a second axis spaced from the first axis. A synchronous belt connects the drive pulley and the driven pulley. The second arm portion is movable relative to the first arm portion between a first configuration and a second configuration offset 180 degrees from the first configuration about the longitudinal axis. A distance between the first axis and the second axis is substantially the same in both the first configuration and the second configuration.

Abstract: A panel saw is disclosed. The panel saw may include a support element, a frame, a movable saw, and a channel. The support element may support a bottom edge of a panel. The frame may support a face of the panel. The movable saw may cut the panel from a top edge of the panel to the bottom edge. The channel may be in the frame, behind the movable saw, and open toward the face of the panel. The bottommost portion of the channel may include a vacuum connection. The topmost portion of the channel may be open such that when a vacuum source is coupled with the vacuum connection, and the face of the panel is supported by the frame, air moves through the channel from the topmost portion to the vacuum connection.

Abstract: There is provided a manufacturing method of a band saw blade, including: (a) a step of forming a plurality of saw tooth mounts equipped with cutting blade portions at tip end parts, on a band shaped member at appropriate intervals; and (b) a step of carrying out a chamfering processing by a material removing processing method, on both side edges of a tooth bottom surface in a garret portion formed between respective ones of said saw tooth mounts. By this, there is provided a band saw blade having a plurality of saw tooth mounts equipped with cutting blade portions at tip end parts, on a band shaped member at appropriate intervals, wherein both side edges of a tooth bottom surface in a garret portion formed between respective ones of said saw tooth mounts are chamfering processed by a material removing processing method.

Abstract: A tire rasp blade for a buffing machine including least three arc segments of buffing leading edges with coarse and fine pitches with variable segment angles are arranged in between the terminal ends, to form arcuate working end with a working end angle. The first arc segment is defined by a coarse pitch and is arranged at one terminal end followed by an arrangement of second and third arc segments that are defined by an incremental fine pitch.

Abstract: A wire electrical discharge machining system includes: an electrode motion control unit for moving a wire electrode while keeping the wire electrode parallel to Z1-axis and bring the wire electrode into contact with a reference piece, and moving the wire electrode while keeping the wire electrode inclined with respect to the Z1-axis and bring the wire electrode into contact with the reference piece; an electrode position acquiring unit for acquiring a position of the wire electrode in an X1Y1Z1 orthogonal coordinate system when the wire electrode touches the reference piece; a piece position acquiring unit for acquiring a piece position of the reference piece in an X2Y2Z2 orthogonal coordinate system when the wire electrode touches the reference piece; and a relative positional relationship calculator for calculating a coordinate system relative positional relationship, based on the acquired positions.

Abstract: A method of cutting openings in flat, concave, convex, and converging surfaces, in which the geometry of the outline of the element to be welded into the workpiece is measured, while subsequently an electronic control unit of the device uses the measurement data to plot the path of the cutting tool, and the IMCM device is placed onto the work surface, where the geometry of the work surface is measured using a scanning system, cutting parameters are automatically entered into the control unit based on the measurement results, the surface is heated and cut along the selected path, the cut-out part of the surface is removed, and the edges of the cut-out opening are grinded.

Abstract: The present invention provides a consumable electrode type gas shield arc welding method for performing arc welding of two steel sheets using a welding torch having a consumable electrode. The consumable electrode type gas shield arc welding method includes performing arc welding while a shielding gas having an oxygen potential a which is indicated by the following Expression (1) and ranges from 1.5% to 5% is supplied from the welding torch toward the consumable electrode, and blowing an oxidation promotion gas having an oxygen potential ? which is indicated by the following Expression (2) and ranges from 15% to 50% at a flow velocity ranging from 1 to 3 m/sec over a weld bead and a weld toe portion which are formed by arc welding and are in a state of 700° C.

Abstract: A contact device for a welding apparatus is disclosed. The contact device for feeding current to at least a first welding wire and a second welding wire. The contact device including first and second contact jaws. The first and second contact jaws including a slot formed therein to provide the first and second contact jaws with improved flexibility to individually and independently flex about the first and second welding wires to ensure proper contact is maintained between the contact jaws and the welding wire.

Abstract: A contact device for feeding current to one or more welding wires in a welding apparatus includes a split tip nozzle having first and second diametrically opposed slots formed therein and a biasing means for supplying an adjustable biasing force to first and second split tips to bias the first and second split tips together to ensure that a desired contact between the split tip nozzle and the one or more welding wires is maintained throughout the lifecycle of the nozzle. The biasing force may be applied by any means including, for example, a compression ring, interaction of tapered surfaces between the tube and the split tip nozzle, a compression or cylinder spring pre-mounted on the first and second split tips, a tensioning screw, etc.

Abstract: A diffuser insert is provided for use with a welding diffuser and contact tip assembly comprising a diffuser with an interior chamber configured to receive a wire conduit that supplies electrode wire and a shielding gas used during a welding operation and a contact tip coupled to the diffuser and configured to receive electrode wire. The diffuser insert comprises a diffuser insert body configured to be disposed within the interior chamber of the diffuser, and further comprises an insert bore extending therethrough configured to receive electrode wire. An outer periphery of the diffuser insert has at least one surface feature configured to manipulate a flow of said shielding gas from within said interior chamber of the diffuser and out of exit passages to thereby direct said flow of shielding gas about a molten welding puddle formed during a welding operation.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, a pair of removing members (5) are provided to be able to move toward and away from each other. Each of the removing members (5) includes a nail (5A, 5B) capable of being inserted into a gap (S1) between a large diameter portion (11a) and an electrode tip (12), and a protrusion (54) extending in a direction intersecting with a direction of insertion of the nail (5A, 5B) into the gap. The protrusions (54) of one and the other one of the removing members (5) are axially supported respectively by first and second support portions (81a, 81b) provided on one end of an arm member (8). The first support portion (81a) is in the shape of a groove that is shaped to be gradually closer to the other one of the removing members as progressing toward the other end of the arm member (8).

Abstract: The invention relates to a spot welding cap changer (1) with a cap puller (2) and two cap magazines (3, 3A), the cap puller (2) having a gripper (20) with spring-loaded, pivotable jaws (21, 22), which in response to a turning and axial pulling-off movement detaches a spot welding cap (K) of a pincer spot welding head introduced into it from a shaft of the pincer welding head in such a way that it is clamped to prevent it twisting, and the cap magazines (3, 3A) holding spot welding caps respectively in a round cap carrier (31) such that they are circularly arranged in a directed and oriented manner and are respectively transported individually one after the other into an access position against a stop (32) by an advancing force (P).

Abstract: A repair method that includes covering a damaged part of a member to be repaired with a repair material, and heating the repair material to a predetermined temperature to form an alloy layer. At least the surface of the member to be repaired is a first metal such as Cu. The repair material includes a second metal such as Sn. By the heating, the surface of the member to be repaired is integrally joined with a layer of an intermetallic compound and an alloy having a melting point higher than a melting point of either of the first metal or the second metal.

Abstract: A method for operating an ultrasonic wire bonder. The ultrasonic wire bonder has a bonding head with a bonding tool and with a transducer for exciting ultrasonic vibrations in the bonding tool and a controller (2) for the transducer (1). In a first process phase I a bonding wire is bonded to a substrate. The bonding wire is pressed against the substrate with a bonding force via a tool tip of the bonding tool, and the bonding tool is then excited so as to undergo ultrasonic vibrations in order to produce a bond between the bonding wire and the substrate, the transducer (1) being excited so as to vibrate for a specified or variable bonding time. In a second process phase II, the actuation of the transducer (1) is changed and reverberations of the bonding tool are counteracted, the transducer (1) being operated in a damped manner.

Abstract: An ultrasonic bonding method includes: stacking a metal plate and a base material; pressing the metal plate to the base material by an ultrasonic bonding jig; forming a plurality of recessed portions, a flat portion among recessed portions, and an annular flat portion on the metal plate by the ultrasonic bonding jig, the flat portion among recessed portions being disposed among the plurality of recessed portions, the annular flat portion surrounding the plurality of recessed portions; and vibrating the ultrasonic bonding jig while the ultrasonic bonding jig presses the metal plate.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has a surface treatment portion on a piston base material at a piston crown surface, the surface treatment portion including, along the direction of depth from the surface side, a first layer that is comprised of a layer of a first metal or a layer containing the first metal, a second layer that contains both a second metal containing oxygen or an oxide of the second metal and a low-thermal-conductivity material, and a third layer that is comprised of a mixture of a third metal and the low-thermal-conductivity material.