Abstract: A number of variations may include a ferritically nitrocarburized vehicle component comprising a compound zone and a friction surface at an outer edge of the compound zone wherein the friction surface is configured for engagement with a corresponding friction material, and wherein the compound zone comprises a nitride layer comprising epsilion iron nitride, Fe3N and gamma prime iron nitride Fe4N.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a surface-coated cubic boron nitride sintered material tool including a cBN substrate and a hard coating layer formed on a surface of the cBN substrate and having an alternate laminated structure of A layer and B layer. The cBN substrate (sintered material) includes: a Ti compound, WC, AlN, TiB2, Al2O3, and cBN. The A layer has a composition of (Ti1-xAlx)N (0.4?x?0.7 in terms of atomic ratio). The B layer has a composition of (Cr1-y-zAlyMz)N (0.03?y?0.4 and 0?z?0.05 in terms of atomic ratio). A plastic deformation work ratio of the B layer is 0.35 to 0.50.

Abstract: The disclosure discloses an evaporation apparatus, an evaporation equipment, and an evaporation method of a display substrate, the evaporation apparatus of a display substrate includes an evaporation source, a regulation mechanism, and a mask plate; the regulation mechanism may filter the evaporation particles having an incident angle a of the evaporation source smaller than or equal to a predetermined incident angle. The disclosure can effectively reduce the shadow pattern generated during the evaporation process.

Abstract: A method of producing gallium-doped zinc oxide films with enhanced conductivity. The method includes depositing a gallium-doped zinc oxide film on a substrate using a pulsed laser and subjecting the deposited gallium-dope zinc oxide film to a post-treatment effecting recrystallization in the deposited film, wherein the recrystallization enhances the conductivity of the film. Another method of producing gallium-doped zinc oxide films with enhanced conductivity. The method includes the steps of depositing a gallium-doped zinc oxide film on a substrate using a pulsed laser and subjecting the deposited gallium-dope zinc oxide film to an ultraviolet laser beam resulting in recrystallization in the film, wherein the recrystallization enhances the conductivity of the film. A film comprising gallium-doped zinc oxide wherein the film contains a recrystallized grain structure on its surface.

Abstract: Methods of depositing low resistivity tungsten nucleation layers using alkyl borane reducing agents are described. Alkyl borane reducing agents utilized include compounds with the general formula BR3, where R is a C1-C6 alkyl group. Apparatus for performing atomic layer deposition of tungsten nucleation layers using alkyl borane reducing agents are also described.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for forming a low refractive index layer on a substrate. The method generally includes (a) applying a block copolymer layer on a substrate, the block copolymer including a polar polymeric block and a non-polar polymeric block; (b) swelling the block copolymer layer with a solvent to increase the block copolymer layer thickness; (c) depositing a metal oxide or metalloid oxide layer on polar polymeric blocks of the block copolymer layer; and (d) removing the block copolymer layer from the substrate, thereby forming a porous metal oxide or metalloid oxide layer on the substrate.

Abstract: Described herein are compositions and methods using same for forming a silicon-containing film such as without limitation a silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, a carbon-doped silicon nitride, or a carbon-doped silicon oxide film on at least a surface of a substrate having a surface feature. In one aspect, the composition comprises at least one compound is selected from the group consisting of a siloxane, an trisilylamine-based compound, an organoaminodisilane compound, and a cyclic trisilazane compound.

Abstract: Provided is a technique capable of suppressing the occurrence of by-products by suppressing adhesion of the by-products. A substrate processing apparatus includes: a reaction tube where a substrate is processed; a furnace opening unit disposed at a lower end of the reaction tube and having an upper surface and an inner circumferential surface, the furnace opening unit including: a concave portion disposed on the upper surface; and a convex portion having at least one notch connecting the concave portion to the inner circumferential surface; a cover covering at least the inner circumferential surface with a predetermined gap therebetween; and a gas supply unit configured to supply a gas to the concave portion.

Abstract: There is provided a technique that includes: a process chamber accommodating a substrate support supporting substrates in multiple stages to process the substrates; a supply buffer part adjacent the process chamber; a first gas supply part installed in the supply buffer part; a second gas supply part installed in the supply buffer part; an inner wall installed between the supply buffer part and the process chamber, on which a plurality of slits are formed to correspond to the substrates; and a maintenance port disposed at a lower end of the inner wall, wherein the first gas supply part includes a first gas nozzle having a supply hole that supplies first gas into the supply buffer part.

Abstract: Passivation layers to inhibit vapor deposition can be used on reactor surfaces to minimize deposits while depositing on a substrate housed therein, or on particular substrate surfaces, such as metallic surfaces on semiconductor substrates to facilitate selective deposition on adjacent dielectric surfaces. Passivation agents that are smaller than typical self-assembled monolayer precursors can have hydrophobic or non-reactive ends and facilitate more dense passivation layers more quickly than self-assembled monolayers, particularly over complex three-dimensional structures.

Abstract: Methods for depositing a yttrium-containing film through an atomic layer deposition process are described. Some embodiments of the disclosure utilize a plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition process. Also described is an apparatus for performing the atomic layer deposition of the yttrium containing films.

Abstract: In order to provide a fluid control apparatus that without enhancing temporal control performance, every time, can stabilize a fluid flow rate achieved by, for example, pulse control, and eliminate fluid wasted at the time of supplying the fluid by including one flow path, a control mechanism includes a first feedback controller adapted to control a first valve on the basis of first pressure measured by a first pressure sensor. In addition, when a second valve is closed, the first pressure feedback controller controls the first valve so that the first pressure measured by the first pressure sensor reaches target burst pressure, and when and after the first pressure reaches the target burst pressure and the second valve is opened, the control mechanism is configured to control the first valve so that the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the flow path reaches a target constant flow rate.

Abstract: A plating method includes a first mask forming step of ejecting a UV-curable ink in the form of ink droplets from an inkjet head so as to have the ejected ink droplets land on a plating target object and to form a first plating mask on the plating target object, a catalyst applying step of applying a catalyst for deposition of plating material to the plating target object on which the first plating mask is formed, a second mask forming step of having the ink droplets land on the first plating mask so as to form a second plating mask on the first plating mask, a plating step of performing electroless plating to the plating target object subsequent to the second mask forming step, and a mask removing step of removing the first plating mask and the second plating mask from the plating target object subsequent to the plating step.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating a component, which is provided for the hot gas duct of a turbomachine, wherein the coating material is applied onto the uncoated component surface in the form of particles in mixture with a binding agent, and the component with the particle-treated binding agent thereupon then undergoes thermal treatment in such a way that the binding agent is released and the coating material remains on the component.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a metal layer on a specific photosensitive resin. The method comprises the following steps: (i) pretreatment: cleaning and pre-activating a surface of the photosensitive resin by using an alkaline solution; (ii) surface modification: soaking the photosensitive resin in a surface modifier to form an organic modification layer; (iii) surface activation: adding catalytic metal ions to form a metal ion complex with the organic modification layer; (iv) reduction reaction: reducing the metal ion complex into a nano metal catalyst by using a reducing agent; (v) chemical plating: soaking the photosensitive resin in an chemical plating solution to form a conductive metal layer; (vi) heat treatment: baking the photosensitive resin at 100-250° C., and (vii) electroplating thickening: electroplating the baked photosensitive resin to thicken the conductive metal layer.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of manufacturing of thermally formed composite structures, such as a projectile firing structure, are provided.

Abstract: An article that includes a substrate; a first layer including yttria and zirconia or hafnia, where the first layer has a columnar microstructure and includes predominately the zirconia or hafnia; a second layer on the first layer, the second layer including zirconia or hafnia, ytterbia, samaria, and at least one of lutetia, scandia, ceria, neodymia, europia, and gadolinia, where the second layer includes predominately zirconia or hafnia, and where the second layer has a columnar microstructure; and a third layer on the second layer, the third layer including zirconia or hafnia, ytterbia, samaria, and a rare earth oxide including at least one of lutetia, scandia, ceria, neodymia, europia, and gadolinia, where the third layer has a dense microstructure and has a lower porosity than the second layer.

Abstract: A coated tool may include a base member and a coating layer located on the base member. The coating layer may include an alternating layer having first layers and second layers. The first layers may contain (TibNbdMe)CxN1-x (where M is one or more kinds selected from metals of Groups 4, 5 and 6 in the periodic table except for Ti and Nb, and Al, 0.2?b?0.8, 0.01?d?0.2, 0?e?0.7, b+d+e=1 and 0<x<1). The second layers may contain M?N (where M? is metal of Groups 4, 5 and 6 in the periodic table except for Nb).

Abstract: A hybrid sacrificial galvanic anode, an anodic system including the hybrid sacrificial anode, and a method of cathodically protecting steel reinforcement in concrete structures is provided. The hybrid anode provides initial steel polarization followed by long term galvanic protection without the use of batteries or external power supplies.

Abstract: A photocathode for a photoelectrolysis device, including: a substrate; a layer of a metal conductor arranged on the substrate; at least one first layer of a first, p-type semiconductor arranged on the layer of metal conductor; at least one second layer of a second p-type semiconductor arranged on the first layer of the first, p-type semiconductor; and at least one third layer of a third, n-type semiconductor forming a protective layer and arranged on the second layer of the second, p-type semiconductor, the third layer of the third, n-type semiconductor being stable in aqueous media to prevent contact between an aqueous electrolyte and the first and second layers of the first and second, p-type semiconductors and including a material of ABO3 material, wherein A is selected from Ca, Sr and Ba and B is selected from Ti, Fe.

Abstract: The invention relates to a system (1) for producing dihydrogen, comprising: an electrolyser (2) suitable for performing water electrolysis and for producing dioxygen and dihydrogen; a dihydrogen compressor (3); a dihydrogen cooler (4); a main circuit (10) of dihydrogen from the electrolyser (2), on which at least the compressor (3) and the cooler (4) are successively arranged; and an auxiliary circuit (20) of dioxygen and residual water vapour from the electrolyser (2), the system being characterised in that it also includes: a condenser of said residual steam; the cooler (4) comprises an expander, an exchanger and a heat-storage module; the condenser, the expander and the exchanger being successively arranged on the auxiliary circuit (20), the exchanger establishing a heat exchange between the dihydrogen compressed by the compressor (3), the dioxygen expanded by the expander and the heat-storage module.

Abstract: The invention provides a catalytic electrode for converting molecules, the electrode comprising a predetermined number of single catalytic sites supported on a substrate. Also provided is a method for oxidizing water comprising contacting the water with size selected catalyst clusters. The invention also provides a method for reducing an oxidized moiety, the method comprising contacting the moiety with size selected catalyst clusters at a predetermined voltage potential.

Abstract: A system and method for reducing carbon dioxide in an electrochemical cell comprising a first cell compartment, a second cell compartment, and a membrane positioned between the first cell compartment and the second cell compartment is disclosed. The method may include introducing a feed containing a carbon dioxide gas and a feed of catholyte at a cathode positioned in the first cell compartment, in which the cathode contains a gas diffusion electrode comprising a carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave and wherein the carbon dioxide gas is directed through carbon fibers of the carbon cloth or graphitized carbon weave. The method may further include introducing a feed of anolyte at an anode positioned in the second cell compartment and applying an electrical potential between the anode and the cathode of the electrochemical cell to thereby reduce the carbon dioxide to a reduction product.

Abstract: Photoelectrochemical cells including a cathode including alpha-hematite and a metal dichalcogenide, an anode including a conducting polymer, and an electrolyte.

Abstract: A hydrogen evolution assisted electroplating nozzle includes a nozzle tip configured to interface with a portion of a substructure. The nozzle also includes an inner coaxial tube connected to a reservoir containing an electrolyte and an anode, the inner coaxial tube configured to dispense the electrolyte through the nozzle tip onto the portion of the substructure. The nozzle also includes an outer coaxial tube encompassing the inner coaxial tube, the outer coaxial tube configured to extract the electrolyte from the portion of the substructure. The nozzle also includes at least one contact pin configured to make electrical contact with a conductive track on the substrate.

Abstract: Provided are a novel electrode device capable of simultaneously solving a problem of sludge coat covering an anode surface, and a problem of increase in the inter-electrode distance between the anode and cathode, and a method for manufacturing a metal foil using the same. Disclosed is an electrode device, used while being immersed in an electroconductive liquid, the electrode device comprising: a barrel which has an outer wall having plural through holes and can store a metal soluble in the liquid during current application; a shaft passing through the inside of the barrel and having a peripheral surface to which current can be applied; and a metal introducing portion for introducing the metal into the barrel, wherein the barrel rotates on its axis.

Abstract: Nickel electroplating compositions containing copolymers of arginine and a bisepoxide enable the electroplating of nickel deposits which have uniform bright surfaces over wide current density ranges.

Abstract: Disclosed is a copper foil including a copper layer and having a tensile strength of 29 to 65 kgf/mm2, a mean width of roughness profile elements (Rsm) of 18 to 148 ?m and a texture coefficient bias [TCB(220)] of 0.52 or less.

Abstract: Some embodiments are directed to techniques for building single layer or multi-layer structures on dielectric or partially dielectric substrates. Certain embodiments deposit seed layer material directly onto substrate materials while others use an intervening adhesion layer material. Some embodiments use different seed layer and/or adhesion layer materials for sacrificial and structural conductive building materials. Some embodiments apply seed layer and/or adhesion layer materials in what are effectively selective manners while others apply the materials in blanket fashion. Some embodiments remove extraneous material via planarization operations while other embodiments remove the extraneous material via etching operations. Other embodiments are directed to the electrochemical fabrication of multilayer mesoscale or microscale structures which are formed using at least one conductive structural material, at least one conductive sacrificial material, and at least one dielectric material.

Abstract: A variety of homogeneous or layered hybrid nanostructures are fabricated by electric field-directed assembly of nanoelements. The nanoelements and the fabricated nanostructures can be conducting, semi-conducting, or insulating, or any combination thereof. Factors for enhancing the assembly process are identified, including optimization of the electric field and combined dielectrophoretic and electrophoretic forces to drive assembly. The fabrication methods are rapid and scalable. The resulting nanostructures have electrical and optical properties that render them highly useful in nanoscale electronics, optics, and biosensors.

Abstract: A single-crystal ingot growing method includes setting a location of an MGP (maximum gauss position) of a magnetic field such that the MGP is located above the surface of a melt, setting a difference in intensity of the magnetic field between a center point of the melt and an edge point of the melt based on the set location of the MGP, setting an intensity of the magnetic field that is applied to the melt based on the set difference in intensity of the magnetic field, and growing a single-crystal ingot based on the set location of the MGP and the set intensity of the magnetic field. The magnetic field is a horizontal magnetic field, the MGP is spaced apart from the surface of the melt by a distance ranging from +50 mm to +150 mm, and the difference in intensity of the magnetic field ranges from 420G to 500G.

Abstract: A shaped crystalline ingot for an ion cleaving process has a major surface that is substantially planar, a first side face that is substantially planar along a first direction orthogonal to the major surface, and a second side face that is substantially planar along a second direction orthogonal to the major surface. The ion cleaving process is a process in which ions are implanted into the shaped crystalline ingot to form a cleave plane that separates a substrate comprising the major surface from the shaped crystalline ingot.

Abstract: To provide polycrystalline silicon suitable as a raw material for production of single-crystalline silicon. A D/L value is set within the range of less than 0.40 when multiple pairs of silicon cores are placed in a reaction furnace in production of a polycrystalline silicon rod having a diameter of 150 mm or more by deposition according to a chemical vapor deposition process and it is assumed that the average value of the final diameter of the polycrystalline silicon rod is defined as D (mm) and the mutual interval between the multiple pairs of silicon cores is defined as L (mm).

Abstract: A fiber manufacturing apparatus includes: a fiber manufacturing portion including a first operation unit including a first operation surface and a second operation unit including a second operation surface facing the first operation surface, wherein at least one of the first operation unit and the second operation unit performs a reciprocating motion to manufacture a fiber between the first operation surface and the second operation surface; and a fiber collecting portion configured to collect the fiber manufactured between the first operation surface and the second operation surface, wherein at least one of the first operation surface and the second operation surface includes a polymer solution.

Abstract: A multilayered polymer composite film includes a first polymer material forming a polymer matrix and a second polymer material coextruded with the first polymer material. The second polymer material forms a plurality of fibers embedded within the polymer matrix. The fibers have a rectangular cross-section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing spandex having improved unwinding properties and enhanced adhesive properties with a hot melt adhesive and, more specifically, to a method for preparing spandex by means of adding a polystyrene polymer to a polyurethane-urea solution which is a spinning solution. Therefore, when spandex is unwound, irregular ballooning, tension spikes and the like can be effectively improved and other physical properties are unaffected. And the adhesive properties with a hot melt adhesive are enhanced.

Abstract: The woven textile has a first end and an opposite second end. A longitudinal direction is defined by the first end and the second end. The woven textile includes an upper layer, a lower layer, and at least one binding thread. The upper layer includes at least one first braid woven by a plurality of filaments and extending in a meandering way to form a plurality of hollow portions. The lower layer includes at least one second braid woven by a plurality of filaments and extending in a meandering way to form a plurality of hollow portions. The binding thread fixes the first braid and the second braid together by weaving so that the upper layer and the lower layer are positioned by the binding thread.

Abstract: A transport or drive belt includes: warp threads extending in a longitudinal direction; and weft threads extending between side edges. The weft threads and the warp threads cross each other at least sectionally with a positive inclination or a negative inclination deviating from a right angle. The weft threads follow a wavy course.

Abstract: Garments having active and passive knitted rows can provide desired levels of compression. Garments made of active and passive knitted rows can provide dynamic levels of compression with respect to both location and over time to address a variety of conditions.

Abstract: A three-layer circular knitted jacquard fabric includes a first layer having a yarn made from a first material. A second layer of the fabric includes a yarn made from a second material. A third layer of the fabric includes a yarn made from a third material. At least one of the materials includes ultra-high weight molecular polyethylene. The second layer is positioned between the first layer and the third layer such that the second layer provides loft between the first layer and the third layer.

Abstract: The Parker True to Form Bow Maker is a manufactured article whose purpose is to simplify the making of decorative or ornamental ribbon bows. It is a one-piece article, used as a tool, which creates ribbon loops of uniform length and enables the loops of the bow to be held by the tool, rather than in the hand of the maker. The tool provides a slot for the purpose of tying the loops together in the center of the bow. There are no movable parts in the tool. The process to utilize the tool is specific to this tool.

Abstract: Filter material, mainly in form of industrial remnants from the production of the filter fillings, is processed without the intake of the heat in such a way that it is cut in the disintegrator (4) at the presence of the air, where the material is during retention time repeatedly led to the contact with the rotating blades and bunches emerge in the disintegrator (4) through aeration. The flat carrier (3) is thus at least partially disintegrated to the original fibers (1); the released fibers (1) intertwine into bunches and the active carbon (2) is released from the original bond with the flat carrier (3). The swirl (vortex) created inside the disintegrator (4) carries the dust particles of the active carbon (2) and they adhere to the surface of the fibers (1). Part of the released active carbon (2) is—after the separation—carried away from the emergin bunches, which in the lower part of the disintegrator (4) run through the sieve out of the disintegrator (4).

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing a fishing net formed from a plastic net that can be handled by winding or folding although the net has plastic rigidity. The fishing net is manufactured by (1) a step of preparing a multifilament yarn formed by bundling a plurality of core-sheath type composite filaments, in each of which a core component is made of polyethylene terephthalate and a sheath component is made of polyolefin, (2) a step of preparing a yarn thread obtained by paralleling a plurality of the multifilament yarns, (3) a step of twisting or braiding four yarn threads 11, 12, 13, 14 to obtain a net constructed with strands 1 and intersections 2, (4) a step of heat-treating the net under without pressure to melt the sheath component of the yarn threads 11, 12, 13, 14 constituting the strands 1 and the intersections 2, followed by solidifying, thus obtaining a plastic net, and (5) a step of forming the fishing net using the plastic net.

Abstract: An improved embroidery hoop is provided. The hoop includes a closed outer loop having a receiving groove in an inner perimeter surface. The receiving groove cooperates with and receives a retaining loop according to a predetermined fit appropriate for holding a fabric workpiece. The outer loop is rigid while the inner retaining loop is sufficiently flexible to be fitted by hand in the receiving groove. The embroidery hoop may optionally include a pull tab for assisting a user in removing the retaining loop from the receiving groove. Moreover, the outer perimeter of the outer loop has a geometry that is arbitrary and independent of the geometry of the receiving groove and retaining loop. Accordingly, the outer loop may comprise fanciful designs.

Abstract: An article comprised of tape segments embroidered in place is disclosed. One embodiment includes tape segments embroidered to a self-supporting embroidered structure. Another embodiment includes tape segments embroidered together to form an embroidered lattice structure. In one embodiment, some of the tape segments may expand when exposed to heat and may be used to form cushioning regions for the article.

Abstract: A machine for manufacturing artificial turf includes a fiber inserter configured to incorporate artificial turf fiber into an artificial turf backing to form the artificial turf. The artificial turf includes an underside and an artificial turf surface. The machine further includes a coater configured to coat the underside with a colloidal latex coating. The colloidal latex coating has an exposed surface. The machine further includes an applicator configured to welt an exposed surface of the colloidal latex coating with an anti-blistering agent. The machine further includes a heater configured to heat the underside to cure the colloidal latex coating into a solid latex coating.

Abstract: Provided are a multi-drum washing machine and a control method therefor, and the multi-drum washing machine includes: at least two independent washing drums, a control panel an integrated circuit (IC) controller and a driving circuit board; the control panel has a plurality of input control elements and a plurality of output display elements the input control elements are configured for inputting laundry parameters; the output display elements are configured for displaying states in a washing process; and the IC controller and the driving circuit board are connected to the control panel and control an operation of the washing drums.

Abstract: An apparatus for a laundry treating appliance including a first basket defining a first treating chamber for receiving laundry for treatment according to a selected cycle of operation. A first clothes mover can be provided in the first treating chamber. A removable basket assembly can include a second basket with a second clothes mover. A transmitter can be included in the removable basket assembly for operably coupling the second clothes mover to the first clothes mover.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a clothes-handling apparatus comprising: a cabinet having an opening; a drawer capable of being withdrawn from the cabinet through the opening; a clothes accommodating part provided inside the drawer so as to provide a space in which clothes are stored; a coupling part provided on one of the cabinet and the drawer; and a detachment part provided on one, on which the coupling part is not provided, of the cabinet or the drawer, such that the coupling part is detachably coupled thereto, wherein the detachment part is provided so as to repeat a state of being coupled to the coupling part and a state of being separable from the coupling part whenever an external force is applied to the detachment part through the coupling part.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a washing apparatus includes a drum, a pulsator, a drum drive motor rotates the drum in a first direction or a second direction, a pulsator drive motor rotates the pulsator in the first direction or the second direction, and a controller controls the drum drive motor to rotate the drum in the first direction and to rotate the drum in the second direction when an operation period expires. When a drum drive current value is greater than a first reference current value during the first direction rotation of the drum, the controller controls the drum drive motor so that the drum drive motor stops rotating the drum in the first direction. When the operation period expires the controller controls the drum drive motor so that the drum is rotated in the second direction.