Abstract: A changeover valve includes a wall connection housing with at least one inlet channel and at least three outlet channels opening into a valve seat for receiving a valve upper part. The valve upper part has a base piece with at least three outlet openings connectable to a respective outlet channel via the valve seat. The valve upper part has at least one feed connected to the at least one inlet channel and connectable to at least one outlet opening via a control disc rotatable relative to a stationary inlet disc. The control disc engages with a spindle for rotating the control disc. The base piece has at least one positioning pin engaging into a positioning bore arranged in the valve seat. The valve seat has at least two positioning bores for engaging with the at least one positioning pin in different assembly positions of the valve upper part.

Abstract: A rotary valve body has a first passage and changes a communication state between the first passage and a second passage. A housing has the second passage and defines a valve chamber in which a valve body is accommodated and in which the second passage is opened. A sealing member having a third passage is compressed between an outer surface of the valve body and an inner wall surface defining the valve chamber. The sealing member is in pressure contact with the outer surface of the valve body and the inner wall surface defining the valve chamber at a peripheral edge of an opening on one side of the third passage and at a peripheral edge of an opening on the other side, respectively. A diameter of the third passage is maximized at one of the opening on one side and the opening on the other side.

Abstract: A check valve having a reverse-direction fluid supply function capable of supplying a fluid in a reverse direction by opening a fluid passage formed in a central shaft of a disk configured to open or close a flow path. The valve includes a valve main body into which a fluid is introduced, a shaft installed in the valve main body and configured to move forward toward an inside of the valve main body or backward toward an outside of the valve main body, a disk disposed in the valve main body and configured to open or close the valve main body, and a spring interposed between the disk and an inner surface of the valve main body. The disk opens the valve main body due to fluid pressure and blocks the same when fluid pressure is removed by movement of the shaft or by an elastic reaction force of the spring.

Abstract: A cap assembly for a container comprises a cap and a body coupled to the cap. The body includes a peripheral wall and a valve seat. The valve seat includes a first side facing the cap and a second side facing away from the cap. A first check valve having an elastic valve body is positioned at the second side of the seat. A second check valve having an elastic valve body is positioned at the first side of the valve seat. When a pressure at the first side of the valve seat exceeds a pressure at the second side of the valve seat by a first predetermined value, the first check valve opens; and when the pressure at the second side exceeds the pressure at the first side by a second predetermined value, the second check valve opens.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system and associated method for a positive retraction bypass valve. The positive retraction bypass valve can include a dump cartridge in a valve body with a valve stem biased to an open position to allow flow through a drain path. An adjuster can advance toward the valve stem and oppose the bias to at least partially close the valve. Upon retraction of the adjuster from the valve body, a retraction rod assembly with a retraction rod coupled to the adjuster and the valve stem can pull the valve stem toward the adjuster if the bias or fluid pressure on the valve stem does not move the valve stem toward the adjuster.

Abstract: To provide a safety joint capable of preventing a component of a weighing machine side member or a vehicle side member is broken in case that the weighing machine side member and the vehicle side member are separated from each other in an emergency when a vehicle runs while hydrogen gas is filled for instance. The safety joint (100) according to the present invention includes a plug (10) with a cylindrical shape in which a passage (1A) is formed, a socket (20) in which a passage (21A) continuing to the passage (1A) in the plug (10) is formed, and a shut off valve mounted on the passage (21A) in the socket (20), the shut off valve opening when the plug (10) being inserted into the socket (20) and closing when the plug(10) being disconnected therefrom, wherein central axes of the passages (1A,21A) of the plug (10) and the socket (20) do not form a straight line, a cover (50) for protecting a valve rod (2) mounted on one of the plug (10) and the socket (20) is mounted.

Abstract: A system for regulating an electrovalve, the system comprising: an electrovalve assembly having a housing to house a shaft and a plunger connected to the shaft; a spring provided within the housing, wherein a first end of the spring is coupled to one end of the plunger and wherein the spring further includes a second end; a bore located in the housing, wherein the bore is configured to expose the second end of the spring; an external instrument configured to be received in the bore such that the external instrument abuts the second end of the spring so that the load on the spring can be adjusted.

Abstract: Provided is an electromechanical-linkage hydraulic control gate valve actuator. The actuator includes a hand-operated speed-increasing gearbox assembly and a bidirectional throttle valve. In the present invention, a motor is driven to rotate through the hand-operated speed-increasing gearbox and thus a hydraulic system is driven to finally open and close a gate valve. An opening and closing speeds of the gate valve can be regulated and controlled through the bidirectional throttle valve. The present invention drives the motor through the hand-operated speed-increasing gearbox under emergency conditions such as repair and power failure, thereby controlling to open and close the gate valve. Meanwhile, a hydraulic system respectively regulates the speeds of two states of opening and closing through a bidirectional throttling technique, so as to effectively eliminate a water hammer phenomenon. The present invention has simple structure, light weight and modular installation, and enhances safety and reliability.

Abstract: An explosion proof actuator assembly and servo system is described. Embodiments of the present invention include an explosion proof actuator assembly and servo system that may implement a rotating nut and a threaded member to effectuate an opening and closing of a valve.

Abstract: An electric generator has a rotor shaft to be driven to rotate with a generator rotor. A generator stator is positioned adjacent the generator rotor. A housing surrounds the generator rotor and the generator stator. The generator rotor shaft extends outwardly of the housing. A seal seals a location where the rotor shaft extends outwardly of the housing. A vent valve is configured to vent of the interior of the housing when the rotor shaft is not rotating. An electrical assembly is also disclosed. An electrical assembly is also disclosed.

Abstract: An irrigation valve incorporates a valve body with an inlet, an outlet, a pressure chamber and a standpipe in fluid communication with the inlet. A solenoid operated valve train has a flow control inlet fitting, a solenoid actuating element movable between in inactivated position and an activated position responsive to a solenoid coil, and a threaded manual actuator rotatably movable between a first sealing position and a second open position. The valve train is operable in a first position with the solenoid actuating element in the inactivated position to produce hydraulic interconnection between the standpipe and the pressure chamber, a second position with the solenoid actuating element in the activated position producing hydraulic interconnection between the pressure chamber and an outlet port, and a third position with the threaded manual actuator in the second open position producing hydraulic interconnection between the pressure camber and the outlet port.

Abstract: Embodiments of a normally open gas valve are disclosed herein. The normally open gas valve includes a valve plug that gradually or partially disengages from the valve seat such that the actuation power required to open the valve is substantially reduced. The force required to open or close the valve is also reduced through the use of an off-center lever arm that multiplies the force applied by the armature of the actuation means. In this way, a less expensive actuation means, e.g., a less expensive solenoid, is able to be used to actuate the normally open gas valve.

Abstract: A method for valve type recognition of a valve connected to an actuator, said valve being one of a first valve type and a second or further valve type. The actuator includes an actuator spindle which can be operatively connected to a valve rod. If the maximum allowable stroke of the actuator spindle is the same, or smaller than, a reference value then it is determined that the valve connected to the actuator is of the first valve type. If the maximum allowable stroke is larger than said reference value, the valve is determined to be of the second valve type. An actuator is provided for use in such a method.

Abstract: A faucet handle assembly for a Roman tub has a low profile and can be installed from above or below the tub deck. A valve body extends along a longitudinal axis and defines a cartridge cavity. A lower end defines water inlet and outlet passages and a threaded external surface. An upper end defines a threaded internal surface. A mixing cartridge with a rotatable stem and a cartridge spacer are carried in the cavity with the spacer axially between the cartridge and the inlet and outlet passages of the valve body. A fastener has a threaded external surface threaded to the threaded internal surface of the valve body upper end. An upper mounting ring has a hub disposed about the upper end of the valve body and a flange extending radially outwardly from the hub.

Abstract: An actuator position control system includes an electronic controller and encoder that control and monitor an actuator's position between its position limits, while mechanically actuated limit switches prevent attempts to exceed the actuator's position limits, even if there is a loss of calibration, software error, or electronic controller failure. When actuated, the limit switches provide position calibrating information to the electronic controller. Embodiments can control linear and/or rotary actuators. The encoder can include intermeshed gears and magnetic Hall-effect position sensors. A mechanically driven position indicator can visually indicate the actuator's position. An electromechanical control system can be included that can transition the actuator between its limits even in the event of electronic controller failure. Embodiments can alert a user if the electronic controller fails.

Abstract: A valve assembly that is configured to wirelessly transmit data using near-field communication protocols. The embodiments may include a passive, NFC-enabled device disposed inside of a controller (or “valve positioner”). This NFC-enabled device can operate as a communication “port” to allow data exchange with a handheld computing device, like a smartphone or tablet. This feature can afford end users (e.g., technicians) ready access to data on the valve assembly via the handheld computing device.

Abstract: An example control unit may include: a processor; an output device; a valve element; an actuator; and a sensor for the position of the valve element. The valve cycles and the processor records a first signal to measure a position of the valve element. The valve cycles and the processor records a second signal to measure a position of the valve element. The processor calculates a degree of wear based on the first value and the second value and the second number of valve cycles. The processor compares the degree of wear to a predefined threshold value and generates an output signal if the degree of wear exceeds the predefined threshold value.

Abstract: A manifold for water dispensing units, including a manifold body having: one or more inlet paths, an outlet path, a collecting chamber delimited by a lateral wall and communicating with the inlet paths and with the outlet path. The collecting chamber is configured to receive the insertion of a cartridge body for the regulation of flow. A safety group is associated to the manifold body (1a) and includes: a flange removably attached to the manifold body, a safety shutter provided with through inlet gaps and with shut-off surfaces and a control body for the movement of the safety shutter: from a first position in which the through inlet gaps communicate with the inlet paths and contrast means prevent the separation of the control body and the cartridge body from the manifold body, to a second position in which the shut-off surfaces sealingly close the inlet paths and sliding means allow the separation of the control body and the cartridge body from the manifold body, and vice versa.

Abstract: A microfluidic device includes a three-dimensional slat structure having a plurality of interstices configured to generate a high power, high flow rate of fluids by electroosmotic flow. The microfluidic device includes a housing for holding and moving fluids through the slat structure, and a plurality of electrodes that generate an electric field within the plurality of interstices.

Abstract: A pipe hanger includes generally U-shaped upper and lower hanger parts, and a locking bolt for interconnecting the upper and lower part. The lower hanger part has a saddle portion for supporting a pipe. One of the arms of the upper hanger part has a hook formed on a lower end. The corresponding arm of the lower hanger part has an aperture that is arranged over the hook. The same arm of the lower hanger part has at its end a tilt limiting abutment. In an open state of the pipe hanger the lower hanger part can be suspended from the hook and is allowed to swivel until the tilt limiting abutment abuts the corresponding arm of the upper hanger part. The other arm of the lower hanger part has a bore for the locking bolt to lock the lower hanger part and upper hanger part in the closed position.

Abstract: A cable anchoring device which is coupled to a bracket including a catching portion may be provided. The cable anchoring device includes: a lock cap which comprises a collar portion extending in one direction; a body comprising a lock part in which a hole through which the collar portion passes and a bracket lock groove to which the bracket is fixed are formed; a cap which is coupled to the body; and a pressing member which is disposed between the lock cap and the cap, wherein, when the body is inserted into the bracket, the lock cap is moved by the pressing member and the collar portion contacts a first surface and a second surface of the catching portion, so that the cable anchoring device is fixed to the bracket.

Abstract: According to various embodiments, there is provided a marked conduit or tube including: a hollow body having an outer surface, a length dimension, and a plurality of markings along the length dimension, the plurality of markings including a first line marking, where the first line marking is positioned at a 0-degree point of a cross-sectional view of the hollow body, a second line marking where the second line marking is positioned at a 90-degree point relative to the 0-degree point of the cross-sectional view of the hollow body, a third line marking, where the third line marking is positioned at a 180-degree point relative to the 0-degree point of the cross-sectional view of the hollow body, and a fourth line marking, where the fourth line marking is positioned at a 270-degree point relative to the 0-degree point of the cross-sectional view of the hollow body.

Abstract: A fluid transfer conduit comprising: an electrically conductive tube of fibre reinforced polymer composite material which has an electrically conductive outer surface and an electrically conductive inner surface; and on at least one axial end of said conduit, a non-electrically-conductive band formed on either the outer surface or the inner surface of the electrically conductive tube. Forming a non-electrically conductive band on the end of the conduit electrically isolates the electrically conductive outer surface of the conduit from the electrically conductive metal socket into which it is to be inserted.

Abstract: A tubular connection, method for connecting tubulars, and a coupler for connecting together tubulars, of which the tubular connection includes an inner body including a bore, external threads, a tapered torque nose, and a radially-facing sealing surface. The connection also includes an outer body including a bore in communication with the bore of the inner body, internal threads configured to engage the external threads of the inner body, a tapered torque-stop surface that engages the tapered torque nose, and a radially-facing sealing surface that forms a seal with the radially-facing sealing surface of the inner body. The external threads, the internal threads, or both include at least one kick-out feature including at least one rounded or chamfered corner thereof.

Abstract: Example aspects of a coupling segment and a method for assembling a pipe coupling are disclosed. The coupling segment can comprise a coupling body, the coupling body defining a first end and an opposite second end, the coupling body further defining a first axial end and an opposite second axial end; a leg extending from the first end, the leg defining a proximal end proximate the first end and a distal end distal from the first end, the leg angling from the first axial end to the second axial end, the distal end defining a bearing member, the bearing member defining a planar bearing surface; and a fastener pad extending from the second end.

Abstract: A wide range coupling includes a body, the body defining a first body end and a second body end, the body defining a body bore extending through the body from the first body end to the second body end, the body bore defining an axis, the body defining a body shoulder disposed at the first body end, the body shoulder extending radially inward into the body bore; and an end ring, the end ring positioned over the first body end, the end ring defining a ring shoulder extending radially inward towards the body; and a gasket connected to the end ring, the gasket disposed within the body bore, the end ring and the gasket configured to axially travel along the axis relative to the body, the end ring and the gasket selectively positionable about and between an engaged position and a disengaged position.

Abstract: A top bar coupling includes a coupling body defining a first body end and a second body end; a first end ring attached to the first body end, the first end ring including a first gasket and a first split ring, the first gasket disposed within the first split ring, the first split ring configured to compress the first gasket radially inward in a tensioned state; a second end ring attached to the second body end, the second end ring including a second gasket and a second split ring, the second gasket disposed within the second split ring, the second split ring configured to compress the second gasket radially inward in a tensioned state; and a bar linkage attached to the first end ring and the second end ring, the bar linkage including a first bar; a second bar; and a attaching the first bar to the second bar.

Abstract: A duct arrangement may comprise a duct extending along a centerline axis, a flange coupled to an end of the duct, and a balking feature coupled to a distal surface of the duct and extending axially towards the flange, wherein the balking feature is configured to align a clamp with the flange.

Abstract: An expansion joint for a solids return system includes a female joint portion, a male joint portion received by the female joint portion, the male joint portion and the female joint portion forming a lateral breach therebetween, a double rope seal positioned within the lateral breach, the double rope seal being configured to accommodate relative lateral movement between the female joint portion and the male joint portion, and an insulating pillow received about the male joint portion and abutting a distal end surface of the female joint portion, the insulating pillow being configured to accommodate relative axial movement between the female joint portion and the male joint portion.

Abstract: To provide a safety joint capable of preventing moment generated by swinging of a filling hose and surely separating the safety joint to a hydrogen filling apparatus side member and a vehicle side member when a tensile force more or equal to a predetermined value is applied to the filling hose.

Abstract: A connection end-fitting for a flexible fluid transport line, the flexible line includes a pressure sheath, an interlocked pressure vault and at least one traction armor layer; the armor layer includes a plurality of armor elements; the end-fitting includes: an end region of the interlocked pressure vault, an end segment of each armor element, an end vault and a cover, a front sealing assembly of the pressure sheath, a system for locking the interlocked pressure vault relative to the end vault; the locking system includes a curved holding assembly that is radially mounted between the end region of the interlocked pressure vault and the front crimping flange.

Abstract: To provide a safety joint capable of preventing moment generated by swinging of a filling hose from acting on the safety joint and surely separating the safety joint to a hydrogen filling apparatus side member and a vehicle side member when a tensile force more or equal to a predetermined value is applied to the filling hose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a connection device for connecting a main pipe (1) to a secondary pipe (2), comprising a substantially cylindrical connection piece (3), able to be inserted, preferably able to be screwed, into a wall opening of the main pipe (1), for connection of the secondary pipe (2), wherein for sealing the connection piece (3) a preferably ring-shaped sealing element (4) is provided, lying against the main pipe (1), which sealing element is connected directly or via mechanical connecting elements to an outer circumference of the connection piece (3).

Abstract: A non-metallic clip connection system includes a non-metallic clip having a substantially rectangular base portion, a first longitudinal flared wing portion, and a second longitudinal flared wing portion, wherein a plurality of edges of the clip along a path of insertion are beveled or radiused. The non-metallic clip connection system also includes a first non-metallic member having a first portion of a non-metallic clip receiver and a second non-metallic member having a second portion of the non-metallic clip receiver. The first non-metallic member is secured to the second non-metallic member by inserting the non-metallic clip in the non-metallic clip receiver. A non-metallic vertebrae bend restrictor and a non-metallic vertebrae end piece may use a non-metallic clip connection system.

Abstract: A three-dimensional multi-shell insulation configured to conform to the shape of a spacecraft component to be insulated. The insulation may have a plurality of nested shell layers that are displaceable relative to each other for providing natural separation between the shell layers when the insulation is used in low-pressure and/or low-gravity space-related applications. To establish the spacing between shell layers, an edge clamp may be operatively coupled to an edge portion on at least one side of each shell layer. The shell layers may have sufficient flexibility and/or may be sufficiently displaceable relative to each other to allow the insulation to be installed or removed from the spacecraft component. One or more restraints may be provided in the space between the shell layers for restricting the relative lateral and/or transverse movement between shell layers for preventing contact. Additive manufacturing may be employed to fabricate the insulation and integrate features.

Abstract: An insulated pipe is presented having one or more inner pipes having a plastic, a flexible vacuum insulation panel surrounding the one or more inner pipes, and an outer jacket. In one embodiment the one or more inner pipes may have a cross-linked or non-cross-linked polyolefine, such as polyethylene (PE), including PE-RT (Polyethylene of Raised Temperature resistance), polypropylene, preferable PPR (about 5% PE in the molecular chain of PP random uniform polymer (random copolymer), polybutylene (PB), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), and mixtures thereof, in particular cross-linked polyethylene (PEX).

Abstract: A composite article has increased pull-off strength and includes a first layer including a low surface energy polymer, a poly(meth)acrylate layer, and an epoxide layer. The poly(meth)acrylate layer is disposed on and in direct contact with the first layer. Moreover, the poly(meth)acrylate layer includes a poly(meth)acrylate that includes the reaction product of at least one (meth)acrylate that is polymerized in the presence of an organoborane initiator. The epoxide layer is disposed on and in direct contact with the poly(meth)acrylate layer. The epoxide layer includes an epoxide. The composite article has a pull-off strength of greater than zero pli measured using ASTM D4541.

Abstract: A holder for tablet and tablet is a clip which has a clear flat front panel and a back part, joined together by an axis, which goes through both their bases and has a spring, which generates tension to press the back part against the front panel, with a device in between.

Abstract: A stand comprising a support platform connected to a movable mounting platform via actuators, a movable mounting platform position locking unit, comprising unit for activation and deactivation of the movable mounting platform positioning mode, sensors of applied force connected to each actuator, and an electronic device for actuator length control capable of receiving signals from force sensors about forces applied to actuators prior to activation of the movable mounting platform positioning mode, of taking the force value at the activation of the movable mounting platform positioning mode as conventionally equal to 0, and of further changing the actuator length based on signals from force sensors about forces applied to actuators after activation of the mode of movable mounting platform positioning in the direction where the force on the corresponding force sensor is decreasing, at a speed proportional to the magnitude of force.

Abstract: A supporting frame is provided, which includes a base, a mandrel, an elastic body, a first cam, a second cam, an arm, and a first pivoting element. When the arm pivotally rotates with respect to the base, the mandrel rotates along with the arm and one of the first cam and the second cam is driven to rotate, the first cam and the second cam then push against each other so that the first cam moves along the first direction and deforms the elastic body, thereby, the display can stop at any height between the highest position and the lowest position.

Abstract: A mount for receiving a cylindrical element includes a retention assembly that retains the cylindrical element between the retention assembly and a base. The retention assembly includes arm segments extending from the base and retaining members disposed along at least one of the arm segments. The retaining members are separated from each other by a gap through which the cylindrical element is insertable. At least one of the arm segments or retaining members is resilient so that the gap is widened when that cylindrical element is pushed through the gap. The retaining members retain the cylindrical element between the retaining members and the base until force is applied to pull the cylindrical element back through the gap. A biasing member extends from, and is moveable relative to, the base to bias the cylindrical element against the retaining members while lacking sufficient force to push the cylindrical element through the gap.

Abstract: This invention of mounting apparatus has quick release, enhanced stability against high wind velocity, extended life cycle, and ground animal tamper proof for birdhouse and bird feeder. This design of inner plate mechanism provides higher contact area and distributes pressure on the mounting pipe that allows all the above advantages. These set of mounting apparatus allows for different angular orientation, vertical position, and can also be used for other applications.

Abstract: A mounting system for mounting a display device to a surface, the mounting system adjustable in multiple degrees of freedom to selectively position and orientate the attached device relative to the mounting surface and/or other collocated display devices. According to various embodiments, a surface bracket is configured to attach to a mounting surface and an arm assembly operatively couples the surface bracket with a mount carriage. A mount bracket is movably coupled to the mount carriage and is selectively movable in a plane substantially parallel to the surface. A plurality of device bracket assemblies are coupled to the mount bracket. Each of the device bracket assemblies is selectively movable to translate, pivot and tilt the attached device.

Abstract: A foldable arm is provided including a central member with a longitudinal body having a proximal end and a distal end opposite the proximal end. A first member is pivotally connected to the proximal end of the longitudinal body of the central member and movable between a stored position substantially adjacent to the central member and a deployed position extending away from the central member. A second member is pivotally connected to the distal end of the longitudinal body of the central member and movable between a stored position in which the second member is nested within a recess define along the longitudinal body of the central member and a deployed position in which the second member extends away from the central member.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing pressure vessels, including pressure accumulators, such as hydraulic accumulators and parts thereof (24), characterized in that they are at least partially produced by means of a 3D printing method.

Abstract: A robotic vehicle for traversing surfaces is provided. The vehicle is comprised of a front chassis section including a magnetic drive wheel for driving and steering the vehicle and a front support point configured to contact the surface. The vehicle also includes a rear chassis section supporting a follower wheel. The front and rear chassis sections are connected by joints including a hinge joint and a four-bar linkage. The hinge is configured to allow the trailing assembly to move side-to-side while the four-bar linkage allows the trailing assembly to move up and down relative to the front chassis. Collectively, the rear facing mechanism is configured to maintain the follower wheel in contact with and normal to the surface and also maintains the front support in contact with the surface and provides stability and maneuverability to the vehicle while traversing surfaces regardless of surface curvature and vehicle orientation.

Abstract: A filament type light emitting diode (LED) light source includes a plurality of LED modules, a coupler, and a common connection portion. The LED modules are in a polygonal prism structure and emit white light having different color temperatures or light of different wavelengths. Each LED module having a bar shape at a respective side surface of the polygonal prism structure and includes a first connection electrode and a second connection electrode. The coupler couples the LED modules to maintain the polygonal prism structure. The common connection portion is at one end of the polygonal prism structure and is commonly connected to the second connection electrode of each of the LED modules.

Abstract: An assembly with a computer interface module (CIM) is described herein. The assembly may be coupled to, and may receive power from, wiring of a vehicle. The assembly may be installed via a mounting base. The mounting base may include the CIM, configured with a receptacle for coupling to a cable. The CIM may include one or more printed circuit boards and/or a computing system. The CIM may be configured to provide power to an electronic device, such as via the cable. Additionally, the CIM may be configured to communicate with one or more electronic devices via a wired and/or wireless connection. The assembly may include a lamp unit with an efficient light source. The lamp unit may include a lamp configured to adjust between white, red, and/or green lights. The assembly may include a clamping system configured to securely house a mobile computing device.

Abstract: An LED light fixture includes a glass bulb. In the interior of the glass bulb is a driver module and a plurality of lighting elements. The glass bulb completely surrounds the lighting elements radially. The lighting elements are arranged radially around the driver module. The lighting elements may be LED filaments or individual light-emitting diode chips.

Abstract: An intermediate driver mount includes a driver having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end is opposite the second end. A first modular interface is formed on the first end, and a second modular interface is formed on the second end. Is A first lamp connected to the first modular interface, and a second lamp is connected to the second modular interface. The first lamp and the second lamp are both tube lamps. A first electrical connector is formed on the first lamp, and a second electrical connector is formed on the second lamp. The first lamp is configured to connect to a first socket, and the second lamp is configured to connect to a second socket. The driver is housed within a tube wall. The intermediate driver is an LED driver.