Abstract: Methods that may be used for the manufacture of the chemical compound (R)-Reticuline and synthesis precursors thereof. Compositions useful for the synthesis (R)-Reticuline and synthesis precursors are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method of preparing a high-purity galactooligosaccharide composition by fermentation of a low-purity galactooligosaccharide mixture with a yeast strain, Kluyveromyces lactis ATCC 8585. The high-purity galactooligosaccharide composition includes at least 99% of galactooligosaccharides selected from the group consisting of galactotriose, galactotetrose, galactooligosaccharides with five or more sugar units, and combinations thereof and lower than 1% of monosaccharides and disaccharides. Also provided is a high-purity galactooligosaccharide composition and applications thereof in regulating blood glucose level and improving gut microbiota. For example, the high-purity galactooligosaccharide composition may be used to manufacture food products, beverages, health food products, nutritional supplements, and pharmaceutical compositions for patients or pets afflicted with diabetes mellitus or lactose intolerance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for synthesizing a selectively labeled RNA, and an apparatus for performing the method. Specific segments or discrete residues within the RNA may be selectively labeled, and different segments may include different labels.

Abstract: Pseudomonas chlororaphis NRRL B-30761 produces monorhamnolipids with predominantly 3-hydroxydodecenoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate (C12:1-C10) or 3-hydroxydodecanoyl-3-hydroxydecanoate (C12-C10) as the lipid moiety under static growth conditions. The cloning and sequencing of three genes and proteins involved in the biosynthesis of monorhamnose-lipid (R1L) is described. Expression of two of these genes, i.e., rhlA and rhlB, together in P. chlororaphis NRRL B-30761 increases R1L production by at least 10-fold. Also the generation of a recombinant P. chlororaphis NRRL B-30761 capable of synthesizing dirhamnose-lipid (R2L) is described. Characterization of R1L and R2L produced by the recombinant P. chlororaphis NRRL B-30761 is also described.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes methods and systems for improving the expression of a properly folded, biologically active protein of interest in a cell free synthesis system. The methods and systems use a bacterial cell free extract having an active oxidative phosphorylation system, and include an exogenous protein chaperone. The exogenous protein chaperone can be expressed by the bacteria used to prepare the cell free extract. The exogenous protein chaperone can be a protein disulfide isomerase and/or a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase. The inventors discovered that the combination of a protein disulfide isomerase and a peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase produces a synergistic increase in the amount of properly folded, biologically active protein of interest.

Abstract: An electrochemical test sensor is adapted to measure glucose and correct for the oxygen effect in a fluid sample. The test sensor comprises a base, first and second working electrodes, and a counter electrode. The first working electrode includes glucose oxidase, a mediator and peroxidase. The second working electrode includes glucose oxidase and the mediator. The first working electrode, the second working electrode and the counter electrode are located on the base. In other embodiments, an electrochemical test sensor is adapted to measure cholesterol, lactate, pyruvate or xanthine and correct for the oxygen effect in a fluid sample.

Abstract: A system is provided that includes a tray having a number of compartments for holding liquid samples and partitioning the liquid samples from one another. The liquid samples are prepared by adding an indicator configured to produce a characteristic change in light from the liquid samples when a target microbe metabolizes the indicator while the liquid samples are incubated. The system also includes a light sensor for sensing light from the liquid samples held in the tray while the plurality of liquid samples is incubated. The system further includes a processor coupled with the light sensor and configured to analyze the light from the liquid samples while the liquid samples are incubated to detect the characteristic change in light from one or more of the liquid samples if the target microbe is present in the liquid samples.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of obtaining peptides from procaryotic and/or eucaryotic cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a kit comprising a DNA-dependant DNA polymerase and at least one natural deoxynucleoside and to a kit comprising a DNA-dependent DNA polymerase and a detection system comprising a DNA template molecule, a DNA primer molecule, and a fluorescent moiety capable of being displaced from, or bound to, dsDNA synthesized by said DNA-dependent polymerase.

Abstract: A biosensor system determines an analyte concentration of a biological sample using an electrochemical process without Cottrell decay. The biosensor system generates an output signal having a transient decay, where the output signal is not inversely proportional to the square root of the time. The transient decay is greater or less than the ?0.5 decay constant of a Cottrell decay. The transient decay may result from a relatively short incubation period, relatively small sample reservoir volumes, relatively small distances between electrode surfaces and the lid of the sensor strip, and/or relatively short excitations in relation to the average initial thickness of the reagent layer. The biosensor system determines the analyte concentration from the output signal having a transient decay.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, methods and compositions for imaging, at high spatial resolution, targets of interest.

Abstract: A direct chemical lysis composition includes an assay compatible buffer composition and an assay compatible surfactant. When combined with a specimen storage composition, such compositions prevent undesired modifications to nucleic acid and proteins lysed from cells in the biological sample. Assays of samples from such compositions do not require expensive and time-consuming steps such as centrifugation and prolonged high temperature processing. The direct chemical lysis composition of the present invention permits direct nucleic acid extraction from the cells in the biological sample without the need to decant off the transport media or otherwise exchange the transport media with assay compatible buffers. There is no need to combine the sample with proteinase K or another enzyme to extract nucleic acids from the cells. A method for lysing cells to obtain target nucleic acid for assay and a kit for combining the direct chemical lysis composition with a sample are also contemplated.

Abstract: The present invention provides a rapid and highly effective method for the preparation of biological samples for detection of both DNA and RNA target molecules. The method comprises treatment of the sample with a clay mineral followed by lysis of the sample with an alkaline solution. The method is particularly suited for preparing complex biological samples, such as blood or plasma, for the simultaneous detection of DNA and RNA targets. Samples prepared by the method of the invention may be directly used as targets in PCR amplification. The method of the invention may conveniently be coupled with further steps and devices to perform molecular analyses for diagnostic and other applications.

Abstract: The present application discloses a biosensor that comprises a nucleic acid probe absorbed on reduced graphene oxide, the nucleic acid probe comprising an RCA primer sequence linked to a recognition moiety for an analyte to be detected by the biosensor.

Abstract: Described herein are methods, compositions and kits for identifying modifications that could lead to false positive detections in nucleic acid sequencing. In some embodiments, the methods, compositions and kits provided herein are useful for reducing potential of false positive detection of variants caused by errors during sample preparation or sequencing.

Abstract: Methods and devices are disclosed, which perform absolute quantification assay of functional components of biological specimens. The present application relates to manufacture built-in standard curve(s) and computational analysis. The present application further relates to methods for the measurements of such biological components, for example, biochips, PCR arrays, microarrays, and ELISA array.

Abstract: Some embodiments of the present application relate to novel modified nucleotide linkers for increasing the efficiency of nucleotide incorporation in Sequencing by Synthesis applications. Methods of preparing these modified nucleotide linkers are also provided herewith.

Abstract: A circuit comprising a substrate with sectors on the substrate is provided, each sector comprising clock and data lines, a controller in electrical communication with the clock and data lines, a counter bias line, an amplifier input line and nano-electronic measurement devices on the substrate. A source of each device is coupled to the counter bias line and a drain of each device is coupled to the amplifier input line to obtain an electrical signal on the drain, the identity of which is determined by electrical interaction between the device and a charge label. Each device drain is gated by a corresponding switch between an on state, in which the drain is connected to the amplifier input line, and an off state, in which the drain is isolated from the amplifier input line. The controller controls switch states responsive to clock signal line pulses and data input line data.

Abstract: Embodiments may include a method of analyzing a nucleic acid molecule. The method may include attaching the nucleic acid molecule to a protein. The protein may be attached to a particle with a first diameter. The method may also include applying an electric field to move a first portion of the nucleic acid molecule into an aperture. The aperture may be defined by a first electrode, an insulator, and a second electrode. The aperture may have a second diameter less than the first diameter. The method may further include contacting the first portion of the nucleic acid molecule to both the first electrode and the second electrode. The method may include applying a voltage across the first electrode and the second electrode. The current through the electrodes and the portion of the nucleic acid molecule may be measured, and a nucleotide of the nucleic acid molecule may be identified.

Abstract: The present invention is based, in part, on the identification of novel methods for defining predictive biomarkers of response to anti-cancer drugs.

Abstract: An apparatus for nucleic acid sequencing includes: a base-detection device in a detection site, the base-detection device being configured to detect bases of a portion of a nucleic acid strand at the detection site; and a conveying device, configured to extend the nucleic acid strand and to cause the extended nucleic acid strand to slide through the detection site along a path. The base-detection device includes a plurality of field-effect nanowire detectors, arranged along the path and each including a respective nanowire and nucleic acid probes, which are defined by respective base sequences and are fixed to the respective nanowire.

Abstract: Novel fluorescent nucleotide analogs are provided herein. Also provided herein are methods of using the nucleotide analogs in sequencing-by-synthesis and signal confinement methods.

Abstract: Described herein are cell-based analytic methods, including a method of incorporating nucleic acid sequences into reaction products from a cell population, wherein the nucleic acid sequences are incorporated into the reaction products of each cell individually or in small groups of cells individually. Also described herein is a matrix-type microfluidic device that permits at least two reagents to be delivered separately to each cell or group of cells, as well as primer combinations useful in the method and device.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and compositions for making paired tags and paired tag libraries.

Abstract: A honeycomb tube with a planar frame defining a fluidic path between a first planar surface and a second planar surface. A fluidic interface is located at one end of the planar frame. The fluidic interface has a fluidic inlet and fluidic outlet. The fluidic path further includes a well chamber having an well-substrate with a plurality of wells. The well chamber is arranged in the planar frame between the first or second surface and the well-substrate.

Abstract: The present invention concerns methods for determining if a dendritic cell belongs to a tolerogenic dendritic cell subset or to an effector dendritic cell subset, and methods for determining if a patient undergoing immunotherapy, and/or who has been administered with a vaccine, is developing an immune response oriented either towards a regulatory T cell response or towards an effector T cell response, and methods of determining response to immunotherapy.

Abstract: Methods, compositions, and systems are provided for managing bovine subjects in order to maximize their individual potential performance and edible meat value, and to maximize profits obtained in marketing the bovine subjects. The methods and systems draw an inference of a trait of a bovine subject by determining the nucleotide occurrence of at least one bovine SNP that is identified herein as being associated with the trait. The inference is used in methods of the present invention to establish the economic value of a bovine subject, to improve profits related to selling beef from a bovine subject; to manage bovine subjects, to sort bovine subjects; to improve the genetics of a bovine population by selecting and breeding of bovine subjects, to clone a bovine subject with a specific trait, to track meat or another commercial product of a bovine subject; and to diagnose a health condition of a bovine subject.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for predicting a treatment response to a corticotropin releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRHR1) antagonist and/or a vasopressin receptor 1B (V1B) antagonist in a patient with depressive and/or anxiety symptoms. The present invention furthermore relates to a V1B receptor antagonist and/or CRHR1 antagonist for use in the treatment of depressive symptoms and/or anxiety symptoms in a patient. Also, kits, diagnostic compositions, devices and microarrays allowing the determination of the presence or absence of at least one polymorphic variant in the AVPR1B gene in combination with the presence or absence of at least one polymorphic variant in the patient's genome excluding the AVPR1B gene in the nucleic acid sample are described.

Abstract: Disclosed are method and apparatus for identifying biomarkers and in particular for identifying biomarkers for use in making clinical assessments, such as early diagnostic, diagnostic, disease stage, disease severity, disease subtype, response to therapy or prognostic assessments. In one particular example, the techniques are applied to allow assessments of patients suffering from, suspected of suffering from, or with clinical signs of SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) being either infection-negative SIRS or infection-positive SIRS.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for detecting a marker for diagnosing an HER2 inhibitor-resistant cancer, a diagnostic kit including same, and a method for detecting the marker. More particularly, the present invention relates to a composition for detecting a maker for diagnosing an HER2 inhibitor-resistant cancer, a diagnostic kit including same, and a method for detecting the marker, wherein the present invention allows presence and absence of resistance to an HER2 inhibitor, which is typically prescribed to an HER2-positive cancer patient, in an HER2-positive cancer patient to be determined in an easier manner with remarkably high reliability.

Abstract: A polynucleotide comprising at least the final six nucleotides of one of the following primer sequences, or a sequence complementary thereto: SEQ. ID NOS. 3 to 16, 18, 20 to 33, 35 or 37 to 39. A method of detecting the presence or absence of a mutation in the PIK3CA gene, wherein the mutation is one of H1047R, H1047L, E542K and E545K, and preferably ARMS primers are combined with Scorpion primers.

Abstract: It is intended to provide a rapid, convenient, and highly accurate method for determining the prognosis of cancer. The present invention provides a method for determining the prognosis of a renal cell carcinoma patient, comprising: (1) treating genomic DNA prepared from a renal tissue of a subject with bisulfite; (2) amplifying the bisulfite-treated DNA by PCR; (3) subjecting the obtained PCR amplification product to ion exchange chromatography; (4) obtaining the retention time of a detection signal obtained by the chromatography; and (5) determining the renal cell carcinoma of the subject as having poor prognosis when the result of the step (4) is shorter than a retention time serving as a reference.

Abstract: Recurrent gene fusions of androgen regulated genes and ETS family member genes in prostate cancer are described. Compositions and methods having utility in prostate cancer diagnosis, research, and therapy are also provided.

Abstract: Embodiments provide methods and compositions related to detecting neoplasia in ulcerative colitis patients by detection and analysis of the methylation state of miR-1, -9, -124, miR-137 and/or miR-34b/c in samples from UC patients.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods for predicting whether a sample contains enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) of at least one of EHEC O157:[H7], O145:[H28], O103:[H2], O111:[H8], O121:[H19], O26: [H11], O45:[H2] or O104: [H4] serotypes, and for identifying said serotypes, through detection of gene espK in association with at least one of the genetic markers Z1151, Z1153, Z1154, Z1155, Z1156, Z6065, Z2098, ureD or espV and/or through detection of serotype-specific CRISPR sequences.

Abstract: This invention pertains to probes, primers and associated methods suitable for the analysis and diagnosis of Myco-bacterium tuberculosis, among other things.

Abstract: The invention provides a rapid, accurate, sensitive, and low-cost detection method for screening a biological sample for one or more desired bacterial species. The inventive method employs a two-step multiplex real-time PCR assay that comprises an internal amplification control and specific primer sets to detect and discriminate bacterial species based the unique melting temperatures of specific DNA sequences of each strain.

Abstract: Methods for the rapid detection of the presence or absence of mecC-containing Staphylococcus aureus (mecC-MRSA) in a biological or non-biological sample are described. The methods can include performing an amplifying step, a hybridizing step, and a detecting step. Furthermore, primers, probes targeting the genes for mecC-MRSA, along with kits are provided that are designed for the detection of mecC-MRSA.

Abstract: The invention provides DNA compositions that relate to transgenic insect resistant maize plants. Also provided are assays for detecting the presence of the maize DP-004114-3 event based on the DNA sequence of the recombinant construct inserted into the maize genome and the DNA sequences flanking the insertion site. Kits and conditions useful in conducting the assays are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid oligomers for amplifying one or more selected regions of HCV nucleic acid. Also disclosed are methods for specific amplification and characterization of HCV nucleic acid using the disclosed oligomers, as well as corresponding reaction mixtures and kits.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a bio-nematocide for repairing damage to wood and related cellulosic products caused by nematodes.

Abstract: Herein is reported a method for producing an enzymatic conjugation product of two polypeptides comprising incubating of a first polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence LPXTG (SEQ ID NO: 20, wherein X can be any amino acid residue), a second polypeptide has an oligo-alanine Am (m=2 (SEQ ID NO: 26), or 3 (SEQ ID NO: 27), or 4 (SEQ ID NO: 28), or 5 (SEQ ID NO: 29)) amino acid sequence at its N-terminus, a third polypeptide with sortase activity which is derived from Staphylococcus aureus Sortase A, and recovering the conjugate from the reaction mixture and thereby producing the enzymatic conjugation product of two polypeptides.

Abstract: The method employs a desulfurization agent that is introduced into a smelt of one of molten pig iron and molten steel. The desulfurization agent contains calcium oxide, bitumen and at least one flux agent, with the agent containing 1 to 10% by weight bitumen.

Abstract: A method for producing a profile includes method steps of: providing a workpiece; shaping the workpiece; joining the workpiece; coating the workpiece; heating the workpiece; and at least partially hardening the workpiece; wherein the coating method step is carried out temporally after the joining method step and temporally before the heating method step.

Abstract: A hardening method for an annular workpiece made of metal includes a heating process that heats the annular workpiece to a hardening temperature; an analyzing process that obtains a diameter of the annular workpiece heated to the hardening temperature, and divides the heated annular workpiece into at least a small diameter portion and a large diameter portion based on the obtained diameter; and a cooling process that injects cooling liquid under an injection condition toward the annular workpiece that has been divided into at least the large diameter portion and the small diameter portion in the analyzing process such that a dimensional difference between the large diameter portion and the small diameter portion decreases, the injection condition for the large diameter portion being different from the injection condition for the small diameter portion.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a galvanized steel sheet having a composition containing, by mass %, C: 0.05% or more and 0.5% or less, Si: 0.01% or more and 2.5% or less, Mn: 0.5% or more and 3.5% or less, P: 0.003% or more and 0.100% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.010% or more and 0.5% or less, B: 0.0002% or more and 0.005% or less, Ti: 0.05% or less, a relationship of Ti>4N being satisfied, and the balance comprising Fe and inevitable impurities, and a microstructure containing 60% or more and 95% or less of tempered martensite in terms of area ratio and 5% or more and 20% or less of retained austenite in terms of area ratio.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cold-rolled and annealed Dual-Phase steel sheet having strength from 980 to 1100 MPa and a breaking elongation greater than 9%. The composition includes the contents being expressed by weight: 0.055%?C?0.095%, 2%?Mn?2.6%, 0.005%?Si?0.35%, S?0.005%, P?0.050%, 0.1?Al?0.3%, 0.05%?Mo?0.25%, 0.2%?Cr?0.5%, Cr+2Mo?0.6%, Ni?0.1%, 0.010?Nb?0.040%, 0.010?Ti?0.050%, 0.0005?B?0.0025%, and 0.002%?N?0.007%. The remainder of the composition includes iron and inevitable impurities resulting from the smelting. A manufacturing method is also provided.

Abstract: A system and method are disclosed for mixing a suspension. The suspension may optionally have a low liquid viscosity. The suspension may, optionally, include a metallurgy solvent extraction (SX) mixture. The system and method may be at an industrial scale. In some embodiments, suspension may be stirred at high energy dissipation rate with a large impeller. The system may optionally include baffles. The impellor and/or the baffles may optionally include a rounded edge. The method may be applied to retrofitting a SX plant. The input feed to a mixing reactor may include an emulsion and/or multiple discrete phases.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to recover roughly purified scandium, which is purified to an extent acceptable for a technique for highly purifying scandium, efficiently and without any complicated operation from a neutralization sediment (drainage sediment) generated in neutralizing acid mine drainage which contains a sulfur component. This scandium recovery process includes a washing step (S1) for washing a neutralization sediment (drainage sediment) and a dissolution step (S2) for subjecting the washed sediment obtained in the washing step (S1) to dissolution in an acid. It is preferable that the process further includes a re-dissolution step (S3) for subjecting a dissolution residue which remains after the dissolution in the dissolution step (S2) to dissolution with an acid. In the washing step (S1), the neutralization sediment is washed with a washing liquid until the pH of the post-washing liquid generated in the washing step becomes 6 or higher.

Abstract: Various embodiments provide a leaching solution monitoring module comprising a first leaching solution distribution system interface, a flow meter in fluid communication with the first leaching solution distribution system interface, the flow meter in fluid communication a 3-way pressure regulator, and a second leaching solution distribution system interface in fluid communication with the 3-way pressure regulator.