Abstract: A scale has a first pattern area and a second pattern areas disposed with an offset from the first pattern area in a measurement direction by 1/(2×s) of pitch. A detection head detects interference fringes caused by positive s-th-order diffracted beams and negative s-th-order diffracted beams diffracted by the scale, and output a detection result. A signal processing unit detects a reference position based on a position where light intensity is lower than a predetermined value which appears in a light intensity distribution of the interference fringes, and detects incremental positions based on the interference fringes which appear at other positions. The detection head includes a light source, a detecting unit configured to output the detection result of the beams radiated onto light receiving devices to the signal processing unit, and an optical system configured to image positive s-th-order diffracted beams and negative s-th-order diffracted beams on the detecting unit.

Abstract: Technologies for controlling degradation of a sensor mote including detecting a trigger event and initiating degradation of at least a portion of the sensor mote in response to the trigger event. The trigger event may be embodied as any type of event detectable by the sensor mote such as a trigger signal, particular sensed data, expiration of a reference time period, completion of a task, and so forth. The sensor mote may imitate the degradation by, for example, controlling a valve to release a chemical stored in the sensor mote or allow a substance into the sensor mote.

Abstract: A method for assembling a gas sensor includes fitting through holes of annular mounting parts with an element dummy disposed vertically and whose cross-sectional shape perpendicular is similar to that of a sensor element. The annular mounting parts are a plurality of parts including a ceramic powder compact. A tubular body is fitted with outer peripheries of the annular mounting parts, and then, the element is abuttingly disposed on an upper end of the dummy. Subsequently, the dummy is moved vertically downward to fit the through holes of the annular mounting parts with the element, thereby obtaining a workpiece. The workpiece is vertically inverted, and with the element tip being in contact with a sealing assist jig that has a buffer performance, the upper end of the uppermost annular mounting part is pressed vertically downward to compress the powder compact, thereby sealing an inside of the tubular body.

Abstract: To position first and second sensor units easily at adequate positions simply by an operation for fixing a fitting to given piping. A first fitting for a first sensor unit and a second fitting for a second sensor unit are provided. The first and second fittings include a pair of arm portions configured to regulate relative position between the first sensor unit and the second sensor unit in a circumferential direction of the piping, and a guide portion formed at least on the arm portions, and configured to guide relative positioning between the first fitting and the second fitting in an axial direction of the piping according to a diameter of the piping.

Abstract: The present invention has been made to improve measurement accuracy of a thermal flow meter. In the thermal flow meter according to the invention, a circuit package (400) that measures a flow rate is molded in a first resin molding process. In a second resin molding process, a housing (302) having an inlet trench (351), a bypass passage trench on frontside (332), an outlet trench (353), and the like are formed through resin molding, and an outer circumferential surface of the circuit package (400) produced in the first resin molding process is enveloped by a resin in the second resin molding process to fix the circuit package (400) to the housing (302).

Abstract: The purpose of this invention is to obtain a physical-quantity detection device, the external shape of the housing of which can be reduced in size. Said physical-quantity detection device, which detects a plurality of physical quantities of a gas being measured that flows through a main channel, is characterized by having a housing positioned inside said main channel, a circuit board insert-molded into said housing, and a plurality of detection sensors mounted on both sides of the circuit board.

Abstract: A thermal flow sensor with improved measurement accuracy is provided. The thermal flow sensor includes: an air flow rate detection element with a diaphragm having a thin-film portion in a semiconductor substrate; at least one heat generating resistor on the diaphragm; at least one temperature measuring resistor that detects temperature on each of an upstream side and a downstream side of the heat generating resistor; and a correction circuit portion that processes an output signal of the air flow rate detection element on the basis of temperature difference information of at least the two temperature measuring resistors on the upstream side and the downstream side, wherein a waveform of the output signal processed by the correction circuit portion is a waveform obtained by cutting a part of a mountain part or a valley part constituting a peak value by outputting of an arbitrary predetermined value when the peak value of the waveform exceeds the arbitrary predetermined value.

Abstract: A method for measuring fluid flow within a fluid flow pipe includes partitioning a fluid flow within a pipeline with a nozzle bank, wherein a predetermined number of stepped nozzles is open; measuring the fluid flow in at least one partitioned fluid stream with at least one mass flow device; and calculating a total fluid flow within the pipeline. The nozzle bank includes a plurality of nozzles, each nozzle having a single step at about 1 throat diameter from an inlet plane of the nozzle, wherein the single step is an increase corresponding to about 10% of the throat diameter and has a length of about throat diameter/2.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein generally relate to devices, systems and methods for measuring the dose remaining in a drug delivery device that is used for delivering a dose to a patient. In some embodiments, a dose measurement system for measuring the liquid volume in a container includes a plurality of light sources which are disposed and configured to emit electromagnetic radiation toward the container. A plurality of sensors are located in the apparatus that are optically coupleable to the plurality of light sources and are disposed and configured to detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by at least a portion of the light sources. The apparatus also includes a processing unit configured to receive data representing the portion of the detected electromagnetic radiation from each of the plurality of sensors. The processing unit is further operable to convert the received data into a signature representative of the electromagnetic radiation detected by the plurality of sensors.

Abstract: A low water sensor testing apparatus consisting of a 2 piece threaded steel ball valve unit with spring loaded handle connected at one end cavity portion thereof to initial piping emanating from a hot water boiler and connected at the second end cavity portion thereof to an equivalent adapter unit in turn connected to the first end segment of an E-shaped piping unit having its first stem portion connected to a ball valve unit via another adapter unit, its second stem portion connected via yet another adapter unit to a low water sensor unit and, with the second end segment of the E-shaped piping unit being connected to another equivalent adapter unit in turn connected to the first end cavity portion of a three way purge valve unit being connectable within the second cavity end portion thereof to outflow piping leading to a structure's heating system.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to digital fishing net scales to determine the weight of a catch in the fishing net and to automatically record the weight. The present invention also relates to a system and method of automatically determining and recording the weight of a catch and catch related data, and to a system and method of generating fishing hotspot information. In particular, the present invention relates to digital scales that are communicatively connected to a system comprising a data store for automatically storing the weight of each catch/fish, and optionally for automatically storing related data.

Abstract: Methods of operating an audio device are provided. A method includes measuring sound pressure levels (SPLECM) for acoustic energy received by an ear canal microphone (ECM) during a time increment ?t and calculating a SPL_Dose?t during the time increment ?t using SPLECM.

Abstract: An optical sensor arrangement comprises an optical barrier which is placed between a light-emitting device and a photodetector. Herein the light-emitting device and the photodetector are arranged on a first plane and are covered by a cover. The photodetector exhibits an active zone. The optical barrier exhibits an extent along a first principal axis, which is pointing parallel to the line connecting the centers of the light-emitting device and the photodetector. Herein the extent is greater than a dimension of the active zone. The optical barrier is designed to block light emitted by the light-emitting device that otherwise would be reflected by the cover by means of specular reflection and would reach the photodetector. The optical barrier is designed to pass light emitted by the light-emitting device and scattered on or above an outer surface of the cover.

Abstract: A light sensor, for sensing an illumination of a partial area, includes a first case, a second case, a first light absorption layer and at least one sensing module. The first case includes at least one hole. The at least one hole includes an axis. The second case is fastened to the first case, and a containing space is formed between the first case and the second case. The first light absorption layer is located on the first case. The at least one sensing module is located in the containing space, and the position of the at least one sensing module is located on the axis of the hole. The at least one sensing module is used for sensing the light from the partial area which passes through the hole to obtain the illumination of the partial area.

Abstract: A warm shield as part of a thermal imaging system comprising a reflecting surface having a convex curvature that when positioned relative to an opening of a thermal imaging system, thermal energy originating from the opening of the thermal imaging system incident on the convex curvature is reflected in a direction away from the opening of the thermal imaging system. An aperture can be formed in the reflecting surface and positioned to facilitate passage therethrough of external thermal energy in a direction towards a detector of the thermal imaging system, and passage of at least some of the thermal energy originating from within the thermal imaging system in a direction away from the thermal imaging system.

Abstract: Disclosed are optical devices and methods of manufacturing optical devices. An optical device can include a substrate; an optical emitter chip affixed to the front surface of the substrate; and an optical sensor chip affixed to the front surface of the substrate. The optical sensor chip can include a main sensor and a reference sensor. The optical device can include an opaque dam separating the main optical sensor and the reference sensor. The optical device can include a first transparent encapsulation block encapsulating the optical emitter chip and the reference optical sensor and a second transparent encapsulation block encapsulating the main optical sensor. The optical device can include an opaque encapsulation material encapsulating the first transparent encapsulation block and the second transparent encapsulation block with a first opening above the main optical sensor and a second opening above the optical emitter chip.

Abstract: A path detection system based on SBUV light signals is provided, including a SBUV light signal emitter, a SBUV detectors and a signal processing module, wherein the SBUV light signal emitter is arranged on a road to serve as a path mark line; the SBUV detector is configured to detect the path mark line and transmit the detected signals from the SBUV light signal emitter to the signal processing module; and the signal processing module acquires a traveling path in real time by using a path line extraction algorithm, and eventually outputs path information.

Abstract: An optical filter is disclosed including two laterally variable bandpass filters stacked at a fixed distance from each other, so that the upstream filter functions as a spatial filter for the downstream filter. This happens because an oblique beam transmitted by the upstream filter is displaced laterally when impinging on the downstream filter. The lateral displacement causes a suppression of the oblique beam when transmission passbands at impinging locations of the oblique beam onto the upstream and downstream filters do not overlap.

Abstract: A targeting system for a spectrophotometer includes a plurality of fiber channels, including at least one measurement channel and at least one illumination channel. A slit assembly includes a translucent layer disposed adjacent the plurality of fiber channels, and reflective portion disposed adjacent the translucent layer. Each fiber channel includes a first end, the first end offset from the reflective portion of the slit assembly to allow light transfer from one fiber channel to an adjacent fiber channel. A light source is in optical communication with the at least one illumination channel. A sample plane is in optical communication with a second end of the measurement channel. The system is configured such that light is transmitted from the light source, through the at least one illumination channel, reflected off the slit assembly, transmitted through the measurement channel, and onto the sample plane.

Abstract: An optical system of a high-resolution imaging spectrograph intended for deep ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy, including an entrance aperture constituted by a slit, followed by a collimating objective, with a dispersive element located between the collimating objective and the subsequent focusing objective is provided. A multichannel radiation detector is arranged behind the focusing objective. The collimating objective is formed at least by a main mirror, wherein the focussing objective is formed by a set of lenses. The dispersion element is formed at least by one diffraction grating 4 and/or an optical prism.

Abstract: Disclosed are a substrate processing apparatus and a substrate processing method. The substrate processing apparatus includes an emissivity setting unit to which emissivity at a liquid chemical which is brought into contact with a substrate or emissivity at an interface at which the substrate and the liquid chemical are in contact with each other is input, a radiant energy input unit to which radiant energy radiating from the liquid chemical or the interface is input, and a calculation unit that calculates a calculation temperature of the liquid chemical or the interface based on the emissivity and the radiant energy.

Abstract: Audio/video (A/V) recording and communication devices according to the present embodiments comprise a processor, a motion sensor, and a camera. In various embodiments, the A/V recording and communication devices are configured to reduce latency and/or to reduce false positive indications of motion.

Abstract: A method and system for calibrating temperature measurement devices, such as pyrometers, in thermal processing chambers are disclosed. According to the present invention, the system includes a calibrating light source that emits light energy onto a substrate contained in the thermal processing chamber. A light detector then detects the amount of light that is being transmitted through the substrate. The amount of detected light energy is then used to calibrate a temperature measurement device that is used in the system.

Abstract: A system for type-2 ghost imaging of an object located in or obstructed by a turbulent air section includes a thermal light source, a beamsplitter configured to split light from the thermal light source into two optical paths of substantially equal length, a surface divided into two regions of equal area, a first region including the object and a second region that does not include the object, a narrowband spectral filter, and at least one detector having a predetermined spatial resolution and a predetermined temporal resolution. The object is located on one side of the turbulent air section and the at least one detector is located on another side of the turbulent air section. The at least one detector may be a large area picosecond photo-detector (LAPPD) having a spatial resolution of the order of millimeters and a temporal resolution of the order of 10 to 100 picoseconds.

Abstract: A surface temperature sensor has a first geometric contact surface for determining the temperature in a vessel and a second geometric contact surface, wherein the first geometric contact surface and the second geometric contact surface are in point and/or linear contact and at least partially spaced variably from this. For improvement of thermal contact an adapter between the first geometric contact surface and the second geometric contact surface may be made of metal, whereby the process vessel facing side has a polygonal surface structure and the temperature sensor facing side of a sack-shaped recess.

Abstract: A circuit apparatus includes a voltage output circuit that outputs a first output voltage when a first current of first temperature characteristics flows in a resistance element, and a second output voltage when a second current of second temperature characteristics different from the first temperature characteristics flows in the resistance element, an A/D conversion circuit that outputs a first digital value by performing A/D conversion on the first output voltage, and outputs a second digital value by performing A/D conversion on the second output voltage, and a processing unit that obtains temperature data by digital calculation processing of the first digital value and the second digital value.

Abstract: In a general aspect, a circuit can include a first resistor configured to be coupled to a first terminal of a temperature-sensitive resistance, a second resistor configured to be coupled to a second terminal of the temperature-sensitive resistance and a temperature information circuit. The temperature information circuit can be configured to: receive a first voltage from the first terminal of the temperature-sensitive resistance; receive a second voltage from the second terminal of the temperature-sensitive resistance; and provide temperature information based on the first voltage and the second voltage. The temperature information circuit can include a first comparison circuit configured to determine a difference between the first voltage and the second voltage, and a second comparison circuit configured to compare an output of the first comparison circuit to a reference.

Abstract: A system and method for enabling measurement of desired environmental criteria of an instrument during storage, including in some situations storage within a closely conforming instrument case. A humireader includes a planar body forming a “T” with a support face. The support face enables a user to suspend and support the body between a pair of adjacent strings allowing the body to extend through a sound hole. An environment sensing system disposed within the body collects environment data of the instrument and presents it to the user using an output system (e.g., a display) that is part of the support face.

Abstract: Provided is an internal temperature measurement device capable of measuring an internal temperature of a measuring object for which the thermal resistance value of a non-heating body present on the surface side of the object is unknown, more accurately with better responsiveness than hitherto. The internal temperature measurement device 10 includes a MEMS chip 12 including: two cells 20a, 20b for measuring two heat fluxes for calculating an internal temperature of a measuring object for which the thermal resistance value of a non-heating body is unknown; and a cell 20c for increasing a difference between the heat fluxes.

Abstract: Described is a current-mode thermal sensor with calibration apparatus which comprises: a first transistor with a gate terminal coupled to a first node; a second transistor with a gate terminal coupled to a second node; a first resistor coupled to the first and second nodes; a second resistor coupled to the first node and a supply node; a diode coupled to the second node and the supply node; a third resistor coupled to the second node; and a switch coupled to the third resistor and a reference supply.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a strain sensing element provided on a deformable substrate. The strain sensing element includes: a first magnetic layer; a second magnetic layer; and an intermediate layer. The second magnetic layer includes Fe1-yBy (0<y?0.3). Magnetization of the second magnetic layer changes according to deformation of the substrate. The intermediate layer is provided between the first magnetic layer and the second magnetic layer.

Abstract: A pressure-sensing device including a pressed component that has a contact surface to which pressure is applied by contact from a presser; a polymeric piezoelectric element that is disposed at an opposite side from the contact surface of the pressed component and that has a piezoelectric constant d14 of 1 pC/N or more as measured at 25° C. using a stress-charge method; a curable resin layer that includes at least one selected from the group consisting of cold-setting resins, thermosetting resins, and actinic radiation-curable resins and that is in contact with at least part of a surface of the polymeric piezoelectric element; and an electrode that is in contact with at least part of a surface of the polymeric piezoelectric element or of a surface of the curable resin layer.

Abstract: A force sensor includes a leadframe comprising a plurality of electrically conductive leads, a sense die coupled to the leadframe, and an encapsulant disposed over at least a portion of the leadframe and the sense die. The sense die is electrically coupled to the plurality of leads, and the plurality of leads extends from the encapsulant.

Abstract: A Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor structure, a method of fabricating a FBG sensor structure, and a method of employing a FBG sensor structure comprising an optical fiber portion having at least one FBG formed therein. The FBG sensor structure comprises an optical fiber portion having at least one FBG formed therein; and a sleeve structure capable of transferring vibrations and/or strain along a length thereof; wherein the optical fiber portion is coupled to the sleeve structure such that the central wavelength of the FBG, is variable under the transferred vibrations and/or strain.

Abstract: To provide a tactile sensor that allows a contact to be displaced largely and can detect fine ruggedness, flexibility, and other features of a surface of a measuring object. A sensor part S includes a frame 10 that includes a side part of a substrate B, a contact 20 that is disposed in parallel to the substrate B so that a tip of the contact 20 projects from a side face of the substrate B, a suspension 30 that supports the contact 20 to the frame 10, and displacement detectors 41 and 42 each of which detects displacement of the contact 20. The side face of the substrate B functions as a sensing surface. The contact 20 coming in contact with a measuring object O is displaced on a level parallel to the substrate B. Since the sensor part S can be configured widely in a planar manner along the substrate B, the structure has higher flexibility of design.

Abstract: A flexible sensor that includes a printed circuit board (PCB), a capacitive structure on the PCB, and mechanical coupling sites. The PCB includes a slot extending from an outer edge of the PCB to an inner portion of the PCB, and the slot defines a first edge and a second edge facing the first edge. The first and second edges are separated by a gap when the PCB is in an unflexed state. The slot is configured to permit the PCB to flex so as to vary a relative position of the first edge with respect to the second edge. The capacitive structure on the PCB includes a first edge electrode on a portion of the first edge of the PCB, and a second edge electrode on a portion of a second edge of PCB. The second edge electrode is aligned with the first edge electrode across the slot.

Abstract: Provided are a pressure sensor device and method for making the same. A base member and a pressure sensor chip are joined so that a pressure receiving portion is aligned with a through hole. A pressure introduction unit and the base member are positioned and joined so that through holes thereof are continuous. The pressure introduction unit has a stepped portion in an end portion on an opened end side, and has a protruding portion protruding from the stepped portion to the base member side in an end portion.

Abstract: A micro feedback-chamber sensor comprises: a semiconductor base having a sensing circuit; a bonding structure layer disposed on the semiconductor base; and a sensing member chip having a low-resistance semiconductor body, a first end portion and a second end portion. The semiconductor body has free-standing Si posts, the first end portion is formed with a sensing member structure, the second end portion is connected to the semiconductor base through the bonding structure layer, and a micro feedback-chamber structure is formed between the sensing member structure, the semiconductor base and the semiconductor body. The sensing member structure is electrically connected to the sensing circuit through the free-standing Si posts. The sensing member structure and the micro feedback-chamber structure collaboratively react to an externally inputted physical signal to generate a sensing signal outputted to the sensing circuit. A method of manufacturing the micro feedback-chamber sensor is also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a differential pressure sensor which includes: a housing including a body and a cover, the housing having a first chamber and a second chamber defined in the housing and separated from each other; a first pressure channel communicating with the first chamber; a second pressure channel communicating with the second chamber; and a substrate on which an electronic component is mounted and in which a terminal is formed, the substrate including a first surface facing the first chamber and a second surface extending parallel to the first surface and facing the second chamber, the substrate configured to cover the second chamber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preventing gases and fluids to penetrate a surface of an object, comprising the steps of: depositing (S1) an amorphous metal (5) on a surface of an object (4); forming (S2) a continuous layer of the amorphous metal (5) on the surface of the object (4); binding (S3) the amorphous metal (5) to the surface of the object by chemical binding; and passivation (S4) of a surface of the amorphous metal (5) facing away from the surface of the object (4).

Abstract: A crankshaft balancer machine for balancing a crankshafts having a measurement station configured to rotate the crankshaft to obtain vibration-related data, a transfer station configured to transfer the crankshaft between the measurement station and the correction station, and a correction station configured to drill at least a portion of the crankshaft to correct an imbalance in response to the imbalance data. The measurement station includes a base structure, a measurement bridge support, a plurality of flexural support legs extending therebetween, at least one sensor, and a drive system to spin the crankshaft and output imbalance data. The transfer station includes at least one lifting arm selectively engaging the crankshaft and supporting the crankshaft during transfer. The correction station includes a drilling device horizontally disposed to achieve a horizontal drill direction into the crankshaft to correct any imbalance according to a customized software protocol.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for increasing the robustness of engine off natural vacuum testing. In one example, following an engine-off event, a heat rejection inference is determined, and further adjusted based on a fuel level and ambient temperature. In this way, an evaporative emissions system leak test may be enabled under conditions where the leak test may otherwise not be executed, thus increasing opportunities for evaporative emissions system leak detection and correspondingly reducing bleed emissions.

Abstract: A gas leak detection device includes a learning section, which has a correlation between a gas temperature inside gas pressure containers and a surface temperature of the gas pressure containers in a learning period corresponding to a current value flowing in the conductor, to make database, and a diagnosis section, which extracts a gas temperature corresponding to the measured current value and the surface temperature from the learning section in a diagnosis period, corrects a gas pressure value corresponding to an arbitrary surface temperature to a gas pressure value of a reference temperature using the extracted gas temperature, and detects a leak of the insulating gas based on the corrected gas pressure value.

Abstract: A mobile bridge apparatus includes one or more mobile bridge modules and a plurality of sensors for sensing a deformation of the one or more mobile bridge modules.

Abstract: A shock testing machine including: a test platform upon which one or more objects to be tested are mounted; one or more rails upon which the test platform is movable in a longitudinal direction; and a braking station for retarding a relative motion between the test platform and the braking station, wherein the test platform and the braking station include at least one portion interfering with the relative motion of the test platform and the braking station such that relative movement of the test platform and the braking station past the at least one portion produces a shock lateral to the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A microelectromechanical device includes a semi-flexible proof-mass comprising a primary part, a secondary part and a stiff spring suspending the primary part and the secondary part. The spring causes the parts to move as a single entity when the device is in its normal range. A first stopper structure stops the primary part. The proof-mass is configured to deform through deflection of the spring, when the device is subjected to a shock having a force that is beyond the normal operation range. While the shock causes motion of the proof-mass in one direction along an axis of movement, the spring is configured to cause a restoring force causing the secondary part of the proof-mass to be driven into a restoring motion in a direction opposite to motion along an axis caused by the shock. Momentum of the secondary part causes the primary part to dislodge from the first stopper structure.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a polarization-maintaining (PM) optical fiber includes illuminating a side of the PM optical fiber, physically rotating the PM optical fiber and measuring light intensity of light transmitted through the PM optical fiber to obtain an image profile, mathematically shifting the image profile at incremental rotation angles, expanding the image profile at each rotational angle into a Fourier series profile, and determining points of symmetry of the PM optical fiber based on the Fourier series profiles.

Abstract: A system (20) for fiber-optic reflectometry includes an optical source (28, 40), a beat detection module (52, 56) and a processor (36). The optical source is configured to generate an optical interrogation signal that is transmitted into an optical fiber (24). The beat detection module is configured to receive from the optical fiber an optical backscattering signal in response to the optical interrogation signal, and to mix the optical backscattering signal with a reference replica of the optical interrogation signal using In-phase/Quadrature (I/Q) mixing, so as to produce a complex beat signal having In-phase (I) and Quadrature (Q) components. The processor is configured to sense one or more events affecting the optical fiber by analyzing the I and Q components of the complex beat signal.

Abstract: The visual detection of a silicon optical circuit in a conventional technique depends on sensory decision by a human who visually conducts checking, and there has been limitation in completely detecting small flaws. The optical circuit of the present invention includes, in addition to an optical circuit that implements desired functions, an optical waveguide for flaw detection which surrounds the entire optical circuit and which is sufficiently proximate to the optical waveguide of the optical circuit and grating couplers connected to the optical waveguide for detection. Based on the transmission characteristic measurement of the optical waveguide for detection using the grating couplers, a flaw within each chip can be efficiently discovered in the state of a wafer before being cut into chips. A flaw can also be discovered hierarchically by providing individual optical waveguides for detection for respective chips and by further forming one common optical waveguide for detection over the plurality of chips.

Abstract: Embodiments are directed to obtaining data based on samples of a vibration signal, processing, by at least one processor, the data to obtain a qualitative and quantitative assessment of a health of the one or more components based on an application of the data to at least one model, and outputting the assessment. Embodiments of the disclosure may be applied to one or more components of a drive shaft of an aircraft.