Abstract: A load carrier for a muzzleloader having a muzzle, comprising a first assembly component and a second assembly component, the first assembly component comprising a tubular open-ended charge receiving body configured to receive a charge though an open end section of the charge receiving body with the second assembly component comprising a tubular delivery body comprising a delivery end section and a connector end section, the delivery end section having an external diameter so as to be insertable into the muzzle and a removeable cap engageable with the delivery end section. The connector end section of the second assembly component may be engageable with the open end section of the charge receiving body of the first assembly component. Insertion of at least a portion of the delivery end section into the muzzle during pouring facilitates consistent and speedy loading. The disclosure also provides associated methods.

Abstract: Adjusting the length of firearms using stock assembly systems are provided. In one embodiment, a stock assembly comprises: a receiver extension having a first interface configured to mate with a second interface of a stock; the first interface comprising a base portion, a plurality of first edges, and a plurality of first grooves; the second interface comprising a slot portion, a plurality of second edges, and a plurality of second grooves; wherein the plurality of first edges are in contact with the plurality of second grooves and the plurality of first grooves are in contact with the plurality of second edges of the second interface to mate the stock with the receiver extension; and wherein the base portion of the first interface is in contact with the slot portion of the second interface allowing the stock to slide along a horizontal axis of the receiver extension.

Abstract: A holster for a handgun, having at least some of an at least partial cavity; a lever having a thumb button portion and an engagement portion, wherein the lever includes a locking projection extending from at least a portion of the engagement portion, wherein the lever is pivotally attached or coupled to at least a portion of the holster, approximately between the thumb button portion and the engagement portion; and a lockout element, wherein at least a portion of the lockout element is positionable to block movement of the lever to keep the lever from being pivoted to a disengaged position.

Abstract: A collapsible reflective optical sight for a firearm, including a base configured to mount the collapsible reflective optical sight to a firearm; a lens attached to and able to rotate with respect to the base, wherein the lens includes an optic with a reflective surface, and the lens is able to be folded with respect to the base to store the lens in a collapsed configuration and is able to be angled with respect to the base to aim the firearm with the lens in a deployed configuration; a light source on the base that reflects a light off the reflective surface of the optic to aim the firearm; and a mechanical sight adjustably mounted to the base to aim the firearm. Additionally, the collapsible reflective optical sight can include a firearm and a hood.

Abstract: A light emission assembly for weapon sights which provides a viewable illuminated aiming indicia of substantially fixed area and uniform brightness regardless of the ambient light conditions.

Abstract: A firearm training tool having a shot indicating system configured to provide a training rifle with a shot indicating laser activated by pressing a trigger rearward.

Abstract: Techniques are provided for a laser designation verification device and a method of laser designation verification using the device. The laser designation verification device includes: a lens to sense a first reflection, the first reflection coming from an encoded first laser beam reflecting off a first target; an electronic processing element to decode the sensed first reflection into a first code; and a portable electronic annunciator to provide identification of the first target to an operator of the device based on the decoded first reflection. The method includes: sensing a first reflection using the lens, the first reflection coming from an encoded first laser beam reflecting off a first target; decoding the sensed first reflection into a first code using the processing element; and providing, by the annunciator to an operator of the device, identification of the first target based on the decoded first reflection.

Abstract: The invention relates to a textile item of clothing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) equipped for ballistic protection. Said textile item of clothing (100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600) has a knitted structure (1) or a darned structure made of at least two yarns (2, 3), the knitted structure (1) or darned structure having ballistic parts and fire-resistant parts.

Abstract: Load carriage systems are described including one or more of a first chest panel, a first back panel, and a self-adjusting cummerbund connecting the first chest panel and the first back panel. The self-adjusting cummerbund may include a tensioning mechanism configured to allow the cummerbund to extend and retract, and may be configured to provide varying resistive force. The tensioning mechanism may include one or more of a sliding portion, a continuous patterned length of material that is folded over itself, and an elastic member that is attached to the sliding member and the length of material. Body armor plates may be held between outer and inner chest panels and/or between outer and inner back panels. A strip of webbing may be used to secure the body armor plate between the outer and inner panels.

Abstract: A body armor composite material is provided to protect a wearer from small-arms projectiles. The material includes a flexible liner, a polymer binder disposed on the liner, and ceramic balls embedded in the binder. The flexible liner conforms to a portion of the wearer and elastically deforms in response to application of mechanical force.

Abstract: In a first aspect, the invention provides a sensorially attractive puncture-resistant panel having a first surface and a second surface, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is sensorially attractive. In some embodiments, the panel comprises, consists, or consists essentially of a first layer having a first surface and a second surface, wherein at least one of the first surface and the second surface is sensorially attractive, and a second layer that is puncture-resistant and comprises, consists, or consists essentially of a puncture-resistant material. In some embodiments, the panel is sensorially attractive to a child.

Abstract: An aerial vehicle barrier comprises two or more balloons selectively inflatable with a lighter-than-air gas, two or more flexible trunk lines, two or more flexible branch lines, and two or more connecting lines. Each trunk line has a ground-anchorable end and an opposite end attached or selectively attachable to a respective one of the balloons. Each branch line has opposing ends attached or selectively attachable to respective ones of two adjacent trunk lines to span between the two adjacent trunk lines. Each connecting line has opposing ends attached to respective ones of two adjacent branch lines.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for detecting a magnitude of a voltage at a face of a conducted electrical weapon (“CEW”). The magnitude of the voltage may be used to determine whether a pulse of a stimulus signal was delivered to a target. Structures for detecting the magnitude of the voltage may include structures that provide a stimulus voltage.

Abstract: An impact indication system for indicating an impact of a projectile on a target. The impact indication system includes an impact sensing system including a g-force sensor, a housing engagable with the target, and a first computing device including at least a processor and a memory. The impact indication system further includes a signal output unit including a housing, a signal output device, a second computing device including a processor and a memory, the first computing device operable to send a signal to the second computing device in response to sensing the impact, and the second computing device operable to produce a signal indicative of the impact.

Abstract: An amorphous-based material component may be incorporated into a liner for a shaped charge used in perforating a wellbore casing. Other components of the shaped charge and/or perforating gun that accommodates the shaped charge may be of amorphous-based materials. Further, the liner and other components of the shaped charge may be manufactured by way of three dimensional printing. Indeed, a multi-material three dimensional print application may be utilized to form shaped charge components simultaneously along with an entire perforating gun system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an arrow device with dual destructive function which provides a second extended destruction by explosion of explosives carried within the arrow device in addition to a penetrative destruction caused by kinetic energy of an arrow. The arrow device with dual destructive function comprises an arrow body and an arrowhead, wherein the arrow body comprises a hollow tube, the hollow tube is provided with an inertial body therein, the arrowhead is of a hollow structure and is provided with a hole structure communicating the hollow structure of the arrowhead with the outside. The hollow structure of the arrowhead is equipped with explosives or ammunition therein. An isolation mechanism is provided between the arrowhead and the hollow tube of the arrow body. A firing mechanism for firing explosives or ammunition is provided on the isolation mechanism or the front end of the inertia body.

Abstract: A firearm cartridge has a case defining an interior chamber and having a case mouth, an elongated projectile having a forward end and a rear end, a sabot assembly having an exterior sized to be closely received in the case mouth, and defining an interior passage adapted to closely receive the projectile, and the projectile including a stabilizer at the rear end. The stabilizer may include fins. The projectile may include a circumferential groove at an intermediate portion between the forward end and rear end. The sabot assembly includes a mating feature adapted to engage the circumferential groove to limit axial motion of the projectile with respect to the sabot assembly. The projectile may define a plurality of circumferential grooves. The sabot assembly may include a plurality of mating features adapted to engage the circumferential grooves. The sabot assembly may include a plurality of elements arranged about the projectile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a projectile (1), which has a projectile body (2) featuring a recess (5) for receiving an explosive, wherein the projectile body (2) has a rotation-symmetrical shell surface (7), at least in sections, which is surrounded, at least in sections, by several ring-shaped elements (8) provided with predetermined break points, wherein fragments (12) formed upon breakup of the elements (8) are predefined via the predetermined break points, said fragments (12) being connected to one another in a ring-shaped connecting portion (11) for forming the ring-shaped element (8), and the freely projecting ends (13) of the fragments (12) being at least partially arranged in a common orthogonal plane (13?) to a longitudinal axis (8?) of the ring-shaped element (8), wherein this orthogonal plane (13?) is arranged diverging from an orthogonal plane (11?) defined by the ring-shaped connecting portion (11), as well as to a corresponding ring-shaped element (8) for the projectile (1).

Abstract: A non-lethal arrow that includes a shaft having a non-lethal arrow assembly on a respective end of the shaft. A nock is connected to an opposite end of the shaft. A plurality of vanes is connected to the shaft near the nock. A marker can be attached to an end of the non-lethal arrow assembly that is configured to stick to a target upon impact with the target. The marker is further configured such that the non-lethal arrow disengages from the marker, and falls away from the target upon impact with the target leaving only the marker left on the target.

Abstract: A mid-body which a cylindrical housing which defines a longitudinal axis and has an interior compartment. A guidance controller is housed within the mid-body for controlling flight. A plurality of wings are connected to the housing and each of the wings is movable into a deployed position to provide guidance during flight. The mid-body has an access window which facilitates communication between the interior compartment of the housing and an external environment. A normally door covers the access window, but when the door is moved, relative to the access window, into an open position, communication between the interior compartment and the external environment is established. An optical sensor is accommodated within the interior compartment and the optical sensor, once the door is moved relative to the access window, can view the external environment and supply data to the guidance controller for controlling operation of the plurality of wings during flight.

Abstract: A combined magazine storage, transport, and dispenser apparatus including a storage member having a storage cavity disposed between a first end and an opposing second end, the storage cavity configured to store a plurality of firearm magazines, a follower member having a first side and an opposing second side movably disposed within the storage cavity between the first and second ends of the storage member, and a spring member disposed within the storage cavity between the second side of the follower and the second end of the storage member, wherein the spring member pushes the follower member toward the first end of the storage member to provide access to the plurality of firearm magazines stored therein.

Abstract: A mobile fireproof and detonation-proof chamber for storage of flammable and detonable objects includes at least one detachable fireproof and detonation-proof container which is swing out from an inner detonation-proof position for storage of flammable- and detonable objects in the mobile chamber to an outer detonation-proof position outside the mobile chamber for loading and unloading fire- and detonation-proof objects, wherein the at least one fire- and detonation-proof container includes a fire-mitigating and detonation-mitigating insert arranged in a detachable manner.

Abstract: An ammunition tray is provided for containing a plurality of bullet cartridges within an ammunition box container having a stowage volume. The tray includes a substantially rectangular template having a horizontal surface bounded by first and second opposing longitudinal edges and opposing lateral edges joined at four corners. Each longitudinal edge includes a first tab bent substantially perpendicular to the surface in a vertical direction to form a rib. Each lateral edge includes a second tab bent substantially perpendicular to the surface to form a wall. The surface includes a first row of interior pockets that point towards the first longitudinal edge as a proximal orientation. The surface further includes a second row of interior pockets that point towards the second longitudinal edge as a distal orientation. The template has longitudinal and lateral edges bent to form the respective ribs and walls fits within the stowage volume as a vertical stack of plural templates.

Abstract: Tubular stretch correction for different operational conditions is applied to determine tubular wear volume.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a cylindrical target which has almost no distortion in the longitudinal direction. The process for producing a cylindrical target according to the present invention comprises the steps of: processing a target material into a cylindrical shape; providing an adapter for attachment to a sputtering apparatus, in the target material processed into the cylindrical shape; and measuring a straightness in a longitudinal direction of an appearance of the target material having the adapter to confirm whether the straightness of the target material having the adapter is within a predetermined range.

Abstract: In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, a circuit board may include a first trace formed in a first layer of the circuit board, a second trace formed in a second layer of the circuit board, a via, and a termination pad. The via may be configured to electrically couple the first trace to the second trace, the via comprising a via stub corresponding to a first portion of a length of the via not within a second portion of the via between a first location in which the first trace is electrically coupled to the via and a second location in which the second trace is electrically coupled to the via. The termination pad may be formed at an end of the via stub opposite at least one of the first location and the second location.

Abstract: An optical detection device includes a light source emitting a light beam whose electromagnetic field, a means adapted to divide the beam into a first beam defining a first reference pathway and a second beam defining a second sample pathway, a modulation system frequency-shifting the electromagnetic fields of the two beams, a beam coupler adapted to collect the beams, an optical detection system adapted to detect the signal arising from the interference between the beams and coupled via the coupler, the sample being placed in the sample pathway, the optical detection system comprising an optical detector and a device adapted to measure the amplitude and the phase of the signal, an opaque screen comprising an optical aperture is placed at the level of a zone of a sample, in proximity to the sample, in the sample pathway.

Abstract: Interference fringes in a bullseye pattern are produced by a measurement module by interfering a flat reference beam with a spherical beam reflected by a sphere connected to the tip of a probe in point contact with a test object. The bullseye interferogram is registered at a detector and analyzed conventionally to produce a position measurement of the tip of the probe. A beam correction module is used to align the bullseye interferogram with the illumination axis of the measurement module. By combining at least three such measurement modules in a coordinate measurement machine, the three-dimensional position of the probe and of its point contact with the test object can be obtained from analysis of the bullseye interferograms registered by the detectors with high precision and greatly reduced Abbe error.

Abstract: An optical system includes a polarized light phase shift optical circuit that includes a polarizing beam splitter that splits light having a coherence length shorter than a difference in optical path length between a normal optical path and a delay optical path having an optical path length longer than the normal optical path, the light being split into normal light, which travels along the normal optical path, and delay light, which travels along the delay optical path; a separator where the normal light and the delay light are individually emitted at a reference flat and the separator divides the reflected light that reflects off the reference flat into a plurality of light beams; and a plurality of image capture elements that respectively detect the intensities of the plurality of divided light beams, and the optical system also includes an information processor that includes a calibrator.

Abstract: A pipe measuring apparatus includes a measurement probe that performs a non-contact measurement of a pipe as a measurable object; and a displacement mechanism that relatively displaces the measurement probe in three mutually orthogonal axis directions relative to the pipe.

Abstract: A window frame measuring method is provided and includes the steps of: providing a smart electronic device having a window frame measuring application; starting the window frame measuring application of the smart electronic device to allow the image capturing unit to capture a code and a window frame externally and generate a code data and a window frame graphic data, respectively, which are then transmitted to the window frame measuring application by the transmission unit; analyzing and comparing the code data and the window frame graphic data by the window frame measuring application so as to generate a measuring data corresponding to dimensions of the window frame and transmit the measuring data to the display unit for display. Therefore, the window frame measuring method not only enables a user to perform smart human-machine interface interaction but also enhances accuracy in measurement of actual dimensions of window frames.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a dimension measurement apparatus has a camera a processing device. The processing device acquires a distance image of an object to be measured which is to be generated by the camera. The processing device divides the distance image into an X coordinate image, a Y coordinate image, and a Z coordinate image, removes a coordinate point not corresponding to one reference surface of the object to be measured, in the respective coordinate images, and detects coordinate images of the reference surface corresponding to the reference surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of inspecting the wear of a turbine engine part, wherein the method comprises stages in which, by means of a calculator: a reference plane is available; by measuring said part to be inspected, modelling of at least a portion of said part is acquired in the form of a three-dimensional inspection grid (8); the three-dimensional inspection grid (8) is inspected with the reference plane (5), using a dedicated algorithm using a projection of points (10; 10.1, 10.2, . . . , 10.n); if the result of the comparison is included in a predetermined tolerance range, the part is defined as compliant; otherwise, the part is non-compliant.

Abstract: An example method that includes receiving a geometry of a component that includes a plurality of locations on a surface of the component; determining a first target trajectory including a first plurality of target trajectory points and a second target trajectory including a second plurality of target trajectory points, the first and second trajectories offset in a first direction, and the first and second plurality of trajectory points offset in a second direction; determining a respective target coating thickness of the coating based on a target coated component geometry and the geometry; and determining a respective motion vector of a coating device based on the first and second target trajectories to deposit the respective target coating thickness.

Abstract: A device for interferometric distance measurement includes a multiple wavelength light source, which supplies a light beam having at least three different wavelengths and is configured as a fiber laser, which includes at least three different Bragg gratings, whose grating constants are matched to the wavelengths generated. In addition, an interferometer unit is provided, which splits up the light beam into a measuring light beam and a reference light beam. The measuring light beam propagates in a measuring arm, in the direction of a measuring reflector, and there, it is reflected back; the reference light beam propagates in a reference arm, in the direction of a stationary reference reflector, and there, it is reflected back. The measuring and reference light beams reflected back by the measuring and reference reflectors are superimposed in an interfering manner to form an interference light beam.

Abstract: Example position detection means and displacement detection devices are described. A relative position detection means optically detects a relative position of displacement of an object to be measured in a measuring direction, including a target mounted on the object to be measured and irradiated with light from a light source; a light receiver for detection of relative position for receiving light by changing polarization state of reflected light at the target with respect to the light; and a relative position information output unit for outputting relative position information based on displacement of the target in the measuring direction based on change of polarization state of the reflected light. The target includes a reflector mounted on the object to be measured and a birefringent member on the reflector and having a thickness changing from a tip to a base end along the measuring direction.

Abstract: A depth gauge device including a body extending a central longitudinal axis and including a channel and a light-passing hole, the light passing hole open to the channel, a light source mounted in the body for generating a light beam, the light beam passing through the light-passing hole toward a surface of a drill-bit extending through the channel, the light beam forming an incident light beam when reflected away from the drill-bit surface, an image sensor mounted in the body for sensing the incident light beam and generating a plurality of successive images of the drill-bit surface to detect variations in the position of the drill-bit moving through the channel and an clamp coupled to the body, the clamp including a plurality of adjustable arms configured to clamp the device to a protection sleeve.

Abstract: Embodiments pertain measuring the weld penetration depth, particularly in welding, drilling or machining processes carried out by means of a working laser beam, wherein a measurement light beam of a sensor system is coupled into a processing beam path of the working laser beam in a laser machining head and bundled or focused into a measurement light spot on the surface of a workpiece by means of focusing optics of the processing beam path. The measurement light beam reflected on the surface of the workpiece is then returned to a measurement and evaluation unit of the sensor system in order to obtain information on the distance of the surface of the workpiece from the laser machining head.

Abstract: An estimate of distance between a user and a camera on a device is used to determine an illumination pattern density used for speckle pattern illumination of the user in subsequent images. The distance may be estimated using an image captured when the user is illuminated with flood infrared illumination. Either a sparse speckle (dot) pattern illumination pattern or a dense speckle pattern illumination pattern is used depending on the distance between the user's face and the camera.

Abstract: A sample shape measuring method includes a step of preparing illumination light that is to be passed through a predetermined illumination region, a step of irradiating the illumination light to a sample, and a predetermined processing step. The predetermined illumination region is set such that an area of a region of the illumination light passing through a pupil of an observation optical system is smaller than an area of the pupil of the observation optical system. The predetermined processing step includes a step of receiving light emerged from the observation optical system, a step of computing a position of an image of the predetermined illumination region from light received, a step of computing a difference between the position of the image of the predetermined illumination region and a reference position, and a step of calculating an amount of inclination at a surface of the sample, from the difference calculated.

Abstract: In a member inspection device and a member repairing method, an irradiation device irradiates a surface of a member to be inspected with light, an image pickup device picks up an image of a surface portion irradiated with the light, a failure detection device detects a failure area on the basis of a photographed image picked up by the image pickup device, and a determining device classifies the shape of the failure area detected by the failure detection device.

Abstract: A system and method for measuring thicknesses of layers of a multi-layered structure. The method includes generating a terahertz wave pulse, transmitting the terahertz wave pulse to a multi-layered structure having multiple layers of materials, receiving reflected terahertz wave pulses reflected by boundaries between the multiple layers as the terahertz wave pulse penetrates the structure, and processing the reflected terahertz wave pulses to: (i) determine whether the reflected terahertz wave pulses have a pulse width overlap; (ii) in response to determining that a pulse width overlap exists, generate modified reflected terahertz wave pulses; measure the time delays associated with each of the modified reflected terahertz pulses and (ii) determine a thickness of each of the multiple layers of materials based upon the time delay and a material refractive index of each of the materials.

Abstract: A boiler system includes a boiler having at least one heat exchanger having a surface on which a deposit may form. The boiler system further includes at least one retractable sootblower having a lance tube for carrying a high pressure fluid into the boiler. The lance tube is configured such that the high pressure fluid impacts the heat exchanger surface to effect a vibration in the boiler system. The boiler system also includes at least one vibration measuring device coupled to the boiler system. The vibration measuring device is configured to measure the vibration in the boiler system, and the measured vibration indicates presence or absence of the deposit on the heat exchanger surface. The vibration measuring device may optionally detect a vibration caused by the release of the deposit from the surface of the heat exchanger or the impact of the released deposit with a surface in the boiler system.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining location of critical dimension (CD) measurement or inspection are disclosed. Real-time selection of locations to take critical dimension measurements based on potential impact of critical dimension variations at the locations can be performed. The design of a semiconductor device also can be used to predict locations that may be impacted by critical dimension variations. Based on an ordered location list, which can include ranking or criticality, critical dimension can be measured at selected locations. Results can be used to refine a critical dimension location prediction model.

Abstract: A method of determining the minimum radius and the mounting distance of a worm gear member (6) of a worm drive (2). The root portion (26) of a tooth slot (24) is probed at a plurality of points along the length of the root and the locations of the points are utilized as the basis for determining the minimum radius and the mounting distance.

Abstract: A sensing element includes a plurality of sensing pixel areas arranged in matrix, wherein each of the plurality of sensing pixel areas includes a first pixel, a second pixel, a first shielding layer, a second shielding layer and at least one micro lens. The second pixel is adjacent to the first pixel in a predetermined direction. The first shielding layer is disposed on the first pixel and has a first opening, wherein an aperture of the first opening increases along the predetermined direction from a center of the first pixel. The second shielding layer is disposed on the second pixel and has a second opening, wherein a shape of the second opening is mirror symmetrical with that of the first opening in the predetermined direction. The at least one micro lens is disposed on the first shielding layer and the second shielding layer.

Abstract: Determining when a barometric-based approach for estimating an unknown altitude of a mobile device should not be used. Certain systems and methods disclosed herein determine if estimating a currently unknown altitude of the mobile device using a measurement of an atmospheric condition at the currently unknown altitude will result in an estimated altitude of the mobile device that differs from the true altitude of the mobile device by more than a threshold amount of altitude error. If using the measurement of the atmospheric condition will not result in an estimated altitude of the mobile device that differs from the true altitude of the mobile device by more than the threshold amount of altitude error, the currently unknown altitude of the mobile device is estimated using the measurement of the atmospheric condition.

Abstract: A level housing that includes a level housing body that extends along an axis X and includes an axis of symmetry about an axis Y that is perpendicular to the axis X; a first and second flange and a web that extends between the flanges, the first flange comprising a pair of first arms that extend from the web and the first arms defining a coupling slot that includes coupling faces and a channel, the first flange and first arms and second flange being symmetrical about axis Y, the second flange including a pair of second arms; and a plurality of coupling sockets defined by a portion of the web and flanges, the coupling sockets including a respective cavity that extends between the flanges.

Abstract: A technique for preventing decrease in accuracy of measuring a tilt angle of a surveying device is provided. A total station includes a rotating unit, a horizontal angle measuring unit, a tilt sensor, and a tilt amount calculating part. The rotating unit has a distance measuring unit that performs optical surveying, and the rotating unit horizontally rotates. The horizontal angle measuring unit measures a rotation angle of the horizontal rotation of the rotating unit. The tilt sensor measures a tilt of the rotating unit relative to the direction of gravity. The tilt amount calculating part calculates a tilt of the rotating unit on the basis of measured values of the horizontal angle measuring unit before and after the rotating unit rotates.

Abstract: A fenestration installation diagnostic system includes a diagnostic cord and a plurality of diagnostic fittings configured for coupling with a fenestration assembly. Each of the diagnostic fittings includes at least one bracket leg configured to statically couple the diagnostic fitting with the fenestration assembly and at least one alignment interface, and the alignment interface is configured to align the diagnostic cord at a diagnostic intersection. Each of the diagnostic fittings further includes at least one cord guide configured to route the diagnostic cord along the diagnostic fitting and toward another diagnostic fitting of the plurality of diagnostic fittings. In a diagnostic configuration with the fenestration assembly each of the diagnostic fittings are statically with the fenestration assembly, and the diagnostic cord tautly extends from the alignment interfaces of the plurality of diagnostic fittings to the diagnostic intersection.