Abstract: A pipe milling machine for separating and/or cutting a pipe to length is disclosed. In an embodiment the pipe milling machine includes a milling wheel configured to separate the pipe and a motor configured to generate a feed of the pipe milling machine and to drive the milling wheel, wherein driving the milling wheel is independent of separating the pipe.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a reciprocating tool includes a reciprocating plunger, the plunger including an inner wall defining a chamber portion within the plunger, a motor operably connected to the plunger, and a bushing located at least partially within the chamber and contacting the inner wall.

Abstract: A blade guide for a band saw tool includes an adjustment channel mounted to a blade housing. The adjustment channel has a bracket plate with two recesses at an angle to one another. A roller bracket has a ridge that fits into one or the other recess, the roller bracket including rollers to guide the band saw blade. A single screw holds the roller bracket to the bracket plate. The roller bracket may be moved to the other recess to impart a twist to the blade. The blade is used without a twist when the band saw tool is configured for vertical cutting and is used with a twist when the band saw tool is configured for horizontal cutting.

Abstract: In the present disclosure, the high-pressure chamber includes a chamber main body including a flat rectangular parallelepiped block of a metal which is formed with a flat cavity that serves as a substrate processing space in which a processing using a high-pressure fluid is performed on a substrate, and the substrate processing space being formed by machining the block from one of faces of the block other than the widest face towards another face opposing thereto. In a case where the cavity is constituted as a through hole, the though hole is provided with a cover configured to open or close the cavity on one side of the through hole, and a second block configured to air-tightly seal the cavity on the other side.

Abstract: The invention described herein generally pertains to a system and method for a welding device and, in particular, a hybrid welding device, that leverages a renewable energy source for a source of electrical current. The welding device can include one or more renewable energy kits that harvest renewable energy sources for performing a welding operation or a powering at least one of a device or component external to the welding device. The welding device includes renewable energy component that collects an input to convert to an electrical current that can be used as a replacement current, a supplemental current, or a complimentary current.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for providing welding type power is disclosed. A welding type power supply includes an input circuit, a controller and an output circuit. The input circuit receives an input power signal and provides an intermediate power signal. The output circuit receives the intermediate power signal and provides a welding type power output. The output circuit has an inverter with at least two inverter switches, and a clamp circuit that limits the voltage across the inverter. The clamp circuit captures and buffers the excess energy, and returns the excess energy to an input of the inverter over a plurality of switching cycles. The controller has control outputs connected to the input circuit and the output circuit, to control them.

Abstract: A welding system includes a frame having a first sliding track and a second sliding track. The welding system also includes a cover piece having a first set of tabs configured to slide within the first sliding track, and a second set of tabs configured to slide within the second sliding track. The first and second sets of tabs are disposed on opposite sides of the cover piece. The cover piece includes an indention configured to mate with a detent protruding from a fan louver of the frame when the cover piece is slid into an open position. In addition, the welding system includes a plurality of electrical connections. The cover piece substantially covers the plurality of electrical connections when the cover piece is slid into a closed position within the sliding tracks, and the plurality of electrical connections are entirely exposed when the cover piece is slid into the open position within the sliding tracks.

Abstract: An oval nugget can reliably be obtained with this indirect spot welding method. In this indirect spot welding method, an electrode end portion of a welding electrode includes a tip of the welding electrode, and as viewed from the tip, the electrode end portion has a two-step dome shape formed by a first curved surface with a curvature radius r1 (mm) located within a range of a circle of radius R (mm) centering on the tip and a second curved surface with a curvature radius r2 (mm). 2?t?R?6?t (1), 30?r1 (2), and 6?r2?12 (3), where t is the sheet thickness (mm) of a thinner metal sheet.

Abstract: In the indirect spot welding apparatus, a lower limit in a stable pressing force region where the pressing force of the spot welding electrode against the metal sheets can be controlled within a tolerance of ±10% ranges from 70 N to 200 N and an upper limit in the stable pressing force region ranges from 800 N to 2000 N, and an overshoot OS(%)=(PL?AL)/AL×100 of the pressing force occurring when the spot welding electrode is pressed against the metal sheets is controlled to be 10% or less.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a welding electrode and methods of manufacturing the same. The welding electrode can include a composite body having a tip portion and an end portion. The composite body can include a shell defining a cavity through the end portion, the shell comprising a first metal that includes one or more of the following: a precipitation hardened copper alloy, copper alloy, and carbon steel. The composite body can also include a core within the shell, the core extending through the shell from the tip portion to the cavity, the core comprising a second metal that includes dispersion strengthened copper. The core and the shell have a metallurgical bond formed from co-extrusion.

Abstract: An extension arm for attachment to a resistance welding hand piece is disclosed. The extension arm may include an elongated main body extending between a first end and a second end. The first end of the elongated main body may be attachable to the hand piece such that the second end of the elongated main body is spaced apart from the hand piece. The extension arm also may include an electrode extending from the second end of the elongated main body. The electrode may be in electrical communication with the hand piece by way of at least one electrical pathway.

Abstract: A friction stir welding device includes a pair of workpiece surface plates between which a gap extending along a welding line between workpieces is formed; a welding device body including a rotatable friction stir welding tool protruding upward from the gap; and a linear guide mechanism and a moving device for the welding device body. The moving device has a configuration in which a pair of pin racks extending in a direction along the gap are disposed at symmetrical positions on both sides in a width direction with a position immediately below a tool movement path of the friction stir welding tool as a symmetrical axis, and pin gears that individually mesh therewith are provided in the welding device body so as to be rotatably driven. Respective sets of a pin rack and a pin gear are alternately brought into a strong meshing state during the movement of the welding device body by causing the locations of pins and teeth thereof to deviate from each other by a half pitch.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool comprising a composite of a tungsten-rhenium alloy and hafnium carbide particles, wherein a crystallite size of the tungsten-rhenium alloy is no more than 100 nm, wherein the hafnium carbide particles are dispersed within the tungsten-rhenium alloy, a method of fabricating the friction stir welding tool, and a method of friction stir welding a metal joint using the tool. Various embodiments of the friction stir welding tool, the method of fabricating the tool, and the method of friction stir welding using the tool are provided.

Abstract: A process for welding metallic sections that includes providing first and second metallic sections to be welded together, and wherein the welded rail sections will include a weld fusion zone that further includes a weld terminus at each rail section; providing thermite welding dies for use in welding the metallic sections together; covering the thermite welding dies with an oxide displacing or oxide dissolving flux added locally to the edges of the thermite welding dies that are immediately adjacent to the weld fusion zone and the metallic sections; positioning the thermite welding dies on the metallic sections in the region where the metallic sections are to be joined together; and initiating an exothermic reaction between the thermite welding dies and the metallic sections by introducing molten metal into the region where the metallic sections are to be joined together, wherein the exothermic reaction creates a weld between the metallic sections.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure include methods, systems, and computer-readable storage mediums for determining a deviation between an actual position and a desired position of a laser machining head of a laser machining machine. Implementations include actions of selecting at least two different machining positions of the laser machining head, in which a laser beam emitted by the laser machining head is directed onto a desired position of a workpiece, moving the laser machining head into a first selected machining position and forming a through-opening into the workpiece at or around the desired position by operation of the laser beam, moving the laser machining head into a second selected machining position and detecting radiation generated by an interaction between the laser beam and the workpiece, and determining whether there is a deviation between an actual position of the laser machining head and the desired position based on the detected radiation.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and systems for piercing, drilling, or cutting metal workpieces in a laser processing operation. The methods include focusing a pulsed laser beam onto a processing location on a workpiece; detecting process radiation emitted from the processing location; determining an intensity of the process radiation at a plurality of temporally sequential times during pulse pauses; determining an intensity gradient of the process radiation; comparing the intensity gradient with a gradient threshold value; and detecting a spontaneous material removal on the workpiece when the number of times the gradient threshold value has been exceeded is above a predetermined limit value. When a spontaneous material removal is detected, the system changes one or both of a laser parameter and a processing parameter of the laser processing operation. The disclosure also relates to processing machines for carrying out the methods.

Abstract: A laser beam irradiation unit of laser processing apparatus includes a pulse laser beam oscillating unit, a condenser that condenses a pulse laser beam and emits the beam to a workpiece held by a chuck table, a dichroic mirror disposed between the pulse laser beam oscillating unit and the condenser, a strobe light irradiation unit that emits light to a path on which the dichroic mirror and the condenser are disposed, a beam splitter disposed between the strobe light irradiation unit and the dichroic mirror, and an imaging unit disposed on the path of light split by the beam splitter. A controller actuates the strobe light irradiation unit and the imaging unit according to the timing of the pulse laser beam, and detects the width of a laser-processed groove immediately after emission of the pulse laser beam on the basis of an image signal from the imaging unit.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing temperature controller/temperature sensor uses one or more spectrophotometric sensors to monitor temperature of successive layers and preferably localized sections of successive layers of a melt pool, and transients thereof, of an object being generated for the purpose of dynamic control of the additive manufacturing device and/or quality control of the generated object manufactured with the additive manufacturing device. Generally, the additive manufacturing temperature controller/sensor apparatus monitors temperature of a section of the object during manufacture as a function of wavelength, time, position, and/or angle to determine melt extent in terms of radius and/or depth.

Abstract: A method for determining a laser welding condition of the present disclosure includes a first step, a second step, and a third step. In the first step, workpiece information indicating characteristics of a workpiece is input. In the second step, laser information indicating characteristics of laser light is input. In the third step, a first welding condition is calculated based on the workpiece information and the laser information, and then displayed. The first welding condition is any one of a recommended laser power of the laser light, a recommended welding speed, a recommended welding pattern, an estimated strength of a welded portion, and an estimated weld depth of the welded portion. Furthermore, the workpiece information includes a joint shape of the workpiece. Thus, an optimum weld condition can be set while considering a shape of a joint in welding.

Abstract: A laser manufacturing system capable of fabricating 3-D resolved 2-D patterns. The system includes a pulse laser source generating a laser beam; a reflectance mirror arranged in the propagation path of the laser to reflect the laser, the mirror being controllable to adjust an emergent angle of the laser; a deformable dispersion unit located in the laser receiving path from the reflectance mirror and having an array of micromirrors controllable in response to the adjusted emergent angle to form required laser patterns from the reflected laser, the laser patterns having spatially separated optical spectral components with multiple propagation angles; and one or more focusing optical components positioned in the propagation path of the separated optical spectral components produced by the deformable dispersion unit; the focusing components recombine the optical spectral components at fabrication targets with patterns defined by the deformable dispersion unit.

Abstract: A method is described for manufacturing a micromechanical component including a substrate and a cap connected to the substrate, the cap, together with the substrate, enclosing a first cavity, a first pressure prevailing and a first gas mixture having a first chemical composition being enclosed in the first cavity. An access opening connecting the first cavity to surroundings of the micromechanical component is formed in the substrate or in the cap. The first pressure and/or the first chemical composition is adjusted in the first cavity. The access opening is sealed by introducing energy or heat into an absorbing part of the substrate or of the cap with the aid of a laser. The introduction of the energy or heat is controlled with the aid of a laser beam, which includes a spatial laser pulse expansion.

Abstract: A method of laser processing a component within an assembled apparatus using a boroscope, which includes a working head having first and second ends. A first optical fiber extends through the boroscope to a position between the first and second ends. A second optical fiber extends through the boroscope to the second end. A laser optical fiber extends through the boroscope. At least one lens is arranged between the first and second ends of the working head and a mirror is gimballed to the second end. The laser optical fiber directs laser light transmitted through the laser optical fiber onto the lens and then onto the mirror. A first LED is arranged at a position between the first and second ends of the working head and a second LED is arranged at the second end and an actuator device adjust the position of the mirror.

Abstract: A laser cutting apparatus that cuts a workpiece by radiating a laser beam thereon. The laser cutting apparatus is provided with a laser entrance portion to which an optical fiber that transmits the laser beam is fixed and an optical system through which the laser beam radiated from the optical fiber fixed by the laser entrance portion passes. The laser entrance portion includes a moving portion that moves or tilts the optical fiber with respect to the optical system and a fixing portion that fixes the moved or tilted optical fiber with respect to the optical system.

Abstract: A method for forming a laser processed hole in a workpiece configured by bonding a transparent first member formed of a first material and a second member formed of a second material. The method includes holding the workpiece by a chuck table with a side of the first member directed upward; applying a pulsed laser beam to the workpiece from the upward side of the first member; detecting a wavelength of plasma light generated by applying the pulsed laser beam to the workpiece; and controlling the laser beam according to a detection signal from the plasma light. The plasma is detected by: passing only the wavelength of plasma light generated from the first material, and detecting the plasma light generated from the first material and outputting a light intensity signal based on the detection. The processed hole extends entirely through the first member without melting the second member.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a metal basket contains the steps of preparing materials, initial welding, bending, and finish welding. In a step of preparing materials, multiple first metal bars, multiple second metal bars, and at least two peripheral bars are provided. In a step of initial welding, the multiple first metal bars and the multiple second metal bars are stacked crisscross and are welded together to produce a grid frame which has a base and multiple surrounding grids, and the at least two peripheral bars are welded with the multiple surrounding grids respectively. In a step of bending, the grid frame and the multiple surrounding grids are bent, such that the multiple surrounding grids are bent upwardly and are perpendicular to the base. In a step of finish welding, the at least two peripheral bars are welded together.

Abstract: One or more specific embodiments herein includes a method for making a poison pad configured to be coupled to a pipe elbow joint, comprising providing or obtaining a die. The die comprises a first die portion, a second die portion, and an insert die portion providing or obtaining a blank, positioning the insert die portion between the first die portion and the second die portion, positioning the blank between either the first die portion and the insert die portion or the insert die portion and the second die portion, and pressing the blank between the first die portion and the second die portion such that the shape of the blank corresponds to one or more of the first die portion, second die portion, and insert die portion to form the poison pad or a precursor structure to become the poison pad.

Abstract: An aluminum composite material includes a first metallic plate, a second metallic plate, and a matrix material that is interposed between the first metallic plate and the second metallic plate and is formed of aluminum powder. Gadolinium oxide particles are dispersed in the matrix material.

Abstract: A nickel particle composition is shown, including: A) a nickel particle having an average particle size in the range of 0.5 ?m to 20 ?m obtained via a laser diffraction/scattering method and containing 50 wt % or more of a nickel element; B) a nickel fine particle having an average primary particle size in the range of 30 nm to 200 nm observed via a scanning electron microscope and containing 50 wt % or more of a nickel element; and C) an organic binder in the range of 0.1 wt % to 2.5 wt % relative to the total metal content; and the weight ratio of a component A to a component B (component A:component B) is in the range of 30:70 to 70:30.

Abstract: A package structure for welding powder has a casing and a casing cover. The casing cover is deposited on the cover. The casing and the casing cover are made of metallic copper. The casing cover has a protruding segment being cylindrical and formed on a bottom surface of the casing cover, and a mounting recess being round and formed in a top surface of the casing cover corresponding to the protruding segment for storing fine welding powder. The package structure has a fire strip deposited on the top surface of the casing cover and extending into the mounting recess via a top opening of the mounting recess, and a sealing sheet deposited on the top surface of the casing cover to hold the fire strip securely with the casing cover and seal the top opening of the mounting recess.

Abstract: A system and method for solid state metal plate repair is provided. A solid state metal plate repair system may comprise a drill, a cutter and a plug. The plug may be configured to fill a void created by the cutter. The plug may also be configured to create a metallurgical bond with the metal plate during a repair operation. The plug may also be configured to shear from the drill (e.g., drive motor) when an expected rise in torque indicates a sufficient bond has been achieved in the repair. The systems and methods described herein may be used on specialty alloys wherein other repair methods are undesirable.

Abstract: An oil cooler has a core portion (1) formed of stacked core plates (5), a bottom plate (2), a second bottom plate (3) and a top plate (4), and these are brazed in a furnace. The core plate (5) has oil communication ports (13), cooling water communication ports (14) and an oil outlet port (15). The lower end core plate (5) has a boss portion (16) surrounding the cooling water communication port (14) and a boss portion (17) surrounding the oil outlet port (15). Opening portions (32, 33) opposite to the boss portions (16, 17) are formed through the bottom plate (2). Therefore, at the time of the brazing, a melted brazing material is not excessively gathered in the boss portion (16, 17) because the melted brazing material is absorbed in the opening portions (32, 33).

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for machining a planar workpiece, having a machine stand which has a support surface (application surface) for a planar workpiece, and further having a machining head which can be moved relative to the support surface, which machining head has a tool for machining the workpiece and also has a holding unit (“hold-down unit”) with a pressure plate whereby the workpiece is pressed against the supporting surface; characterized in that the pressure plate has a structure which is comprised of a plurality of pieces, preferably two pieces, wherein at least one of the pressure plate parts is movable back and forth relative to at least one other pressure plate part, namely it is movable between the application position, in which the pressure plate part presses the workpiece against the application surface when the workpiece is applied to said application surface, and a released position, in which the pressure plate piece is at a minimum distance away from the workpiece when the workpie

Abstract: A fluid-powered high-speed spindle (100) having a longitudinal axis (A) defining an upper end defined by a shank and a lower end accepting a tool. The spindle includes a body (120), a rotatable shaft (530) supported by at least one bearing (508) within the body (120), a seal housing (150) connected to the body (120) at the lower end thereof, a cover (180) connected to the seal housing (150) at the lower end thereof, a fluid channel system for directing fluid from an entry port (102) to a nozzle (576) for turning a turbine (570) attached to the shaft (530); and a flinger (660) attached to the shaft (530) and positioned above the turbine (570). The flinger (660) and the seal housing (150) combine to form a non-contact seal (900) configured to impede the flow of fluid toward the at least one bearing (508).

Abstract: A live tool system having a live tool and a collar surrounding a rotating shaft or a rotating cutting tool of the live tool. The collar houses at least one sensor capable of monitoring an operating condition proximate to the cutting tool during a cutting operation. Example operating conditions including temperature and vibration. The system also includes a wireless transmitter in communication with the at least one sensor for transmitting a signal for use by a machining center controller.

Abstract: A power tool (e.g., a pneumatic tool) includes a tool housing, a motor disposed in the tool housing, and a switch coupled to the tool housing and configured to control operation of the motor. A light unit includes a light unit housing removably coupleable to the tool housing. The light unit includes a light disposed in the light unit housing, a controller, and a sensor. The sensor is configured to sense actuation of the switch, and the controller is configured to cause the light to turn on when the sensor senses that the switch is actuated.

Abstract: A machine tool for machining workpieces, wherein the machine tool has a first spindle assembly and at least one second spindle assembly each having at least two working spindles which are arranged in a common spindle housing and on which in each case a machining tool for workpiece machining is arrangeable, wherein the machine tool has a workpiece holding device for holding workpieces for the purpose of workpiece machining by way of the machining tools, wherein the machine tool has a guide arrangement for the relative positioning of the workpiece holding device holding the workpieces and the first and the at least one second spindle assembly for workpiece machining.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for machining a workpiece (1) by a grinding machine, comprising the step of rotating and translating the workpiece along a first axis (4) toward the first abrasive wheel; rotating an abrasive wheel (6) around a second axis (61) and translating it along a third axis (62) such that the abrasive wheel grinds a peripheral portion (103) of the workpiece; the abrasive wheel being positioned in a position in translation along the third axis; and wherein the position in translation is determined as a function of a position and of an angular position of the workpiece around the first axis. The invention further related to a grinding machine for carrying out such method.

Abstract: A finishing device has a pressing arm and a pressing tool for pressing a finishing tool against a workpiece, and method for setting up the device, the device being provided with a first connecting device for connecting a base support to the pressing arm, a second connecting device for connecting the base support to the pressing tool and a setting device for setting the orientation and/or position of the base support on the pressing arm.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a flexible device for burr removing, which is composed of a frame (1), lower flanges (2), guide posts (3), thrust cylinders (4), guide sleeves (5), thrust shafts (6), sleeves (7), a movable plate (8), upper flanges (9), a dust guard (10), cylinder housings (11) and the like. The flexible device for burr removing in use can meet the requirement for brushing burrs on wheels having two different sizes in one burr brusher, has the characteristics of ideal effect, high efficiency, safety and reliability in work and high degree of automation, and is particularly suitable for batch production on production lines.

Abstract: An accessory for use with an oscillating power tool includes an attachment plate and a raised annular rim extending from the attachment plate. The raised annular rim has a central recess and a keyed sidewall with a star shape configured to be engaged by a first mating geometry of an oscillating power tool. The raised annular rim may further include a receiving portion formed thereon configured to be engaged by a second mating geometry of an oscillating power tool.

Abstract: A method of controlling polishing includes polishing a substrate at a first polishing station, monitoring the substrate with a first eddy current monitoring system to generate a first signal, determining an ending value of the first signal for an end of polishing of the substrate at the first polishing station, determining a first temperature at the first polishing station, polishing the substrate at a second polishing station, monitoring the substrate with a second eddy current monitoring system to generate a second signal, determining a starting value of the second signal for a start of polishing of the substrate at the second polishing station, determining a gain for the second polishing station based on the ending value, the starting value and the first temperature, and calculating a third signal based on the second signal and the gain.

Abstract: A method for co-finishing surfaces bonds a first structure formed of a first material and having a first surface in an aperture defined in a second structure formed of a second material and having a second surface such that there is an offset between the first surface and the second surface. The first surface and the second surface are co-lapped to reduce the offset. The first surface and second surface are co-polished to further reduce the offset. The first surface and second surfaces may then be flush. Edges of the first surface may be chamfered to mitigate damage during co-lapping and/or co-polishing. Fill material may be positioned in gaps between the first and second structures to mitigate damage during co-lapping and/or co-polishing.

Abstract: The present invention provides a chemical mechanical (CMP) polishing pad for polishing, for example, a semiconductor substrate, having one or more endpoint detection windows (windows) which at a thickness of 2 mm would have a UV cut-off at a wavelength of 325 nm or lower which are the product of a reaction mixture of (A) from 30 to 56 wt. % of one or more cycloaliphatic diisocyanates or polyisocyanates with (B) from 43 to 69.9999 a polyol mixture of (i) a polymeric diol having an average molecular weight of from 500 to 1,500, such as a polycarbonate diol for hard windows and a polyether polyol for soft windows and (ii) a triol having an average molecular weight of from 120 to 320 in a weight ratio of (B)(i) polymeric diol to (B)(ii) triol ranging from 1.6:1 to 5.2:1, and a catalyst, preferably a secondary or tertiary amine, all weight percent's based on the total solids weight of the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A polishing pad includes and upper portion and one or more lower portions. The upper portion has an upper surface for attachment to a pad carrier and a first lateral dimension. The one or more lower portions project downward from the upper portion. A bottom surface of the one or more lower portions provide a contact surface to contact a substrate during chemical mechanical polishing. Each lower portion has a second lateral dimension that is less than the first lateral dimension. A total surface area of the contact surface from the one or more lower portions is no more than 10% of a surface area of the upper surface.

Abstract: A processing end point detection method detects a timing of a processing end point (e.g., polishing stop, changing of polishing conditions) by calculating a characteristic value of a surface of a workpiece (an object of polishing) such as a substrate. This method includes producing a spectral waveform indicating a relationship between reflection intensities and wavelengths at a processing end point, with use of a reference workpiece or simulation calculation, based on the spectral waveform, selecting wavelengths of a local maximum value and a local minimum value of the reflection intensities, calculating the characteristic value with respect to a surface, to be processed, from reflection intensities at the selected wavelengths, setting a distinctive point of time variation of the characteristic value at a processing end point of the workpiece as the processing end point, and detecting the processing end point of the workpiece by detecting the distinctive point during processing of the workpiece.

Abstract: Apparatus for treating parts to remove imperfections in the parts includes: a chamber; a rotatable basket within the chamber; a source of liquified cold fluid; a source of dry ice particles; a programmed controller to control rotation of the basket, activation of the liquified cold fluid, cycle times and activation of the dry ice particles. The controller is programmed to activate rotation of the rotatable basket, activate the source of liquified cold fluid and activate the dry ice particles to treat parts in the rotatable basket.

Abstract: Provided are abrasive articles, and related methods, that include a flexible abrasive layer having opposed first and second major surfaces, a foam backing bonded to the second major surface, the foam backing being resiliently compressible, and a plurality of slits disposed on the first major surface and penetrating through the flexible abrasive layer and at least partially through the foam backing. In further disclosed embodiments, the abrasive article includes, a flexible abrasive layer having opposed first and second major surfaces, a structured member extending across the second major surface of the flexible abrasive layer, where the structured member and the flexible abrasive layer have respective three-dimensional patterns of discrete, isolated wells that correspond to each other, and a foam backing extending across a major surface of the structured member opposite the flexible abrasive layer, the foam backing being resiliently compressible.

Abstract: A locking pliers includes a fixed handle. A fixed jaw is connected to the fixed handle. A movable jaw cooperates with the fixed jaw and includes movable and fixed pivoting regions. A movable handle is pivotally connected to the movable pivoting region. A movable pivot unit includes a pivot pin engaging with the fixed handle and the fixed pivoting region, and a pivot hole is disposed in one of the fixed handle and the fixed pivoting region and configured and dimensioned to loosely receive the pivot pin. The pivot hole has a first diametrical size and the pivot pin has a second diametrical size not greater than 0.8 times the first diametrical size. A biasing member engages with the fixed handle and the movable jaw.

Abstract: A hand tool includes a first jaw, a first handle fixed to the first jaw, a second jaw, and a second handle pivotally coupled to the second jaw, a link member, and an adjustment member. The adjustment member is operable to axially move a first end of the link member to vary a distance between the first and second jaws. The adjustment member includes an engagement surface engageable with the first end of the link member, a shank in threaded engagement with a bore in the first handle, and a flange extending from the shank opposite the engagement portion. The flange includes a first side, a second side opposite the first side, and an elongate opening extending through the first and second sides.

Abstract: A vehicle body manufacturing apparatus includes: side jig frames disposed respectively on the right and left sides of a vehicle body; an upper jig frame installed between the side jig frames, the upper jig frames including a pair of front and rear frame members insertable into the inside of the vehicle body through front and rear openings of the vehicle body, respectively; a connection mechanism that removably connects insertion ends of the pair of frame members; and a clamping mechanism that is held on the upper jig frame and that positions the vehicle body.