Abstract: Thermal energy guiding systems and methods for fabricating thermal energy guiding systems are provided. A thermal energy guiding system includes a thermal energy source and an anisotropic thermal guiding coating in thermal communication with a surface of the thermal energy source. The anisotropic thermal guiding coating includes a plurality of layers including a first layer and a second layer. The first layer has a first thermal conductivity and the second layer has a second thermal conductivity. The plurality of layers are non-uniformly arranged on the surface of the thermal energy source in order to guide thermal energy from the thermal energy source according to a thermal energy management objective.

Abstract: Various methods and systems are provided for cryogenic heat transfer by nanoporous surfaces. In one embodiment, among others, a system includes a cryogenic fluid in a flow path of the system; and a system component in the flow path that includes a nanoporous surface layer in contact with the cryogenic fluid. In another embodiment, a method includes providing a cryogenic fluid; and initiating chilldown of a cryogenic system by directing the cryogenic fluid across a nanoporous surface layer disposed on a surface of a system component.

Abstract: A speed loader clip for supporting a plurality of cartridges in a cylindrical array, prior to being loaded into a plurality of individual chambers configured within a rotated open cylinder barrel of a revolver style firearm. A band of a solid one piece plasticized material includes individual pairs of inward projecting and arcuate grasping portions adapted for supporting individual ones of the cartridges. End support tabs extend between each of the pairs of projecting portions for preventing cartridge slide-out during loading into the cylinder barrel.

Abstract: A pistol with a frame, including a trigger mechanism and a movable slide, in which a barrel, a recoil spring, and a firing mechanism comprising a firing pin are located. The firing pin is movably mounted in a firing pin guide, where the firing pin guide has a holding plate on the end, which is pivoted in a holding notch in the slide, the slide being affixed in one angle of rotation of the holding plate and not in one other angle of rotation, and that the holding plate has a stop retainer, which abuts against a stop level in the frame and prevents the firing pin guide (spacer sleeve) and the firing pin from moving forward with the slide when the slide is removed from the frame.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods of manufacturing are disclosed with regard to a rapid-fire accessory that mounts onto a semi-automatic firearm using structural features thereof and/or added thereon to guide a trigger actuator for engaging a trigger and repeatedly firing the semi-automatic firearm. The rapid-fire accessory does not require the removal or replacement of the original, replacement, or aftermarket firearm grip or most other components of the firearm. The rapid-fire accessory provides a structural component an operator may hold that facilitates bump firing the semi-automatic firearm. Once mounted on the semi-automatic firearm, the rapid-fire accessory may slide rearward and forward, using a bottom rail on or below a forend of the semi-automatic firearm as a guiding surface and securing element.

Abstract: An interlocking, positioning and firing device for a toy gun includes a trigger element, top portion formed on the trigger element, at least one toggle assembly configured on one side of the trigger element and bullet room element configured on one side of the toggle assembly, bullet placement spaces formed on the bullet room element, at least one interlocking element configured on one side of the trigger element and operated in cooperation therewith and hitting assembly configured on one side of the interlocking element and operated in cooperation therewith to hit bullets. Whereby, the bullets can be mounted inside the bullet placement spaces, and the toggle assembly can be forced to toggle the bullet room element by propping the top portion against the toggle assembly and the hitting element cannot be acted until the bullet is positioned correspondingly to the hitting element when the trigger element is pulled.

Abstract: A muzzle device and blast shield. The muzzle device includes a body portion having a central borehole, and wherein the body portion comprises a plurality of prongs defined between longitudinally extending slots formed in the body portion and porting apertures, wherein the porting apertures provide fluid communication between an exterior of the muzzle device and at least one longitudinally extending slot. The blast shield includes a body portion having a central borehole, wherein the body portion comprises a couple portion having an internal cavity, a barrel extension portion extending into at least a portion of the internal cavity, and a plurality of porting apertures, wherein the porting apertures provide fluid communication between an exterior of the blast shield and the internal cavity.

Abstract: A weapon rest for placing a weapon on includes a bar that is oriented horizontally. A plurality of mounts is releasably positioned on the bar in an upright position wherein a weapon is positionable across each of the mounts such that the weapon rest thereon.

Abstract: A practice weapon, having a conventional handle piece with a lock for a drop barrel, with a trigger mechanism which optionally has a rotary bearing for a rotatable trigger, with a spring base on which the return spring is supported; and with a practice breech with a fixed practice barrel. In order to permit a conversion without the use of a tool, an adapter is inserted into the handle piece, the adapter being supported firstly above the trigger mechanism, optionally above the rotary bearing, on a brace and secondly in the upper region of the spring base of the handle piece. Furthermore, the upper region of the adapter has guides for the practice barrel, and the lock interacts with a locking carriage, which is formed in a locking slot of the adapter, in such a manner that the locking carriage secures the practice barrel.

Abstract: A training method and apparatus are disclosed. The training method may include converting a firearm capable of firing live ammunition to a pneumatic training device incapable of firing live ammunition. The training method may further include cycling a pneumatic training device through one or more cycles. Each of the cycles may simulate an actual firing of the firearm. Each of the cycles may also include triggering a trigger assembly of the pneumatic training device, using a charge of a pressurized gas to reset the trigger assembly, and advancing a counter of the pneumatic training device. After a certain number of cycles have been completed, a next cycle may be attempted, but not completed. Accordingly, the training method may enable a user to safely and realistically practice reloading, jam or malfunction clearing, or the like.

Abstract: A crossbow including a frame with a riser and a center rail. First and second flexible limbs are attached to the riser. A draw string is received in string guide journals in first and second cams rotatably attached to the frame. The draw string unwinds from the string guide journals as it translates between a released configuration and a drawn configuration. The first and second cams include at least first and second power cable take-up journals, respectively. At least first and second power cables are attached to the first and second limbs and received in the first and second power cable take-up journals, respectively. As the crossbow is drawn from the released configuration to the drawn configuration the first and second power cables wrap onto the respective first and second power cable take-up journals.

Abstract: A retention structure of a crossbow contains a fixer including a seat, a rolling element, a resilient element, and a shock absorber. The seat has an affix sheet, a fitting tube, at least one threaded aperture, an accommodation aperture, and an engagement portion. A diameter of the engagement portion is less than that of the accommodation aperture. The seat contacts with the connection mount. At least one screwing element screws with the at least one threaded aperture via the at least one locking orifice. The rolling element is housed in the accommodation aperture of the seat and is limited by the engagement portion. The resilient element is housed in the accommodation aperture and abuts against the connection mount and the rolling element. The shock absorber has a through hole and fits on the fitting tube of the seat by using the through hole.

Abstract: A crossbow having a string below the barrel and an arrow rest on top of the barrel. The carriage rides in a track along the length of the barrel. A bottom side of the carriage contacts the string. The upper side of the carriage extends through the upper edge of the barrel and contacts the nock at the aft end of the arrow. The string does not contact the barrel. The string, at about a midpoint, contacts the lower side of the carriage. The string does not rub on the barrel of the crossbow so energy loss and friction damage to the string are avoided.

Abstract: A muzzle loading breech plug system designed for high performance muzzle loading rifles, including, but not limited to, bolt actions and break actions. The system is comprised of the following: 1) A breech plug body threaded to fit corresponding threads on the muzzle loading firearm. 2) A bushing designed to prevent powder from passing completely through the barrel, but still allowing flame from primer to ignite powder while being resistant to gas wear. 3) A retention module/adapter insert that holds bushing in place while mating with primer holder module. 4) Primer holder module designed to hold a large rifle magnum primer and mate up with the other components of the system providing reliable sealing and consistent ignition.

Abstract: A grip for use on a firearm includes a base surface, portions that are raised above the base surface, and/or portions that are lower than the base surface. The grip may include raised portions and lowered portions that alternate vertically and/or horizontally on the grip. The raised portions may be 0.005? to 0.050? above the surface, and the lowered portions may be 0.005? to 0.050? lower than the surface. The grip may be formed of any suitable material, such as plastic or rubber, and made in any suitable manner, such as injection molding or vacuum molding. The raised portions and/or lowered portions may include one or more of designs, letters, and numbers.

Abstract: Embodiments of the disclosure are directed to a rapid adjust buckle for a rifle sling. The buckle can include a main buckle portion with a pair of side portions and a handle portion extending between the pair of side portions and over the main buckle portion to define a handle aperture. In various embodiments the handle portion and the main buckle portion are a unitary piece composed of a polymer material with the handle portion being flexibly biased towards an uncompressed open shape such that the handle portion is configured to compress against the main buckle portion in response to a compressing force but return to the uncompressed open shape when the compressing force is relieved. In one or more embodiments the handle portion includes a plurality of jointed connection points configured to flatten the profile of the handle portion when the handle portion is exposed to the compressing force.

Abstract: A holster assembly is configured to be worn on a belt. The holster assembly has a holster inner portion, joined to a holster outer portion. The holster outer portion further includes an outer wall that is defined by an outer wall axis. A first clip is joined to the holster inner portion and the holster outer portion. The first clip further comprises a first clip upper portion top portion that is an arc that is extruded along a top portion central axis. An angle measured counterclockwise from the top portion central axis to the outer wall axis is at least five degrees but no more than fifteen degrees.

Abstract: A sighting/training device configured to be mounted to a pistol handle of a gun incorporates a light source, a power source, and a control. The device has at least two operating modes and a switch to select one of the modes. In a first operating mode the light source emits light when a button grip is pressed by a user, and does not emit light when the button grip is not depressed. In a second mode the light source emits light when a sound, such as the sound of a gun firing pin, is detected.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the technical field of sighting telescopes, and specifically relates to a pitching angle fitting method for an integrated precision photoelectric sighting system. The present invention puts forward a precision photoelectric sighting system which is simple in shooting calibration and quick and accurate in sighting, adapts to any environmental factor and can furthest reduce the use of sensors and realize double-eye sighting, and provides a pitching angle fitting method for an integrated precision photoelectric sighting system. The system comprises a view field acquisition unit, a display unit, a ranging unit and a sighting circuit unit; the sighting circuit unit is provided with a memory card, the memory card stores the pitching angle fitting method, and precision shooting in any environment is realized using the integrated precision photoelectric sighting system.

Abstract: New targeting systems, hardware and techniques are provided, in which an auxiliary probe is first launched and deployed at a target. Extremely precise, deliberate targeting for future projectiles, weapons or non-lethal measures is then made relative to the position and orientation of the probe. In one embodiment, a system enables a sniper to plan measures with extreme precision within an environment, evaluate their effectiveness, and execute them extremely rapidly once satisfied. A user may create, set, adjust and execute Impact Point indicators, corresponding with projected points of impact of a projectile on a target subject within a target environment. The system may counteract and otherwise adjust for certain ballistic and environmental factors in a firing mechanism to maintain such an Impact Point fire ready, in real time. Yet the system is unobtrusive, allowing the user to engage ordinary targeting activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a ballistic shade system which provides a means for rolling up and down ballistic material and holding it in place during a ballistic event.

Abstract: The invention provides a heat accumulator (1) for vaporizing fog liquid in a fog generator, the heat accumulator comprising multiple closely contiguous, parallel oriented rods (2) with a diameter of between 0.2 mm and 15 mm.

Abstract: A curtain of a flexible fabric is provided that is deployable to create a physical and visual barrier between an employee and a person perpetuating a crime such as a robbery or assault. The barrier can be in the form of a curtain that is electrified with an extreme high voltage, similar to a stun gun, and which prevents the assailant from approaching an employee or a restricted area. The curtain can be mounted in any area where it is beneficial to limit site and access of a trespasser or an assailant, such as between a cashier at a convenience store and the store's open retail area. The curtain can also be used to create temporary safe rooms or deployed within hallways of a restricted area to limit movement of an intruder.

Abstract: A bullet collecting robot comprises a bullet collecting device, a travel driving mechanism, and a controller. The bullet collecting device comprises a collection bin including a bullet accommodating cavity and a collection opening in communication with the bullet accommodating cavity, a friction roller provided at the collection opening, and a collection driving member connected with the friction roller. The travel driving mechanism is configured to drive the bullet collecting device to move. The controller is connected in communication with the collection driving member and the travel driving mechanism, and is configured to control the collection driving member and the travel driving mechanism.

Abstract: A disclosed example embodiment includes a shaped charge for use in a well perforating system. The shaped charge includes a housing having a discharge end and an initiation end. A liner is positioned with the housing. A main explosive is positioned within the housing between the liner and the initiation end of the housing. The liner has a radially outwardly disposed concave section having a progressively decreasing wall thickness in the direction from the initiation end to the discharge end of the housing and a radially inwardly disposed convex section having a progressively increasing wall thickness in the direction from the initiation end to the discharge end of the housing such that the liner is radial momentum balanced and operable to form a coherent jet having a hollow leading edge following detonation of the shaped charge.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ignition capsule for a gas generator of an occupant restraint system in a motor vehicle, in particular for the gas generator of an inflatable airbag, said ignition capsule comprising means for supporting extremely high pressures during ignition.

Abstract: A cartridge casing comprises a casing tube having a first end and a head cap. The first end of the casing tube abuts and is joined with the head cap such that an orifice in the first end of the casing tube is aligned with a passage in the head cap to define a flash passage. The head cap and casing tube are held together by a deformable member.

Abstract: When combined with a metal point, this ten inch plastic pistol crossbow bolt is designed to extend past the barrel of a pistol crossbow so it can be used for recreational shooting, competition shooting, small game hunting, pistol crossbow fishing and pistol crossbow scuba fishing. The main fault of the standard bolt for a pistol crossbow is they are less than seven inches in length and do not extend past the end of a pistol crossbow barrel. Therefore, their use is limited to target points and recreational shooting only. Other faults of the standard short bolts are their high travel speed. They are very difficult to be viewed in flight, causing most bolts to be lost after one use. Also, their irretrievability from any commonly used target. Therefore, they cannot be found and scored in any type of shooting competition. This ten inch bolt is a solid one piece unit made of a strong but, light weight plastic compound. It has a NOCK to securely hold the bow string in place. Most bolts do not have a nock.

Abstract: Shot shells with enhanced performance due to inclusion of an absorber between the shot wad and the shot payload. The absorber reduces the pressure within a shot gun's chamber during firing of the shell, such as by absorbing energy generated during the firing process, and may thereafter return some of the energy to the pellets as the absorber and pellets are propelled along the fireman's barrel. Accordingly, the absorber enables a shot shell to generate shot payload velocities that are greater than would be achieved without the absorber, typically at a lower internal chamber pressure. In some embodiments, the absorber has (1) a Young's Modulus of less than 2,000 psi (137.9 bar), (2) a compressive strength of at least 100 psi (6.9 bar) and/or less than 10,000 psi (689.5 bar), and/or (3) a tensile strength of at least 145 psi (10 bar) and/or less than 10,000 psi (689.5 bar).

Abstract: A non-jacketed expandable bullet including a monolithic sintered body. The monolithic sintered body includes a base portion and a deformed hollow nose portion extending distally from a distal end of the base portion. Also, a method of manufacturing a non-jacketed expandable bullet including providing a monolithic sintered body including a base portion and a hollow peripheral portion extending distally from a distal end of the base portion and forming the hollow peripheral portion into the shape of a hollow tapered nose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for separating empty or used ammunition cartridges, in particular spent plastic shotgun shells, in order to allow the plastic and metal component parts of the cartridge to be recycled, the system comprising a restraint which defines a guideway within which the metal head of the cartridge may be slidingly engaged, and a clamp in the form of a pair of chains arranged to define a clamping path between opposed portions of the chains and along which clamping path the case may be drawn, the guideway diverging from the clamping path so as to draw the case out of register with the head as the cart ridge is displace along the clamping path.

Abstract: What is presented is a high power igniter that releasably secures to a cutting apparatus that is used for radially projecting a flow of heated gas to cut from an internal surface through an external surface of a conduit used for oil, gas, mining, and underwater pressure sealed tool applications. The high power igniter comprises an igniter housing adapted to be positioned in the conduit. The igniter housing comprises a containment sub and a nozzle sub that releasably secure to each other. The nozzle sub for directing the flow of the heated gas toward the cutting apparatus and releasably securing to the cutting apparatus. A high wattage heater in the igniter housing comprises a metal magnalium thermite pellet insertable into the igniter housing for creating the flow of heated gas when the high power igniter is in use and a pellet igniting device.

Abstract: A double ball-bar measuring system includes a calibration unit, at least two double ball-bars and a measuring module. Among the double ball-bars, at least one is a measuring double ball-bar and at least one is a reference double ball-bar. The measuring double ball-bar is installed on a measurement apparatus to measure or calibrate a target machine. The reference double ball-bar is disposed on the calibration unit to measure thermal errors. When the target machine is driven for measurement or calibration, the geometric and thermal errors of the measuring double ball-bar are compensated so that the measurement apparatus can achieve highly accurate measurement.

Abstract: A fabrication and monitoring device for micro probe ball tips includes a magnetic field generator, a 3-dimensional displacement adjusting mechanism, a wire supplier and an image monitoring system. The magnetic field generator includes a U-shaped electromagnet. The 3-dimensional displacement adjusting mechanism includes a 2-dimensional moving platform, a 1-dimensional moving platform, a guiding tube, and a sparking plug. The wire supplier includes a transmission wheel, a pressing roller, a wire feeding roller and a tungsten wire material supplier. The image monitoring system includes a micro objective, a third-generation infinite beam structure lens and a supporting frame. The present invention overcomes an eccentric problem of a tungsten ball and a tungsten rod, and also overcomes a sphericity problem caused by gravity, so as to improve sphericity, eccentric accuracy and enable monitoring of dynamic manufacturing process of the probe ball tips.

Abstract: A wheel center bore size qualification detection device includes an upper crossbeam, large guide posts, small guide posts, a center go/no go gauge no go end, a center go/no go gauge go end, small guide sleeves, large guide sleeves, a stand, jaws, small air cylinders, a coupling flange A, a coupling flange B, a lower crossbeam, bases, a large air cylinder, a centering pin A, centering pins B, a mobile sensor bracket, a mobile sensor, a detection connecting rod and bracket, a backing plate, connecting bolts and a fixed plate. The device provided has the characteristics of accurate location, practical structure, high detection accuracy, high efficiency, work safety and reliability and the like.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for carrying out contact measurement on at least one tooth flank of a gearwheel workpiece including the steps of: predetermining or defining a maximum region relating to the tooth flank, predetermining or defining a critical region relating to the tooth flank that overlaps the maximum region at least in part, executing relative movements of a probe of a measuring apparatus to guide the probe along the tooth flank to obtain actual measured values with a first resolution for a plurality of locations on the tooth flank within the maximum region, and obtain actual measured values with a second resolution for a plurality of locations on the tooth flank within the critical region, wherein the second resolution is higher than the first resolution.

Abstract: Apparatus and tools for constructing cakes are described herein. In various embodiments, an apparatus for use in cake construction may include a frame. In various embodiments, the frame may include a first end, a second end, a top, and a bottom. In various embodiments, a vertical post may pass through the top and the bottom. At least one arm may be rotatably connected to the post, such that the at least one arm is rotatable circularly about a longitudinal axis of the post. In various embodiments, the post may be positionable at a center of a circle coincident with a circular cake such that the at least one arm is rotatable about the post to demarcate a circumference of the circle.

Abstract: A tool calibration system includes a tool and a wrench pivotally coupled to the tool. The tool calibration system also includes a tool calibration device coupled to the tool and to the wrench. The tool calibration device includes a baseplate including an arcuate slot defined therein and a pin coupled to the baseplate and slidably moveable along the slot. The pin is configured to engage the wrench such that movement of the pin along the slot causes rotation of the wrench.

Abstract: Methods of measuring thickness of a material using cross-capacitance. The method generally includes applying a time-varying signal to a first pad and monitoring a response of a capacitor formed by the first pad, a spaced apart second pad, and the material. The pads may be permanently affixed to the material, in spaced relation to each other. Based on the response, a capacitance of the capacitor is determined. The material may be homogenous or heterogeneous, and has dielectric properties. Because the material acts as a dielectric, the capacitance of the capacitor changes as the thickness of the material changes. Thus, the thickness of the material may be determined based on the determined capacitance. The method may be advantageously employed to measure the thickness of a vehicle tire or other material. Related apparatuses are also disclosed.

Abstract: A sensor device includes a sensor element, a converter, and an output unit. The sensor element includes a sheet-like dielectric layer including an elastomer composition and a top electrode layer and a bottom electrode layer each including an electroconductive composition containing carbon nanotubes. The top and the bottom electrode layers are formed on a top surface and a bottom surface of the dielectric layer, respectively, and are at least partially opposed to each other across the dielectric layer. The at least partially opposed portions of the top and the bottom electrode layers constitute a detection portion, and the dielectric layer reversibly deforms to change an area of a main surface of the dielectric layer. The converter electrically is connected to the sensor element and converts capacitance at the detection portion that varies in accordance with the deformation of the dielectric layer to electric characteristics.

Abstract: An interference observation apparatus includes a light source, a splitting beam splitter, a combining beam splitter, a beam splitter, a mirror, a beam splitter, a mirror, a piezo element, a stage, an imaging unit, an image acquisition unit, and a control unit. An interference optical system from the splitting beam splitter to the combining beam splitter forms a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The mirror freely moves in a direction perpendicular to a reflecting surface of the mirror. The total number of times of respective reflections of first split light and second split light in the interference optical system is an even number.

Abstract: Methods, systems and devices for estimating a parameter of interest in a borehole. The method may include generating information from an optical displacement device relating to relative motion between two or more reflective surfaces thereof that is indicative of the parameter of interest; and preventing changes in the information resulting from changes at the optical displacement device in at least one of i) temperature, or ii) pressure, by compensating for the changes. Compensating may include adjusting at least one light source generating an electromagnetic beam at least partly received by the optical displacement device responsive to information relating to a control optical displacement device at the optical displacement device. Compensating may include using an optical displacement device and configuring the optical displacement device such that a difference between a first variable gap and a second variable gap is substantially zero while the apparatus is subject to nominal conditions.

Abstract: The present subject matter at-least provides an apparatus for characterization of a slab of a material. The apparatus comprises a plurality of frequency-domain optical-coherence tomography (FD-OCT) probes configured for irradiating the slab of material at at-least one location, and detecting radiation reflected from the slab of material or transmitted there-through. Further, a centralized actuation-mechanism is connected to the plurality of OCT probes for simultaneously actuating one or more elements in each of said OCT probes to at-least cause a synchronized detection of the radiation from the slab of material. A spectral-analysis module is provided for analyzing at least an interference-pattern with respect to each of said OCT probes to thereby determine at least one of thickness and topography of the slab of the material.

Abstract: A three-dimensional (3D) coordinate measurement system includes: a retroreflector; a laser tracker including: a first light source; a second light source; at least one camera proximate the second light source; and a processor responsive to executable instructions which when executed by the processor is operable to determine, in a first instance, that a follow-operator gesture has been given by an operator and in response turn the laser tracker to follow movement of the operator.

Abstract: An apparatus, and related method, relates generally to a fiber-optic sensing system. In such a system, fiber-optic sensors are in a rosette or rosette-like pattern. An optical circulator is coupled to receive a light signal from a broadband light source, to provide the light signal to the fiber-optic sensors, and to receive a returned optical signal from the fiber-optic sensors. A spectral engine is coupled to the optical circulator to receive the returned optical signal and configured to provide an output signal.

Abstract: A device manufacturing method is disclosed. A radiated spot is directed onto a target pattern formed on a substrate. The radiated spot is moved along the target pattern in a series of discrete steps, each discrete step corresponding to respective positions of the radiated spot on the target pattern. Measurement signals are generated that correspond to respective ones of the positions of the radiated spot on the target pattern. A single value is determined that is based on the measurement signals and that is representative of the property of the substrate.

Abstract: Examples describe systems and methods for iteratively determining a signal strength map for a wireless access point (AP) aligned to position coordinates. An example method includes receiving logs of data from devices. For a plurality of iterations, the method includes selecting a set of logs of data having an amount of GPS being less than a given amount of GPS in a previously selected set, determining estimates of signal strength maps for the wireless AP aligned to position coordinates based on the selected set and on given signal strength maps due to a previous iteration, and performing a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) optimization of the possible locations of the wireless AP based on the given signal strength maps and the estimates of the signal strength maps. Based on the iterative optimizations, an output signal strength map is provided for the wireless AP aligned to position coordinates.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and computer-readable media are provided for using sensor-based observations from multiple agents (e.g., mobile robots and/or fixed sensors) in an environment to estimate the pose of an object in the environment at a target time and to estimate an uncertainty measure for that pose. Various implementations generate a multigraph based on a group of observations from multiple agents, where the multigraph includes a reference frame node, object nodes, and a plurality edges connecting the nodes. In some implementations, a composite pose and composite uncertainty measure are generated for each of a plurality of simple paths along the edges of the multigraph that connect the reference frame node to a given object node—and a pose and uncertainty measure for an object identifier associated with the given object node is generated based on the composite poses and the composite uncertainty measures.

Abstract: An online multiphase measuring method of concentration and diameter distribution of dispersed phase particles in a multiphase reactor is provided in the present invention. The method is based on an online multiphase measuring instrument. The method described herein includes the following steps: (1) the online multiphase measuring instrument is placed in a multiphase system, and an image of the particles in the multiphase system is obtained; (2) valid particles are determined as: the particle that its Grad(?) is greater than or equal to Grad(?l/2) is labeled as a valid one; (3) the particle diameter is calculated by di=10×ni/N10; according to the equation ? = V c V = ? i n ? 1 6 ? ? ? ? d i 3 S × l , the concentration of the valid particles is calculated. The concentration and diameter of bubbles, droplets or solid particles can be obtained in real time and online measurement. The accuracy of this method is high.

Abstract: A detachable hazard detection device includes a protective covering configured to detachably couple to an article. A plurality of proximity sensors are coupled to the protective covering. Each of the plurality of proximity sensors is configured to gather proximity information. Electronics are embedded in the protective covering, and the electronics include a controller coupled to the plurality of proximity sensors. The controller is configured to determine a proximity of the article to an object based on the proximity information. The controller is further configured to initiate a notification based on the proximity.