Abstract: A system and a method for vision-based self-stabilization by deep gated recurrent Q-networks (DGRQNs) for unmanned arial vehicles (UAVs) are provided. The method comprises receiving a plurality of raw images captured by a camera installed on a UAV; receiving an initial reference image for stabilization and obtaining an initial camera pose from the initial reference image; extracting a fundamental matrix between consecutive images and estimating a current camera pose relative to the initial camera pose, wherein the camera pose includes an orientation and a location of the camera; based on the estimated current camera pose, predicting an action to counteract a lateral disturbance of the UAV based on the DGRQNs; and based on the predicted action to counteract the lateral disturbance of the UAV, driving the UAV back to the initial camera pose.

Abstract: Methods for automated management of a plurality of throughflow apparatuses, the throughflow apparatuses being configured for producing a total throughflow of a fluid into and/or out of a storage apparatus, such as a natural gas store, include inputting predefined values for the throughflow apparatuses into an input unit, transferring the input predefined values to a management unit, and using the transferred predefined values of the management unit for managing the throughflow apparatuses in the control and/or regulation thereof.

Abstract: A communication method for a home automation actuator comprising an electric motor driving a moving element in a building and two electric terminals making it possible to power the actuator by a power supply and communication entity (IMS) and allowing communication between the actuator and the power supply and communication entity (IMS), the method comprising the following steps: analysis of a power supply signal supplied by the power supply and communication entity; generation of a first time-sequence of a response signal, representative of a first predetermined calibration information element, called first calibration sequence; sending of a series of time-sequences of the response signal, representative of a series of information elements, each information element of this series, equal to the calibration information element, being represented by a time-sequence which is an image of the first calibration sequence.

Abstract: Provided is a valve assembly system including a flowbody including a channel formed at an inner surface thereof, a butterfly plate disposed within the channel and rotatably mounted within the flowbody. The system also includes a pair of dual-sided pistons that receive differential pressure at an input side and an output side of the valve assembly system. A spring is controlled for biasing against at least one of the dual-sided pistons based on the differential pressure, and to rotate the butterfly plate to regulate the differential pressure and the valve assembly system to a predetermined output pressure.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for a pump control system. One or more embodiments of the invention include a pump controller that can perform a self-calibrating procedure, can provide precise motor speed control, can provide a limp mode before shutting down the motor when system parameters are exceeded and/or fault conditions occur, can detect fault conditions, and can store fault conditions for later retrieval.

Abstract: A thermostatic valve is provided according to the present application. In the thermostatic valve, a relief ring movable upward and downward is provided in a cavity of a valve body. Under normal conditions, the relief ring abuts against a step on an inner wall of the cavity or another fixing portion via an elastic element, and the cavity is further provided therein with a first passage which can be opened or closed by upward or downward moving of the relief ring. In the case that the fluid pressure in the thermostatic valve is excessively large, the fluid can push the relief ring to compress the elastic element, thus the first passage in the relief ring is opened, and the first flow passage and the third flow passage may simultaneously allow circulation of the fluid, thereby may prevent damage caused by an excessively large fluid pressure in the thermostatic valve.

Abstract: A thermostat may include HVAC wire connectors that receive a call relay wire and a power return wire, switching elements having a first operating state in which they create a connection between the call relay wire and the power return wire and a second operating state in which the connection between the call relay wire and the power return wire is interrupted. The thermostat may also include control circuitry configured to cause the switching elements to operate in the first operating state to actuate an HVAC function; detect an anomaly associated with measurements from power monitoring circuitry; cause the switching elements to continue to operate in the first operating state until a zero-crossing is detected; and then cause the one or more switching elements to operate in the second operating state.

Abstract: A thermostat for controlling an HVAC system is described, the thermostat having a user interface that is visually pleasing, approachable, and easy to use while also providing intuitive navigation within a menuing system. In a first mode of operation, an electronic display of the thermostat displays a population of tick marks arranged in an arcuate arrangement including a plurality of background tick marks, a setpoint tick mark representing a setpoint temperature, and an ambient temperature tick mark representing an ambient temperature, the setpoint temperature being dynamically changeable according to a tracked rotational input motion of a ring-shaped user interface component of the thermostat. In a second mode, the a plurality of user-selectable menu options is displayed in an arcuate arrangement along a menu option range area, and respective ones of the user-selectable menu options are selectively highlighted according to the tracked rotational input motion of the ring-shaped user interface component.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus, including computer programs encoded on a computer storage medium, for performing a thermostat-based demand response event. In one aspect, a method includes accessing, for sites, historical readings of HVAC activity, indoor temperature, and outdoor temperature and building a model for each of the sites using the historical readings of HVAC activity, indoor temperature, and outdoor temperature. The method also includes using a simulation engine to achieve a target load shed and load reduction shape for a thermostat-based demand response event, and performing the thermostat-based demand response event based on results of the simulation engine.

Abstract: An example environment control system for a venue includes a controllable device arranged to perform at least one of heating, cooling or ventilation of the venue so as to affect the environment of the venue; a plurality of input devices disposed throughout the venue, each input device operable by a user to input environment feedback; and an environment controller arranged to control the at least one controllable device based on the environment feedback.

Abstract: A stove controller starts an unattended timer when a cooking process is started. The controller monitors whether motion is detected in the kitchen prior to the unattended timer expiring and resets the unattended timer each time motion is detected. If the unattended timer expires without any motion being detected, the controller disables the heating elements of the stove and starts a return timer. The controller monitors whether motion is detected in the kitchen prior to the return timer expiring. When motion is detected, the controller automatically re-enables the heating elements of the stove so that cooking can continue. If motion is not detected and the return timer expires, the controller locks the stove until a reset procedure is performed. Alerts of the stove activity are sent to external devices over the Internet, and the reset procedure may be performed on the controller or on one of the external devices.

Abstract: According to an embodiment of the present invention, a power supply device includes a switching circuit, a detection circuit, a first comparator, a current source circuit, and a delay circuit. The switching circuit performs switching control of a power supply voltage. The detection circuit detects an output voltage from the switching circuit. The first comparator compares the voltage detected by the detection circuit with a first reference voltage which is set in advance. The current source circuit outputs a bias current which has correlation with the power supply voltage. The delay circuit receives the bias current from the current source circuit, and outputs, to the switching circuit, a delay time which corresponds to an increase time of the output voltage, by using the bias current in accordance with the result of comparison performed by the first comparator.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a partition method and a partition device for a power system and belongs to a field of an evaluation and control of a power system. The method includes steps of: obtaining a quasi-steady sensitivity matrix according to generators participating in automatic voltage control and load buses in the power system; obtaining a power system model according to the quasi-steady sensitivity matrix and the load buses; determining principal component vectors and principal component singular values according to the power system model; determining a principal component vector dominated by each generator according to the principal component vectors and the principal component singular values; and partitioning the generators dominating a same principal component vector to a partition, and partitioning the load buses according to a partition result for the generators.

Abstract: According to the inventive method, the power consumed on an electric grid (10), by preselected consumers (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52) being able to accept a predetermined decrease in power over a predetermined time range, is regulated. This method comprises the following successive steps: sending a control entity, regularly and by each preselected consumer (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52), a message (M1) containing the power consumed by said preselected consumer (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52); using the control entity (60) to compute a maximum power reduction value for all of the preselected consumers (42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52) and a maximum duration of that power reduction; transmitting, using the control entity (60) and to a grid manager (62), computed values and maximum power durations; and sending, from the grid manager (62) to the control entity (60), a command order (79) commanding a power reduction for a selected duration.

Abstract: Models of a distribution network grid are automatically updated in response to real-time location data of uniquely identified temporary devices. Current geographical coordinates are determined within a distance tolerance that is selected as a function of a type of device indicated by the identity indicia. The geographical information system model is updated with a location of a unique identity of the device at the determined current geographical coordinates within the distance tolerance if unique identity of the device not already present within the geographical information system model, or if it is present and a displacement distance from the determined current geographical coordinates of the temporary device to existing geographic coordinates that are stored in the geographical information system model in association with the unique device identity exceeds a specified distance margin.

Abstract: A voltage reference includes a flipped gate transistor and a first transistor, the first transistor having a first leakage current, wherein the first transistor is connected with the flipped gate transistor in a Vgs subtractive arrangement. The voltage reference further includes an output node configured to output a reference voltage, the output node connected to the first transistor. The voltage reference further includes a second transistor connected to the output node, the second transistor having a second leakage current. The voltage reference further includes a boxing region configured to provide a voltage level at a drain terminal of the first transistor to maintain the first leakage current substantially equal to the second leakage current.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an apparatus includes a clock control circuit to generate a clock signal for communication on an interconnect. The clock control circuit may be configured to receive an indication of a next device of a plurality of devices to be accessed and to dynamically update a control signal to cause the communication of the clock signal to be dynamically switched between a fixed clock frequency and a spread spectrum clock frequency based at least in part on the indication of communication to the next device. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: An apparatus includes an oscillator circuit, a counter circuit, and a control circuit. The oscillator circuit may receive an input clock signal and an inverse input clock signal, and, for a first time period, may generate an oscillator output signal with a frequency based on a duty cycle of the input clock signal. For a second time period, the oscillator circuit may generate the oscillator output signal with a frequency based on a duty cycle of the inverse input clock signal. The counter circuit may count oscillations of the oscillator output signal over the first time period and over the second time period. The control circuit may determine, based on the oscillations counted by the counter circuit during the first time period and the second time period, a duty cycle value indicative of the duty cycle of the input clock signal.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an input interface, an output interface and an adjustment circuit. The input interface may comprise a plurality of input stages each configured to receive a data signal and a clock signal and present an intermediate signal. The output interface may comprise a plurality of output stages each configured to receive the intermediate signal, receive an adjusted clock signal and present an output signal. The adjustment circuit may comprise a plurality of adjustment components each configured to (i) receive the clock signal and (ii) present the adjusted clock signal. The clock signal may be presented through a clock tree. The adjustment circuit may be located near the output interface. The adjustment circuit may be configured to resynchronize the clock signal for each bit transmitted to reduce a mismatch between a bit to bit delay and a delay caused by the clock tree.

Abstract: A solution for synchronizing a network comprising a plurality of interconnected nodes provides a stable synchronized state, especially for large scale networks. Signal transmission speed and the length of each interconnection of the network is configured to cause a delay of the signals received by a node from the other node of the interconnection which is larger than one millionth of the free-running period of the controllable oscillator of the receiving node such that Network-wide synchronization of oscillators is achieved for all nodes of the network in a continuous self-organized process in interaction with the other node of the network.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a host module having a housing with an accommodation space, a display module and a lift structure. The display module is pivotally connected to the housing by a shaft. The lift structure includes a bottom cover covering the accommodation space, a swing member and a follower member. The bottom cover includes an abutment portion including an abutment surface and located on an end surface of the bottom cover adjacent to the accommodation space. The swing member is in the accommodation space and connected to the shaft. The swing member moves with the display module. The follower member connects to the swing member and contacts the abutment surface. The follower member moves in a first direction according to swinging of the swing member, therefore the follower member abuts against the abutment surface and the bottom cover moves in a second direction to lift up the housing.

Abstract: Provided is a wearable device that is wearable on a body of a user, the wearable device including a display configured to display a screen; a sensor configured to sense a motion of the user; and a controller configured to control the display based on the sensed motion.

Abstract: A flexible display device is provided. The flexible display device includes: a display; a sensor configured to detect at least one rolling characteristic in response to the display being rolled; and a controller configured to perform a first function of the flexible display device based on the detected at least one rolling characteristic.

Abstract: A mobile electronic device having a flexible display device is disclosed. A request to retrieve information from a server over a wireless network is triggered based on flexing the flexible display device and other gestures.

Abstract: A novel information processor that can be easily operated is provided. In addition, a novel information processor that is less likely to be operated incorrectly is provided. The conceived information processor includes an arithmetic device including an arithmetic unit and a storage unit that stores a program to be executed by the arithmetic unit and an input/output device including an input unit that can supply an operation instruction and a bend sensor that can supply bend data. The program makes the arithmetic device execute different types of processing in accordance with the combination of the supplied operation instruction and bend data.

Abstract: A distortion calibration system generates a distortion map for a head-mounted display (HMD). The system includes a camera that takes pictures of a test pattern displayed by the HMD. The images are taken at different camera positions and/or states of the HMD. The system determines a distortion map using the captured images, and uploads it to the HMD as part of, e.g., an optical model. The HMD comprises an electronic display, an eye tracking unit, an optics block, and a module. The module estimates distortion values based on eye tracking information from the eye tracking unit, an optical model, and a state of the HMD (e.g., a distance between the optics block and the electronic display). The module determines an adjusted state of the HMD using the estimated distortion values, the eye tracking information, and the optical model, and adjusts the state of the HMD to the adjusted state.

Abstract: A portable electronic device includes a first body and a second body. The second body includes a processing unit, and a first touch panel, a second touch panel, a keyboard and at least one detecting module electrically connected to the processing unit, respectively. The keyboard is slidably disposed above the second touch panel, and the detecting module is adapted to detect a position of the keyboard. When the keyboard is located at a first position, the keyboard module covers the second touch panel, and the detecting module transmits a first signal to the processing unit so that the first touch panel is turned on. When the keyboard is located at a second position, the keyboard exposes the second touch panel, and the detecting module transmits a second signal to the processing unit so that the first touch panel is turned off. A touch panel controlling method of the portable electronic device is further provided.

Abstract: A rotary shaft link device has a simplified structure occupying less room and is easy to assemble and includes a transmission unit disposed on a first shaft, a reaction unit disposed on a second shaft and a link unit disposed between the transmission unit and the reaction unit. Two ends of the link unit are formed with driving sections engaged with the transmission unit and the reaction unit. The link unit is assembled in the rail of the restriction plate. When the first shaft is rotated, the link unit responsively moves from a first position to a second position to drive the reaction unit and the second shaft to synchronously rotate. According to the specification of the product, the number of the link devices can be easily adjusted to achieve the object of modularized assembly.

Abstract: The description relates to hinged devices, such as hinged computing devices. One example can include a first portion and a second portion. The example can also include a pair of self-spacing hinge assemblies rotatably securing hinge ends of the first and second portions and camming the first and second hinge ends apart from one another at non-parallel orientations of the first and second portions sufficient to prevent contact of the first and second hinge ends at the non-parallel orientations while allowing the first and second hinge ends to contact one another at other orientations.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus is provided. The electronic apparatus includes a case body including a single crystal body in at least a portion thereof, the single crystal body containing alumina (Al2O3) as a main component; a plurality of information processing devices in the case body; and a thermally conductive portion that thermally connects at least one of the information processing devices to the single crystal body.

Abstract: A method for zeroing memory in computing systems where access to memory is non-uniform includes receiving, via a system call, a request for a pool of memory, determining a size of the requested pool of memory, and creating a dummy memory segment. The size of the dummy memory segment is larger than the size of the requested pool of memory. The dummy memory segment is filled with one or more pages, based on the determined size of the requested pool of memory, and the dummy memory segment is deleted.

Abstract: A distributed power management system comprising at least two power management integrated circuits PMICs is presented. A master power management integrated circuit PMIC supplies power to a subsystem of an electronic device based on a current state of a master finite state machine FSM executed by the master PMIC. A slave power management integrated circuit PMIC executes a slave finite state machine FSM and supplies power to another subsystem based on the current state of the master FSM. For synchronizing the operation of both PMIC, the master PMIC transmits, to the slave PMIC, synchronization information indicative of at least one of an input signal of the master FSM, a state of the master FSM, a state transition of the master FSM, and an output signal generated by the master FSM. A distributed power management method is presented which is carried out by a master PMIC and a slave PMIC.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory a controller that controls the nonvolatile memory, and a backup power supply. In response to a detection that power from an external source to the memory system is interrupted, at which time power to the memory system starts to be supplied from the backup power supply, the controller transmits a first command to the nonvolatile memory to change a parameter for a write operation and then transmits a second command to the nonvolatile memory to carry out a write operation, such that the nonvolatile memory carries out the write operation using the changed parameter.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for waking up a main processor (MP) in a low power or ultra-low power device preferably includes the MP, and a sub-processor (SP) that utilizes less power than the MP to monitor ambient conditions than the MP, and may be internalized in the MP. The MP and SP can remain in a sleep mode while an interrupt sensor monitors for changes in the ambient environment. A sensor is preferably an interrupt-type sensor, as opposed to polling-type sensors conventionally used to detect ambient changes. The MP and SP may remain in sleep mode, as a low-power or an ultra-low power interrupt sensor operates with the SP being in sleep mode, and awakens the SP via an interrupt indicating a detected change. The SP then wakes the MP after comparing data from the interrupt sensor with values in storage or with another sensor.

Abstract: A system may implement a method for analyzing group level power supply unit efficiency based on information about power supply units (PSUs) that supply power to servers in a server group, and loads in the system. A group level PSU efficiency analyzer may collect PSU related information from respective management controllers on the servers, including PSU capacity, type, or vendor, efficiency tables, load information, or the current efficiency of each PSU (compared to the peak efficiency for the PSU). The analyzer may calculate the group level PSU efficiency by averaging the PSU efficiencies of the member PSUs or by calculating an average of the PSU efficiencies that is weighted based on load. The analyzer may identify changes to the system configuration (e.g., swapping the PSUs that power some servers) that would increase or maximize the group level PSU efficiency using, for example, a graph search or tree search.

Abstract: An information handling system includes a battery, a host processing complex, and a management system. The battery includes a battery power level gauge that determines a power level of the battery. The management system includes a wireless transceiver. When the host processing complex is unpowered, the management system is coupled to receive power from the battery and provides a first indication of the power level of the battery via the wireless transceiver.

Abstract: In an embodiment, an apparatus includes an input/output (I/O) buffer to couple a logic unit to another device coupled via a pad, and a logic coupled to the I/O buffer to detect a value on the pad and to control the I/O buffer to provide the value to the pad, responsive to entry into an architectural state. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: A processor includes a mechanism for disabling a memory array of a branch prediction unit. The processor may include a next fetch prediction unit that may include a number of entries. Each entry may correspond to a next instruction fetch group and may store an indication of whether or not the corresponding the next fetch group includes a conditional branch instruction. In response to an indication that the next fetch group does not include a conditional branch instruction, the fetch prediction unit may be configured to disable, in a next instruction execution cycle, the memory array of the branch prediction unit.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus operates in a normal mode and a power-saving mode. A smaller amount of electricity is consumed in the power-saving mode than in the normal mode. The electronic apparatus includes a control section and a connection interface to which a reader that reads information from an external storage medium is connectable. When the electronic apparatus transits from the normal mode to the power-saving mode, if the reader is connected to the connection interface, the control section transits to a first power-saving mode in which both the connection interface and the reader are operable, or if the reader is not connected to the connection interface, the control section transits to a second power-saving mode in which a lower amount of electricity is consumed than in the first power-saving mode.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to a host-peripheral interface, and more particularly to an apparatus and method for dynamically switching a high-speed clock of a host device. In one embodiment, a method is provided for dynamically switching a high-speed clock of a host device. The method comprises determining a status of the host device and a peripheral device coupled to the host device with respect to a transmission and a reception of high-speed data respectively, and switching the high-speed clock between the host device and the peripheral device based on the status.

Abstract: A system for managing changes in current demand, including one or more processors, a memory coupled to at least one of the processors, a clock generation circuit coupled to the memory and configured to output a clock, one or more functional blocks, a power supply, configured to output a plurality of voltage levels, and a power management unit. The power management unit may be configured to set the power supply output to a first voltage level and then detect indications of an impending change in current demand within the SoC. If an indication of an impending change in current demand is detected, then the power management unit may be configured to adjust the power supply output to a second voltage level. After determining the impending change in current demand has occurred, the power management unit may be configured to adjust the power supply output back to the first voltage level.

Abstract: The hash function used by the processors on a multi-processor chip to distribute accesses to the various last-level caches via the links is changed according to which last-level caches (and/or links) that are active (e.g., ‘on’) and which are in a lower power consumption mode (e.g., ‘off’.) A first hash function is used to distribute accesses to all of the last-level caches and all of the links when all of the last-level caches are ‘on.’ A second hash function is used to distribute accesses to the appropriate subset of the last-level caches and corresponding subset of links when some of the last-level caches are ‘off.’ Data can be sent to only the active last-level caches via active links. By shutting off links connected to caches and components that are in a lower power consumption mode, the power consumption of the chip is reduced.

Abstract: Methods and articles of manufacture for hosting a safety critical application on an uncontrolled data processing device are provided. Various combinations of installation, functional, host integrity, coexistence, interoperability, power management, and environment checks are performed at various times to determine if the safety critical application operates properly on the device. The operation of the SCA on the UDPD may be controlled accordingly.

Abstract: Bandwidth for information transfers between devices is dynamically changed to accommodate transitions between power modes employed in a system. The bandwidth is changed by selectively enabling and disabling individual control links and data links that carry the information. During a highest bandwidth mode for the system, all of the data and control links are enabled to provide maximum information throughout. During one or more lower bandwidth modes for the system, at least one data link and/or at least one control link is disabled to reduce the power consumption of the devices. At least one data link and at least one control link remain enabled during each low bandwidth mode. For these links, the same signaling rate is used for both bandwidth modes to reduce latency that would otherwise be caused by changing signaling rates. Also, calibration information is generated for disabled links so that these links may be quickly brought back into service.

Abstract: To provide an electronic apparatus, a method of detecting a tap operation, etc. for performing appropriate detection processing of a tap operation. The electronic apparatus includes a setting unit 110 that sets a sampling frequency for acceleration detection of an acceleration sensor 10, a processing unit 120 that performs a determination of a tap operation based on sensor information from the acceleration sensor 10, an operation information acquisition unit 130 that acquires operation information from an operation unit 140, and a communication unit 150 that performs communication processing of information, wherein, when reception of the information by the communication unit 150 is detected or when acquisition of the operation information by the operation information acquisition unit 130 is detected, the setting unit 110 sets the sampling frequency to F2 as a higher frequency than the sampling frequency F1 before detection.

Abstract: In response to receiving a captured user image while the output image is being displayed to the user, display of the output image is controlled so as to reflect characteristics of the user that is determined based on the captured user image and a user instruction that is recognized based on the captured user image.

Abstract: Sensory feedback (“chaperoning”) systems and methods for guiding users in virtual/augmented reality environments such as walk-around virtual reality environments are described. Exemplary implementations assist with preventing collisions with objects in the physical operating space in which the user acts, among other potential functions and/or uses.

Abstract: This disclosure relates generally to virtual reality and more particular to a system and method for dynamically adapting a virtual environment. In one embodiment, a system for dynamically adapting a virtual environment, is disclosed, comprising a processor and a memory communicatively coupled to the processor. The memory stores processor instructions, which, on execution, causes the processor to receive at least one of user profile data and physical-response data associated with a user interacting with the virtual environment. The processor further provides haptic feedback to the user based on a pre-determined haptic stimulus pattern. The processor further receives neuro-response data associated with the user from at least one of a plurality of neural dust sensors in accordance with the pre-determined haptic stimulus pattern. The processor further dynamically adapts the virtual environment based on the neuro-response data and at least one of the physical-response data and the user profile data.

Abstract: A ride system includes at least one ride vehicle. The at least one ride vehicle is configured to receive a ride passenger. The ride system includes electronic goggles configured to be worn by the ride passenger. The electronic goggles include a camera and a display. The ride system includes a computer graphics generation system communicatively coupled to the electronic goggles, and configured to generate streaming media of a real world environment based on image data captured via the camera of the electronic goggles, generate one or more virtual augmentations superimposed on the streaming media of the real world environment, and to transmit the streaming media of the real world environment along with the one or more superimposed virtual augmentations to be displayed on the display of the electronic goggles.

Abstract: A virtual reality headset displays a three-dimensional (3D) virtual scene and includes a varifocal element to dynamically adjust a focal length of an optics block included in the virtual reality headset based on a location in the virtual scene where the user is looking. The headset tracks a user's eyes to approximate gaze lines and determines a plane of focus for a frame of the virtual scene as the intersection of the gaze lines. The varifocal element adjusts the focal length of the optics block so the optics block is focused at the plane of focus, which keeps the user's eyes in a zone of comfort as vergence and accommodation change. Based on the plane of focus, the virtual reality headset may provide depth cues, such as depth of field blur, to planes in the virtual scene deeper in the user's field of view than the plane of focus.