Abstract: A trailer for transporting agricultural equipment over the road. The trailer includes a frame that supports a wheel travel path that is traversed by the tires of agricultural equipment hauled by the trailer roll as the equipment is loaded on and unloaded off the trailer. The wheel travel path includes a) an inclined rear section located at or near the back of the trailer, b) an over-wheel section located generally in front of the inclined rear section and positioned generally over one or more trailer wheels, c) a dropped landing section located generally in front of the over-wheel section, and d) an elevated landing section located generally in front of the dropped landing section. The over-wheel section is elevated relative to the dropped landing section and the elevated landing section is elevated relative to said over-wheel section.

Abstract: A server sends and receives information to and from a working vehicle. A work setting means sets work performed by the working vehicle. The server stores work setting information respectively in association with a plurality of operators operating the working vehicle; and the working vehicle reads out work setting information associated with an operator that actually operates the working vehicle, and performs work according to the read work setting information, and therefore, labor is saved in work setting, and work is perform according to the read work setting information.

Abstract: A work vehicle incudes a traveling mechanism driven by a rotational power from an engine and an implement for effecting a ground work by the rotational power of the engine. The work vehicle further includes a load ratio calculation section 53 for calculating an engine load ratio indicative of an engine load of the engine, a ground speed calculation section 51 for calculating a ground speed of the vehicle body with using satellite positioning data, a slip ratio calculation section 52 for calculating a slip ratio indicative of slippage of the traveling mechanism relative to a ground surface by using the ground speed, a traveling work control section 4 for creating an appropriate traveling work state by controlling a rotational speed of the engine and a posture of the implement, and a traveling work management section 50 for outputting a state changing command that commands a change of the traveling work state, based on the engine load ratio and the slip ratio.

Abstract: A cutter guard assembly for a knife drive of an agricultural farm implement is provided. The cutter guard assembly includes a cutter bar assembly, a window frame, and a floor sheet. The cutter bar assembly has a cutter bar and a reciprocating knife assembly operatively connected to a knife drive. The window frame is rigidly attached to the cutter bar. The window frame includes an opening through which a knife arm of the reciprocating knife assembly extends through. The floor sheet extends rearwardly from the cutter bar and pivots relative to the window frame.

Abstract: A header for a combine harvester comprising a drive arm assembly, bearing assembly and knife head assembly is disclosed. The drive arm assembly includes a drive arm with a proximal end operatively connected to a drive mechanism for reciprocating motion therewith and a distal end opposite the proximal end. The bearing assembly is attachable to the distal end of the drive arm and includes an eccentric hub. The knife head assembly includes a knife head and a housing mounted to the knife head. The housing houses the bearing assembly.

Abstract: A high-efficiency blade for a lawn maintenance tool includes a central axis and a mounting portion located on the central axis. The high-efficiency blade includes a cutting blade and a cutting blade sharpened leading edge. A cleaning blade is vertically offset from the cutting blade and is configured to mulch the associated clippings from vegetation and reduce an associated accumulation of clippings on an underside of an associated mower deck. The lawn maintenance tool can also include a deck having a separation distance between the cleaning blade and an underside of the deck. The deck can include an elevation change to vary the separation distance. The deck and high-efficiency blade can also include a forward or rearward tilt.

Abstract: According to examples, a machine may include a base housing and a handle assembly mounted to the base housing and extending at an angle from the base housing along a handle plane. The handle assembly may include a mating component having a plurality of slots arranged at multiple angular positions along a slot plane, the slot plane being parallel to the handle plane. The mating assembly may also include a handle segment rotatably mounted to the mating component, the handle segment housing a locking member, in which the handle segment is rotatable along the slot plane relative to the base housing and the locking member is removably insertable into a first slot of the plurality of slots when the handle segment is in a first angular position and is removably inserted into a second slot of the plurality of slots when the handle segment is in a second angular position.

Abstract: Disclosed is a complete engine cooling system for an engine carried by a grain harvesting combine having an internal combustion engine and hot exhaust components, and having a front operator cab. The system includes a generally horizontal fan assembly located atop the harvesting combine for drawing in air, a radiator associated with the engine and over which air flows for engine cooling, and charge air coolers for combustion air cooling, and air conditioning and hydraulic coolers, a centrifugal scroll that takes the drawn in air and removes entrained particles to produce a clean exhaust air and dirty exhaust air; and a filter assembly through which the pre-cleaned exhaust air flows for producing filtered air for admittance into the engine for combustion.

Abstract: A chopping assembly is configured to receive crop plants processed by an agricultural combine harvester. The chopping assembly includes an inlet and a plurality of blades rotatable about an axis. The plurality of blades is positioned downstream of the inlet. The chopping assembly also includes an outlet positioned downstream of the plurality of blades. The outlet is partially defined by a first wall and a second wall. The chopping assembly further includes an actuator coupled to the second wall. The actuator is configured to move the second wall relative to the first wall. A control processor is in communication with the actuator. The control processor is configured to receive a first signal corresponding to a condition representative of a characteristic of the crop plants. The control processor is also configured to generate a second signal operable to control the actuator based on the condition.

Abstract: A draper head for a combine includes a center section adapted for attachment to the combine. The center section is provided with a center feed assembly that includes first and second belt frames. Each of the first and second belt frames supports a drive roller, an idler roller, and a belt extending between the drive roller and the idler roller. The draper head also includes first and second wings extending in opposite lateral directions from the center section. Each of the first and second wings includes a draper belt operable to feed crop material toward the center section. The second belt frame is movable relative to the first belt frame.

Abstract: A head for an agricultural machine includes a frame with a center segment defining a first longitudinal axis and a wing defining a second longitudinal axis. The head also includes a motion control assembly connecting the center segment and the wing such that the wing is movable relative to the center segment between a deployed position and a non-deployed position. The motion control assembly is configured to maintain the second longitudinal axis in a parallel relationship with the first longitudinal axis as the wing moves between the deployed position and the non-deployed position, and the wing is movable from the deployed position to the non-deployed position along a continuous arc.

Abstract: An agricultural harvesting head includes a frame on which two endless belt side conveyors are mounted. The return run of the side conveyors is supported on long support strips surmounted by plastic wear strips that are mounted on top of support arms. The support arms extend forward from the rear of the frame to support a reciprocating knife mounted to the front of the agricultural harvesting head.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described for providing a local electrical power source at a header of a combine harvester. An alternator is mechanically coupled to a header backshaft. The header backshaft is mechanically coupled to a drive mechanism of the combine harvester to cause rotation of the header backshaft which, in turn, causes the alternator to generate electrical power. A power supply circuit transferred electrical power from the alternator to one or more electric devices mounted on the header. In some implementations, the header does not include any physical cables between the combine and the header.

Abstract: A compost turning apparatus may include a towable mobile base being elongated in a longitudinal direction and having a lateral direction. The mobile base may comprise a frame, a tongue mounted on the frame, one or more transport wheels mountable in a transport setup and an operational setup, one or more support wheels mounted on the frame, and a drive wheel mounted on the frame. The apparatus may also include a rotor mounted on the mobile base to rotate about an axis oriented substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the mobile base.

Abstract: A fan assembly for a cleaning system of a combine harvester includes a housing having a plurality of interconnected walls. The interconnected walls include at least two side walls and a lower wall connecting the two side walls, and at least one partition positioned between the side walls. The partition promotes uniform air flow across a width dimension of the fan assembly. The interconnected walls define at least one inlet opening through which air is delivered into the housing and at least one outlet opening through which air is exhausted from the housing. A fan rotor is mounted to the housing and is configured to rotate to distribute air from the inlet opening to the outlet opening.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for cultivating vegetation at an arid location includes rooting immature vegetation in a mat combined with a super absorbent polymer (“SAP”) and, in embodiments, fertilizer, sand, and/or soil; placing the mat at the arid location; covering the mat with a perforated, transparent or semi-transparent cover; collecting urine in a water purification system; and providing purified water extracted from the urine to the mat. A water barrier can be placed below the mat. The cover can be placed on or suspended above the mat. SAP, seeds, and/or additional water barriers can be placed between mats in a stack. The opacity of the cover can be increased to emulate shade from natural vegetation. A water distribution system can be included for continued support of the vegetation, and can include a water reservoir and/or at least one solar still.

Abstract: A universal decoration apparatus system comprises decorative elements, such as a floral arrangement, and a base having at least two different attachment mechanisms for attachment of the decoration apparatus to a standard wreath or other substrate without requiring any modification of the wreath. Multiple decoration apparatuses may be used together to achieve different looks or may be swapped out for a change of season or holiday. Wires, clips, magnets, suction cups, and straight pins may be used as base attachment mechanisms to accommodate a variety of different wreath materials and shapes. Unused wires may be tucked away from view and unused clips may be removed. Wires having different characteristics, such as color and gauge, may be selectively used according to the particular wreath base and display conditions. Clips may be selectively positionable at different angles to aid in secure attachment of the decoration apparatus.

Abstract: A growing trough is provided. The growing trough comprises a fabric bottom, a fabric outer wall, and a fabric partition. The fabric outer wall extends upward from the peripheral edge of the fabric bottom. The fabric partition is attached only at opposed edges thereof to the fabric outer wall preventing buckling of the fabric outer wall and equal load distribution when growing media is dumped into the growing trough. The fabric is a porous fabric that catches plant roots and directs the roots into the growing trough thereby preventing root circulation and inducing root branching within the growing trough.

Abstract: A pan-like shaped device with at least one opening in the bottom to accommodate a plant stem or trunk, having at least one aperture in the bottom to permit water to escape to the plant roots and interlocking peripheral walls extending upward from the perimeter of the bottom of the device so the device can be easily connected with like devices having interlocking peripheral walls to expand the area encompassed by the devices. When placed around a growing plant, the horticulture device provides a basin for directing water to the roots of a plant, helps to control weeds because it acts as a weed barrier, and retains moisture around the root by slowing evaporation. The horticulture device can be made in various sizes and shapes to accommodate various kinds of plants and ground areas and various connectors can secure multiple devices together to cover a greater ground area.

Abstract: A moisture sealing flexible plant enclosure encloses a potted plant and maintains ideal moisture levels for the potted plant to thrive. The moisture sealing flexible plant enclosure includes a flexible plant enclosure, an irrigation system, and a sealing mechanism. The flexible plant enclosure fits over a plant contained in a drainable pot and facilitates a humid environment which helps the plant remain hydrated. The irrigation system allows water to enter the flexible plant enclosure while preventing significant amount of moisture from escaping. The sealing mechanism selectively closes the opening of the flexible plant enclosure thereby creating an airtight seal. This creates a high humidity environment inside the flexible plant enclosure which keeps the plant hydrated.

Abstract: American ryegrass varieties and seed used to produce the grass are provided. The grass is useful as a short lived, improved turfgrass on golf courses, athletic fields and other areas using seeded turfgrasses. The grass is useful in overseeding of dormant warm season grasses since its lack of heat tolerance allows for a smooth transition for the warm-season grass. The grass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increases to the point which allow the warm-season grass to grow. In more temperate climates American ryegrass will provide a permanent turf more cold tolerance, with good winter color, and better drought tolerance and persistence than perennial ryegrass.

Abstract: A blower including a housing at least partially defining a chamber, a motor including a drive shaft defining a rotational axis, an impeller driven by the motor to generate an air flow in the chamber, and a coupler operably connected between the drive shaft and the impeller. The chamber may have an axial height which increases from a position proximate a back plate to a position spaced from the back plate. The chamber may have a non-circular cross-section proximate a chamber outlet, and a tube assembly in fluid communication with the chamber may have a tube inlet with a non-circular cross-section. The impeller may define two separate airflow paths each having an inlet and an outlet.

Abstract: A device for dispensing liquids, in particular irrigation water, comprises a liquid tank (1) of displaceable type with a cover (2) for closing said tank (1), an electric pump (7) inserted into the cover (2) for drawing the liquid from the tank (1) and delivering the liquid itself to irrigation pipes extending outwards, and an electronic control unit (13) for setting the liquid delivering times. The electronic control unit (13) comprises a movable selector (15) for programming the times and durations of the liquid deliveries, a start button (16) for starting the selected program, and a display (17) for viewing the state of the device as a function of the selected program. An external power source (33) is provided, with the possibility of using rechargeable cells (35), which are automatically rechargeable and which can be enabled in case of absence of external power supply.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a system and method for irrigation management using VRI ray casting algorithms within irrigation machine workflows. According to an exemplary preferred embodiment, the present invention may preferably include: a position sensor which determines a position of the irrigation system; a memory system storing a prescribed watering plan for a field; and a variable rate mapping program using VRI ray casting algorithms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for growing plants with aeroponics, in the form of a dismountable modular vase composed of superposed modules (4) linked by joining rings (2) and covered by a sealing lid (1) or (21). The modules have a plurality of mouthpieces (5) symmetrically distributed at angular positions, into which the accessories are introduced, such as the rooting basket (6), the micro-greenhouse (22), the seed capsule in the form of a foam cube for germination (23), the support disks (24), (26) or (27), the rod (28) and the grid (29). A tank in two parts (32) and (33) forms a base for the device and comprises an inspection and supply lid (7), a protective grid (8) an on/off switch (9), a connection (10) for the power cable, rollers (30), support legs (31) and an electronic panel (11) that displays information about the level of the nutrient solution, temperature, humidity, timer control and automatic actuation functions of the electric components and electronic circuits.

Abstract: [Problem] Provided is a compact cultivation device which has a number of management items (parameters) such as air temperature and CO2 concentration in cultivation space. [Solution] A compact cultivation device 1 according to the present invention is provided with; an air conditioning sensor 6 which detects the air temperature, the CO2 concentration, the humidity, or an air current in a cultivation space A; and a nutrient liquid sensor 8 which detects the temperature, the flow rate, the EC, or the pH of a cultivation liquid B. The compact cultivation device 1 is configured to allow cultivation of a plant V while controlling various management items detected by the sensors 6, 8.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a micro air vehicle for autonomous agricultural pollination, which includes a robot body, an intelligent control part, an intelligent sensor part, a battery, a pollination device and an emitter. The robot body includes a body part and a flapping-wing mechanism. The intelligent control part is mounted on a left side of the body part, the intelligent sensor part is mounted on an upper side of the body part, the intelligent sensor part performs data collection and communication, the battery is mounted on a right side of the body part, the pollination device is connected to a lower side of the body part, and the emitter is mounted in a middle position of the body part. The present invention is more efficient in an automatic process, reducing an operating cost at the same time, beneficial to propelling agricultural intellectualization, and the present invention can provide a higher efficiency and a better pollination quality and improve an agricultural productivity.

Abstract: The invention relates to plants and plant parts, in particular spinach plants (Spinacia oleracea L.), which are resistant to Peronospora farinosa f sp. spinaciae. The invention also relates to seeds capable of producing Peronospora farinosa f sp. spinaciae resistant plants. The invention further relates to methods for obtaining said plants with altered genotypes and seeds thereof, which are resistant to Peronospora farinosa f sp. spinaciae.

Abstract: The invention provides a new and distinct hybrid variety of melon, NUN 12105 MEM as well as seeds and plants and fruits thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the safety of a pet during travel is disclosed. The apparatus includes a body. The body includes a base, a wedge, and a back support. The wedge is positioned along the base. The wedge includes a top end elevated above the base and an inclined surface for supporting torso portions of the pet during travel. The back support is positioned along the base and configured to support a rear portion of the pet during travel. The apparatus may include a restraint system. The restraint system may include a harness which may engage with a portion of the base and may also engage with other portions of the pet. The apparatus may further include a strap assembly coupled to the base which may define at least one strap end for engaging with an anchor point of a vehicle.

Abstract: A system for applying an insecticide onto livestock. The system includes a gate assembly, two side brush assemblies, and an applicator assembly. During use, an animal contacts the applicator assembly, thereby causing the insecticide to exit the applicator assembly and contact the animal, where it is applied by the applicator assembly and the two side brush assemblies. The system is configured to efficiently and conveniently apply the insecticide onto the animal and reduce or eliminate a need for manually applying the insecticide onto the animal.

Abstract: A protective animal harness has a collar portion having a substantially annular shape with a first central opening configured for receiving a neck of an animal. The harness further has a torso portion having a substantially annular shape with a second central opening configured for receiving a torso of the animal. The harness further has a connecting strap connecting at least a portion of the collar portion to the torso portion and configured to extend between the front legs of the animal. A protective apron is connected to the collar portion. The protective apron has an arcuate shape that extends over a portion of a circumference of the collar portion. The protective apron has a flexible covering extending between a plurality of radially spaced apart reinforcement members.

Abstract: An equine adjustable blanket system for a horse having a neck, a back, a barrel, a dock, a withers, a chest, a mane, at least one shoulder, a point of said at least one shoulder, a forearm, and at least one scapula is disclosed. The equine adjustable blanket system has a horse blanket and a yoke device. The horse blanket is disposable upon and in contacting engagement with the back of the horse and the yoke device is disposable upon and in contacting engagement with the chest of the horse. The yoke device and the horse blanket being mutually and matingly couplable to each other to form the equine adjustable blanket system.

Abstract: A yoke device for a horse having a neck, a back, a barrel, a dock, a withers, a chest, a mane, at least one shoulder, a point of said at least one shoulder, a forearm, and at least one scapula is disclosed. The yoke device comprises a material having a “Y” shape, a belly end, a withers end, and a main body portion. The withers end comprises a pair of elongate strips splaying outwardly from a central point disposed within the main body portion and forming a neck opening therebetween. The pair of elongate strips circumscribe the neck of the horse when the elongate strips are disposed about the neck of the horse. The main body portion overlaps the chest of the horse when the main body portion of the yoke device is disposed in overlapping engagement with the chest of the horse.

Abstract: A invisible radio frequency (RF) leash system is provided for controlling and confining an owner's dog to a predefined distance or radius. The system comprises a radio frequency (RF) smartphone hardware interface or dongle, electronic dog collar module, and mobile device application user interface. The system RF hardware preferably operates on the 433 MHz, 2.4 GHz, or other radio frequencies. The dog owner sets the distance and stimulus modality via the mobile device application and is provided with automatic correction when the dog reaches the perimeter boundary and the dog is confined to the perimeter. The RF hardware interface or dongle is comprised of radio hardware for distance ranging, data-link, and receiving information from the dog collar module. The dog collar tracks activity and location with a GPS module and transmits RF distance ranging signals, location, and activity data to the RF dongle for display on the owner's mobile device application.

Abstract: A pet identification tag in which the tag body is adapted to include an integrated attachment ring that can be releasable coupled to a pet collar in a secure and convenient fashion without the need for a separate intermediate coupling device.

Abstract: An electronic gas dispenser control system having backflow and pressure sensors is described.

Abstract: Methods for the production of reproductively sterile fish and aquatic animals for aquaculture, the aquarium trade, and control of invasive species are described. The methods include disruption of gonadal development through the administration of compounds that lead to the failure of fertile gonadal development. Compounds may be delivered to the eggs prior to fertilization or water activation or post fertilization and water activation by contacting unfertilized or pre-water-activated fertilized eggs or fertilized eggs in an immersion medium including the compound of interest. Compounds may be conjugated with a molecular transporter compound effective for chorionic transport of the conjugate. The compounds may be antisense Morpholino oligomers that are capable of effectively suppressing the expression of the dead end gene or other essential genes for germ cell development in fish and other egg-producing aquatic animals.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for the creation of novel fishing lures is provided. In some examples. In some examples, the lure comprises a body wire including attachment features which may be reversibly attached to the lure. In some examples, the device may have the ability to comprise moving parts on its body which can be attractive to fish. In some examples the fishing lure comprises multiple moving parts that can create visual and sound based attractive aspects.

Abstract: A fishing accessory (10) for several different lures for coupling to a fishing device that can be reeled or trolled in a certain direction in order to catch fish. The fishing accessory (10) includes a first lure, in the form of a main fish (11), and at least two second lures (12A, 12B), smaller in size than the first lure and accompanied by flexible transparent elements (33A, 33B) attached to a rigid head (21) forming part of a supporting structure (15) of the first lure in the shape of a V, facing either towards a surface or bottom of a fishing area.

Abstract: A rotation transmission mechanism of a spinning reel for fishing transmits a rotation of a handle to a driven gear of a reciprocating mechanism. The rotation transmission mechanism includes an intermediate gear, a shaft member, and a biasing member. The intermediate gear rotates in response to rotation of the handle, meshes with the driven gear, and transmits the rotation of the handle to the driven gear. The shaft member rotatably supports the intermediate gear. The biasing member biases the intermediate gear in an axial direction of the shaft member.

Abstract: An outrigger having an outrigger arm with a tubular portion having an insertion end and an inside diameter, having a boss directed radially inward, and a butt having a longitudinal axis and a base end dimensioned for being received into the tubular portion in an insertion direction, the butt having a collar spaced from the base end, and a substantially J-shaped slot opening out at the base end for receiving the boss, the J-shaped slot having an insertion segment extending from the base end to a transverse segment extending circumferentially to a return segment extending to the base end, the return segment having an end wall, the boss bearing against the end wall in a secured position of the butt in the tubular portion in which the collar is spaced apart from the insertion end for defining a gap with a gap distance between the collar and the insertion end, a spring disposed in the tube portion for applying spring force against the butt opposite the insertion direction and seating the end wall against the boss

Abstract: A system for monitoring for presence of insects in non-hollow trees, the system including a structural element configured to be driven into the tree's interior and bearing a vibration sensor; and a processor configured to receive data recorded by the sensor, to detect presence of insects in the tree's interior by analyzing said data, and to generate alerts accordingly.

Abstract: A pest guard for the blockage of pests along dock lines and ship hawsers in order to prevent pests from reaching boats and pleasure craft moored by these lines. Such pests include but are not limited to: rodents, iguanas, raccoons, opossums, and crawling insects such as ants, spiders and cockroaches. Comprised of a conical shaped main body with a flat bottom, a center shaft extends from the middle of the main body. This shaft shall be hollow as to allow the passage of dock line. The bottom of the interior of this conical shape allows for the placement of insect prohibiting adhesive substance that may be in the form of flat disks, which are replaceable.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an insect trap for trapping insects, the insect trap comprising one or more serviceable parts, the insect trap being movable between a first configuration for trapping insects, and a second configuration for servicing of the one or more serviceable parts. The insect trap is arranged so that the position of the one or more serviceable parts in the first configuration differs from the position of the one or more serviceable parts in the second configuration.

Abstract: An entry barrier for a doorway includes a first strip, mechanically coupled to a jamb and a threshold around a strike plate. A second strip is mechanically coupled to the jamb and the threshold around the strike plate and parallel to the first strip. A printed circuit board in a power source unit is electrically coupled to the first strip and the second strip. The printed circuit board directs electrical power from the power source unit to the first strip and the second strip such that a pest contacting the first strip or the second strip is electrocuted.

Abstract: An insect vacuum and trap attachment system can include a tubular member having an elongate channel that extends along an outer surface of the tubular member. The system can also include a suction member that slideably receives the tubular member. The suction member can have a narrowed open tip that receives insects and a stem that extends along at least an outer surface of the suction member. The stem can be slideably received by the elongate channel to enable the suction member to slide with respect to the tubular member. The system can include a catch that protrudes from the stem. The catch may be arranged and configured to receive a portion of an insect filter pod and thereby couple the insect filter pod between the tubular member and the suction member.

Abstract: A spray boom for spraying a fluid on a target includes a boom frame and a spray section coupled to the boom frame. The spray section includes a spray pipe configured to be fluidly coupled to a fluid source and a nozzle coupled to the spray pipe and configured to be fluidly coupled to the fluid source. An actuator is coupled at one end to the boom frame and at an opposite end to the spray section. The actuator is controllably extending and retracting to move the spray pipe and nozzle between a raised position and a lowered position.

Abstract: A spray boom for spraying a fluid on a target includes a boom frame and a spray section coupled to the boom frame. The spray section includes a spray pipe configured to be fluidly coupled to a fluid source and a nozzle coupled to the spray pipe and configured to be fluidly coupled to the fluid source. An actuator is coupled at one end to the boom frame and at an opposite end to the spray section. The actuator is controllably extending and retracting to move the spray pipe and nozzle between a raised position and a lowered position. A trip assembly is coupled between the boom frame and actuator for biasing the spray section to a biased position in which the actuator and nozzle are substantially perpendicular to the underlying surface.

Abstract: A crop signaling method and machine-based crop recognition system and methods are disclosed to detect a unique optical crop signal selectively applied to crop plants, allowing automatic differentiation of crop plants from weeds and the automatic creation of a high spatial resolution crop and weed plant map, along with automated plant management tasks.