Abstract: Apparatus for additively manufacturing of three-dimensional objects by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material which can be consolidated inside a process chamber (5) of the apparatus by means of an energy beam, wherein the apparatus comprises a suction device (2) adapted to locally suck process gas capable of being loaded with particles and/or residues generated in a manufacturing process from a process chamber (5) of the apparatus, wherein the suction device (2) comprises a base body (7) defining an inner suction volume (8), wherein the base body (7) comprises at least one slit-like opening facing the inner suction volume (8), wherein the suction device (2) is adapted to suck process gas through the slit-like opening (9), in particular out of the process chamber (5).

Abstract: The present disclosure various apparatuses, and systems for 3D printing. The present disclosure provides three-dimensional (3D) printing methods, apparatuses, software and systems for a step and repeat energy irradiation process; controlling material characteristics and/or deformation of the 3D object; reducing deformation in a printed 3D object; and planarizing a material bed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a method for forming a three dimensional, hierarchical, porous metal structure with deterministically controlled 3D multiscale pore architectures. The method may involve providing a feedstock able to be applied in an additive manufacturing process, and using an additive manufacturing process to produce a three dimensional (3D) structure using the feedstock. The method may involve further processing the 3D structure through at least a de-alloying operation to form a metallic 3D structure having an engineered, digitally controlled macropore morphology with integrated nanoporosity.

Abstract: Provided are methods for preparing iron nanoparticles and to iron nanoparticles produced by those methods. The invention also provides methods for coating the iron nanoparticles with oxides and functionalizing the iron nanoparticles with organic and polymeric ligands. Additionally, the invention provides methods of using such iron nanoparticles.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cutter and a method for machining a tubular component. The cutter for machining a tubular component comprises a cutter body, a first cutter portion and a second cutter portion being provided on a front end in a longitudinal direction of the cutter body, the first cutter portion extending along the longitudinal direction of the cutter body, and the second cutter portion being located on a rear side of the first cutter portion in the longitudinal direction and protruding from a main side surface of the cutter body in a direction substantially perpendicular to the main side surface.

Abstract: A boring tool includes a tool body rotatable around a central rotation axis. A slider member is arranged movably inside the tool body along a path extending transversely to the rotation axis. An insert pocket is associated with the slider member to move therewith and configured to receive a cutting insert with a cutting edge and which projects from the tool body transversely to the rotation axis. A motor member is connected to the slider member and controllable to move the slider member transversely to the rotation axis for changing the distance of the cutting edge to the rotation axis. The motor member is arranged inside the tool body together with the slider member in a cutting part of the tool body at a front end thereof. The motor member is arranged in parallel with the transversal extension of the slider member along said path.

Abstract: A lathe includes a spindle, a turret, a Z-axis feed mechanism moving the spindle and the turret relative to each other in a Z-axis direction along a center axis of the spindle, an X-axis feed mechanism moving the spindle and the turret relative to each other in an X-axis direction orthogonal to the Z-axis direction, and a plurality of tool holders each having a tool holding part holding a tool, and attached to the turret. The tool holding part of at least one of the tool holders holds the tool at a holding position thereon set at a position such that, when the held tool is indexed to a machining position by rotation of the turret, a cutting-edge reference point of the held tool is offset to one side with respect to an X-Z plane including a center axis of the turret.

Abstract: Provided is a tool chuck that allows precision gripping of a tool by a collet when this collet is pushed into a chuck body. The tool chuck includes a collet for gripping a tool, a chuck body having, at a leading end thereof, a receiving portion for receiving the collet inserted therein along an axis thereof, a holder containing the collet therein and configured to be movable together with the collet along an axial direction based on the axis, and a nut fitted on the chuck body in a radial direction based the axis and containing the holder in the radial direction. The holder has a movement allowing mechanism for allowing the holder to move relative to the nut along the axial direction when the nut is moved relative to the chuck body along the axial direction.

Abstract: A device for opening a connection to a lined pipe is disclosed. The device has a body that includes a front end and a rear end and being rotatable about a rotation axis. The device also has a drill head that has multiple cutters for puncturing and enlarging a hole in a liner, and multiple side cutters have at least one cutting edge parallel to the rotation axis. A safety ring is disposed on the body between the drill head and the side cutters. The safety ring has a circular periphery extending beyond the drill head and the side cutters in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis.

Abstract: The Deburr-It Bit is a versatile tool bit designed to be used manually with smaller size circular hollow ridged tubing or with a motorized drill during the installation of all types and sizes of circular hollow ridged tubing. The function of the Deburr-It Bit is to remove burr that is formed on said tubing when the tubing is cut with various types of saws and cutting tools. In most cases, the removal of burr allows the circular hollow ridged tubing to easily slip into the manufactured fitting orifice found on all fittings which could include elbows, valves, couplings, adaptors, and most types of connectors. It should also be noted here, that removal of burr, on the inside edge of circular hollow ridged tubing, is necessary to have a smooth unrestricted surface for the best fluid flow possible.

Abstract: Provided is a milling cutter including: a tool body to rotate about an axis; and cutting edges at an outer peripheral part of a front end of the tool body, wherein the cutting edges include a flat face machining cutting edge extending along a virtual plane perpendicular to the axis, and a recessed groove machining cutting edge projecting further toward a front end side in the axial direction than the flat face machining cutting edge, and the recessed groove machining cutting edge has a first inclined portion extending toward the front end side in the axial direction toward an outside in a radial direction, a second inclined portion arranged outside the first inclined portion in the radial direction and extending toward a base end side in the axial direction toward the outside in the radial direction, and a tip portion connecting the first and second inclined portions.

Abstract: A cutting insert comprising a cutting tip and a base insert on which the cutting tip is mounted, the cutting insert being provided with a passage PA which is formed along a boundary surface between the cutting tip and the base insert so as to extend from a boundary part, in an upper surface of the cutting insert, between the cutting tip and the base insert to another boundary part, in a lower surface of the cutting insert, between the cutting tip and the base insert.

Abstract: Provided is a fastening structure having a wide application range and a high degree of freedom of design. A fastening structure includes: a head including a first end surface and a first screw part formed on the first end surface; and a shank including a second end surface and a second screw part formed on the second end surface and threadedly engaging with the first screw part. The first end surface includes a first principal surface oriented in an axial direction of the first screw part and a first step surface oriented in a rotational direction of the first screw part. The second end surface includes a second principal surface oriented in an axial direction of the second screw part and a second step surface oriented in a rotational direction of the second screw part. The first and second principal surfaces face each other and the first and second step surfaces face each other when the first screw part threadedly engages with the second screw part.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cutting insert 10 which is mounted on an indexable rotating tool E comprising a body B that rotates about a predetermined rotational axis AX. The cutting insert 10 comprises an upper surface 10a, a lower surface 10b and a peripheral side surface. The cutting insert 10 further comprises an inner cutting edge 10g and a corner cutting edge 10f. A top part S, which has the maximum distance from the lower surface 10b, is located on the corner cutting edge 10f.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a metal-cutting machine tool with a base body, which is rotatable about an axis of rotation relative to a workpiece to be machined, at least one plate seat disposed outside the axis of rotation on the base body and a cutting insert, which is inserted into the plate seat and held therein by at least one fastening means and which is provided with a coating, at least in the area of its cutting edge. In order to compensate for positional tolerances, according to this disclosure the plate seat comprises a positioning surface oriented toward the axis of rotation, and the cutting insert has a reference surface lying against the positioning surface and facing away from the axis of rotation, for radially determining the position of its cutting edge, wherein the coating is also applied to the reference surface.

Abstract: An attachable and extendable saw and methods for cutting objects with the attachable and extendable saw are provided. The attachable and extendable saw can include a blade housing coupled to a main body. The blade housing at least partially covers a saw blade and the extendable member can be configured to move the saw blade with or without the blade housing between a retracted position and an extended position relative to the main body. The extendable saw can also include means to drive the saw blade, means to drive the extendable member, and means for attaching the attachable and extendable saw to the objects to be cut. Saw blade height adjustment means, handles for ease of use, and eyelets for tethering are provided. The saw blade is attached to the attachable and extendable saw via pins and fasteners.

Abstract: A liquid reclamation and recirculation system for a wet saw cutting apparatus comprising: a wet saw having a blade onto which liquid is dispensed by a liquid dispenser adjacent thereto; a first tank for receiving the liquid that has been dispensed onto the blade, the liquid received by the first tank defining a water level of the first tank; a second tank for receiving the liquid at or near the water level of the first tank; wherein the liquid dispensed by the liquid dispenser is drawn from the second tank.

Abstract: A system comprising a welding machine having a control box; a welding gun electrically connected to the control box; a gas cylinder; a first gas line extending from the gas cylinder to the control box; a second gas line extending from the control box to the welding gun; a wire feed device that feeds wire to the welding gun; and a sensor. The sensor is configured to monitor the amount of gas in the gas supply. When the sensor senses that the amount of gas has reached or gone below a threshold level, it shuts off the wire feed device.

Abstract: A device to unclog orifices in a workpiece is provided. The device includes a lower portion configured to receive the workpiece and an upper portion configured to secure the workpiece to the lower portion. The upper portion includes a tube configured to receive a piston. An unclogging material is placed in the tube portion, and the piston forces the unclogging material through the orifices.

Abstract: Disclosed is a through-hole forming method including a process of forming, by condensing and irradiating a laser beam onto an insulation substrate through a lens, a through-hole that passes through the insulation substrate in a thickness direction of the insulation substrate. A medium between the lens and the insulation substrate is air. A converging half angle ? that is calculated from a focal length f of the lens and a beam diameter d of the laser beam that enters the lens by using expression (1) satisfies expression (2): (d/2)/f=tan ???(1), and 0.16?sin ??0.22??(2).

Abstract: A welding device for remotely controlling welding power supply settings is provided. One embodiment of the welding device includes a welding pendant having a control panel configured to control a plurality of settings of a welding power supply. The control panel is not part of the welding power supply and the plurality of settings includes a welding current output by the welding power supply. The welding pendant also includes a welding power input configured to receive welding power and data from the welding power supply via a welding power cable. The welding power is combined with the data such that the data is provided over the welding power cable.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided herein for measuring 3D apparatus (e.g., manual tool or tool accessory) orientation. Example implementations use an auto-nulling algorithm that incorporates a quaternion-based unscented Kalman filter. Example implementations use a miniature inertial measurement unit endowed with a tri-axis gyro and a tri-axis accelerometer. The auto-nulling algorithm serves as an in-line calibration procedure to compensate for the gyro drift, which has been verified to significantly improve the estimation accuracy in three-dimensions, especially in the heading estimation.

Abstract: A wire feeder has a motor, mounting plate, intermediate mounting plate, and base assembly. The mounting plate has a plurality of mounting hole patterns and a shaft hole. The motor a mounting hole pattern that aligns with at least one of the plurality. One of a plurality of motor types can be mounted to the mounting plate. The mounting plate is mounted to the intermediate mounting plate, which is mounted to the base assembly. The base assembly includes a drive gear, which is connected to rotate with an insulating cap that receives a gear hub. The gear hub is connected to rotate with the motor shaft via matching keys. The insulating hub, intermediate mounting plate and mounting plate are electrically insulating, so that the base assembly is electrically isolated from the motor.

Abstract: Welding cable assemblies, welding torch assemblies, and robotic welding systems are disclosed. An example welding-type cable assembly includes: a cable configured to deliver welding-type current and an electrode wire to a welding-type torch, the cable configured to be coupled to the welding-type torch on a first end and coupled to at least one of a wire feeder or a welding-type power supply on a second end; and a spring mechanically coupled to the cable, the spring having a higher resistance to torque than the cable, and the spring configured to transfer a portion of twisting induced at a first end of the cable past a bend portion of the cable.

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus 100 including a column unit 200 that is configured to output an electron beam EB and deflect the electron beam EB toward the front surface of a powder layer 32, an electron detector 72 that is configured to detect electrons that may be emitted in a predetermined direction from the front surface of the powder layer 32 when the powder layer 32 is irradiated with the electron beam EB, a melting judging unit 410 that is configured to generate a melting signal based on the strength of the detection signal from the electron detector 72, and a deflection controller 420 that is configured to receive the melting signal to determine the condition of the irradiation the electron beam.

Abstract: Provided is a three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus 100 including a column unit 200 that is configured to output an electron beam EB and deflect the electron beam EB toward the front surface of a powder layer 32, an insulating portion that electrically insulates a three-dimensional structure 36 from a ground potential member, an ammeter 73 that is configured to measure the current value indicative of the current flowing into the ground after passing through the three-dimensional structure 36, a melting judging unit 410 that is configured to detect that the powder layer 32 is melted based on the current value measured by the ammeter 73 and generate a melting signal, and a deflection controller 420 that is configured to receive the melting signal to determine the condition for the irradiation with the electron beam.

Abstract: Sensors comprising optical sensor fibers detect a laser light output from at least a laser delivery optical fiber to provide feedback of the laser light intensity detected by the optical sensor fiber. The optical sensor fibers may be integrated within a laser delivery bundle, or may be positioned between a delivery end of the laser delivery optical fiber and a plurality of work pieces to be welded. In various aspects, the feedback provided from the optical sensor fibers is used to control the laser light intensity or to alert an operator that the laser light intensity has fallen below a predetermined parameter.

Abstract: A laser machining method is performed using a laser machining apparatus including a laser light source that emits laser light and a scanning mechanism for causing the laser light to scan, and the method includes causing laser light to scan a region to be machined. Causing laser light to scan includes changing the scanning direction of laser light in a direction change portion within the region to be machined a plurality of times.

Abstract: An engraving system using a laser as a tool includes a laser cabinet with a three-point suspension system for mounting the cabinet on a surface such as a table. The three suspension points are arranged in a triangle with at least one of the suspension points being either in the front center or rear center of the field of translation of the engraving tool in the xy plane. While the other two suspension points are mounted in either the left and right front corners of the field or the left and right rear corners of the field or close to those locations. Using the three triangularly arranged suspension points, at least two of which are independently adjustable in elevation, the laser cabinet can be elevated and oriented so as to maintain the plane of the tool translation field parallel to the target surface of the workpiece during an engraving operation.

Abstract: A laser welding device includes a welding head configured to emit a laser beam to a working point, a shield gas supplying nozzle configured to supply shield gas to the working point, and a high-speed air supplying nozzle configured to supply a high-speed air stream between the shield gas supplying nozzle and the welding head, the high-speed air stream having a flow rate that is larger than a flow rate of the shield gas, and being supplied in a horizontal direction directly above the shield gas supplied to the working point, or in a direction orthogonal to an emission direction of the laser beam. The high-speed air supplying nozzle is disposed in a range from 80 mm to 200 mm, both inclusive, above the working point, or in a range equal to or lower than a half of a working distance between an emission surface of the laser beam of the welding head and the working point, and supplies the high-speed air stream in a belt shape.

Abstract: A liquid supply mechanism disposed at an upper portion of a holding unit includes a liquid chamber having a transparent plate positioned to form a gap between itself and an upper surface of a workpiece held on a holding table, a roller formed of a transparent member that is disposed in a non-contact state at a position proximate to an upper surface of the workpiece held on the holding table inside the liquid chamber and that produces a flow of a liquid on the workpiece; a motor rotating the roller, a liquid supply nozzle supplying the liquid into the gap from one side of the liquid chamber, and a liquid discharge nozzle discharging the liquid from the other side of the liquid chamber. A laser beam is applied to the workpiece through the transparent plate, the roller, and the liquid supplied into the gap.

Abstract: This disclosure describes machining units for machining a workpiece, in particular for welding a workpiece by, using a thermal machining beam. The thermal machining beam can be directed onto a workpiece along a beam incidence axis by means of the machining unit, wherein the machining unit has a rotary drive device by means of which an auxiliary module for workpiece machining is rotatable about the beam incidence axis. The machining unit includes a coupling device by which the auxiliary module can be moved between a position coupled to the rotary drive device and a position uncoupled from the rotary drive device.

Abstract: A near-infrared-absorption white material, a method of manufacturing the same, and uses thereof. The near-infrared-absorption material includes copper pyrophosphate compound. The copper pyrophosphate compound has a brightness (CIE L*) value of 90 or more in a visible-ray region and is excellent in particle manufacturing properties, and a crystalline structure of the copper pyrophosphate compound is made chemically stable using a heat treatment at a high temperature. The copper pyrophosphate compound is represented by the following chemical formula: Cu2P2O7 or Cu2P2O7.XH2O (x=1?3).

Abstract: Sensors incorporated within a laser bank detect light emitted by light sources that is directed into and travels through a delivery end of an associated laser delivery optical fiber. The light sources may be positioned between downstream of the delivery end of the associated laser delivery optical fiber and a lower tooling. In some embodiments, the light source is incorporated within a waveguide. In other embodiments, the light source is positioned within a dummy part.

Abstract: A tool for laser beam processing is provided. The tool includes an upper tool and a lower tool, which are able to be advanced toward one another by way of a press, such that at least one component is able to be fixed in a predefined position between the upper tool and the lower tool. At least one laser beam exit surface, which is part of an inner surface of the upper tool or lower tool, and at least one laser beam guide, into which laser radiation is able to be coupled and is able to be directed through the laser beam exit surface onto a processing location on the component are provided. A control device, which enables and/or disables the coupling of laser radiation into the at least one laser beam guide depending on the advancing movement between upper tool and lower tool is provided. Furthermore, a laser beam processing apparatus and a method for laser beam processing are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber laser system that delivers from a single processing cable a multibeam output. The present invention allows for controlling multiple fiber laser modules and delivering their respective outputs in a pre-determined sequence but in a single processing cable, thereby providing multiple processing steps on a work piece that heretofore required separate optics for each beam. Custom fiber laser systems that combine processing steps tailored for a specific industrial application such as pre-heating, cutting, cleaning, welding, brazing, ablating, annealing, cooling, polishing and the like can be readily provided because of the present invention.

Abstract: Provided is a laser processing device that performs laser processing on a workpiece to which a protective film has been attached, wherein a determination is made as to whether or not a common part for which laser marking processing is necessary for cutting the protective film is present on the basis of processing information including a processing program, and when a common part for which laser marking processing is necessary for cutting the protective film is present, the laser marking processing process for that common part is added to the processing program.

Abstract: The invention concerns an apparatus and a method for laser processing. There is provided at least one first laser beam from at least one first optical feed fiber connected to at least one first laser device and at least one second laser beam from at least one second optical feed fiber connected to at least one second laser device. Said first and second laser beams are combined in a multi-core optical fiber. Said first core of said multi-core optical fiber has a circular cross-section, and said second core has an annular shape concentric to said first core. A composite laser beam comprising first and second output beams is directed from said multi-core optical fiber to a workpiece with overlapping elements to be welded.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for additive manufacturing are provided that allow for components being manufactured to be assessed during the printing process. As a result, changes to a print plan can be considered, made, and implemented during the printing process. More particularly, in exemplary embodiments, a spectrometer is operated while a component is being printed to measure one or more parameters associated with one or more layers of the component being printed. The measured parameter(s) are then relied upon to determine if any changes are needed to the way printing is occurring, and if such changes are desirable, the system is able to implement such changes during the printing process. By way of non-limiting examples, printed material in one or more layers may be reheated to alter the printed component, such as to remove defects identified by the spectrometer data.

Abstract: Build material application device (6) for an apparatus (1) for additively manufacturing three-dimensional components by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (4), the build material application device (6) being configured to apply a layer of build material (3) in a build plane (7) of a respective apparatus (1), the build material application (6) device comprising at least one build material application member (10, 11), wherein the at least one build material application member (10, 11) is at least partially additively manufactured by means of successive layerwise selective irradiation and consolidation of layers of a build material (3) which can be consolidated by means of an energy beam (4).

Abstract: A method for laser shock peening of a component, in particular at points that are difficult to access, includes the steps of: supplying a first end of a flexible optical waveguide, which end is designed in the form of an optical waveguide brush having a plurality of divergent optical waveguide fibres, to a point of the component to be treated by laser shock peening; generating laser shock pulses, which are coupled in at a second end of the optical waveguide, by a laser beam source; and discharging the laser shock pulses by the optical waveguide brush into a process zone at the point of the component to be treated. A use of an optical waveguide brush, a system for laser shock peening of a component, and a mobile laser shock treatment station are also described.

Abstract: A liquid supply mechanism disposed over a holding unit of laser processing apparatus includes a liquid chamber having a circular-disc-shaped transparent plate positioned to form a gap between the circular-disc-shaped transparent plate and an upper surface of the workpiece held by the holding table, a liquid supply nozzle that supplies a liquid from one side of the liquid chamber to the gap, a liquid discharge nozzle that discharges the liquid from the other side of the liquid chamber, and a rotation mechanism that rotates the circular-disc-shaped transparent plate and generates a flow velocity in the liquid supplied to the gap. The laser beam irradiation unit includes a laser oscillator that emits a laser beam and a condenser that condenses the laser beam emitted from the laser oscillator and irradiates the workpiece with the laser beam transmitted through the transparent plate and the liquid supplied to the gap.

Abstract: A period of time during which a laser beam moves through an inner region of a beam spot that ranges from a center of the beam spot to an area corresponding to a thermal energy of 44% with respect to a total thermal energy of the beam spot is set as a moving time tp. “c”, “?”, “?”, “T”. “T0”, “A”, and “Pd” respectively represents a specific heat, a density, a thermal conductivity, a melting temperature, an environmental temperature, a light absorptance, and an energy density of the inner region. A time calculated from Equation (1) is set as a melting time tm. A plate thickness is represented by x and a value of tm/tp is represented by y. The value y is set between a lower limit value (Equation (2)) and an upper limit value (Equation (3)). tm=c×?×?×?[(T?T0)/(2×A×Pd)]2 ??(1) y=0.0027e0.36x ??(2) y=0.0026e0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laser three-dimensional processing system, and more particularly, to a laser three-dimensional processing system capable of forming a pattern or cutting, marking, welding, milling or welding while scanning an object for dental prosthesis. The laser three-dimensional processing system of the present invention employs a laser scanning method in which laser beam is formed on an object by using a reflection mirror without a laser head, thereby improving the processing speed from several tens to hundreds of times. That is, instead of transferring a heavy laser head, transferring a few tens of grams of a light reflective mirror can reduce the inertia of several tens to hundreds of times, resulting in a high speed, high precision curve and three dimensional processing can be performed.

Abstract: A method for cutting sapphire comprising a sapphire body and a coating formed on the sapphire body, the method comprising: focusing a first CO2 laser beam the coating via a CO2 focusing assembly to remove the coating with a predetermined thickness extending along a first path; wherein dust and debris generated during removal of the coating are removed while the coating is removed; focusing an ultrafast laser beam on the sapphire body via an optical path shaping assembly to form a plurality of restructuring channels distributed along a second path and penetrating through the sapphire; wherein the second path coincides with the first path; scanning, by the second CO2 laser beam, the sapphire body via a galvanometer focusing assembly, wherein a path of the second CO2 laser beam scanning the sapphire body via a galvanometer focusing assembly coincides with or deviates from the second path, so that the sapphire cracks along the restructuring channels.

Abstract: A method of laser welding a workpiece stack-up (10) of overlapping steel workpieces (12, 14) involves heat-treating a region (64) of the stack-up (10) followed by forming a laser weld joint (66) that is located at least partially within the heat-treated region (64). During heat-treating, one or more pre-welding laser beams (68) are sequentially directed at a top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) and advanced along a pre-welding beam travel pattern (70) so as to reduce an amount of vaporizable zinc within the stack-up (10). Thereafter, the laser weld joint (66) is formed by directing a welding laser beam (82) at the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) and advancing the welding laser beam (82) along a welding beam travel pattern (84) that at least partially overlaps with a coverage area of a pre-welding beam travel pattern (70) or a shared coverage area portion of multiple pre-welding beam travel patterns (70).

Abstract: A braze preform includes a filler metal, a flux in communication with the filler metal, and a luminescent material covering at least a portion of the filler metal. The luminescent material is equal to or less than 0.15% total weight of the braze ring. Further, the luminescent material includes at least one of a luminescent ink, a solvent, and a binder. The solvent may be one of a bromide-based solvent or a non-chlorine-based solvent. The binder may be an acrylic resin.

Abstract: A joint structure includes a first metal part and a second metal part. The first metal part includes a nickel-iron alloy or copper. The second metal part is provided adjacent to the first metal part and includes tin. Out of the first metal part and the second metal part, the first metal part includes a plurality of first metal parts, or out of the first metal part and the second metal part, the second metal part includes a plurality of second metal parts, or the first metal part includes the plurality of first metal parts and the second metal part includes the plurality of second metal parts.

Abstract: Provided is a lead-free solder alloy for terminal preliminary plating, by which the separation property when pulling up the terminals from molten solder is improved. The lead-free solder alloy for terminal preliminary plating contains 4 mass % or more and 6 mass % or less of Cu, 0.1 mass % or more and 0.2 mass % or less of Ni, 0.01 mass % or more and 0.04 mass % or less of Ga, 0.004 mass % or more and 0.03 mass % or less of P, and a remainder of Sn, a total amount of Ga and P being 0.05 mass % or less. Its tension in a melted condition by heating in soldering temperature is 200 dyn/cm or less.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy brazing sheet 1 characterized by comprising a core material 2, a brazing material 3 made of an Al—Si based alloy provided on one surface of the core material 2, a sacrificial material 4 provided on another surface of the core material 2, and an intermediate material 5 provided between the core material 2 and the sacrificial material 4; a plate thickness being less than 200 ?m; the core material 2 containing a predetermined amount of Mn and Cu, with a balance being Al and inevitable impurities; the sacrificial material 4 containing a predetermined amount of Zn and less than a predetermined amount of Mg, with a balance being Al and inevitable impurities; and the intermediate material 5 containing a predetermined amount of Mg with a balance being Al and inevitable impurities.