Abstract: A method and system for controlling injection rates of an injection pump powered by an electric motor, below a minimum speed of the electric motor, includes the implementation of an off and on duty cycle for the motor. The method and system includes automatic transitioning between continuous operation and off and on duty cycle operation.

Abstract: A retrofittable control system for controlling an engine and a clutch of a frost fan may include a data processing system, a thermostat, a human machine interface, a throttle control module, and/or a clutch control module. The control system may be configured to automatically start the fan when the thermostat detects a temperature below a user defined turn-on temperature, and to automatically shut down and park the fan when the thermostat detects a temperature above a user defined turn-off temperature. In some examples, starting up the fan may include running a clutch engagement sequence that engages the clutch at different speeds for different durations.

Abstract: A closed impeller includes: a housing provided with an opening; an insert inserted into one side of the opening; and an impeller body inserted into the other side of the opening, and including a plurality of blades and a shroud covering the plurality of blades, wherein the insert is provided with an inflow channel guiding a fluid into an inlet of the impeller body, and wherein a clearance between an outer surface of the insert and an inner surface of the housing forms a circulation flow channel connecting the other end of the inflow channel with a portion where one end of the inflow channel meets the inlet of the impeller body.

Abstract: A pump is provided which includes a rotating element, and a volute housing having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet. In operational state, the rotating element rotates, drawing fluid through the fluid inlet of the volute housing and expelling the fluid at a higher pressure through the fluid outlet. Further, the pump includes a bypass mechanism integrated, at least in part, within the volute housing and exposing in nonoperational state of the pump, a bypass path through, at least in part, the volute housing that allows the fluid to pass from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet of the pump.

Abstract: A journal bearing including a plurality of bearing pads having pad surfaces which configured to slidably come into contact with an outer circumferential surface of a rotating shaft and disposed at intervals, a key member provided a part of a pad rear surface which faces radially outward in the bearing pad, having a curved surface which is curved around an axis parallel to the central axis, configured to extend to have the same cross-sectional shape, and formed of a material having a hardness higher than that of a material forming the pad rear surface of the bearing pad, and a housing having a support surface in contact with a part of the curved surface of the key member in the circumferential direction and configured to support the key member and the bearing pad to be swingable from an outer side in a radial direction.

Abstract: A centrifugal compressor to be used in a chiller system includes a casing, an impeller, a motor and a diffuser. The casing has an inlet portion and an outlet portion. The impeller is attached to a shaft rotatable about a rotation axis, and has an impeller shroud which encloses the impeller. The motor rotates the shaft in order to rotate the impeller. The diffuser is disposed in the outlet portion downstream of the impeller. The centrifugal compressor further includes a seal bearing. The seal bearing is attached to the inlet portion to seal the impeller shroud, and rotatably supports the impeller and the shaft.

Abstract: A vane assembly for a gas turbine includes a first shroud segment, a second shroud segment, a first inner air seal, and a seal assembly. The first shroud segment has a first end face. The second shroud segment is disposed adjacent to the first shroud segment and has a second end face that faces towards and is spaced apart from the first end face by a gap. The first inner air seal extends into the first shroud segment and defines a first trench. The seal assembly at least partially received within the first trench.

Abstract: A device is disclosed including a wear ring formed as a hollow cylinder with an inside diameter and an outside diameter. The hollow cylinder may have multiple holes through at least a portion of the wear ring from the inside diameter towards the outside diameter. The multiple holes may be passages between the inside diameter and the outside diameter that allow fluid under pressure to pass between the inside diameter and the outside diameter through the multiple holes.

Abstract: An impeller blade structure includes a main body having a first through opening communicating a first side with an opposite second side of the main body. The main body is formed on the first side with angularly spaced block-like blades, which respectively include a first end contacting or not contacting with the first through opening, an opposite second end, and a first coupling section. Any two adjacent blades together define between them a passage. When a virtual line tangentially passes through a point on a circumference of the main body that is corresponding to one radially outer end of the blade, an acute included angle will be defined between the virtual line and the blade. With these arrangements, the blades produce less noise and are more durable for use when the impeller blade structure rotates. A rotor assembly including the impeller blade structure is also disclosed.

Abstract: A centrifugal pump has a housing forming a chamber having intake and output ports and a plastic lining in the chamber An impeller wheel in the chamber is formed by a hub rotatable about an axis, a rear disk projecting radially from the hub, a front disk projecting radially from the hub and offset axially from the rear disk, and radial vanes extending axially between the disks. The hub, disks, and vanes are formed of a high-strength material such as metal and carries a coating on outer surfaces of the hub, disks, and vanes of a plastic of lower strength than the material.

Abstract: A fan includes a hub and a blade assembly. The hub has a central portion and an extension portion. The extension portion is extended outwardly from a peripheral edge of the central portion. The blade assembly includes a plurality of blades. Each blade has a leading edge, each of the leading edges is an end point of each blade that is most close to the central portion. The blades are disposed around the hub. At least a part of the leading edges of the blades are connected to the extension portion, and distances between a center of the central portion and the leading edges of at least two blades are different. Therefore, the factors of fan and the quality of voice could be enhanced, and the multi-frequencies noise could be avoided during operation.

Abstract: A heat dissipation fan including a hub and a plurality of metal fan blades disposed all around the hub. Each of the metal fan blades has a first end and a second end opposite to each other, wherein the first end is connected to the hub, and the metal fan blade has a flap wing at the second end. An angle is included between the flap wing and a surface of the metal fan blade.

Abstract: A centrifugal fan includes a motor having a rotor, an impeller that is fixed to the rotor, a circuit board electrically connected to the motor, and a casing that accommodates the motor, the impeller, and the circuit board. The impeller includes a cylindrical boss portion fixed to the rotor, a plurality of blade portions that are arranged in a circumferential direction and extend radially outward, an upper shroud having an annular shape and connecting axially upper portions of the blade portions, and a lower shroud having an annular shape and connecting axially lower portions of the blade portions. The casing has a lower casing disposed axially below the impeller. The lower casing has a board accommodating portion for accommodating the circuit board, and a cover member facing a lower end face of the blade portions and an upper face of the circuit board in the axial direction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a blower fan, comprising two side walls, an air duct, a handle, a motor, a wind wheel and a motor control assembly; the two side walls are arranged in parallel with each other; the air duct is arranged between the two side walls in a rotatable way; the handle is mounted on the air duct; the motor and the wind wheel are both mounted in the air duct; the motor control assembly is arranged on a side wall close to the motor and is electrically connected with the motor, installation position of the motor control assembly with respect to the side wall being at an inner side of the side wall. According to the present invention, the air blowing angle is adjustable due to the rotation of the air duct, achieving a better drying effect. Additionally, the structure of the present invention is compact, attractive in appearance and durable.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine casing apparatus includes annular first and second annular cases connected by a spigot joint. The spigot joint includes an annular projection of the first annular case fitted into an annular recess of the second annular case. A plurality of circumferentially spaced apart scallops are formed on one of surfaces of the annular projection or of the annular recess, and are located in selective circumferential locations adjacent respective enhanced stiff areas of the first and second annular cases.

Abstract: A fume exhaust assembly and a fume exhaust device are provided. The fume exhaust assembly includes a fan, a vortex generating portion, a fume intake pipe, and a fume exhaust pipe. The vortex generating portion includes a vortex pipe and an air intake channel. The air intake channel is in communication with the vortex pipe, an inlet of the air intake channel is connected to the fan, and an outlet of the air intake channel is configured to generate a vortex updraft in the vortex pipe. The fume intake pipe and the fume exhaust pipe are in communication with the vortex pipe. An outlet of the fume intake pipe is arranged above the outlet of the air intake channel. The outlet of the fume intake pipe is configured to be in communication with a low-pressure zone of the vortex updraft. The fume exhaust pipe is connected to an outlet of the vortex pipe.

Abstract: A liquid heating pump includes an impeller chamber having an impeller, which can be rotatably driven, and a diffuser and/or pressure chamber arranged axially downstream in the flow direction and having a stationary diffuser. A heating device is associated with the diffuser and/or pressure chamber. The diffuser has a main body, in particular in the shape of a circular cylinder, having an axial outer casing, the diameter of which is selected to be at least equal to 80%, in particular between 80% and 90%, preferably approximately equal to 86%, of the external diameter of the diffuser and/or pressure chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle fan shroud de-icing assembly includes a vehicle radiator, a fan shroud installed to the radiator, a fan and a heat providing member. The fan is installed to the fan shroud adjacent to the radiator and is configured to selectively move air between heat transferring fins of the radiator. The heat providing member is attached to one of the radiator and the fan shroud. The heat providing member is positioned and configured to provide heat to the fan shroud and/or radiator in order to melt ice, show and shush retained within the fan shroud or on surfaces of the radiator.

Abstract: A system for controlling the clearance distance between an impeller blade tip of a centrifugal compressor and a radially inner surface of an impeller shroud in a turbine engine. The system comprises a thermal driver coupled between the impeller shroud and engine casing by hinged linkages. The thermal driver is coupled to a closed form refrigeration system having an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, and a refrigerant contained therein. The thermal driver is cooled by the refrigeration system, and the rate of cooling causes expansion and contraction of the thermal driver that is translated by linkages into axially forward and aft motion of the shroud.

Abstract: A frame structure includes a frame body and at least one vibration absorbing structure. The vibration absorbing structure has a support column and at least one cantilever. The cantilever has a cantilever body, a first end portion and a second end portion. One end of the support column is connected to a wall surface of the frame body. The first end portion of the cantilever is connected to the support column. The cantilever body and the second end portion extend outwardly and swing freely on the wall surface of the frame body. When the cantilever body and the second end portion are swinging, they are not in contact with any peripheral member and the frame structure.

Abstract: Easily detecting cavitation to occur in a pump. A detection apparatus, a detection method, and a program are provided. The detection apparatus includes: a discharge pressure acquiring unit to acquire discharge pressure data indicating discharge pressure of a pump; and a detector to detect occurrence of cavitation in the pump based on a fluctuation amount of a time waveform of the discharge pressure data during a target detection period. The detector may have: a fluctuation amount calculator to calculate the fluctuation amount of the discharge pressure data during the target detection period; and a determining unit to determine, in response to the calculated fluctuation amount becoming the reference fluctuation amount or more, that cavitation has occurred in the pump.

Abstract: An ejector is presented. The ejector includes a primary fluid inlet to receive a primary fluid. The ejector further includes a secondary fluid inlet to receive a secondary fluid. Furthermore, the ejector includes a nozzle fluidly coupled to the primary fluid inlet and the secondary fluid inlet. The nozzle includes a secondary pilot inlet to receive at least a portion of the secondary fluid from the secondary fluid inlet, and a nozzle outlet including a plurality of primary openings for discharging the primary fluid and a secondary opening for discharging the secondary fluid. A turbo-machine having the ejector is also presented.

Abstract: A method for controlling a valve spool that includes providing a control valve having a first end and a second end with a spool disposed therebetween, a hydraulic component, a controller, a first control circuit and a second control circuit, selectively controlling the pressure in the first end and the second end with the controller, identifying an active state, with the controller, and applying an active pressure to both the first end and the second end with the corresponding first control circuit and second control circuit during the active state, and identifying a first command, with the controller, and providing a command pressure to the first end through the first control circuit and a release pressure to the second end through the second control circuit during the first command. Wherein, the spool is moved within the control valve and the hydraulic component is engaged during the first command.

Abstract: A pressure resistant apparatus includes a cylindrical body portion, and a lid portion having an annular wall portion, end portions of the body portion and the wall portion being joined to each other to close an opening of the body portion by the lid portion, wherein an annular first groove portion is formed to extend in a peripheral direction on at least one of inner peripheral surfaces of the body portion and the wall portion, and an inner diameter of the first groove portion is larger than inner diameters of the body portion and the end portion of the wall portion.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for coordinating operation of valves are disclosed. In some examples, an apparatus includes a valve controller to receive a first signal from a first control system to change an operating state of a valve, the valve controller is to provide the first control system exclusive control of the valve. In some examples, the valve controller is to receive a second signal from a second control system requesting permission to operate the valve, and send a response to the second control system indicating the first control system has exclusive control of the valve and has changed an operating state of the valve.

Abstract: A system for detecting a connector failure associated with an agricultural apparatus is disclosed. The system comprises a first supply source that is configured to supply a quantity of air at a first pressure into the hydraulic fluid line arranged on the agricultural apparatus. A second supply source is configured to supply a quantity hydraulic fluid to the hydraulic fluid line at a second pressure that is less than the first pressure. A protection device is coupled to the hydraulic fluid line and is configured to inhibit flow of the hydraulic fluid supplied by the second supply source when a pressure differential across an inlet of the protection device exceeds a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: A damping device for a clutch actuating device is provided. The damping device includes a first cylinder that is connected to a master cylinder by a first hydraulic line and a second cylinder that is connected to an actuating cylinder by a second hydraulic line and is disposed at a position adjacent to the first cylinder in parallel. A first piston is disposed in the first cylinder and is moved forward and backward by a fluid pressure in the first cylinder. A second piston is disposed in the second cylinder and is moved forward and backward by a fluid pressure in the second cylinder. A pressure transmitting member is supported to perform a seesaw motion when both sides of the pressure transmitting member are in contact with a pressing portion of the first piston and a pressing portion of the second piston.

Abstract: Disclosed is a regulator for clutch operating mechanism. The regulator includes a main body, a supply flow path for fluid flow from a master cylinder to an operating cylinder, and a return flow for fluid flow from the operating cylinder to the master cylinder inside of the main body. The regulator further includes a first valve installed inside the main body and configured to close an exit of the return flow path and open the supply flow path when the fluid flows to the operating cylinder and a second valve installed inside the main body configured to close an exit of the supply flow path and to open the return flow path when the fluid flows to the master cylinder. The regulator further includes a damping apparatus having a damping space which communicates with the supply flow path of the main body and whose internal capacity changes according to hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method and resulting apparatus of applying a riblet sheet comprising a riblet film layer and a riblet liner layer on an airfoil surface. The method comprises applying the riblet film layer of the riblet sheet over the airfoil surface, peeling back at least a portion of the riblet liner layer from the riblet film layer to expose a portion of the riblet film layer, applying a attaching hardware or a non-textured surface film over at least a portion the riblet film layer portion; and applying the peeled back portion of the riblet liner layer over a portion of the attaching hardware.

Abstract: A system for joining together pieces of cardboard is well-suited for use by children as a toy, or for more useful purposes such as joining cardboard to make useful structures such as furniture. The system includes various fasteners, connectors and supports that can be used to join pieces of cardboard without the need for tools such as drills, screwdrivers, wrenches, hammers, or the like. The system permits great flexibility in joining cardboard together such that it might be used to create sculptures or whimsical structures of a user's imagination, recreational structures like play forts or play houses, or more useful items like furniture.

Abstract: A method of installing an insert in an aperture of a panel includes inserting a sleeve central portion into the aperture so that a sleeve flange opposes a first side of the panel. The sleeve central portion extends from the sleeve flange. The method further includes inserting a plug central portion into the aperture so that a plug flange opposes a second side of the panel. The plug central portion extends from the plug flange. The method also includes pressing at least one of the plug and sleeve into sliding engagement with the other until the plug and sleeve are installed. When installed, a distal end of the plug is received into a sleeve cavity and resilient beams defined by an extension of the sleeve central portion are elastically deflected by a wall of the plug central portion. The plug flange defines an aperture extending into a plug cavity.

Abstract: A tube locking device for a fire suppression system according to the present invention includes: a tube receiving module including opposite tube receiving parts facing each other, connection parts provided on sides of the tube receiving parts so as to connect the tube receiving parts, and rotation induction parts provided between the connection parts by protruding from the tube receiving parts; and a tube fastening module including a tunnel housing provided between the rotation induction parts, the tunnel housing being elastically fixed to the rotation induction parts while rotating relative to the rotation induction parts, a press part protruding from a first end part of the tunnel housing, and a handle part protruding from a second end part of the tunnel housing.

Abstract: In order to provide a spring device which is of simple construction and enables achieving high spring forces and long spring paths, it is proposed that the spring device comprises the following: a spring element which is able to be brought from an initial state into a deflected state by elastic deformation; an abutment element against which the spring element is able to abut for reaching a deflected state of the spring element, wherein at least one end of the spring element is moveable relative to the abutment element by elastic deformation of the spring element, wherein the spring element in the initial state thereof has an increasing distance from the abutment element in the direction of the end of the spring element which is moveable relative to the abutment element.

Abstract: A locking device (100) is operable to lock a tool (150) in an opening. The locking device includes a base (104) positionable with respect to a lifting member (152) of the tool when a first end of the lifting member is positioned within the opening. The locking device also includes a lift (106) coupled to the base for movement relative to the base. The lift includes an interface portion (110) coupleable to the lifting member such that the lifting member is moveable with the interface portion in an extraction direction of the opening when the lift is moved from a first position to a second position relative to the base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a plate nut assembly including a nut having a threaded hole; and a tab including a bifurcated portion and a fixed portion. A nut insertion hole is formed in a hollow member such that the diameter of the nut insertion hole is larger than the transverse width of the nut. By bending the tab, the nut can be located inside of the inner surface of the hollow member with the threaded hole opposed to the nut insertion hole. The transverse width of the bifurcated portion of the tab is larger than the transverse width of nut. When the nut is inserted through the nut insertion hole until the nut is located inside of the inner surface of the hollow member, the outer side edges of the bifurcated portion in its transverse width direction come into contact with the nut insertion hole.

Abstract: A method and system of affixing a plaque to a solid surface is provided. The method includes the steps of providing at least one opening in a face of the solid surface and inserting a plaque support into the at least one opening. The plaque support includes a body defining a passageway therethrough and having a first end and a second end. The first end has a flange portion. Further, at least one outer tab member extends radially outward toward the first end and at least one inner tab member extends radially inward toward the second end. The outer tab member engages the solid surface upon insertion of the plaque support into the at least one opening. The method and system further include providing the plaque with at least one installation fastener. The at least one installation fastener is inserted into the passageway of the plaque support, such that the at least one inner tab member engages the at least one installation fastener.

Abstract: A connection assembly is provided that includes a pin and a clip. The pin includes a head portion having two spaced flanges defining a slot therebetween, a tail portion defining a bulb, and a shaft extending between the head and tail portion. The clip includes a plurality of resilient fingers extending radially inward and a central cavity. The pin extends through the central cavity of the clip and the resilient fingers receives and rotationally engages with the bulb of the pin. In one form, the connection assembly connects a molded doghouse to an adjacent part.

Abstract: A locator guide extension connected to a locator on a host component by at least one retention barb or like feature. The locator guide extension effectively extends the length of the locator to assists an operator in the initial alignment of the host component part to the assembly. An operator locates apertures in the assembly with the locator guide extension prior to inserting attachment clips of the host component. Once initially aligned, the operator pushes the locator guide extension and locator into the aperture, where the locator provides the final fit/finish location. The attachment clip connects the host component to the final assembly.

Abstract: Two piece tack rivets and method of forming holes for permanent fasteners. The tack rivets have a stem with a head on one end and a grooved region adjacent the other end, and a locking collar for fitting over the grooved region of the stem for deforming into the grooved region of the stem on applying a setting force between the locking collar and the stem. The head includes cutouts formed therein. The cutouts prevent the head from forming large chips or strips when drilled.

Abstract: Fastener embodiments of the invention comprise a freely translatable collet body, which at least partially translates within an auxiliary structure, and further comprise a captive threaded screw for rotationally engaging with the collet body to transform rotational movement into translational movement through substantial arresting of collet body rotation by way of an anti-rotation means. The screw comprises a free-spin feature that functionally, but not physically, decouples a drive tool from the collet body.

Abstract: A snap ring assembly is provided. The snap ring assembly includes a base set. The base set includes a first base section and a second base section. The first base section is adapted to be disposed adjacent and substantially coplanar with respect to the second base section. The snap ring assembly also includes a retaining set. The retaining set includes a first retaining section and a second retaining section. The first retaining section is adapted to be disposed adjacent and substantially coplanar with respect to the second retaining section. Each of the first retaining section and the second retaining section is adapted to be removably coupled to each of the first base section and the second base section.

Abstract: A fastener may include an elongated shank, a head at a distal end of the shank, and a drill point at a terminal end of the shank, which is opposite to the distal end. The fastener may include a primary thread starting at the drill point and extending along the shank towards the head. The fastener may include a secondary thread starting at the drill point, extending along the shank towards the head, and stopping in an axial direction before the primary thread ends. The secondary thread may be radially located 180 degrees from the primary thread. The drill point may include a plurality of radially extending cutting edges and one or more relieved flute portion extending along the surface of the drill point.

Abstract: Threaded parts such as bolts are rust-proofed by using a treatment liquid including a binder resin containing silica and at least one of a modified epoxy resin obtained by graft polymerization using a carboxylic acid-containing acrylic polymer as a side chain and a modified acrylic resin obtained by graft polymerization using a carboxylic acid-containing acrylic polymer as a side chain. By using this treatment liquid, coating treatment can be carried out at one time without need to use an organic solvent. There is an advantage that the friction coefficient does not increase even when tightening is repeated.

Abstract: A disclosed tolerance compensator system reduces or avoids bending of components when the components are fastened to each other, thereby increasing the reliability of the components. The limited number of parts of the tolerance compensator system simplifies manufacturing and reduces costs. A disclosed method for fastening components together using the tolerance compensator system reduces or avoids bending of components, increases the reliability of the components, reduces fastening times, and simplifies fastening procedures.

Abstract: The invention relates to an attachment component (1) which comprises a body (2), the body (2) comprising attachment means intended for allowing the attachment component (1) to be assembled with a part including complementary attachment means, an insertion tip (6) arranged at one end of the body (2) so as to allow at least one portion of the body (2) to be inserted through a part made of composite material, an axial abutment (32) intended for halting the insertion of the body through the part made of composite material, and a breakable portion (8) inserted between the insertion tip (6) and said end of the body (2), the breakable portion (8) being configured to break when a predetermined force is applied to the insertion tip (6) with a view to detaching the insertion tip (6) from the body (2).

Abstract: A component fastening structure has a first component and a second component connected by a bolt and a nut. The first component includes a through hole through which a bolt is inserted, a seating face on which the bolt head is mounted near an upper end opening of the through hole, two rotation preventing wall portions which are formed near the seating face at both sides of the head to position the head between them, and lifting suppressing portions which are formed at positions apart above the seating face on the individual rotation preventing wall portions and protruded toward the head side. The interval between the two rotation preventing wall portions is smaller than the distance between the tip ends of two arm parts formed on the bolt head, and the seating face sides of the lifting suppressing portions are opposed to the upper surfaces of the arm parts.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a housing that includes an inner space, an inlet connected to the inner space, and a plurality of outlets connected to the inner space. The housing allows an inner cable of a Bowden cable to pass therethrough such that the inner cable passes through the inlet, the inner space, and any of the plurality of outlets. The apparatus also includes an inner hub rotatably mounted in the inner space of the housing. The inner hub is configured to receive and guide the inner cable passing through the housing such that the inner cable forms a curved path about the inner hub. The apparatus includes a socket configured to receive the Bowden cable. The socket can be coupled to the housing at a plurality of different positions to select any of the plurality outlets such that the inner cable of the Bowden cable passes through the selected outlet.

Abstract: Provided is a vibration reduction shaft including a cylindrical outer shaft having an inner hollow portion, in which the outer shaft includes: a first member (110) and a second member (120) which are disposed to be spaced apart from each other in a longitudinal direction of the shaft; and a vibration reduction region (150) which is disposed between the first member and the second member, and multiple connecting members (151), which connect the first member and the second member in an axial direction, are disposed to be spaced apart from one another within the vibration reduction region.

Abstract: A rotor unit including a rotating shaft extended in an axial direction along an axial line, a pair of bearings rotatably supporting the rotating shaft, and a pair of spacers arranged adjacent to each other between the pair of bearings and coaxially with the rotating shaft and formed in substantially cylindrical shapes to surround the rotating shaft. The pair of spacers include sloped faces inclined with respect to reference planes perpendicular to the axial line at one axial end, respectively, and the sloped faces is configured to abut to each other and be welded to each other in a state that a length between the other ends of the pair of spacers in the axial direction is extended by torque applied to the pair of spacers in opposite directions with each other around the axial line.

Abstract: A composite transmission shaft includes a shaft portion, and a flanged end fitting. The flanged end fitting comprises a flared sleeve comprising a tubular portion and a flared portion, and a reinforcement portion fixed to the flared portion of the sleeve. The flanged end fitting and shaft portion have been resin transfer moulded together to form the transmission shaft.