Abstract: A system includes two or more lifting devices attached to a structure each lifting device having a drum rotated by a motor to draw in or let out a line from the drum. The drum includes a groove formed in an outer surface thereof to accommodate the line. In certain embodiments, each of the lifting devices are quickly and easily detachable from the structure by way of a flange and mounting bracket. The flange and mounting bracket have holes which are coaxially aligned. A pin or other fastener is used to join the flange and mounting bracket together. Two or more lifting devices may be connected to and moved along a mounting bracket.

Abstract: A vehicle parking apparatus includes two front stanchions and two rear stanchions all mounted on a base frame; a top support interconnecting the front stanchions and the rear stanchions; a platform having a rear end moveably secured to the rear stanchions, and two sides moveably secured to the front stanchions; and two elevating assemblies, each including a first pulley on an upper portion of one rear stanchion, a second pulley fixedly disposed on either side of the top support, a third pulley on either side of the platform, a fourth pulley fixedly disposed on a bottom of one rear stanchion, the fourth pulley being driven by a motor, and a rope having one end secured to the base frame, and the other end secured to the top support, the rope sequentially passing through the first pulley, the fourth pulley, the second pulley, and the third pulley.

Abstract: A heavy duty hydraulic positioner has headstock and tailstock carriages to support large and heavy work pieces to be processed in a manufacturing operation, such as robotic welding. Each carriage is independently movable along a column, and has a hard stop associated with each pre-program workpiece position, thereby providing accurate repeatability. Repeatability is further enhanced by linear, noncontact absolute encoders for the elevation axes of the headstock and tailstock, and rotary, noncontact absolute encoders for the rotary axes of the headstock and tailstock.

Abstract: Apparatuses, components and methods are provided herein useful to provide assistance to customers and/or workers in a shopping facility. In some embodiments, a shopping facility personal assistance system comprises: a plurality of motorized transport units located in and configured to move through a shopping facility space; a plurality of user interface units, each corresponding to a respective motorized transport unit during use of the respective motorized transport unit; and a central computer system having a network interface such that the central computer system wirelessly communicates with one or both of the plurality of motorized transport units and the plurality of user interface units, wherein the central computer system is configured to control movement of the plurality of motorized transport units through the shopping facility space based at least on inputs from the plurality of user interface units.

Abstract: A lifting assembly for lifting a load including a frame and a rotation member. The frame includes a central portion interconnecting two spaced apart lifting portions and a suspension space defined below the central portion and between the lifting portions. The central portion includes an aperture. Each lifting portion is configured to engage a lifting device, such as a fork lift. The rotation member is disposed above the aperture of the central portion. The rotation member is a ball joint including a ball member that rotates and pivots within a rotation cavity. A fastener member attaches to the ball member and is suspended through the aperture of the frame's central portion. The fastener member is attached to a load to lift and suspend the load within or below the suspension space while allowing rotation and pivoting of the load relative to the frame.

Abstract: This invention relates to providing a system for improved wear protection for the lift plates of industrial lift trucks. More particularly this invention relates to providing a system for providing increased wear protection on replaceable lift-blade attachments for industrial forklifts and similar load-lifting trucks.

Abstract: An ammunition replica bottle opener comprising: a generally solid brass portion; a generally solid copper portion attached to the brass portion; a cut machined into the solid brass portion configured to remove caps from bottles. A method of manufacturing an ammunition replica bottle opening, the method comprising: supplying a solid billet brass bar; machining the solid billet brass bar a cartridge with desired dimensions and with a threaded end; machining a bottle cap cut into the cartridge; supplying a solid billet copper bar; machining the solid billet copper bar to the desired dimensions to form a bullet; machining a threaded hole into one end of the bullet; attaching the bullet to the cartridge via the threaded end and threaded hole.

Abstract: A container tapping device for use with a container containing liquid contents. The device comprises a proximal end portion, a middle portion, a distal portion and a distal end portion. The proximal portion comprises a proximal surface, a distal surface, and a central bore capable of being in fluid communication with the liquid contents of the container. The middle portion comprises a locking chamber and one or more middle portion orifices, the orifice(s) capable of being in fluid communication with the central bore as well as the liquid contents of the container when the device is engaged with the container. The distal portion comprises a recess in one or more of the faces of the distal portion. The distal end portion comprises a point portion formed by an apex area of the distal portion, the point portion capable of puncturing the container and protruding therein.

Abstract: A beverage dispensing device including a base having a support plate is disclosed. The device has a peripheral wall jutting out of the bottom of the support plate and extending along the perimeter of the support plate defining with the bottom surface an inner volume of the base. A source of pressurized gas is lodged in the inner volume of the base, with a device for connecting the source of pressurized gas to the interior of a beverage container outside the inner volume of the base. An elongated tapping column extends normal to the top surface of the base, having an elongated inner channel bringing in fluid communication the inner volume with a tapping valve head located at the opposite top, outlet end of the tapping column. The height of the peripheral wall allows the beverage dispensing device to dispense beverages when standing on the top surface of a counter.

Abstract: The present application provides an ingredient mixing module for mixing a number of ingredients. The mixing module may include a mixing chamber, a number of entry ports positioned about the mixing chamber, a mixer positioned within the mixing chamber, a brushless motor positioned about the mixing chamber so as to drive the mixer, and a nozzle downstream of the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a refrigerator and a control method thereof. The refrigerator includes a purified water tank to store water, a flow sensor to detect an amount of water supplied to the purified water tank, a purified water supply valve to open/close a purified water supply flow path to guide water stored in the purified water tank to the carbonated water tank, a carbonated water discharge valve to open/close a carbonated water discharge flow path to guide the carbonated water to the outside of the refrigerator, and a controller to detect a position where water leakage occurs by sequentially opening the purified water supply valve and the carbonated water discharge valve in a water leakage mode.

Abstract: A package including a fitment for dispensing a liquid from a flexible bag is disclosed. The fitment is secured to the bag and includes a compressible bulb and a piercing member that are coupled together. In two embodiments the fitment is configured so that the piercing member pierces through a wall of the bag to dispense the bag's contents through an outlet port of the fitment. One of those embodiments includes a separate valve to open and close the outlet port. Another embodiment does not include a separate valve to open and close the outlet port. A third embodiment makes use of a fitment connected to a filling gland of the bag and which is in communication with the interior of the bag. That third embodiment includes a frangible seal forming part of the fitment and which is pierced by the piercing member to dispense the liquid from the bag.

Abstract: Devices, systems and methods of transferring liquids or mixtures/slurries of liquids and solids between vessels having challenging and difficult configurations and locations, and over long and short distances in a continuous or near continuous discharge for storage or transport using a combination of vacuum and pressurized fluids.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a liquid injecting container for storing liquid and injecting the liquid into a refillable device. The liquid injecting container includes a hollow housing, a sealing component, and a rotating body. The housing has an open end configured for connecting the refillable device. The sealing component and the rotating body are arranged in the open end. The rotating body is rotatable relative to the sealing component, the sealing component defines at least one liquid outlet, the rotating body is capable of rotating driven by the refillable device between a first position where the rotating body seals the at least one liquid outlet, and a second position where the at least one liquid outlet is opened, such that the liquid in the liquid injecting container can flow into the refillable device.

Abstract: A fluid container having a body, a handle arranged in a top section of the body, a flow trigger in the handle, and a safety trigger that interacts with the flow trigger and prevents activation of the flow trigger. A vent assembly is arranged in the body and is configured to b activated by the safety trigger to vent the body. A spout assembly is movably coupled to the body and rotates between a use position and a storage position. A first valve opens as the spout assembly is moved from the storage position to the use position and a second valve is arranged upstream of the first valve to control fluid flow into the spout assembly. A linkage mechanism is arranged between th flow trigger and the second valve and configured to open the second valve when the flow trigger is activated and the safety trigger is released.

Abstract: A system includes a valve (14) configured to operate a filling of a tank (11); and blocking device (15) that blocks access to the valve (14). The blocking device (15) is operated between a closing and an opening position by an actuator (20) governed by a wireless terminal (12). The wireless terminal (12) includes a transceiver (65) for sending a charging signal (WD) that includes a data signal portion (D) and a supply portion (W) carrying energy via electromagnetic induction, in particular a WPC (Wireless Power Consortium) signal. The blocking device (15) is configured for receiving electrical energy from the supply portion (W) to operate the actuator (20). The blocking device (15) also includes a control module (70) enabling operation of the actuator (20) according to the data signal portion (D) exchanged with a corresponding control module (60) of the wireless terminal (12).

Abstract: A system of multiple non-manifolded fuel tanks on a trailer and preferred embodiments which allow for improved access to the contents of each fuel tank and ability to transport multiple fuel types in a single system.

Abstract: A saddle includes a tree having a rider-facing side and a horse-facing side, a seat cover adapted for detachable installation on the rider-facing side of the tree and an insert adapted for installation between the tree and the seat cover. Conveniently, the insert may adapt the saddle for riders of distinct size and shape and accommodate for physical differences between male and female riders. Furthermore, a connection panel secured to the horse-facing side of the tree may allow for releasably secured panel padding elements that customize the horse-facing side of the tree to a particular horse. Adjustable stirrup bars provide even further flexibility of customization.

Abstract: A device for removing a set of springs from a mattress box spring including a mattress box spring support, a pushing block support frame secured to the mattress box spring support, a pushing block supported by the pushing block support frame adjacent to the mattress box spring support, a cylinder for extending the pushing block over a mattress box spring positioned on the mattress box spring support belt, wherein the cylinder is operable to extend the pushing block transversely over the mattress box spring to separate springs attached to a frame of the mattress box spring from the frame, and wherein a plurality of forks extend in front of the pushing block transversely to the mattress box spring support for helping to prevent the springs from folding underneath a bottom of the pushing block when the pushing block is extended over the mattress box spring to separate the springs from the frame.

Abstract: A magnetic energy harvesting and scavenging circuit includes a first substrate having a first surface and a second surface. An energy harvesting and scavenging coil is formed proximate the first surface. An electromechanical systems device, which may be a MEMS device, includes a moveable mass that extends over the first surface of the first substrate and may be displaced relative to the substrate in three dimensions responsive to an external force applied to the moveable mass. The movable mass includes at least one permanent magnet that is magnetically coupled to the energy harvesting and scavenging coil. Energy harvesting and scavenging circuitry, which may be formed in the first substrate where the first substrate is a semiconductor chip, is electrically coupled to the energy harvesting and scavenging coil and generates electrical energy due to magnetic flux variation through the energy harvesting and scavenging coil responsive to movement of the moveable mass.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fields of physics, material sciences and micro and nano electronics, and concerns a method for producing a rolled-up electrical or electronic component, as can be used for example as a capacitor, or in aerials. The object of the present invention is to provide a low-cost, environmentally friendly and time-saving method for producing a rolled-up electrical or electronic component with many windings. The object is achieved by a method for producing a rolled-up component in which at least two functional and insulating layers, alternately arranged fully or partially over one another, are applied to a substrate with a sacrificial layer, wherein at least the functional or insulating layer that is arranged directly on the sacrificial layer has a perforation, at least on the two sides that are arranged substantially parallel to the rolling direction.

Abstract: In an electronic component with a component housing and an integrated circuit with sensor function which is accommodated in a plastic electronic housing, wherein the component housing has a cutaway in the region of the circuit with sensor function so that the integrated circuit can perform its function as a sensor through the cutaways, the component housing lies flush with the edge of the cutaway on the electronic housing and is joined in sealing manner with an adhesive bond to the electronic housing. The component housing has an approximately vertical section on the edge of the cutaways, which section extends along the side of the electronic housing. A horizontal section is also present and projects horizontally over the electronic housing.

Abstract: A nanoelectronic system comprised of n microelectromechanical or nanoelectromechanical devices arranged on a connection support to electrically connect the n devices, each device with an interaction area, at least one mechanical anchor and a first terminal, a second terminal and a third terminal, the relative arrangement of the first, second and third terminals, the anchor area and the interaction area being identical or similar for the n sensors, the first terminal of each device being intended to recover a signal emitted by each representative device of the interaction area state. At least part of the devices are arranged in such a way that the geometric location of the first terminal of one of the adjacent devices is identical to the geometric location of the first terminal of said other adjacent device, the first terminals being coincident.

Abstract: A monolithically integrated multi-sensor (MIMS) is disclosed. A MIMs integrated circuit comprises a plurality of sensors. For example, the integrated circuit can comprise three or more sensors where each sensor measures a different parameter. The three or more sensors can share one or more layers to form each sensor structure. In one embodiment, the three or more sensors can comprise MEMs sensor structures. Examples of the sensors that can be formed on a MIMs integrated circuit are an inertial sensor, a pressure sensor, a tactile sensor, a humidity sensor, a temperature sensor, a microphone, a force sensor, a load sensor, a magnetic sensor, a flow sensor, a light sensor, an electric field sensor, an electrical impedance sensor, a galvanic skin response sensor, a chemical sensor, a gas sensor, a liquid sensor, a solids sensor, and a biological sensor.

Abstract: A method for encapsulation of microelectronic components includes making a portion of sacrificial material on a front face of a first substrate in which the component is to be made. The method then includes making a cover encapsulating the portion of sacrificial material, and making the component by etching the first substrate from its back face. The etching is such that part of the component faces the portion of the sacrificial material, and such that the portion of sacrificial material is accessible from a back face of the component. The method then includes eliminating the portion of the sacrificial material by etching from the back face of the component, and securing the back face of the component to a second substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor structure includes a first substrate including a cavity extended into the first substrate, a device disposed within the cavity, a first dielectric layer disposed over the first substrate and a first conductive structure surrounded by the first dielectric layer, and a second substrate including a second dielectric layer disposed over the second substrate and a second conductive structure surrounded by the second dielectric layer, wherein the first conductive structure is bonded with the second conductive structure and the first dielectric layer is bonded with the second dielectric layer to seal the cavity.

Abstract: Aspects include a method of manufacturing a flexible electronic structure that includes a metal or doped silicon substrate. Aspects include depositing an adhesive layer on the top side of the structure. Aspects also include depositing a release layer and a glass layer on the top side of the structure. Aspects also include reducing a thickness of the silicon substrate on the bottom side of the structure.

Abstract: An electromechanical device may include a first substrate, a second substrate, a connector, and a protector. The connector may be formed of a first dielectric material and may be positioned between the first substrate and the second substrate. A first side of the connector may directly contact the first substrate. The protector may be formed of a second dielectric material and may directly contact a second side of the connector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for producing compressed hydrogen, comprising a pressure-resistant reactor (1) with a reactor chamber having a metal-containing contact mass (2), wherein the reactor (1) comprises at least one feed line (3) for feeding fluids into the reactor chamber and at least one discharge line (4) for discharging fluids from the reactor chamber, wherein the at least one discharge line is provided with a device (5a, 5b, 5c, 5d) for controlling or regulating the flow rate, preferably having a valve, for adjusting the pressure within the reactor chamber, wherein a conveyance means is provided on at least one feed line for introducing a water-containing medium into the reactor chamber and wherein at least one discharge line (4) protrudes into the reactor chamber or opens directly into the reactor chamber, through which the compressed hydrogen is discharged from the reactor chamber, wherein the reactor chamber exhibits at least two areas that are separate from each other and connected

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of carrying out methane steam reforming using a nickel/alumina nanocomposite catalyst wherein nickel metal nanoparticles are uniformly loaded in a high amount on a support via a melt infiltration method with an excellent methane conversion even under a relatively severe reaction condition of a high gas hourly space velocity or low steam supply, and to a catalyst for this method. In addition, the present invention prepares a nickel/silica-alumina hybrid nanocatalyst by mixing the catalyst prepared by the melt infiltration method as the first catalyst and the nickel silica yolk-shell catalyst as the second catalyst, and applies it to the steam reforming of methane to provide a still more excellent catalytic activity even under the higher temperature of 700° C. or more with the excellent methane conversion.

Abstract: A system and method for processing unconditioned syngas first removes solids and semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC), then removes volatile organic compounds (VOC), and then removes at least one sulfur containing compound from the syngas. Additional processing may be performed depending on such factors as the source of syngas being processed, the products, byproducts and intermediate products desired to be formed, captured or recycled and environmental considerations.

Abstract: A method of preparing aqueous hydrogen fluoride is provided. The method includes providing a composition including a cross-linked polymer with absorbed hydrogen fluoride. The cross-linked copolymer includes acrylamide units and acrylic acid salt units. The method further includes contacting the composition with water to release at least a portion of the hydrogen fluoride from the composition to the water to form the aqueous hydrogen fluoride.

Abstract: A method for producing complexed particles including obtaining a good solvent solution, by dissolving Li2S, and LiX (X is at least one selected from a group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I) in a good solvent, and precipitating particles by contacting the good solvent solution with a poor solvent having a temperature at least 165° C. higher than the boiling point of the good solvent, to evaporate off the good solvent. The method further satisfies at least one of the following: (i) the good solvent solution being obtained by further dissolving H2S in the good solvent, and (ii) H2S being dissolved in the poor solvent.

Abstract: A method of reducing carbon and/or hydrogen atom content ratio relative to contents of silicon atoms and nitrogen atoms in a silicon nitride film formed by a plasma CVD method using an organic silane as a material, and improving film quality such as electrical properties. A silicon nitride film is formed with the organic silane and at least one additive gas selected from a group consisting of hydrogen and ammonia by a plasma CVD method. The silicon nitride film has a carbon atom content ratio of less than 0.8 assuming that a sum of a silicon atom content and a nitrogen atom content in the silicon nitride film is 1. The silicon nitride film has improved properties such as reduced leakage current.

Abstract: A process for preparing nitric acid may involve vaporizing ammonia in at least one first ammonia vaporizer to produce an ammonia gas, oxidizing this ammonia gas to nitrogen dioxide in a plant section of a nitric acid plant, and absorbing the nitrogen dioxide in water to produce nitric acid. A residual gas containing nitrous gases may be taken off from the plant section of the nitric acid plant and conveyed to a residual-gas cleaning apparatus. The residual gas containing nitrous gases may be reduced by means of ammonia in the residual-gas cleaning apparatus, wherein ammonia-containing wastewater obtained in the at least one first ammonia vaporizer may be conveyed to the residual-gas cleaning apparatus. Such a process may eliminate or at least substantially reduce ammonia-containing wastewater. Furthermore, a plant can be used in this process for preparing nitric acid.

Abstract: The present application provides a negative thermal expansion material having excellent dispersibility and packing properties in a positive thermal expansion material. The negative thermal expansion material of the present invention comprises spherical zirconium tungsten phosphate having a BET specific surface area, of 2 m2/g or smaller. The degree of sphericity is preferably 0.90 or more and 1 or less. Also preferably, the negative thermal expansion material further contains at least Mg and/or V as a subcomponent element. Also preferably, the content of the subcomponent element is 0.1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less. Also preferably, the average particle size is 1 ?m or larger and 50 ?m smaller.

Abstract: A sheet manufacturing device includes: a feeder configured to feed a sheet; and a transferring unit configured to transfer carbon nanotubes with a predetermined length onto the sheet, the transferring unit including: a drawing unit configured to draw the carbon nanotubes from a grown form of the carbon nanotubes in a direction intersecting with a feeding direction of the sheet; and a cutter configured to cut the drawn carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Process for production of silica having variable thickening wherein a) a product stream I comprising at least a vaporous, hydrolysable and/or oxidizable silicon compound, b) a product stream II comprising oxygen and c) a product stream III comprising at least a combustible gas are made to react, characterized in that d) a feed port in a pipepiece A, said pipepiece A comprising one or more static mixing elements, is used to import product stream I into product stream II, or vice versa and thereby create product stream IV, then e) a feed port in a pipepiece B, said pipepiece B comprising one or more static mixing elements, is used to import product stream III in product stream IV and thereby create product stream V, f) product stream V leaving pipepiece B is imported into a reaction chamber, ignited therein and reacted in a flame, and g) the resultant solid material is separated off.

Abstract: A new family of crystalline microporous metallophosphates designated AlPO-92 has been synthesized. These metallophosphates are represented by the empirical formula Cc+Aa+Mm2+EPxSiyOz where M is a divalent framework metal such as magnesium, C is a cyclic organoammonium cation, A is an acyclic organoammonium cation, and E is a trivalent framework element such as aluminum or gallium. The AlPO-92 compositions are characterized by a new unique ABC-6 net structure, and have catalytic properties suitable for carrying out various hydrocarbon conversion processes, as well as characteristics suitable for the efficient adsorption of water vapor in a variety of applications, such as adsorption heat pumps.

Abstract: A method for producing metal chloride Mx+Clx? includes reacting metal carbonate in solid form using phosgene, diphosgene and/or triphosgene to form metal chloride Mx+Clx?, wherein the metal M is selected from the group containing alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, Al and Zn, Li and Mg, or Li, for example, and x corresponds to the valency of the metal cations. An apparatus for performing such method is also disclosed.

Abstract: An yttrium oxyfluoride is represented by YOF and is stabilized by a fluoride represented by CaF2. Preferably, the number of moles of Ca with respect to 100 mol of yttrium is from 8 to 40 mol. A powder material is made of a first powder mixture including a calcium fluoride powder represented by CaF2 and an yttrium oxyfluoride powder represented by YOF, or a second powder mixture including a calcium fluoride powder represented by CaF2, an yttrium fluoride powder represented by YF3, and an yttrium oxide powder represented by Y2O3. A production method involves firing a molded product of the first or second powder mixture under predetermined conditions.

Abstract: A disorder rock salt composition for use as a cathode active material. The stoichiometry of the lithium, niobium, oxygen, and transition metal components of the disordered rock salt is varied to improved performance in an electrochemical cell while substantially maintaining the disordered rock salt crystallographic structure.

Abstract: A water treatment method includes: introducing an aqueous solution containing impurities into a first tank; irradiating, from a light source, photocatalytic particles with ultraviolet light, to turn the aqueous solution introduced into the first tank into primary post-treatment water with which the impurities have been treated; reducing pressure in a first chamber by a filtering pump to filter the primary post-treatment water with a filtering membrane, the filtering separating the primary post-treatment water into the photocatalytic particles stopped at the filtering membrane and secondary post-treatment water that passes through the filtering membrane and does not contain the photocatalytic particles; measuring concentration of photocatalytic particles in the first tank; measuring the difference in pressure between the first chamber and the second chamber; and when the concentration of the photocatalytic particles is equal to or smaller than the first threshold value and the difference in pressure between th

Abstract: A method for treating a urea aqueous solution includes a first stripping step of steam stripping an aqueous solution containing urea, ammonia and carbon dioxide at 0.2 to 0.6 MPaA in a first stripper to separate ammonia and carbon dioxide from this aqueous solution into a gas phase; a hydrolysis step of hydrolyzing urea in the solution obtained from the first stripping step at an LHSV of 10 to 20 h?1, at 1.1 to 3.1 MPaA and 180 to 230° C. in a catalytic hydrolyzer; and a second stripping step of steam stripping a liquid obtained in the hydrolysis step in a second stripper to separate ammonia and carbon dioxide from this liquid into a gas phase. The residual urea concentration can be reduced to 1 ppm or lower; the residual ammonia concentration can be decreased; LHSV can be increased; and an increase in apparatus size is minimized.

Abstract: The desalination system with mineral recovery is a system for desalinating water using spray drying, which allows for both the production of purified water and the recovery of mineral salts. The desalination system with mineral recovery is a two-stage system for zero-liquid discharge (ZLD) desalination of feed water. The feed water may be, for example, seawater, reverse osmosis (RO) brine (i.e., the waste brine from a RO process), nano-filtration (NF) reject, multistage flash (MSF) brine, or the like. The first stage receives the feed water and uses a spray drying process to produce concentrated brine and a first volume of purified water. The concentrated brine is fed to the second stage, which also uses a spray drying process to produce a second volume of purified water and a volume of recovered mineral salts.

Abstract: A grease recovery device 1 having a container 2 with walls 3 and a lid. The grease recovery device 1 further having a drum 5 for lifting fats, oils, grease and/or solids (FOGS) rotatably mounted on the container 2 and a wiper blade assembly 6. The wiper blade assembly 6 being in operable engagement with the drum 5. A wall 3 of the container 2 has an arrangement 7 for releasably housing the wiper blade assembly 6 in an operational position in the container 2. The releasable housing arrangement 7 comprising an opening 8 for slidably receiving the wiper blade assembly 6 and a support arrangement 9 disposed at or about the opening 8 so as to allow the wiper blade assembly 6 to be inserted into and removed from the grease recovery device 1 without removing the lid or opening any cover of the container 2.

Abstract: Separation processes using osmotically driven membrane systems are disclosed generally involving the extraction of solvent from a first solution to concentrate solute by using a second concentrated solution to draw the solvent from the first solution across a semi-permeable membrane. Enhanced efficiency may result from using low grade waste heat from industrial or commercial sources. Pre-treatment and post-treatment may also enhance the osmotically driven membrane processes.

Abstract: To remove a contaminant from a liquid, a pulsed electrical arc discharge is effected between two electrodes immersed in the liquid, thereby creating a plurality of particles within the liquid. One or both of the electrodes is metallic, for example iron or titanium. Before the pulsed electrical arc discharge is terminated, another step that promotes destruction of the contaminant by particles, such as removing the particles from the liquid or adding an oxidizer to the liquid, is performed. In the case of the extra step being adding an oxidizer to the liquid, preferably the termination of the pulsed electrical arc discharge is followed by allowing the liquid and the particles therein to age.

Abstract: A circulating moving bed biofilm method for biological purification of waste water in a continuous process includes receiving a pretreated waste water inlet stream in an anaerobic zone of a reactor wherein micro-organism culture exist on free flowing biofilm carriers, letting the waste water stream with the biofilm carriers into an aerobic zone aerating the waste water stream and carriers received from the anaerobic zone, at an end of the aerobic zone, transferring the biofilm carriers to the anaerobic zone without transfer of water, and discharging the water through an outlet to a sludge separation process.

Abstract: Compositions and methods and systems for treating wastewater within a wastewater treatment system of described. In an embodiment, a composition for treating wastewater within a wastewater treatment system and for preventing or reducing the occurrence of struvite scale formation within the wastewater treatment system may include an admixture including a magnesium compound. The admixture may also include a dispersing agent. The admixture may further include at least one of a free magnesium control agent and a seed material. Other compositions and methods are described.