Abstract: A semiconductor device and a method of manufacturing the same are provided such that a microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) element is protected at an early manufacturing stage. A method for protecting a MEMS element includes: providing at least one MEMS element, having a sensitive area, on a substrate; and depositing, prior to a package assembly process, a protective material over the sensitive area of the at least one MEMS element such that the sensitive area of at least one MEMS element is sealed from an external environment, where the protective material permits a sensor functionality of the at least one MEMS element.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS) package and a method of achieving differential pressure adjustment in multiple MEMS cavities at a wafer-to-wafer bonding level. A device substrate comprising first and second MEMS devices is bonded to a capping substrate comprising first and second recessed regions. A ventilation trench is laterally spaced apart from the recessed regions and within the second cavity. A sealing structure is arranged within the ventilation trench and defines a vent in fluid communication with the second cavity. A cap is arranged within the vent to seal the second cavity at a second gas pressure that is different than a first gas pressure of the first cavity.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a micromechanical sensor, including the steps: providing a MEMS wafer that includes a MEMS substrate, a defined number of etching trenches being formed in the MEMS substrate in a diaphragm area, the diaphragm area being formed in a first silicon layer that is situated at a defined distance from the MEMS substrate; providing a cap wafer; bonding the MEMS wafer to the cap wafer; and forming a media access point to the diaphragm area by grinding the MEMS substrate.

Abstract: Provided is a hydrogen water generator that is capable of preventing an increase in pH so as to prevent alkalinization of water while generating water containing plenty of hydrogen gas. A hydrogen water generator includes a container having water and magnesium particles, capable of reacting with the water to generate hydrogen gas, encapsulated therein, wherein the container is made of an air-permeable and water-impermeable material, which allows the hydrogen gas to pass from the inside to the outside of the container and prevents the water from passing from the inside to the outside of the container. At least one kind of thermoplastic resin selected from a group consisting of polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl chloride, and polyacrylonitrile may be used as the air-permeable and water-impermeable material.

Abstract: A composition and method for chlorine dioxide production through reaction-diffusion chemistry that facilitates the in situ generation of chlorine dioxide, wherein a dry solid composition of hydroxymethanesulfinic acid monosodium salt dihydrate (abbreviated HMS) and a chlorine dioxide precursor are activated via the addition or absorption of water to produce chlorine dioxide. The dry solid chemical composition comprises dry, safe, transportable reagents that integrate with polymeric materials such as packaging and superabsorbent and stimuli-responsive hydrogel polymers to combine with water to produce chlorine dioxide.

Abstract: Discrete, individualized carbon nanotubes having targeted, or selective, oxidation levels and/or content on the interior and exterior of the tube walls are claimed. Such carbon nanotubes can have little to no inner tube surface oxidation, or differing amounts and/or types of oxidation between the tubes' inner and outer surfaces. These new discrete carbon nanotubes are useful in plasticizers, which can then be used as an additive in compounding and formulation of elastomeric, thermoplastic and thermoset composite for improvement of mechanical, electrical and thermal properties.

Abstract: Provided are nanocrystalline graphene and a method of forming the nanocrystalline graphene through a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition process. The nanocrystalline graphene may have a ratio of carbon having an sp2 bonding structure to total carbon within the range of about 50% to 99%. In addition, the nanocrystalline graphene may include crystals having a size of about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm.

Abstract: A process for preparing a graphene nanomaterial product, the process comprising: cavitating a liquid medium comprising a diaromatic hydrocarbon component to synthesise from the diaromatic hydrocarbon component a dispersion of graphene nanomaterial in the liquid medium; and obtaining a graphene nanomaterial product from the dispersion.

Abstract: Methods of preparing dispersions of carbon-based materials are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a method comprises exposing the carbon-based material to an atmosphere comprising between about 0.5% v/v and about 5.0% v/v of oxygen for a selected time at an oxidation temperature to obtain a thermally oxidized material; and dispersing the thermally oxidized material in a liquid medium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a pre-treatment coating composition for a metal substrate, the method comprising the steps of: i. mining graphite ore from a graphite ore body; ii. subjecting the graphite ore to an electrolytic treatment to obtain an expanded graphitic material; iii. subjecting the expanded graphitic material to an exfoliation treatment to obtain single-layer graphene and few-layer graphene, and iv. functionalising the graphene with a coupling agent for coupling graphene to the metal substrate.

Abstract: A process for production of silica having variable thickening wherein a) a product stream I containing at least a vaporous, hydrolysable and/or oxidizable silicon compound, b) a product stream II containing oxygen and c) a product stream III containing at least a combustible gas are made to react, where d) a feed port in a pipepiece A, the pipepiece A containing one or more static mixing elements, is used to import product stream I into product stream II, or vice versa and thereby create product stream IV, then e) a feed port in a pipepiece B, the pipepiece B containing one or more static mixing elements, is used to import product stream III in product stream IV and thereby create product stream V, f) product stream V leaving pipepiece B is imported into a reaction chamber, ignited therein and reacted in a flame, and g) the resultant solid material is separated off.

Abstract: To provide a composition in which when the composition is formed into a solution, the clogging of a filter is less likely to be caused, and the solution can be filtered in a short time. A composition comprising: lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide; and an impurity, wherein when the composition is dissolved in a mixed solvent obtained by mixing ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate at a volume ratio of 3:7, to prepare a solution having a concentration of the lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide of 1 M, and 50 mL of the solution is pressure-filtered at a pressure of 0.1 MPa using a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 0.2 ?m and a filtration area of 47 mm?, insoluble particles having an average particle diameter of 5 to 150 ?m remain on the membrane filter.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for preparing lithium carbonate from lithium iron phosphate battery scraps and lithium carbonate thereof, and relates to a method for preparing lithium carbonate from lithium iron phosphate battery scraps and a lithium carbonate product thereof. The method specifically includes the following steps; performing oxidative acidolysis on a lithium iron phosphate material, thickening lithium solution, adding alkali to remove iron, and precipitating lithium carbonate, thereby obtaining a filter cake which is a lithium carbonate product. Lithium may be directly extracted by utilizing the lithium iron phosphate battery scraps. A technical problem in the prior art that lithium iron phosphate battery wastes cannot be effectively decomposed and recycled is solved. The method has the characteristics of simple process, high, lithium yield, and low production cost.

Abstract: Titanium-containing film forming compositions comprising titanium halide-containing precursors are disclosed. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing and using the disclosed precursors to deposit Titanium-containing films on one or more substrates via vapor deposition processes.

Abstract: Proposed are a metal-substituted titanium oxide which has a composition other than conventional Ti3O5 while having a property of being able to undergo phase transition from a crystal structure in a paramagnetic metal state to a crystal structure of a nonmagnetic semiconductor upon application of pressure or light and which can also be used in fields other than conventional technical fields, and a method for producing a metal-substituted titanium oxide sintered body.

Abstract: Titanium oxide particles of the present invention include octahedral-shaped particles, in which each particle of the octahedral-shaped particles has line segments each of which connects two apexes which face each other and has a maximum value of the line segments, an average value of the maximum values is 300 nm or more and 1,000 nm or less, and a value (the average value of the maximum values/BET-converted average particle diameter) obtained by dividing the average value of the maximum values of the line segments by an average particle diameter converted from a BET specific surface area is 1.0 or more and 2.5 or less.

Abstract: There is provided a near-infrared absorbing fine particle dispersion liquid containing near-infrared absorbing fine particles, thereby as well as exhibiting near-infrared light absorption properties and suppressing a scorching sensation on the skin when used in structures such as window materials and the like, also enabling usage of communication devices, imaging devices, sensors and the like that employ near-infrared light through these structures, a near-infrared absorbing film or a near-infrared absorbing glass, a dispersion body or a laminated transparent substrate, the dispersion liquid containing at least composite tungsten oxide fine particles and antimony doped tin oxide fine particles and/or tin doped indium oxide fine particles as near-infrared absorbing fine particles, wherein in the composite tungsten oxide fine particles, an average value of a transmittance in a wavelength range of 800 to 900 nm is 30% or more and 60% or less, and an average value of a transmittance in a wavelength range of 1200

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide ferrite particles having a high saturation magnetisation, and being excellent in the dispersibility in a resin, a solvent or a resin composition, a resin composition including the ferrite particles, and a resin film composed of the resin composition. The ferrite particles are a single crystalline body having an average particle size of 1 to 2000 nm, and Mn-based ferrite particles having a spherical shape, and have a saturation magnetisation of 45 to 95 Am2/kg. The resin composition includes the ferrite particles as a filler. The resin film is composed of the resin composition.

Abstract: A fluid treatment tank for an aeration filter has an air blocker separating a chamber in fluid communication with a control valve of the filter from a pocket of air above the liquid in the tank and the control valve. The air blocker contains a volume of liquid that acts as a trap that prevents or at least inhibits air in the pocket from backing up into the chamber. Contact between the control valve and air is dramatically reduced. The air blocker may comprise a baffle that directs any air flowing through the air blocker downwardly and then back upwardly before the air can escape the air blocker.

Abstract: A system may include a catch tray coupled with a flow distributor. A mesh screen and carriage may be positioned within the catch tray. A drive bar may be coupled with the carriage and a pitman arm. A gear box may be coupled with a motor and the pitman arm. A process may include distributing contaminated fluid onto the mesh screen. A screen plane of the mesh screen may be at a screen angle that is oblique relative to the direction of the force of gravity. The screen plane is defined by a top surface of the mesh screen. The process may include moving the carriage in a reciprocating linear motion by rotating the pitman arm, and spraying a liquid onto the mesh screen. Liquid may flow through the mesh screen forming clarified liquid, and contaminate may move along the top of the mesh screen to a contaminate outlet.

Abstract: Some embodiments may include a device for separating product water which is obtained by condensation from raw water comprising a mixture of water and impurities comprising: a gas process circuit for a process gas, including an evaporator for the raw water and a condenser for the product water connected in series; and a product water process circuit including the condenser and a first heat exchanger for cooling the product water connected in series. The evaporator comprises an inlet for the raw water and an outlet for a concentrate which as compared to the raw water has a higher concentration of impurities to be separated. The condenser comprises an inlet for the product water in a top of the condenser and the outlet for the product water in a bottom of the condenser. The process gas flows from the bottom of the condenser to the top of the condenser.

Abstract: An integrated system that comprises a solar power subsystem, an absorption refrigeration subsystem to provide a cooling effect, a desalination subsystem to produce freshwater, an expander to generate shaft work and electricity, and also a reverse osmosis desalination subsystem to further produce freshwater, wherein the absorption refrigeration subsystem, the desalination subsystem, the expander, and the reverse osmosis desalination subsystem are powered by a solar energy that is supplied by the solar power subsystem.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for the purification of water with a photoreactor. A continuous flow water purification photoreactor having a water inlet, a plurality of illumination sources disposed about a central axis facing and having n-fold rotational symmetry about the central axis, a reaction tube, and a water outlet. The reaction tube including a set of bundled rods having m×n-fold symmetry wherein the bundled rods include a photocatalyst support material at least partially coated with a photocatalyst film.

Abstract: Provided are spilled oil collecting apparatus and method. The spilled oil collecting apparatus includes: a filter portion made of a porous substrate with hydrophilicity and having an open upper portion so as to collect oil; a frame portion provided at an upper end of the filter portion to support the filter portion; and a handle portion connected to the frame portion. According to the spilled oil collecting apparatus and method, it is possible to collect, separate, and store simultaneously spilled oil spilled from rivers or seas by using a porous substrate having hydrophilicity and optimize immediate collection of spilled oil by maximizing oil collection efficiency and minimizing labour force in an oil collecting process.

Abstract: Apparatus for improving the characteristics of water and water-bearing substances, which may be easily mounted to a water discharge point, being a housing chamber with mountable connections for easy installation, portability, and application, for use on bottles, hoses, faucets, inline arrangements, or other applications, in which water can flow over and around a plurality of solid-state materials, which have demonstrated sufficient structural interface activity and interactions to alter the characteristics and properties of water, such as certain gemstones, crystalline, ceramic, or magnetic materials, arranged within a housing, with retention elements to hold the materials within, which may be designed to facilitate the movement and flow pattern of the water, such as honeycomb apertures, and which may include mechanical or magnetic compression.

Abstract: A liquid flow system includes a dosing device for introduction of a chemical additive into a liquid flow circuit, the dosing device including an inlet port in fluid communication with the liquid flow circuit and a container of chemical additive secured or adapted to be secured to the inlet port, the container including a radio frequency identification (RFID) device which stores data of a parameter related to the correct operation of the liquid flow circuit, and the system including a communication device to receive data from the container whereby the liquid flow system is responsive to data received by the communication device.

Abstract: To provide method and apparatus for producing alkaline water, capable of preventing mixture of fine particles derived from a gas dissolving membrane device into hydrogen water. An apparatus for producing alkaline water for cleaning electronic device includes: a pH adjusting device 11 configured to adjust ultrapure water to be alkaline; a deaeration device 13 configured to deaerate the ultrapure water adjusted to be alkaline; and a gas dissolving membrane device 14 having a gas permeable membrane to dissolve functional gas into the deaerated ultrapure water.

Abstract: There are provided systems and processes which enable the efficient biological treatment of high salt concentration fluid streams, e.g., spent caustics, to reduce COD concentrations in the fluid streams.

Abstract: There is provided a method of treatment of sludge, such as municipal or industrial sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, comprising the steps of: —preheating an incoming sludge with at least one steam fraction, preferably by direct steam injection, to obtain a preheated sludge; —further heating the preheated sludge with a high-temperature steam fraction, preferably by direct steam injection, to obtain a heated sludge; —hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of the heated sludge to obtain a HTC-treated sludge; —separating a particle-lean fraction from the HTC-treated sludge; —wet oxidation of the particle-lean fraction to obtain a heated particle-lean fraction; —subjecting the heated particle-lean fraction to a first flashing to obtain the high-temperature steam fraction used in the further heating step; —separating a particle-rich fraction from the HTC-treated sludge; —subjecting the particle-rich fraction to flashing to obtain at least one steam fraction that is used in the preheating step and a cooled particl

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and system for preparing fuel gas by utilizing an organic waste with high water content. The method comprises the following steps: 1) providing an organic waste with high water content; 2) performing hydrothermal reaction by using the organic waste with high water content as a reactant to obtain a hydrothermal reaction product; 3) enabling the hydrothermal reaction product to generate steam, and separating a solid product and an oily liquid product in the hydrothermal reaction product; 4) performing gasification reaction by using the solid product, the oily liquid product and the steam as reactants to obtain a gasification reaction product; and 5) purifying the gasification reaction product to obtain clean fuel gas. The present invention further provides a system for preparing fuel gas. The method can be used for preparing clean fuel gas from the organic waste with water content of 60% or more.

Abstract: A glass manufacturing apparatus includes a dissolving vessel configured to dissolve a glass raw material to produce a molten glass, a forming vessel configured to form the molten glass into a predetermined shape, and glass supply tubes configured to convey the molten glass from the dissolving vessel to the forming vessel. The glass supply tubes each include a tube body, a flange portion, which is arranged in an outer circumferential portion of the tube body and has first and second parts, an electrode portion arranged in the first part, and a temperature difference setting portion configured to cause a temperature difference between the first and second parts. The temperature difference setting portion sets a temperature of the first part to be higher than that of the second part.

Abstract: Methods of melting particulate feedstocks in a submerged combustion melter employing an arrangement of one or more submerged combustion burners emitting combustion products into turbulent molten material. Operating the burners such that there is established a turbulent melting region extending vertically from the floor to a splash region, the splash region extending vertically between the turbulent melting region and a head space region, the head space region extending vertically between the splash region and the melter ceiling, the ceiling positioned above the floor a height H2. Feeding the particulate feedstock into the splash region through one or more inlet ports, the inlet ports positioned at a height H1 measured from the floor, where H1/H2 ranges from about 0.33 to about 0.67. The SCM may have a baffle extending from the ceiling into the splash region. A particulate feedstock conduit may be employed, having an exit port in the splash region.

Abstract: A method of melting glass and glass-ceramics that includes the steps: conveying a batch of raw materials into a submerged combustion melting apparatus, the melting apparatus having liquid-cooled walls and a floor; directing a flame into the batch of raw materials and the melted batch with sufficient energy to form the raw materials into the melted batch; and heating a delivery orifice assembly in the floor of the submerged melting apparatus to convey the melted batch through the orifice assembly into a containment vessel. The melted batch has a glass or glass-ceramic composition that is substantially reactive to a refractory material comprising one or more of silica, zirconia, alumina, platinum and platinum alloys.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing composite glass tube with a plurality of glass layers includes a plurality of cylindrical containers of increasing inner dimensions concentrically arranged and stationary. Each cylindrical container includes a side wall, bottom wall, and a delivery ring. Adjacent cylindrical containers define an annular chamber, a flow control region, and an annular flow channel therebetween. The apparatus includes at least one flow control valve positioned in the flow control region and translatable relative to the adjacent cylindrical containers. Translation of the flow control valves relative to the cylindrical containers is operable to change an impedance to flow of molten glass through the flow control region, thereby modifying an overall flow rate or circumferential distribution of molten glass from the cylindrical containers. Systems and methods for producing composite glass tube using the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing composite glass tube with a plurality of glass layers includes a plurality of cylindrical containers of increasing inner dimensions concentrically arranged and stationary. Each cylindrical container includes a side wall, bottom wall, and a delivery ring. Adjacent cylindrical containers define an annular chamber, a flow control region, and an annular flow channel therebetween. The apparatus includes at least one flow control valve positioned in the flow control region and translatable relative to the adjacent cylindrical containers. Translation of the flow control valves relative to the cylindrical containers is operable to change an impedance to flow of molten glass through the flow control region, thereby modifying an overall flow rate or circumferential distribution of molten glass from the cylindrical containers. Systems and methods for producing composite glass tube using the apparatus are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems for producing articles from glass tube include a converter having a base with a plurality of processing stations and a turret moveable relative to the base. The turret indexes a plurality of holders for holding the glass tubes successively through the processing stations. The systems further include a gas flow system or a suction system for producing a flow of gas through the glass tube during one or more heating, forming, separating or piercing operations. The flow of gas through the glass tube produced by the gas flow system or suction system may be sufficient to evacuate or purge volatile constituents of the glass from the glass tube and/or pierce a meniscus formed on the glass tube during separation, thereby reducing the Surface Hydrolytic Response (SHR) of the interior surface of the glass tube and articles made therefrom.

Abstract: Systems for producing articles from glass tube include a converter having a base with a plurality of processing stations and a turret moveable relative to the base. The turret indexes a plurality of holders for holding the glass tubes successively through the processing stations. The systems further include a gas flow system or a suction system for producing a flow of gas through the glass tube during one or more heating, forming, separating or piercing operations. The flow of gas through the glass tube produced by the gas flow system or suction system may be sufficient to evacuate or purge volatile constituents of the glass from the glass tube and/or pierce a meniscus formed on the glass tube during separation, thereby reducing the Surface Hydrolytic Response (SHR) of the interior surface of the glass tube and articles made therefrom.

Abstract: Systems for producing articles from glass tube include a converter having a base with a plurality of processing stations and a turret moveable relative to the base. The turret indexes a plurality of holders for holding the glass tubes successively through the processing stations. The systems further include a gas flow system or a suction system for producing a flow of gas through the glass tube during one or more heating, forming, separating or piercing operations. The flow of gas through the glass tube produced by the gas flow system or suction system may be sufficient to evacuate or purge volatile constituents of the glass from the glass tube and/or pierce a meniscus formed on the glass tube during separation, thereby reducing the Surface Hydrolytic Response (SHR) of the interior surface of the glass tube and articles made therefrom.

Abstract: Methods for producing glass articles from laminated glass tubing include introducing the glass tubing to a converter. The glass tubing includes a core layer under tensile stress, an outer clad layer under, and an inner clad layer. The methods include forming a feature the glass article at a working end of the laminated glass tubing and separating a glass article from the working end of the laminated glass tubing, which may expose the core layer under tensile stress at the working end of the glass tubing. The method further comprises remediating the exposed portion of the core layer by completely enclosing the core layer in a clad layer. Systems for re-cladding the exposed portion of the core layer as well as glass articles made using the systems and methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: Systems for producing articles from glass tube include a converter having a base with a plurality of processing stations and a turret moveable relative to the base. The turret indexes a plurality of holders for holding the glass tubes successively through the processing stations. The systems further include a gas flow system or a suction system for producing a flow of gas through the glass tube during one or more heating, forming, separating or piercing operations. The flow of gas through the glass tube produced by the gas flow system or suction system may be sufficient to evacuate or purge volatile constituents of the glass from the glass tube and/or pierce a meniscus formed on the glass tube during separation, thereby reducing the Surface Hydrolytic Response (SHR) of the interior surface of the glass tube and articles made therefrom.

Abstract: A conveying device (14) for a glass film (G) includes: a first support (21) configured to support a first portion (Gc) of the glass film (G) having been cut; a second support (22) configured to support a second portion (Gd) of the glass film (G) having been cut; and an opening (23) formed at a position between the first support (21) and the second support (22) and below a laser irradiation apparatus (19). A cutting step for the glass film (G) includes deforming the glass film (G) so as to be convex downward through the opening (23), and radiating a laser beam (LB) from the laser irradiation apparatus (19) to a position which is within a range of the opening (23), and which is prevented from coinciding with a top (GT) of the glass film (G).

Abstract: A glass composition includes from 55.0 mol % to 75.0 mol % SiO2; from 8.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al2O3; from 3.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li2O; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na2O; and less than or equal to 1.5 mol % K2O. The glass composition has the following relationships: Al2O3+Li2O is greater than 22.5 mol %, R2O+RO is greater than or equal to 18.0 mol %, R2O/Al2O3 is greater than or equal to 1.06, SiO2+Al2O3+B2O3+P2O5 is greater than or equal to 78.0 mol %, and (SiO2+Al2O3+B2O3+P2O5)/Li2O is greater than or equal to 8.0. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Abstract: A glass substrate has a compaction of 0.1 to 100 ppm. An absolute value |??50/100| of a difference between an average coefficient of thermal expansion ?50/100 of the glass substrate and an average coefficient of thermal expansion of single-crystal silicon at 50° C. to 100° C., an absolute value |??100/200| of a difference between an average coefficient of thermal expansion ?100/200 of the glass substrate and an average coefficient of thermal expansion of the single-crystal silicon at 100° C. to 200° C., and an absolute value |??200/300| of a difference between an average coefficient of thermal expansion ?200/300 of the glass substrate and an average coefficient of thermal expansion of the single-crystal silicon at 200° C. to 300° C. are 0.16 ppm/° C. or less.

Abstract: An alkali-free glass substrate which is a glass substrate includes, as represented by molar percentage based on oxides, 0.1% to 10% of ZnO. The alkali-free glass substrate has an average coefficient of thermal expansion ?50/100 at 50 to 100° C. of from 2.70 ppm/° C. to 3.20 ppm/° C., an average coefficient of thermal expansion ?200/300 at 200 to 300° C. of from 3.45 ppm/° C. to 3.95 ppm/° C., and a value ?200/300/?50/100 obtained by dividing the average coefficient of thermal expansion ?200/300 at 200 to 300° C. by the average coefficient of thermal expansion ?50/100 at 50 to 100° C. of from 1.20 to 1.30.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method to fabricate an optical coupler comprising the steps of: preparing a photosensitive glass substrate comprising at least silica, lithium oxide, aluminum oxide, and cerium oxide; masking a halftone design with variation in optical density to delineate an optical element in the glass; exposing the photosensitive glass substrate to an activating energy source; exposing the photosensitive glass substrate to a heating phase of at least ten minutes above its glass transition temperature; cooling the photosensitive glass substrate to transform at least part of the exposed glass to a crystalline material to form a glass-crystalline substrate; and etching the glass-crystalline substrate with an etchant solution to form the one or more optical elements.

Abstract: A glass composition includes: from 55.0 mol % to 70.0 mol % SiO2; from 12.0 mol % to 20.0 mol % Al2O3; from 5.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Li2O; and from 4.0 mol % to 15.0 mol % Na2O. The glass composition has the following relationships ?8.00 mol %?R2O+RO?Al2O3?B2O3?P2O5??1.75 mol %, 9.00?(SiO2+Al2O3+Li2O)/Na2O, and (Li2O+Al2O3+P2O5)/(Na2O+B2O3)?3.50. The glass composition may be used in a glass article or a consumer electronic product.

Abstract: A bioactive glass composition including: 50 to 70% SiO2; 0.1 to 10% Al2O3, 5 to 30% Na2O, 0.1 to 15% K2O, 0.1 to 15% MgO, 0.1 to 20% CaO, and 5 to 10% P2O5, based on a 100 wt % of the composition. Also disclosed is a method of making the bioactive glass composition.

Abstract: A bioactive borate glass composition including, for example: 30 to 60% B2O3; 0.5 to 20% ZrO2; 3 to 30% Na2O; 0.1 to 15% K2O; 0.1 to 15% MgO; 5 to 30% CaO; and 1 to 5% P2O5 in mole percents based on 100 mol % of the total composition. Also disclosed is a method of making and method of using the compositions and the bioactive borate glass dentin treatment formulations.

Abstract: A dental formulation including: a bioactive glass composition as defined herein, in an effective amount; and a suitable carrier as defined herein, in an effective amount. Also disclosed is a method of making and using the dental formulation to treat, for example, dentin sensitivities.

Abstract: A soda-lime-silica glass-ceramic article having an amorphous matrix phase and a crystalline phase is disclosed along with a method of manufacturing a soda-lime-silica glass-ceramic article from a parent glass composition comprising 47-63 mol % SiO2, 15-22 mol % Na2O, and 18-36 mol % CaO. The crystalline phase of the glass-ceramic article has a higher concentration of sodium (Na) than that of the amorphous matrix phase.