Abstract: Pathogenic fungi from the genus Sphaerulina cause damage to a diverse array of economically important plant species. The present disclosure provides methods of determining whether a plant is susceptible to pathogenic fungi infections. The disclosure further provides methods of engineering pathogenic fungi-resistant plants from susceptible plants using targeted genome editing techniques.

Abstract: In some aspects, described herein is a DNA methylation reporter. In some aspects, the DNA methylation reporter comprises a promoter whose activity can be affected by exogenous methylation changes without being independently regulated by the DNA methylation machinery, operably linked to a DNA sequence that encodes a reporter molecule. In some embodiments the DNA methylation reporter comprises (i) a promoter derived from a mammalian imprinted gene promoter; and (ii) a sequence that encodes a reporter molecule that is detectable in individual mammalian cells, wherein the promoter is operably linked to the sequence that encodes the reporter molecule. Also described are nucleic acids that comprise the DNA methylation reporter, cells that have the DNA methylation reporter integrated into their genome, and non-human mammals comprising cells that have the DNA methylation reporter integrated into their genome.

Abstract: Systems and methods for detecting and/or identifying target cells (e.g., bacteria) using engineered transduction particles are described herein. In some embodiments, a method includes mixing a quantity of transduction particles within a sample. The transduction particles are associated with a target cell. The transduction particles are non-replicative, and are engineered to include a nucleic acid molecule formulated to cause the target cell to produce a series of reporter molecules. The sample and the transduction particles are maintained to express the series of the reporter molecules when target cell is present in the sample. A signal associated with a quantity of the reporter molecules is received. In some embodiments, a magnitude of the signal is independent from a quantity of the transduction particle above a predetermined quantity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for generating primers and/or probes for use in analyzing a sample which may comprise a pathogen target sequence comprising providing a set of input genomic sequence to one or more target pathogens, generating a set of target sequences from the set of input genomic sequences, identifying one or more highly conserved target sequences, and generating one or more primers, one or more probes, or a primer pair and probe combination based on the one or more conserved target sequences.

Abstract: A method for identifying a risk factor for diseases, disorders or conditions, such as those caused by human immunodeficiency virus, using the polymerase chain reaction and specific primers. Methods for treating patients having these diseases, disorders or conditions by antimicrobial treatment of the risk factor by combined antiviral and antibacterial treatment or by sustaining or stimulating the subject's immune system. Methods for screening biological products including red blood cell preparations. Primers and methods for detecting nucleic acids or microbial agents associated with red blood cells, such as those associated with red blood cells in subjects infected with HIV and undergoing antiretroviral therapy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for identifying a compound that prevents, ameliorates and/or inhibits a hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, wherein a compound that (i) reduces the expression and/or activity of PAP associated domain containing 5 (PAPD5) and/or PAP associated domain containing 7 (PAPD7); and/or (ii) binds to PAPD5 and/or PAPD7 and inhibits 5 propagation of HBV; is identified as a compound that prevents, ameliorates and/or inhibits a HBV infection. The invention also provides for an inhibitor of PAPD5 and/or PAPD7 for use in treating and/or preventing a HBV infection; as well as a combined preparation comprising an inhibitor of PAPD5 and an inhibitor of PAPD7 for simultaneous or sequential use in the treatment or prevention of a HBV infection. Also comprised in the present invention is a 10 pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a HBV infection, and a method for monitoring the therapeutic success during the treatment of a HBV infection.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides novel bacterial strains with altered expression or start codon modification of one or more RNA degradation/processing genes. The RNA degradation genes of the present disclosure are controlled by heterologous promoters. The present disclosure further describes methods for generating microbial strains comprising heterologous promoter sequences operably linked to RNA degradation/processing genes.

Abstract: A cold-rolled high-strength steel plate having excellent phosphating performance and formability and a manufacturing method therefor. The chemical composition of the steel plate is, in percentage by weight, C 0.01-0.20%, Si 1.50-2.50%, Mn 1.50-2.50%, P?0.02%, S?0.02%, Al 0.03-0.06%, N?0.01%, the remainder being Fe and impurities. The surface layer of the steel plate has an inner oxide layer with a thickness of 1-5 ?m, and there is no enrichment of Si and Mn on the surface of the steel plate. The steel plate has good phosphating performance and formability, with a tensile strength of ?980 MPa and an elongation of ?20%. The structure at the room temperature contains retained austenite, ferrite, and martensite and/or bainite.

Abstract: A self-lubricating rolling bearing is provided. The chemical compositions in the inner rings and the outer rings of bearing are 3.4-3.7% C, 2.7-2.9% Si, 0.3-0.5% Mn, 0.3-0.5% Cr, ?0.05% S, ?0.05% P, 0.03-0.045% Residual Mg, and the remainder Fe. The total percent of the chemical compositions is 100%. The material for the inner and outer rings of the rolling bearing introduced in the invention is austempered ductile iron (ADI). In the microstructure of ADI, the diameter of the graphite nodules is less than 0.02 mm, the number of graphite spheres per square millimeter is more than 400, and the microstructure of the metal matrix in the ADI can be showed clearly only when it is observed on the microscope with a magnification more than 500. Eventually, the self-lubricating rolling bearings are made from the ADI.

Abstract: A 980 MPa-grade hot-rolled ferrite bainite dual-phase steel and a manufacturing method therefor. The chemical components of the steel comprise, in percentage by weight, 0.15-0.30% of C, 0.8-2.0% of Si, 1.0-2.0% of Mn, 0-0.02% of P, 0-0.005% of S, 0-0.003% of O, 0.5-1.0% of Al, 0-0.006% of N, 0.01-0.06% of Nb, 0.01-0.05% of Ti, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. In addition, the chemical components meet the following relations: 0.05%?Nb+Ti?0.10%, and 2.5?Al/C?5.0. The microstructure of the steel is made of ferrite and bainite. The average grain size of the ferrite is 5-10 ?m, and the equivalent grain size of the bainite is less than or equal to 20 ?m. The yield strength of the steel is greater than or equal to 600 MPa, the tensile strength of the steel is greater than or equal to 980 Mpa, and the ductility is greater than or equal to 15%.

Abstract: The invention describes a dual-phase steel comprising 8-12 wt. % Mn, 0.3-0.6 wt. % C, 1-4 wt. % Al, 0.4-1 wt. % V, and a balance of Fe. The steel has martensite and retained austenite phases, and may include vanadium carbide precipitations. A method for making the dual-phase steel involves the steps of (a) hot rolling the ingots of the composition to produce a plurality of thick steel sheets, (b) treating the steel sheets by an air cooling process, (c) warm rolling the steel sheets at a temperature in the range of 300-800° C. with a thicknesses reduction of 30-50%, (d) annealing the steel sheets a first time at a temperature in the range of 620-660° C. for 10-300 min, (e) cold rolling the steel sheets at room temperature with a thickness reduction of 10-30% to generate hard martensite, and (f) annealing the steel sheets a second time at a temperature in the range of 300-700° C. for 3-60 min to form the dual-phase steel.

Abstract: A cold-rolled steel plate (1) and a manufacturing method therefor. The chemical composition of the steel plate (1) in percentage by weight is: C 0.15-0.25%, Si 1.50-2.50%, Mn 2.00-3.00%, P?0.02%, S?0.01%, Al 0.03-0.06%, N?0.01%, with the balance being Fe and impurities. The surface layer has an inner oxide layer (2) with a thickness of 1-5 ?m, and there is no enrichment of Si or Mn on the surface. The steel plate (1) has good phosphating performance and formability, with a tensile strength of ?1180 MPa and an elongation of ?14%, and has a complex-phase structure of ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite, the content of the retained austenite being not lower than 5%. A dew point is at ?25° C. to 10° C. in continuous annealing, such that external oxidation transitions to internal oxidation.

Abstract: A steel sheet having a specified chemical composition and a method for producing the steel sheet. The steel sheet has a microstructure including martensite and bainite. The total area fraction of the martensite and the bainite to the entirety of the microstructure is more than 90% and 100% or less. The microstructure includes inclusion clusters A and B, the content of the clusters A in the microstructure being 2 clusters/mm2 or less, and the content of the clusters B in the microstructure being 5 clusters/mm2 or less. The microstructure includes carbide particles including Fe as a main constituent which have an aspect ratio of 2.0 or less and a major axis of 0.30 ?m or more and 2 ?m or less. The content of the carbide particles in the microstructure is 4000 particles/mm2 or less. The microstructure includes prior ? grains having an average size of 6 to 15 ?m.

Abstract: A welding joint having excellent fatigue characteristics and a method for manufacturing the same are disclosed. The welding joint having the excellent fatigue characteristics, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, may include a welded metal formed by welding between a plurality of steel sheets arranged in such a way to overlap each other at a connecting portion between the plurality of steel sheets, and a remolten portion which is formed at an end of the welded metal and whose surface layer has a Vickers hardness value of 200 Hv or greater.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a detoxification treatment method for extracting and recycling chromium from hexavalent chromium-containing residues, comprising steps as follows: 1) adding water to the hexavalent chromium-containing residues and mixing uniformly; 2) adding sodium sulfate, sodium chlorate and sulfuric acid to a solution obtained in step 1) and stirring, sufficiently to obtain a mixed liquid; 3) treating the mixed liquid by a hydrothermal method or direct heating; 4) after the heating treatment, naturally cooling a solid-liquid mixture to room temperature for holding; 5) separating solid residues and a chromium-containing supernatant, and washing filtered residues with water and then drying; 6) precipitating the supernatant and the water used for washing the filtered residues with a precipitant CaCl2, then centrifugally washing, dewatering and drying the precipitates; and 7) recycling a chromium-containing solution for returning to a work section, or for a treatment of recycling chromium.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide metal powder that can be used to form an external electrode, which is excellent in solder wettability and solder leach resistance while having a layer structure with fewer layers than in the related art and, furthermore, is excellent in electrical conductivity. This silver-coated alloy powder comprises a coating layer on a surface of an alloy core particle containing copper, nickel, zinc, and inevitable impurities, the coating layer containing silver.

Abstract: Embodiments of an aluminium alloy for vehicle applications, an aluminium alloy strip, and a sheet metal body part of a motor vehicle manufactured from the aluminium alloy strip are disclosed herein. The object to provide an aluminium alloy for vehicle applications, which can be processed into a strip using conventional method steps such that the manufactured strip, with a moderate level of strength, exhibits only a low tendency to hardening from the T4 condition and a use in the area of pedestrian impact protection is possible, is achieved in that the aluminium alloy has the following alloy constituents in percent by weight 0.40-0.55 wt % Si, 0.15-0.25 wt % Fe, 0-0.06 wt % Cu, 0.15-0.4 wt % Mn, 0.33-0.4 wt % Mg, 0-0.03 wt % Cr, 0.01-0.10 wt % Ti, and the remainder being Al and unavoidable impurities, individually at most 0.05 wt %, in total at most 0.15 wt %.

Abstract: The present disclosure generally provides aluminum alloy articles having improved bond durability at certain surfaces of the article. The disclosure also provides methods of making such materials, for example, via a selective etching process, as well as methods of using such articles in applications that involve bonding the article to other articles, such as other aluminum articles. The disclosure also provides articles of manufacture made from such articles, including bonded aluminum articles. The disclosure also provides aluminum alloy articles having an inert or neutralized surface. The inert or neutralized surfaces described herein are characterized by surfaces containing oxidized copper. Also described herein are methods including etching a surface of the aluminum alloy articles with an oxidant. The resulting aluminum alloy articles exhibit desirable bond durability properties and exceptional corrosion resistance.

Abstract: An aluminum alloy powder for additive manufacturing, and method for manufacturing a piece by manufacturing from this powder are disclosed. In one aspect, the alloy powder is composition by weight: AlcompSiaMgbZrcRd wherein R represents one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ti, and wherein, in percent by weight: a is between 0.2% and 1%, b is between 0.3% and 1.7%, c is between 0.4% and 5%, and d is between 0% and 1%, wherein the balance consists of aluminum and unavoidable impurities.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an article comprising a metal alloy; where the metal alloy comprises a base metal, a second element and a third element; where the base metal is magnesium, calcium, strontium, zinc, or a combination thereof; where the second element is chemically different from the third element; and where the second element and the third element are scandium, yttrium, gadolium, cerium, neodymium, dysporium, or a combination thereof; and a protective layer disposed upon the metal alloy and is reactively bonded to the metal alloy; where the protective layer comprises a base non-metallic derivative, a second non-metallic derivative and a third non-metallic derivative of metals present in the metal alloy; and where the base non-metallic derivative, the second non-metallic derivative and the third non-metallic derivative are all chemically different from one another.

Abstract: A cemented carbide comprising 55-90 parts by mass of WC particles, and 10-45 parts by mass of an Fe-based binder phase, the binder phase having a composition comprising 2.5-10% by mass of Ni, 0.2-1.2% by mass of C, 0.5-5% by mass of Cr, 0.2-2.0% by mass of Si, 0.1-3% by mass of W, 0-5% by mass of Co, and 0-1% by mass of Mn, the balance being substantially Fe and inevitable impurities, and the cemented carbide being substantially free from composite carbides having major axes of 5 ?m or more. This cemented carbide is produced by cooling at a cooling rate of 60° C./hour or more between 900° C. and 600° C., after vacuum sintering.

Abstract: An aqueous solution composition contains more than or equal to 10 mass % and less than or equal to 30 mass % of tungstate ions relative to 1 kg of water, more than or equal to 0.05 mass % and less than or equal to 5 mass % of transition metal ions relative to 1 kg of water, and a remainder of counter anions and water. The transition metal ions include cobalt ions. The counter anions include organic acid ions. The organic acid ions are multidentate ligands.

Abstract: Methods for manufacturing components that include casting a first melt to produce an ingot, remelting the ingot to form a second melt, forming a powder from the second melt using an atomization process, and fabricating a component utilizing the powder in an additive manufacturing process. The ingot and the powder include an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB2 particles and Al3Ti particles and the component is a metal matrix composite having an aluminum matrix that contains dispersions of TiB2 particles and Al3Ti particles. Optionally, the metal matrix composite may include particles of an intermetallic compound of aluminum and at least one alloying element.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a kind of hardfacing alloy, which can be applied onto a workpiece's surface by any one surface treatment process in accordance with material, dimensions, and required properties of the workpiece. For example, this novel hardfacing material can be heated to a fully melted state or a partially melted state by using different types of heat sources, such that the melted hardfacing material can be coated onto the surface of any one workpiece to form a protective layer or a surface modification layer. As a result, the workpiece having the surface coating layer with superior characteristics exhibits outstanding functional performances and has a long service time.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide an austenitic stainless steel that is excellent in polythionic acid SCC resistance and also excellent in creep ductility. An austenitic stainless steel according to the present invention includes a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.030% or less, Si: 0.10 to 1.00%, Mn: 0.20 to 2.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Cr: 16.0 to 25.0%, Ni: 10.0 to 30.0%, Mo: 0.1 to 5.0%, Nb: 0.20 to 1.00%, N: 0.050 to 0.300%, sol.Al: 0.0005 to 0.100%, and B: 0.0010 to 0.0080%, with the balance being Fe and impurities, and satisfying Formula (1): B+0.004?0.9C+0.017Mo2?0??(1) where symbols of elements in Formula (1) are to be substituted by contents of corresponding elements (mass %).

Abstract: A method to produce a high strength NiTiHf alloy, a NiTiHfZr alloy or a NiTiZr alloy are disclosed. The alloys comprise less than about 10 atomic percent of Hf, Hf+Zr, or Zr, respectively. The alloys, devices containing the alloys and methods of producing the devices are also disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a regenerated member of a nickel-based alloy member for use in a turbine. The nickel-based alloy member is a used member having been operated for a predetermined period of time in the turbine. The regenerated member is a nickel-based alloy unidirectional solidification article or single crystalline solidification article including a ? phase as a matrix and a ?? phase precipitating in the ? phase in a volume fraction of 30 volume % or more in an operational environment of the turbine. In a microstructure of the regenerated member, no recrystallized grains of the ? phase are present. And, when a rocking curve of a predetermined crystal face of the ? phase crystal grain of the used member undergone the solution/non-recrystallization heat treatment step is measured by an XRD technique, a FWHM of the rocking curve is within a range from 0.25° to 0.30°.

Abstract: A continuous coating line includes a roll assembly exposed to molten metal. The roll assembly includes a roll rotatable relative to a bearing block. The roll includes a roll portion and a journal protruding from each end of the roll portion. The roll is made from a refractory ceramic material that is resistant to wear, abrasion, and corrosion when the roll is exposed to the molten metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for coating a metal strip with the aid of a coating device. Within the coating device, the strip first runs through a coating container with a liquid coating agent and then a stripping nozzle device for stripping off excess coating agent from the surface of the strip. After the stripping nozzle device, the strip typically runs through a strip stabilizing device with a plurality of magnets on both broad sides of the strip. A form control deviation is determined as the difference between a determined actual form of the strip and a specified desired form of the strip and this form control deviation is used for activating the magnets of the strip stabilizing device in order to transform the actual form of the strip into the desired form.

Abstract: Disclosed are a hot-rolled galvanized steel sheet having excellent galling resistance and formability, and a method for manufacturing the same. The hot-rolled galvanized steel sheet, includes: a base steel; and a hot-rolled galvanizing layer formed on the surface of the base steel, wherein the hot-rolled galvanizing layer provides a hot-rolled galvanized steel sheet having a Mn crystallite having a size of 10 ?m or less between the resin dendrites of zinc that form sequins.

Abstract: Methods for treating steel, along with the resulting treated steel, are provided. The method may comprise: nitriding a carburized Ferrium steel component such that the Ferrium steel component has a surface portion with a nitrogen content that is greater than 0% to about 5% by weight. Nitriding the Ferrium steel component may increase the surface hardness of the Ferrium steel. The surface portion may have a nitrogen content of about 0.05% to about 0.5% by weight.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a ceramic coloring method and a ceramic piece for electronic products. The ceramic coloring method comprises: providing a ceramic base material; plating, wherein an aluminum-containing metal film is plated on a surface of the ceramic base material; and coloring, wherein anodic oxidation coloring is performed to the aluminum-containing metal film. The electronic product ceramic piece comprises: a ceramic base material and an aluminum-containing metal film, the aluminum-containing metal film is plated on a surface of the ceramic base material, and the aluminum-containing metal film is colored by anodic oxidation. The ceramic coloring method and the ceramic piece for electronic product provided by the present disclosure are rich in colors and have a high-quality sample color effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a sliding element, in particular a piston ring, to a method for producing same, and to the use of the sliding element in a tribological system. The sliding element has a coating which has at least one adhesive layer and a MAX phase layer from the inside towards the outside. The MAX phase layer has the composition Mn+1AXn (n=1, 2, 3), wherein M represents an element from the group Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, and Ta, A represents an element from the group Al, Si, P, S, Ga, Ge, As, Cd, In, Sn, Tl, and Pb, and X represents the elements C or N.

Abstract: A compound semiconductor has a high electron concentration of 5×1019 cm?3 or higher, exhibits an electron mobility of 46 cm2/V·s or higher, and exhibits a low electric resistance, and thus is usable to produce a high performance semiconductor device. The present invention provides a group 13 nitride semiconductor of n-type conductivity that may be formed as a film on a substrate having a large area size at a temperature of room temperature to 700° C.

Abstract: A chalcogenide film is provided. The chalcogenide film includes a noble metal chalcogenide material having a formula MCx. M represents a noble metal. C represents a chalcogen. x is any one positive value equal to or more than 1.4 and less than 2. The chalcogenide film is configured to generate electrons and holes upon light incident on the chalcogenide film.

Abstract: There is provided a cathode unit for a sputtering apparatus, having a construction in which a target can be replaced without opening a vacuum chamber to the atmosphere. The cathode unit having targets and being adapted to be mounted on a vacuum chamber has: a supporting frame mounted on an external wall of the vacuum chamber; an annular moveable base supported by the supporting frame in a manner to be movable toward or away from the vacuum chamber; a rotary shaft body rotatably supported by the movable base in a manner to be elongated through an inner space of the movable base in parallel with a sputtering surface of the target; provided an axial direction of the rotary shaft body is defined to be an X-axis direction, and a forward or backward direction orthogonal to the X-axis direction of the movable base is defined to be a Z-axis direction.

Abstract: An embodiment of a line-of-sight coating fixture includes a support structure, a spindle, and a shadow structure. The support structure includes a plurality of compartments disposed below a platter, each compartment having an opening on a periphery of the support structure. Each compartment is adapted to receive and secure a base of a workpiece such that a body of each workpiece to be coated is disposed about a periphery of the support structure and extends above the platter. The spindle is disposed through a center of the platter or support structure for rotating the workpieces thereabout. The shadow structure is disposed about the spindle, inside of the periphery, the shadow structure sized and adapted to shield a portion of each workpiece from line-of-sight coating material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method tor protecting a hafnium-free, nickel-based monocrystalline superalloy part (1) against corrosion and oxidation. Said method is characterized in that it involves at least the steps of: -manufacturing a hafnium-free, nickel-based monocrystalline superalloy part (1); -depositing a first hafnium-containing layer (2), an undercoat made of an alloy containing at least 10 atom % aluminum, and a second hafnium-containing layer on the part (1) such that a mixed layer (3) is formed, and depositing a third hafnium-containing layer (4) on the part (1); -performing a diffusion treatment in order for the first (2) and third (4) layers to diffuse such that a first interdiffusion region (21) is formed on the top portion of the part (1) and a second interdiffusion region (41) is formed on the surface of the mixed layer (3); -subjecting the second interdiffusion region (41) to an oxidation treatment so as to obtain a hafnium-doped alumina layer (42).

Abstract: A molecular sensor includes a substrate defining a substrate plane, and a plurality of pairs of electrode sheets above or below the substrate at an angle to the substrate plane. The molecular sensor further includes a plurality of inner dielectric sheets between each electrode sheet in each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs, and an outer dielectric sheet between each pair of electrode sheets of the plurality of pairs.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a plasma process apparatus with low particle contamination and a method of operating the same, wherein the plasma process apparatus comprises a chamber body and a liner, wherein a dielectric window is provided above the liner; the chamber body, the liner, and the dielectric window enclose a reaction space; a base for placing a wafer is provided at a bottom portion inside the reaction space; a vacuum pump device for pumping a gas out of the reaction space and maintaining a low pressure therein is provided below the base; a shutter for shuttering between an opening on a chamber body sidewall and an opening on a liner sidewall is provided inside the chamber body, for blocking contamination particles in the gas from flowing from a transfer module to the reaction space; a groove is provided at a lower portion of the liner, wherein a flowing space enclosed by a liner outer wall below the shutter and a chamber body inner wall is in communication with an inner space of t

Abstract: A susceptor cleaning method for cleaning a susceptor in a processing chamber is provided. The susceptor cleaning method includes a pre-coating film forming step of placing the susceptor in the processing chamber and forming a pre-coating film on a surface of the susceptor; a deposited film forming step of placing a substrate on the susceptor having the pre-coating film formed thereon and performing a film forming process in the course of which a deposited film is formed on the susceptor; a crack generating step of generating cracks in the deposited film; a pre-coating film removing step of supplying a pre-coating film removing gas into the processing chamber, causing the pre-coating film removing gas to reach the pre-coating film through the cracks, and removing the pre-coating film; and a deposited film removing step of removing the deposited film.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for collecting a by-product in a semiconductor process, the apparatus including: a housing; a heater plate; a heater power supply unit; first and second upper horizontal brackets collecting a by-product; a by-product collecting tower allowing the exhaust gas to pass through an exhaust gas passing space and collecting the by-product; the lower horizontal bracket guiding the exhaust gas toward the window and collecting the by-product contained in the exhaust gas; the window blocking the powder form by-product from introducing to a gas collecting and discharging port and guiding the exhaust gas thereto; and the gas collecting and discharging port. Accordingly, the apparatus can increase capacity of collecting a by-product with a simple structure, thereby extending a replacement period of the apparatus. In addition, the apparatus can collect a large amount of by-products quickly and efficiently over a long period of time.

Abstract: A process chamber is provided including a sidewall, a substrate support, and an exhaust vent disposed above the substrate support. A processing region is formed between the exhaust vent and substrate support, and the exhaust vent is coupled to an exhaust device configured to create a low pressure at the exhaust vent relative to the processing region. The process chamber further includes a gas ring including an annular shaped body having an inner surface that circumscribes an annular region. The gas ring further includes a plurality of first nozzles that are coupled to a first gas source and configured to deliver a first gas to the processing region. The gas ring further includes a plurality of second nozzles that are coupled to a second gas source and configured to deliver a second gas to the processing region.

Abstract: Systems for and methods of manufacturing a ceramic matrix composite include introducing a gaseous precursor into an inlet portion of a reaction furnace having a chamber comprising the inlet portion and an outlet portion that is downstream of the inlet portion, and delivering a mitigation agent, such as water vapor or ammonia, into an exhaust conduit in fluid communication with and downstream of the outlet portion of the reaction chamber so as to control chemical reactions occurring with the exhaust chamber. Introducing the gaseous precursor densities a porous preform, and introducing the mitigation agent shifts the reaction equilibrium to disfavor the formation of harmful and/or pyrophoric byproduct deposits within the exhaust conduit.

Abstract: A film forming method forms a film including a predetermined element on substrates placed on a turntable, by supplying a first reaction gas including the predetermined element from a first supply part and supplying a second reaction gas from a second supply part in a raised state of the turntable, and rotating the turntable a predetermined number of times in a state in which the separation gas is supplied from a separation gas supply part, and performs an anneal process at least before or after the film forming process, by supplying the separation gas or the second reaction gas from the first supply part and supplying the separation gas or the second reaction gas from the second supply part in a lowered state of the turntable, and rotating the turntable at least once in a state in which the separation gas is supplied from the separation gas supply part.

Abstract: A method of changing the brightness of light emitted by first and second light emitting diodes (LEDs) operated by respective first and second pulse width modulation (PWM) control signals includes the steps of (a) changing a first PWM control signal that operates a first LED from a first initial PWM value at a first rate of change to achieve a threshold PWM value at a predetermined point in time; (b) changing a second PWM control signal that operates a second LED from a second initial PWM value at a second rate of change to achieve the threshold PWM value at the predetermined point in time; and (c) subsequent to the predetermined time, changing both the first PWM control signal and the second PWM control signal from the threshold PWM value to achieve a final PWM value.

Abstract: A system and method for atomic layer deposition, ALD, where an actuator arrangement is configured to receive a batch of substrates and transfer the substrates through a first load-lock horizontally into a vacuum chamber, and to lower the substrates within the vacuum chamber into a reaction chamber thus closing the reaction chamber with a lid.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to a showerhead having a reflector plate with a gas injection insert for radially distributing gas. In one embodiment, a showerhead assembly includes a reflector plate and a gas injection insert. The reflector plate includes at least one gas injection port. The gas injection insert is disposed in the reflector plate, and includes a plurality of apertures. The gas injection insert also includes a baffle plate disposed in the gas injection insert, wherein the baffle plate also includes a plurality of apertures. A first plenum is formed between a first portion of the baffle plate and the reflector plate, and a second plenum is formed between a second portion of the baffle plate and the reflector plate. The plurality of apertures of the gas injection insert and the plurality of apertures of the baffle plate are not axially aligned.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a heat treatment apparatus for high-quality graphene synthesis, and more particularly, to a heat treatment apparatus for high-quality graphene synthesis capable of more effectively depositing graphene on a catalytic metal film.

Abstract: A multi-layer thermal barrier coating is provided that includes an insulating layer having an outer surface defining a plurality of crevices therein and a sealing layer bonded to the outer surface of the insulating layer. The sealing layer is substantially non-permeable and is configured to seal against the insulating layer. The sealing layer fills in at least a portion of the crevices. A method of forming a thermal barrier coating is also provided, which includes a step of providing a plurality of hollow round microstructures bonded together, each having a diameter in the range of 10 to 100 microns to create an insulating layer. The method further includes depositing a plurality of metal particles onto the insulating layer and heating the plurality of metal particles to form a substantially non-permeable sealing layer over the insulating layer.