Abstract: An apparatus, method and computer program are provided. The apparatus includes a light source; a light sensor configured to sense light signals emitted by the light source; and an actuator configured to lift a surface of skin tissue in order to create an optical path through the skin tissue from the light source to the light sensor, for transmissive photoplethysmography.

Abstract: A vesical pressure measurement system is provided. One or more elements of the system are operably combinable with a previously deployed urinary drainage catheter. The system includes a urodynamic data system and a urinary drainage catheter balloon adaptor. The data system is characterized by a pressure sensor for vesical pressure measurement, and a processor/controller for receiving, processing and/or displaying select urodynamic patient parameters comprising sensed/monitored pressure data. The adaptor operably unites the pressure sensor of the data system to a balloon inflation valve of the catheter. The adaptor includes an adaptor valve for connection to the balloon inflation valve, and a housing, the housing including a balloon inflation valve portion and an adaptor valve portion, the portions urgingly uniteable in furtherance of establishing and maintaining a secure interface between the balloon inflation valve and the adaptor valve.

Abstract: A device is described that can include a probe, a mobile device, and at least one processor. The probe can examine a corresponding anatomical part of a body. The mobile device can have a camera to take an image of the anatomical part of the body. The mobile device can execute a patient-application to process the image. The at least one processor can be configured to transmit the processed image to a server via a communication network. Related apparatuses, systems, methods, techniques and articles are also described.

Abstract: A method for predicting the risk of acute airways obstruction of a patient j with chronic respiratory disease, comprising the steps of: taking an already available averaged (population-based) risk curve that quantifies the probability of having a future airways obstruction in at least future days; measuring the inspiratory resistance of one patient j for at least a prefixed number of days; calculating the probability of future acute airways obstruction of the patient j, adjusting the already available averaged (population-based) risk curve with a coefficient k that take into account the inspiratory resistance of the patient j.

Abstract: This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods to determine an indication of discharge readiness for a patient using received physiologic information of the patient corresponding to hospitalization of the patient and received physiologic information of the patient corresponding to a time after hospitalization.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method and a system for determining a carbohydrate intake event from glucose monitoring data indicative of a glucose level in a system having a data processing device provided with one or more processors.

Abstract: A wearable device to assist a sufferer of cognitive dysfunction is disclosed. The wearable device includes a first set of sensors configured to collect data corresponding to a plurality of activities of the sufferer, a second set of sensors configured to monitor surrounding environment, a third set of sensors configured to collect data corresponding to a plurality of activities of one or more surrounding individuals, a transceiver configured to transmit the data corresponding to the first set of sensors, the second set of sensors and the third set of sensors to an external processing device and a notification subsystem configured to activate one or more notifications wherein the one or more notifications comprises one or more active prompts, delivered to the one or more individuals in surrounding of the sufferer, to complete one or more actions associated with the one or more active prompts.

Abstract: A system includes a haptic output device constructed and arranged to generate a haptic effect to a user of the system, and a chemical delivery device constructed and arranged to deliver a chemical to the user of the system.

Abstract: A method and system to correct for alignment errors between assumed and actual geometric parameters of an acquisition geometry during image reconstruction in a chest tomosynthesis application includes receiving at least 2 raw projection images acquired on at least 2 different positions in a known acquisition geometry, determining an actual geometric parameter value by determining the minimum of a redundant planes cost function which is calculated for a varying range of the geometric parameter values, and which is determined by: a) at least one plane which intersects an X-ray source trajectory with at least two points, b) an intersection between the planes and a detector surface for which points the source positions are determined, and c) for which the parameters determining the intersection (?, ?, l) are used for the construction of the cost function, applying the calculated actual geometric parameter value of the acquisition geometry for the image reconstruction of the plurality of images, characterized in t

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automated reconstruction of a 3D computed tomography (CT) volume from a small number of X-ray images is disclosed. A sparse 3D volume is generated from a small number of x-ray images using a tomographic reconstruction algorithm. A final reconstructed 3D CT volume is generated from the sparse 3D volume using a trained deep neural network. A 3D segmentation mask can also be generated from the sparse 3D volume using the trained deep neural network.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an X-ray image processing device and an X-ray image processing method using a small X-ray detector, in which the device includes a controller configured to control an X-ray source and an X-ray detector to obtain m (m is an integer of 2 or more) number of consecutive divided projection images at each of preset n (n is an integer of 1 or more) number of imaging angles while rotating around a rotary axis and facing each other, a projection image synthesizing unit configured to generate a synthetic projection image by synthesizing the m number of divided projection images obtained in correspondence to each imaging angle, and an image reconstructor configured to generate a reconstructed image by reconstructing the synthetic projection image.

Abstract: A computer controlled robot system for positioning a patient for radiation therapy or other medical procedures and the like. The robot is mounted at the top of a vertical shaft extending from the treatment room floor and includes horizontal arms arranged to maximize the available work envelope and eliminate “dead spots” in the envelope that the robot cannot reach. A double redundant coupling system for coupling devices to the robot is provided. A vision based docking system is employed for automatically coupling devices to the robot. Various enhanced safety features are provided, including device specific collision avoidance.

Abstract: An imaging system with integrated magnification stand is described. In an embodiment, the imaging system may include an imaging detector configured to capture an image of human tissue. The imaging system may include a compression paddle situated apart from the imaging detector. A magnification stand of the imaging system may be configured to rotate between a first position and a second position, wherein the magnification stand is situated between the compression paddle and the imaging detector in the first position such that the human tissue can be compressed between the magnification stand and the compression paddle, and wherein the magnification stand is rotated to the second position in which the second position is generally perpendicular to the first position. In this manner, the magnification stand may be stored on the imaging system itself. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: The present approach relates to avoiding azimuthal blur in a computed tomography context, such as in dual energy imaging with fast kV switching. In accordance with certain aspects, the focal spot position is held stationary in the patient coordinate system within each respective view and the detector signals within the view are summed. In one embodiment, this results in the low and high energy views within the signal being collected from the same position within the patient coordinate system.

Abstract: An X-ray imaging apparatus is capable of cutting the time needed for the long-length image. A candidate point registration element 25 registers an end of a long-length region as a candidate point. A start location determination element 27 determines the candidate point closest to the present location of the imaging system as the imaging start location based on the distance between the present location of the imaging system and each candidate point. A distance that the imaging system shifts at the imaging preparation step of the X-ray images by determining the imaging start location prior to imaging of a series of X-ray images that form a long-length image can be shortened. When the long-length imaging is implemented multiple times, the shift-distance of the imaging system is further shortened by updating the setting of the imaging start location in advance every time when a series of X-ray images is taken, so that the time needed for the entire steps relative to the long-length imaging can be largely cut.

Abstract: A digital radiographic detector system includes a number of DR detectors enclosed by a housing. A base section with wheels has attached thereto a vertical column with a height adjustable horizontal arm extending therefrom. The housing with DR detectors therein is attached to a distal end of the horizontal arm. The housing comprises a major surface made from a radiolucent material to allow the detectors to capture radiographic images via x-rays transmitted through the major surface of the housing. The housing is configured to support the plurality of DR detectors therewithin.

Abstract: A source grating structure (G0) for interferometric X-ray imaging cable of generating a non-uniform intensity profile behind a surface (S) of the grating structure when exposed to X-ray radiation.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for generating time resolved series of angiographic volume data having flow information. The system and method are configured to receive angiographic volume data acquired from a subject having received a dose of a contrast agent using an imaging system and process the angiographic volume data to generate angiographic volume images. The angiographic volume data is processed to select a seed vessel in the vessel network, determine a plurality of branch vessels connected to the seed vessel and extending to form a vessel network, determine independent and dependent vessels in the vessel network, apply a flow model to the vessel network, and generate a flow map to be displayed with the angiographic volume images to illustrate time-resolved vascular volumes displaying flow within the vessel network.

Abstract: Pain factors are labeled with targeted agents or markers delivered into the body. The labeled pain factors are imaged with appropriate imaging tools in a manner allowing selective identification and localization of areas of pain source or transmission. The labeled pain factors allow spatial differentiation in the imaging sufficient to specify the location of the pain so as to drive therapeutic decisions and techniques in order to treat the pain. Pain factors labeled and imaged in this manner may include one or more of nerve factors, blood vessel factors, cellular factors, and inflammation factors. Labeled markers may include for example radioactive materials (e.g. tritiated or iodinated molecules) or other materials such as metal (e.g. gold) nanoparticles. Intermediary binding materials may be used, such as for example bi-specific antibodies.

Abstract: A system and method for air calibration in a Computed Tomography (CT) imaging system are provided. A first set of data associated with air in a scanning area may be obtained. second set of data associated with an object in the scanning area may be obtained. The second set of data based on the first set of data may be calibrated, and a set of reference values generated by a neural network model may be used to perform the calibration. A third set of data based on the calibration of the second set of data may be generated. Based on the third set of data, a CT image of the object may be generated.

Abstract: Introduced here are electronic stethoscope systems designed to simultaneously monitor sounds originating from within a body under examination and the ambient environment. An electronic stethoscope system can include one or more input units that are connected to a hub unit. Each input unit may have at least one auscultation microphone and at least one ambient microphone. To improve the quality of sound recorded by an input unit, a processor can apply a noise cancellation algorithm that considers as input the audio data produced by the auscultation microphone(s) and the audio data produced by the ambient microphone(s). The audio data may be digitized directly in the input unit, and then transmitted to the hub unit for synchronization. For example, by examining the audio data produced by the ambient microphone(s), the processor may discover which digital artifacts, if any, should be filtered from the audio data produced by the auscultation microphone(s).

Abstract: A tool for facilitating medical diagnosis is disclosed herein, including an ultrasound device configured to collect ultrasound data from a patient, a display device, and a processing circuit configured to generate a cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) waveform based on the ultrasound data, determine morphology indicators identifying attributes of the CBFV waveform, and configure the display device to display the CBFV waveform and the morphology indicators.

Abstract: A tool for facilitating medical diagnosis is disclosed herein, including an ultrasound device configured to collect ultrasound data from a patient, a display device, and a processing circuit configured to generate a cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) waveform based on the ultrasound data, determine morphology indicators identifying attributes of the CBFV waveform, and configure the display device to display the CBFV waveform and the morphology indicators.

Abstract: An ultrasound imaging apparatus accurately and efficiently diagnoses an object by providing cross-sectional images including a bioptic needle selected from images acquired by the ultrasound imaging apparatus and a guide line to guide motion of the bioptic needle and a method of controlling the ultrasound imaging apparatus. The ultrasound imaging apparatus comprises a display device; a probe configured to acquire an ultrasound image by emitting ultrasound to a surface of an object; and a controller configured to determine whether or not an image of a needle is comprised in at least one cross-sectional image constituting the ultrasound image of the object, and output the at least one cross-sectional image comprising the needle's image to the display device upon determination that the at least one cross-sectional image comprise the needle's image.

Abstract: Provided is a photoacoustic measurement device including: an ultrasound image generation unit that generates an ultrasound image on the basis of a detection signal of reflected ultrasonic waves generated by the transmission of ultrasonic waves; a puncture needle detection unit that detects a length direction of a puncture needle on the basis of the ultrasound image; and a controller that controls a steering direction of a sample gate which is a Doppler measurement target on the basis of the length direction of the puncture needle such that an angle ? formed between a straight line extending in the length direction of the puncture needle and a straight line extending in the steering direction of the sample gate satisfies 0°??<90°.

Abstract: A photoacoustic image generation apparatus includes: a puncture needle that generates photoacoustic waves; an ultrasound probe that detects the photoacoustic waves and reflected ultrasonic waves reflected by the transmission of ultrasonic waves; a Processor that generates a Doppler signal on the basis of the reflected ultrasonic waves from a sample gate as a Doppler measurement target, that generates a photoacoustic image on the basis of the photoacoustic waves, and that detects the position of a tip portion of the puncture needle on the basis of the photoacoustic image; and a controller that sets the sample gate at a position which is a predetermined distance away from the detected position of the tip portion of the puncture needle and sets the sample gate, following movement of the tip portion of the puncture needle, in a state in which the distance is maintained.

Abstract: A method for fabricating an intravascular imaging assembly is provided. In one embodiment, the method includes forming a stacked structure (415) having a plurality of sacrificial material layers disposed between a plurality of ultrasound material layers in an alternating pattern; dicing the stacked structure (420) to form a plurality of elongated strips, each comprising an array of ultrasound elements defined by the plurality of ultrasound material layers and spacers defined by the plurality of sacrificial material layers; coupling a first elongated strip (430) of the plurality of elongated strips to a flexible circuit substrate; and removing the spacers (435) of the first elongated strip from the flexible circuit substrate.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus according to an embodiment includes processing circuitry. The processing circuitry is configured to generate ultrasound images in a time series on the basis of data acquired by transmitting and receiving an ultrasound wave. Every time an ultrasound image satisfying a predetermined condition is generated, the processing circuitry is configured to perform a position aligning process between the ultrasound image satisfying the predetermined condition and a reference image obtained in advance. The processing circuitry is configured to identify, within the ultrasound image satisfying the predetermined condition, a region of interest set in the reference image, on the basis of a result of the position aligning process and to track the region of interest in ultrasound images in a time series that are newly generated by the image generating unit during or after the position aligning process.

Abstract: An ultrasonic probe for acquiring an ultrasonic image is provided. The ultrasonic probe includes a transducer generating an ultrasonic signal and including a lens provided to transmit the ultrasonic signal to the outside, a case accommodating the transducer and having an opening at one side so that the lens is brought into contact with an external target object, and a buffer member provided along a circumference of the transducer to protect the transducer from external impact and disposed between the case and the transducer.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnostic apparatus includes an ultrasound probe including a plurality of transducers arranged in a plurality columns and a switching element which switches input of a driving signal to the transducers and output of a receiving signal, a transmitter which outputs the driving signal to the transducers, a receiver which acquires the receiving signal corresponding to the transducers, and a hardware processor which generates ultrasound image data corresponding to each of the columns from the receiving signal, makes partial images in the ultrasound image data respectively have representations, synthesizes the ultrasound image data respectively including the partial images to generate composite image data, generates first identification information indicating to which position in a depth direction of the composite image data each of the representations of the partial images in the composite image data corresponds, and displays the generated first identification information and composite image data on

Abstract: A method for ultrasound flow imaging includes transmitting a set of transmission beams through a region of interest having a plurality of spatial locations. The method further includes generating demodulated data in response to the set of transmission beams. Further, the method includes obtaining a plurality of wave-number vectors and location response data corresponding to each spatial location. Moreover, the method includes determining a plurality of Doppler frequency values based on the location response data and determining a flow vector for each spatial location based on the plurality of Doppler frequency values and the plurality of wave-number vectors. The method also includes generating a flow vector image based on the flow vectors corresponding to the plurality of spatial locations within the region of interest, where the flow vector image is representative of a magnitude and direction of blood flow in the region of interest.

Abstract: Provided are an ultrasound imaging apparatus and a method of controlling the same. The ultrasound imaging apparatus may: receive an input for selecting a patient in a stored patient list; determine an auxiliary information output form according to a disability type of the selected patient; executing a diagnosis process corresponding to a diagnosis item of the selected patient; and outputting in real time, in the determined auxiliary information output form, auxiliary information corresponding to a progression stage of the executed diagnosis process, wherein when the selected patient is a person with auditory disability, a sign language is determined as the auxiliary information output form.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a computer-implemented method for computing a tissue reflectivity function (TRF). This method comprises accessing radio-frequency (RF) data and computing a point spread function (PSF), to obtain the TRF. The RF data accessed are data obtained by beamforming time signals Ri from an array of transducers of an ultrasound device. Next, for each pair (r, s) of given pairs of points in the imaging plane, the PSF is computed as a sum of contributions from at least some of the transducers. Each of said contributions is computed by evaluating a transducer's transfer function h, based on two outputs of a respective time-of-flight function ?. Such outputs are obtained by evaluating the time-of-flight function at a first point r and at a second point s of said each pair, respectively. Finally, the RF function can be deconvoluted, based on the computed PSF, so as to obtain the TRF.

Abstract: A tool for facilitating medical diagnosis is disclosed herein, including an ultrasound device configured to collect ultrasound data from a patient, a display device, and a processing circuit configured to generate a cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV) waveform based on the ultrasound data, determine morphology indicators identifying attributes of the CBFV waveform, and configure the display device to display the CBFV waveform and the morphology indicators.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnosis apparatus includes: a hardware processor which performs control of causing a display to display an ultrasound image subjected to attenuation correction, based on a received signal and setting of the attenuation correction, the attenuation correction correcting strength of the received signal lowered due to attenuation of ultrasound waves inside a subject based on a correction amount according to a reflection depth of the ultrasound waves inside the subject; and an input receiver which receives an input operation that designates an adjustment amount, wherein the hardware processor changes the setting of the attenuation correction based on the adjustment amount, and in the changing the setting of the attenuation correction, sets the correction amount, for each of different reflection depths, to an amount according to a product of the adjustment amount and a predetermined weighting factor, the predetermined weighting factor being set correspondingly to each of the reflection depths.

Abstract: A medical imaging apparatus includes: an ultrasound probe to transmit and receive an ultrasound signal to obtain an ultrasound image of an object; a sensor coupled to the ultrasound probe to provide a position information related to an ultrasound imaging position in the object; and a processor to extract a certain anatomical feature from the ultrasound image and the certain anatomical feature from a medical image, perform a first registration between the medical image and the ultrasound image by matching the certain anatomical feature in the ultrasound image the certain anatomical feature in the medical image, perform a second registration between the sensor and the medical image based on the position information and the first registration, and control a display to display a portion of the medical image corresponding to the ultrasound imaging position based on at least one of the first registration and the second registration.

Abstract: A control device acquires a plurality of images including an ultrasound image and a photoacoustic image taken in an examination, selects a first image and a second image to be displayed superimposed on the first image, based on information relating to the examination, and generates an object for outputting at least information for displaying the second image superimposed on the first image to an external device.

Abstract: A correction coefficient k is generated based on a combination of a luminance value I constituting a tomographic image F1 and a power value P constituting a power image F2. The power value P is suppressed by multiplying the power value P by the correction coefficient k. After such pre-processing, any one of the color data set (R1, G1, B1) corresponding to the luminance value I and the color data set (R2, G2, B2) corresponding to the power value P (after suppression) is selected.

Abstract: For compensating for distortions of ultrasonic transducer signals by measuring thickness of a membrane cap and 3D oil covering the ultrasonic transducer in real time without additional hardware, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an ultrasonic imaging apparatus may comprises an ultrasonic probe configured to have an ultrasonic transducer with a plurality of elements, a membrane cap provided in a form that covers the ultrasonic transducer, and three dimensional (3D) oil provided between the ultrasonic transducer and the membrane cap; a controller configured to obtain thickness data of at least one of the membrane cap and the 3D oil to compensate for a distortion of a signal transmitted or received by the ultrasonic transducer.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of stabilising an ultrasound image, the method comprising generating a composite image of a current image and at least one previous image. The composite image has a region of interest which is stabilised based on at least obtained stabilisation information. Use of a current image and at least one previous image allows a composite image of a larger size to be produced.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnostic apparatus includes: a hardware processor which generates sound ray data and displays ultrasound images based on the sound ray data; and an input receiver. The hardware processor stores playback data used for displaying the ultrasound images. The hardware processor performs, in a two-screen display control for displaying a live moving image on the ultrasound images and playback data on the live moving image side by side in a display, changes display control on the live moving image if the input receiver receives a first input operation, and changes display control on the playback image while continuing displaying the live moving image if the input receiver receives a second input operation.

Abstract: An ultrasound diagnostic apparatus includes: an image acquisition unit that acquires an ultrasound image by transmitting an ultrasound beam from an ultrasound probe toward a subject and receiving an ultrasound beam reflected from the subject; an image analysis unit that analyzes the acquired ultrasound image; and a movement amount detection unit that detects a movement amount of the ultrasound probe. The image analysis unit performs image analysis on an ultrasound image of a single frame in a case where the movement amount of the ultrasound probe is equal to or greater than a threshold value, and performs image analysis on ultrasound images of a plurality of frames in a case where the movement amount of the ultrasound probe is less than the threshold value.

Abstract: A liquid collecting mechanism that includes a liquid collection tube arm and a liquid collection tube head fixed at a front end of the tube arm. A sealing spacer is arranged at a joint connecting the liquid collection tube head and the liquid collection tube arm, and the liquid collection tube head is internally provided with a liquid collection cavity. An area of the liquid collection tube head located above the liquid collection cavity is a mesh collection area, and a plurality of collecting holes is provided in the mesh collection area. The mechanism includes a liquid suction tube passing through the tube arm and tube head, and the liquid suction tube has an open first end located in the liquid collection cavity and an open second end configured to connect with a pump body mechanism.

Abstract: A magnetically controlled digestive tract liquid collection system and a capsule are provided. In an assembled state, with the constraint of a limit structure formed by a rotation limiting pin on an inner shell of the capsule and a rotation limiting slot in an outer shell of the capsule, and an angle exists between the N-S directions of a first magnetic cylinder and a second magnetic cylinder, a torque is present between the two magnetic cylinders, which makes parts inside the capsule tightly coupled. When an external magnetic field is applied, at least one or both of the two magnetic cylinders rotate under the action of the external magnetic field. When the external magnetic field is applied, the liquid inlets are in opened state, and when the external magnetic field is removed, the liquid inlets are in closed state.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided to remove biopsy specimens from a bone and/or associated bone marrow using a powered driver and an intraosseous (IO) needle set. The powered driver may rotate the IO needle set at an optimum speed to obtain a biopsy sample of bone and/or bone marrow. Apparatus and methods may also be provided for aspiration of bone marrow and/or stem cell transplant procedures. The apparatus may include a powered driver, a coupler assembly, a containment bag or sterile sleeve and various IO needles and IO needle sets with associated hubs and/or hub assemblies. Each IO needle set may include a cannula or catheter and an associated trocar stylet with respective tips operable to penetrate a bone and/or bone marrow with minimum trauma to a patient. Each hub assembly may be used to releasably dispose a respective stylet within an associated generally hollow cannula. Some coupler assemblies and/or hub assemblies may also be used with manual drivers.

Abstract: A system for collecting a sample from a tissue includes a medical instrument having a sample collection region. One or more sensors is configured to detect one or more properties of a sample, and is configured to output at least one measured value representative of the one or more properties of the sample. An indicator is operatively connected to the one or more sensors and is configured to provide a notification to a user of the medical instrument based on the one or more properties of the sample detected by the at least one sensor. A method of guiding sample collection is also provided.

Abstract: A biopsy device includes a housing, a probe assembly, and an insert aid. The probe includes a biopsy needle unit, a vacuum pressure-generating device, and a flexible connection tube that connects the biopsy needle unit to the vacuum pressure-generating device. The insert aid device has a body that defines a pair of cradles configured to respectively receive the biopsy needle unit and the vacuum pressure-generating device, and configured to orient the biopsy needle unit to lie parallel to the vacuum pressure-generating device in the insert aid device for insertion of the biopsy needle unit and the vacuum pressure-generating device into the housing.

Abstract: A deployable tube apparatus may include a spool and a flexible sheet coiled about the spool in a laterally unfurled condition. The flexible sheet may have a first lateral margin and a second lateral margin, and may be deployable from the laterally unfurled condition with the first and the second lateral margins spaced from each other to a deployed tubular condition where the first and the second lateral margins are coupled to each other to form an enclosed lumen. The deployable tube apparatus may provide lateral support to an elongated flexible instrument, such as a catheter. Methods of creating and using the deployable tube apparatus are described.

Abstract: A device with bendable distal end of its elongate body and a system actuating the distal portion of the device is disclosed. A rigid elongate member fixedly attached to a distal portion of a grip structure and forming a pathway for pull-wires, can be manipulated by a control organ, such that an angular displacement of the rigid elongate member within the hollow grip structure with respect to the distal portion of the grip generates bending of the distal portion of the elongate body. The device may further comprise a mechanism for immobilizing the rigid elongate member with respect to the grip in a selected position, such that the bent distal portion of the elongate body remains fixed in the selected position.

Abstract: A surgical instrument including a housing, an endoscopic portion, a shaft portion, and an end effector is disclosed. The endoscopic portion extends distally from the housing and defines a longitudinal axis. The shaft portion is selectively connectable to a distal end of the endoscopic portion. The end effector is selectively connectable to a distal end of the shaft portion.