Abstract: A solution making system and apparatus are described. The solution maker mixes a chemical or slurry with a solvent to a desired concentration. The concentration of the solution is monitored by one or more methods. Based upon this measurement, the concentration of the solution may be adjusted.

Abstract: An internal loop airlift reactor (ILAR) for process intensification integrating reaction and separation includes a riser, a downcomer, a hydrocyclone, internals preventing occurrence of dead zone, a gas guide cone, vent holes, and a gas-liquid integrated distributor. The hydrocyclone is arranged at the bottom of the ILAR downcomer; the gas guide cone and the vent holes in the downcomer prevent the gas from entering the hydrocyclone; after the slurry enters the hydrocyclone, the solid-containing slurry enters the riser again from the hydrocyclone underflow, and the solid-free clean product flows out through the hydrocyclone overflow. The ILAR in the present invention has a simple structure and low cost and requires no special liquid-solid separation device. It can achieve gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction, interphase mass transfer, and solid-liquid separation simultaneously, and is suitable for a gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction in which the catalyst is solid particles.

Abstract: A contacting device and method are presented for the collection, contacting, and distribution of fluids between particulate beds of a downflow vessel, which may operate in co-current flow. By one approach, the contacting device includes a liquid collection tray, a mixing channel in fluid communication with the liquid collection tray, and a liquid distribution zone.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for controlling the size of microbubbles are provided herein. The methods include forming a microbubble in a liquid at an inlet end of a liquid microchannel, the liquid microchannel having an outlet end spaced from the inlet end and a liquid microchannel conduit extending therebetween. As the liquid is propelled along a length of the liquid microchannel, the liquid carry the microbubble, a negative pressure is applied to a first very low pressure microchannel having a first end, a second end spaced from the first end and a first very low pressure microchannel conduit extending between the first end and the second end and having a portion thereof being laterally spaced from and adjacent to a portion of the liquid microchannel conduit. The negative pressure withdraws air from the microbubble in the liquid microchannel to shrink the microbubble as the microbubble travels along the portion of the liquid microchannel conduit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing an oligomer array. The invention comprises the steps of: providing a substrate with a multitude of recesses; introducing a first particle with a first molecule into a recess; releasing the first molecule from the first particle; binding the first molecule to a second molecule to form an oligomer while immobilizing the second molecule in the recess; optionally repeating the steps, wherein at least one of the first particles and/or the first molecules comprises a detectable marker.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a urea plant with a high pressure synthesis section and a recovery section. The high pressure synthesis section comprises a reactor, a stripper and a condenser, wherein the reactor operates at a higher pressure than the stripper and the condenser. The plant further includes a compression unit between the condenser and the reactor. The compression unit utilizes mechanical energy recovered from a decompression unit positioned downstream of the stripper and upstream of the recovery section.

Abstract: The invention relates to a packing layer (1) for structured packing (20), the packing layer (1) having a plurality of structural elements (2), and the structural elements (2) being shaped and arranged in such a manner that they form a first fine structure (3), and adjacent structural elements (2) having a first spacing (a), the packing layer (1) having a plurality of protrusions (4) that are shaped and arranged in such a manner that they form a second fine structure (5), and adjacent protrusions (4) having a second spacing (b). According to the invention, the structural elements (2) and the protrusions (4) are formed without perforations.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing CO2 from an environment at pressures above 1 bar by associating the environment with a porous material that has a surface area of at least 2,800 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.35 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of less than 2 nm. The present disclosure also pertains to methods for the separation of CO2 from natural gas in an environment at partial pressures of either component above 1 bar by associating the environment with a porous material that has a surface area of at least 2,200 m2/g, and a total pore volume of at least 1.00 cm3/g, where a majority of pores of the porous material have diameters of greater than 1 nm and less than 2 nm.

Abstract: The gas adsorbent of one aspect according to the present invention includes is included in the glass panel unit. The gas adsorbent includes: a substrate made of fiber or a porous substance, of inorganic material; and a liquid containing a getter attached to the substrate.

Abstract: This invention provides a carrier for a synthesis gas production catalyst that can suppress carbon depositions and allows to efficiently produce synthesis gas on a stable basis for a long duration of time when producing synthesis gas by carbon dioxide reforming. It is a carrier to be used for producing synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen from source gas containing methane-containing light hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide. The carrier contains magnesium oxide grains and calcium oxide existing on the surfaces of magnesium oxide grains. The calcium oxide content thereof is between 0.005 mass % and 1.5 mass % in terms of Ca.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of synthesizing nano-sized tungsten-silica core-shell particles by a silica-based sol-gel process. According to the method, tungsten-silica nanoparticles are very easy to synthesize by a simple process at ambient pressure and temperature. In addition, tungsten oxide-silica (WOx@SiO2) nanoparticles including tungsten in a stable oxidation state can be synthesized. In the tungsten oxide-silica nanoparticles, the size of the tungsten protected with the silica shell can be maintained in the nanometer range without further processing. Also disclosed is a method of synthesizing nano-sized tungsten oxide (WOx) and tungsten carbide (WC) particles by further processing of the tungsten-silica core-shell particles.

Abstract: A spent sulfuric acid catalyst from an alkylation unit is regenerated via a paired oxidation electrolysis, wherein active intermediates are generated via both anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction without adding an additional organic peroxide during the electrolysis. The organic impurities in the spent sulfuric acid catalyst are decomposed by the active intermediates, and removed therefrom via evaporation.

Abstract: The invention provides an exhaust gas cleaning oxidation catalyst and in particular to an oxidation catalyst for cleaning the exhaust gas discharged from internal combustion engines of compression ignition type (particularly diesel engines). The invention further relates to a catalyzed substrate monolith comprising an oxidizing catalyst on a substrate monolith for use in treating exhaust gas emitted from a lean-burn internal combustion engine. In particular, the invention relates to a catalyzed substrate monolith comprising a first washcoat coating and a second washcoat coating, wherein the second washcoat coating is disposed in a layer above the first washcoat coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a linear inorganic coordination polymer and a metal complex compound which are prepared in the form of a metal nanostructure having various stereo structures and thus can be used as a catalyst or the like having an excellent activity in preparing a polyalkylene carbonate resin and the like, and a metal nanostructure and a catalyst composition comprising the same. The linear inorganic coordination polymer comprises a repeating unit having a form in which a predetermined oxalic acid derivative is coordinately bonded to a transition metal, and the metal complex compound comprises a plurality of linear inorganic coordination polymer chains and has a structure in which the plurality of polymer chains are linked to each other via a predetermined neutral ligand.

Abstract: The invention relates to oligomerization of olefins, such as ethylene, to higher olefins, such as a mixture of 1-hexene and 1-octene, using a catalyst system that comprises a) a source of chromium b) one or more activators and c) a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound. Additionally, the invention relates to a phosphacycle-containing ligating compound and a process for making said compound.

Abstract: Provided is a catalyst block for cleaning exhaust gas, having: a square-shaped honeycomb core provided with first-fourth outside surfaces; a first plate attached to the first outside surface; a second plate attached to the second outside surface; and an exterior frame disposed along the outer periphery of the firm and solid honeycomb core formed from the honeycomb core, the first plate and the second plate, the exterior frame being provided with a recessed part that at least encases the first plate, the second plate, the third outside surface and the fourth outside surface. In the catalyst block, a catalyst is supported in the honeycomb core, the first plate and the second plate, and the catalyst is not supported in the exterior frame.

Abstract: A device for purifying exhaust gas provided to purify exhaust gas in an engine, may include an exhaust line through which exhaust gas discharged from the engine passes, a NOx storage catalyst that is installed in the exhaust line to absorb a nitrogen oxide discharged from the exhaust gas, and detach an absorbed nitrogen oxide when a temperature of a catalyst is higher than a predetermined value, and a three way catalyst (TWC) arranged in rear of the NOx storage catalyst for reducing the nitrogen oxide detached from the NOx storage catalyst, wherein the NOx storage catalyst includes an LTA zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Catalyst systems that are resistant to high-temperature sintering and methods for preparing such catalyst systems that are resistant to sintering at high temperatures are provided. Methods of forming such catalyst systems include contacting a support having a surface including a catalyst particle with a solution comprising a metal salt and having an acidic pH. The metal salt is precipitated onto the surface of the support. Next, the metal salt is calcined to selectively generate a porous coating of metal oxide on the surface of the support distributed around the catalyst particle.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to supported multi-metallic catalysts for use in the hydrotreating of hydrocarbon feeds, as well as a method for preparing such catalysts. The catalysts are prepared from a catalyst precursor comprised of at least one Group VIB metal, at least one Group VIII metal and an organic acid. The catalyst precursor is thermally treated to partially decompose the organic acid, then sulfided. The catalysts have a high carbon-as-carboxyl to total carbon ratio (Ccarboxy/Ctotal) as a result of a unique post-metal calcination method employed during the manufacture of the catalyst.

Abstract: Provided are a binder composition for an electrode for a capacitive deionization device including a first polymer including a first structural unit including a zwitterionic functional group and a second structural unit including a cross-linkable functional group, a cross-linking agent, and ionic functional group, an electrode for a capacitive deionization device including the composition, a capacitive deionization device including the electrode, and a method of removing ions from a fluid using the device.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compressed salt block and a liquid treatment apparatus provided therein with at least one such compressed salt block. The liquid treatment apparatus comprises a housing adapted to accommodate at least one liquid treatment tank and at least one compressed salt block. The housing comprises a first space portion for accommodating the at least one liquid treatment tank, and a second space portion for accommodating at least partially the at least one compressed salt block; wherein the at least one compressed salt block comprises an extension portion which extends into a space in the first space portion between an external surface of the at least one liquid treatment tank and an inner wall surface of the housing adjacent the external surface of the at least one liquid treatment tank to thereby position the at least one compressed salt block within the housing.

Abstract: A pipette is described having a tube, a pressure mechanism, and at least one reagent pad. The tube has a first end, a second end opposite the first end, and a sidewall extending between the first end and the second end, with the sidewall defining an interior cavity. The pressure mechanism is operably connected to the first end of the tube and is configured to enable a sample to be drawn into the interior cavity of the tube through the second end of the tube. The at least one reagent pad is positioned in the interior cavity of the tube and within a predefined liquid path whereby the sample contacts at least a portion of the at least one reagent pad when drawn into the interior cavity. In another embodiment, a pipette is described having a tube, a pressure mechanism, and a capillary positioned within the tube.

Abstract: The disclosure describes methods and devices with which to process and analyze difficult chemical, biological, environmental samples including but not limited to those containing bulk solids or particulates. The disclosure includes a cartridge which contains a separation tube as well as one or more valves and cavities for receiving raw sample materials and for directing and containing various fluids or samples. The cartridge may contain a separation fluid or density medium of defined density, and structures which direct particulates toward defined regions of the cartridge. Embodiments can include a rotational device for rotating the cartridge at defined rotational rates for defined time intervals. Embodiments allowing multiple assays from a single sample are also disclosed. In some embodiments, this device is used for direct processing and chemical analysis of food, soil, blood, stool, motor oil, semen, and other samples of interest.

Abstract: Method for the treatment of a biological sample comprising at least one cell and a liquid component; according to the method, a force is applied to the sample inserted in an inner chamber of a hollow device towards a filter which has pores with diameters from 2 nm to 1 ?m, so that at least part of the liquid component passes through the filter and the cell remains in the inner chamber, thus obtaining a concentrated sample; the filter has a surface facing the inner chamber of less than 12.6 mm2.

Abstract: A mechanical separator for separating a fluid sample into first and second phases within a collection container is disclosed. The mechanical separator may have a separator body having a through-hole defined therein, with the through-hole adapted for allowing fluid to pass therethrough. The separator body includes a float, having a first density, and a ballast, having a second density greater than the first density. A portion of the float is connected to a portion of the ballast. Optionally, the float may include a first extended tab adjacent a first opening of the through-hole and a second extended tab adjacent the second opening of the through-hole. In certain configurations, the separator body also includes an extended tab band disposed about an outer surface of the float. The separator body may also include an engagement band circumferentially disposed about at least a portion of the separator body.

Abstract: A lateral flow assay test device providing a structure for the lateral flow assay reactions provides for a continuous flow path of bibulous material provided in separate but contiguous regions of the device in which the bibulous layers are in fluid contact with each other thereby providing flow control of the timing and speed of the assay reaction. Increased flow control results in increasing reliability of use, increasing sophistication of reactions and increases the range of molecules or diagnosis that can be identified. Such flow control can extend processing times and allow users or test givers to manually delay test processing providing enhanced test results.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a microfluidic based assay system, comprising a disposable assay cartridge and associated reading device, as well as the individual components themselves. The present invention also relates to methods of conducting assays, using the cartridge and device of the invention, as well as kits for conducting assays.

Abstract: The invention relates to a microfluidic system for processing biological samples comprising a transfer pipette; a platform adapted to provide at least one receiving chamber and configured to receive said transfer pipette, and a distal output chamber wherein a biological sample from the transfer pipette is dispensed into the output chamber when a centrifugal force is applied.

Abstract: Systems and methods disclosed herein related to an apparatus including a fluid flow plate and a microfluidic valve assembly. The fluid flow plate includes a plurality of polymer layers that define a fluid flow passage through the microfluidic valve assembly. The microfluidic valve assembly includes a valve seat, a flexible membrane, a valve cavity, a valve head, and an actuator. The actuator is configured to selectively control pressure applied by the valve head to the flexible membrane, such that in a first actuator state the valve head depresses the flexible membrane into the valve cavity and into contact with the valve seat, thereby preventing fluid flow through the valve assembly, and in a second state, the valve head and the flexible membrane are retracted substantially out of the valve cavity allowing fluid to flow through the valve assembly. In various implementations, the valve seat and/or the flexible membrane include an elastomer layer.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatuses comprising, for example, a microfluidic channel device comprising a main body comprising a channel configured to provide for helical fluid motion of material within the channel; and a temperature control system that applies a temperature gradient to the channel. Methods of making and using the apparatus are also described.

Abstract: Biological activity in holding pens in a micro-fluidic device can be assayed by placing in the holding pens capture objects that bind a particular material of interest produced by the biological activity. The biological material of interest that binds to each capture object can then be assessed, either in the micro-fluidic device or after exporting the capture object from the micro-fluidic device. The assessment can be utilized to characterize the biological activity in each holding pen. The biological activity can be production of the biological material of interest. Thus, the biological activity can correspond to or arise from one or more biological cells. Biological cells within a holding pen can be clonal cell colonies. The biological activity of each clonal cell colony can be assayed while maintaining the clonal status of each colony.

Abstract: Closing arrangement for a cap of a tube in a carrier, wherein the arrangement comprises at least a first, a second and a third moveable engagement member, the first member being adapted to induce a first part of the cap rotation and the second member being adapted to induce a second part of the cap rotation and the third member being adapted to induce a third part of the cap rotation for closure.

Abstract: A reagent storage and dispensing apparatus comprises a housing, storage wells disposed within an internal volume of the housing, and a valve. The housing comprises a shared outlet chamber. The wells can be selected to be in fluid communication with the shared outlet channel through individual outlet channels. The valve is coupled to the housing and is rotated to select a well to be in fluid communication with the shared outlet channel while preventing the remaining wells from being in fluid communication. As the valve is rotated, the wells and their individual outlet channels remain stationary. To dispense fluid from or draw fluid into the selected well, positive or negative pressure, respectively, is introduced into the internal volume. Pressurization of the internal volume also pressurizes the plurality of wells, though the valve allows only fluid flow for the selected well.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a reagent cartridge configured for use in an automated multi-module cell processing environment.

Abstract: The disclosed apparatus, systems and methods relate to a modular microfluidic device, the component comprising a channel comprising an apex opening, wherein the apex opening that is at least partially surrounded by a collar configured to pin a liquid within the channel. The modular microfluidic device may also have a structural tip in or near the apex opening which is configured to allow for the flow of the liquid into the channel from a second component for a modular microfluidic device when the component is engaged with the second component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods of temperature referencing for melt curve data collection. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for collecting DNA melt curve data for a DNA sample and a temperature reference material.

Abstract: PC board fluidic devices for performing a Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) are disclosed. The devices comprise a printed circuit board and a PCR chamber. The PCR chamber is a fluidic chamber and is located in, or is part of, the PC board. The PC board can include a coil trace heating element with a temperature sensor and controller.

Abstract: The invention relates to a chain link for a support chain for supporting a compression belt in a separating device for separating materials of different flowability, the chain link having a support surface and an inner surface opposite said support surface and is characterized in that a protruding support element is arranged on at least one end face of the chain link so as to form an undercut. The invention further relates to a support chain for a support apparatus for supporting a compression belt in a separating device for separating materials of different flowability, the support chain being an articulated chain which has individual chain links connected to each other in an articulated manner, the chain links being threaded onto chain pins extending transverse to the conveying direction F with the chain links according to the invention. The invention also relates to a support apparatus having the support chain according to the invention.

Abstract: A grinder having a rotor and fan assembly mounted in a housing having one or more of the following features: a cutting shaft and a fan shaft which are concentric and are rotated by separate motors; a housing formed in two sections, with a line of division passing through the axis of rotation of the shafts and mounted on rollers; ping pong shaped cutting hammers; and deflectors attached to the inside of the housing and to a deflector assembly on the outside of the housing. The deflectors are movable vertically and horizontally with first and second motion controllers for adjusting the spacing between the cutting hammers and the deflectors. A programmable logic controller is used for independently controlling the speed at which the cutting shaft and fan shaft are rotated and the spacing between the cutting hammers and the deflectors to produce a desired particle size reduction for a selected material.

Abstract: An agitator shaft (1) for a grinding mill, including: —an axle (2) intended to be driven in rotation, —a succession of flat agitator elements (3) and tubular spacers (4) mounted in alternation on the axle and in a stack along the axle (2), —end stops (5, 6), secured to the axle, that keep the stack of agitator elements and spacers under compression, characterized in that the tubular spacers (4) have orifices allowing the free circulation of material and fluids from the outside of the agitator shaft to the inside, and vice versa.

Abstract: A disc chipper for crushing lumpy feed material. The disc chipper has a crushing rotor driven by a drive unit, rotating about an axle, including a rotor shaft and a chipping disc connected in a rotationally fixed manner with the rotor shaft. The chipper disc includes chipping knives, which are transversely aligned in the disc plane to the rotational direction and which cooperate with stationary counter knives for the comminution of the feed material. The drive unit include a primary drive and a secondary drive, which drive the crushing rotor via a transmission, wherein the primary drive is in active operative connection with the crushing rotor during the crushing operation, and the secondary drive during the acceleration process or when readjusting the crushing rotor for purposes of maintenance and repair.

Abstract: Methods for the recycling of carpet are disclosed that produce clean face fiber suitable for industrial use. The methods allow the recovery of face fiber material, for example a polyester or a polyamide, from carpets that includes a face fiber material and a backing material, and include the steps of heating the carpet to a temperature lower than the melting point of the face fiber material, but higher than the initial thermal decomposition temperature of the backing material, for a time and at a temperature sufficient to thermally decompose, pyrolyze, or oxidize at least a portion of the backing material, rendering the backing material friable, that is more friable than the untreated backing; and applying mechanical force to the carpet so as to liberate the friable backing material from the face fiber material.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing high aspect ratio silver nanowires is provided, wherein the silver solids produced comprise high aspect ratio silver nanowires and are depleted in low aspect ratio silver particles.

Abstract: A magnetic-matter removing apparatus includes: endless chains arranged to run in circles between inside liquid containing a magnetic matter and above the liquid; magnetic-matter attracting means supported on the endless chains for attracting the magnetic matter in the liquid with a magnetic force; a drum arranged above the liquid, having a magnetic force stronger than the magnetic force of the magnetic-matter attracting means, and configured to detach the magnetic matter attracted to the magnetic-matter attracting means from the magnetic-matter attracting means and attract the magnetic matter; and discharging means for scraping the magnetic matter attracted to the drum and discharging the magnetic matter to outside the apparatus.

Abstract: A filter that contains an adsorbent to remove the soluble portion of the contaminant, and then some form of electrostatic attraction additive. The electrostatic attraction additive would serve to pull the colloidal and particulate portion of the contaminant out of fluid, which could be held indefinitely, or be used to hold while the contaminant is allowed to solubilize and then be removed by the adsorbent. The electrostatic attraction additive could either be positively or negatively charged depending on the surface charge of the particulates that are in the fluid, and includes particles or fibers charged with charged polymers, zeolites, cation or anion exchange resin, powdered alumina, or nano-alumina.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of branched fatty alcohol-based compounds selected from the group of fatty alcohols with 12-16 carbon atoms having a degree of branching of 1-3, and their alkoxylates with a degree of ethoxylation of up to 3, as secondary collectors for the froth flotation of non-sulfidic ores, in combination with a primary collector selected from the group of amphoteric and anionic surface active compounds.

Abstract: A water delivery device that may be used in a water display is described. The device includes an orifice or outlet through which water is shot out. The shape and configuration of the water device may be varied to dynamically adjust the configuration of the water shot out from the device. For example, the water delivery device may shoot out water in the shape of a fan, and the width of the fan may be varied.

Abstract: The present invention provides an overhead shower head, which needn't a wrench when assembled and disassembled, the overhead shower head comprises a shower head main body and a universal ball disposed in a ball fixing seat at the rear side of the shower head main body; wherein an abutting fitting portion is disposed between the universal ball and the ball fixing seat, when the universal ball and the ball fixing seat rotate relatively, the abutting fitting portion abuts in the rotating direction, so that the universal ball and the ball fixing seat rotate together. The assembly and disassembly of the overhead shower head of the present invention can be achieved by just rotating the shower head main body without using tools such as a wrench, the assembly is fast and convenient.

Abstract: A head and shoulder showerhead system includes a fluid diverter having a fluid inlet portion for engaging a shower arm of a water supply, a first fluid outlet portion, and a second fluid outlet portion. A first fluid dispenser is in fluid communication with the first outlet portion of the diverter and includes a circular shape with a plurality of dispensing nozzles. A second dispenser is in fluid communication with the second fluid outlet portion of the diverter via an elongated hose. The second dispenser includes a rectangular shape with a plurality of dispensing nozzles. An elongated rod is positioned beneath the first dispenser and the second dispenser is slidingly connected to the rod.

Abstract: A foldable shower head includes a housing, a water valve, and a plurality of water outlet covers. The housing is formed with a diversion passage therein. The water valve is formed with a water outlet passage therein. The water outlet passage is communicated with the diversion passage. The water outlet covers each have a water inlet end pivotally connected to the housing and a water outlet end. The water inlet end of each water outlet cover is provided with a water inlet. The water outlet end of each water outlet cover is provided with a water outlet. The water inlet end of each water outlet cover is linked and connected with the water valve. By folding and unfolding the water outlet covers, the shower head provides different spray modes.