Abstract: A method to determine a fatigue limit for a material. Form a test component including the material. Identify a resonant frequency of the component and an excitation frequency which causes the component to vibrate. Measure a response parameter of the component when excited at the excitation frequency. Test the component to determine its fatigue limit by sub-steps to: apply an excitation force to the component at the excitation frequency to cause vibration of the component; alter the applied excitation force at constant excitation frequency to maintain the response parameter constant; measure at least one of an input parameter and an output parameter; iterate the sub-steps to alter and measure until the first order, second order, or first and second order derivatives of the input parameter and/or output parameter exhibit a discontinuity. Repeat the steps for a different excitation frequency. The fatigue limit for the material includes all the identified discontinuities.

Abstract: A pallet impact station includes a frame, at least one pendulum swing arm rotatably coupled to the frame, and a carriage assembly carried by the at least one pendulum swing arm. A latching mechanism extends between the frame and the at least one pendulum swing arm, and engages the at least one pendulum swing arm when the carriage assembly is in a lowered position, raises the carriage assembly to a raised positon, and disengages the at least one pendulum swing arm at the raised positon so that the carriage assembly strikes a pallet. A sensor generates a signal corresponding to how high the carriage assembly is raised. A controller operates the latching mechanism, including disengaging the at least one pendulum swing arm when a height of the carriage assembly corresponds to a desired release height so that a predetermined impact force strikes the pallet.

Abstract: An air-mass measuring apparatus for a vehicle, that has a support element, an air-mass sensor for providing air-mass data, the air-mass sensor being disposed on the support element, at least one further sensor for providing further sensor data, the at least one further sensor being disposed on the support element, and an evaluation circuit having a first input interface to receive the air-mass data, at least one second input interface to receive the further sensor data and having an output interface, the evaluation circuit being disposed on the support element and being designed to provide the air-mass data and the further sensor data as bundled sensor data via the output interface.

Abstract: A digital hydrometer and methods of digitally displaying a specific gravity measured by a hydrometer are provided. The digital hydrometer can comprise a base, a displacement vessel, an inductive distance sensor, an output circuit, and a hydrometer float. The displacement vessel and inductive distance sensor can be mounted in or on the base. The displacement vessel can hold a displacement fluid. The hydrometer float can float in the displacement fluid. The output circuit can be in electrical communication with the inductive distance sensor and comprise a digital display device configured to display a digital value that is commensurate with a change in impedance attributable to the proximity of a metallic object, in the hydrometer float, to the sensor or its inductor. The digital value can be a specific gravity of the displacement fluid.

Abstract: A method for determining a distribution of events, a method for determining a distribution of particle sizes in a sample of air, and an apparatus for performing the same are provided. The method includes obtaining a measured ensemble property distribution function for one or more events, generating one or more theoretical ensemble property distribution functions based on Poisson statistics using one or more model parameters, and determining an event parameter property distribution function by fitting one or more of the theoretical ensemble property distribution functions to the measured ensemble property distribution function using a forward inversion algorithm.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing of the water permeability of samples of building facades comprising a frame (3) on one side of which a sample of the facade to be tested (2) is fixed, and a grid (5) on which nozzles (1) which spray water on the sample of the facade to be tested (2) are arranged, characterized in that said apparatus is equipped with a movement system (4) of the grid (5) from a working position positioned in front of the facade sample to be tested (2) to a rest position positioned behind the frame (3) on the opposite side to that on which is located the sample (2) and that the grid (5) on which nozzles (1) are set up slides on elements of the frame placed at a predetermined distance from the sample to be tested (2).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions comprising magnetic particles, the methods of using these compositions in processing animal sperm, the resulting sperm and embryo products, and the methods of use of these compositions to increase the efficiency, efficacy and/or speed of cell processing and artificial insemination techniques.

Abstract: A method for identifying a particle contained in a sample, including illuminating the sample using a light source, the light source producing an incident light wave propagating toward the sample, then acquiring, using a matrix-array photodetector, an image of the sample, the sample being placed between the light source and the photodetector such that the matrix-array photodetector is exposed to a light wave that is the result of interference between the incident light wave and a diffraction wave produced by each particle. The method further includes applying a numerical reconstruction algorithm to the image acquired by the photodetector, to estimate a characteristic quantity of the light wave reaching the detector, at a plurality of distances from the detector. The variation in the characteristic quantity as a function of distance allows the particle to be identified.

Abstract: The invention describes a laser sensor module (100) which is adapted to detect or determine at least two different physical parameters by means of self-mixing interference by focusing a laser beam to different positions. Such a laser sensor module (100) may be used as an integrated sensor module, for example, in mobile devices (250). The laser sensor module (100) may be used as an input device and in addition as a sensor for detecting physical parameters in an environment of the mobile communication device (250). One physical parameter in the environment of the mobile communication device (250) may, for example, be the concentration of particles in the air (air pollution, smog . . . ). The invention further describes a related method and computer program product.

Abstract: A flow cell for particle processing such as particle sorting, may be operatively engaged to a particle processing apparatus. The fluid contact surfaces of the flow cell may be fully enclosed. Further, the flow cell may encapsulate all fluid contact surfaces in the particle processing apparatus. The enclosing or encapsulation of the fluid contact surfaces insures, improves or promotes operator isolation and/or product isolation. The flow cell may employ any suitable technique for processing particles. The flow cell may be disposable and suitable for use in droplet sorting. The flow cell may include an operatively sealed sort chamber having a particle stream focusing region, an orifice, an interrogation zone and a sorting region.

Abstract: A MEMS-based particle manipulation system which uses a particle manipulation stage and optical confirmation of the manipulation. The optical confirmation may be camera-based, and may be used to assess the effectiveness or accuracy of the particle manipulation stage. In one exemplary embodiment, the particle manipulation stage is a microfabricated, fluid valve, which sorts a target particle from non-target particles in a fluid stream. The optical confirmation stage is disposed in the microfabricated fluid channels at the input and output of the microfabricated sorting valve. The laser interrogation regions may be used to assess the effectiveness or accuracy of the sorting, and to control or adjust sort parameters during the sorting process.

Abstract: An analytical method and container for measuring the soap content in black liquor. The method includes: a first step where a defined amount of black liquor is arranged in the container, a second step where the black liquor is centrifuged and a soap concentrate is gathered in the upper part of the container, a third step where the amount of soap concentrate is determined, and a fourth step where the soap content is calculated. By centrifuging the black liquor soap concentrated with a soap content of 58-62% is obtained, which enables measurement of the dry matter with an accuracy of ±2% within a very short time period. The container includes a neck with scale marks and a lower part. In one embodiment, the analytical method includes a fifth step where a modification of the calculated soap content is made with consideration to the density of the black liquor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calculating a composition for a preparation for treating hair fibers. The method comprises: obtaining (330) a target specification, wherein the target specification comprises one or more numerical parameters defining a desired appearance of the hair fibers; providing (340) a first computational model that relates a composition of a preparation to a predicted appearance of the hair fibers when treated by that preparation; and calculating (350), using the first computational model and the target specification, a composition for the preparation that is predicted to produce, if the hair fibers are treated with the preparation, an appearance similar or identical to the desired appearance.

Abstract: The invention provides the use of instrumentation and methods for the rapid separation, detection, and identification of chemical compounds by coupling a well-established chromatographic separation science technique, TLC, with mid-infrared (MIR) QCLS for the analysis of explosives, pollutants, and other threat chemicals. The stationary phases were silica gel adhered to metallic aluminum supports. The mobile phases consisted of organic solvents and their mixes. The position and spot diameter of the TNT samples on the plate containing the adsorbent silica film were measured and compared before and after the chromatographic runs. The MIR vibrational identification of TNT was performed through reflectance measurements using a widely tunable three-diode source. The symmetric stretching vibration of the nitro group [?s(NO2)] centered at approximately 1350 cm?1 and the asymmetric stretching vibration of the nitro group [?as(NO2)] at approximately 1530 cm?1 were clearly observed.

Abstract: Spectrophotometer for the characterization of receivers of solar collectors in order to determine optical properties (transmittance and reflectance). The equipment allows the evaluation of a receiver tube in real time and in any kind of light conditions, both inside and outside. The equipment also allows the detection of the eccentricity between the outer tube and the inner tube, which directly influences the reliability of the measurement. The equipment has a mechanical system for allowing a rotation of the equipment around the tube in order to find the optimum measurement position and attach itself to the tube.

Abstract: An appearance inspection apparatus includes a lighting unit, an imaging unit, a memory, an operating unit, a detecting unit, and a determination unit. The lighting unit has a plurality of light sources emitting single-wavelength light with relative spectral distributions different from one another, and substantially simultaneously irradiates a photographic subject with illumination light. The imaging unit captures light discharged by the photographic subject. The memory stores information about sensitivity characteristics of the imaging unit for each color. The operating unit separates an image into a first, a second, and a third image, for each component of the single-wavelength light, using the information. The detecting detects information about a specific area of the photographic subject using the first and the second image. The determination unit extracts an amount of image characteristics corresponding to a characteristic part present in the specific area using the first and the third image.

Abstract: A single Integrated Computational Element (“ICE”) predictive of multiple sample characteristics.

Abstract: A spectral colorimetric apparatus comprises a light source, a spectral element, a light receiving element, a substrate on which the light receiving element is mounted, a housing and a pressing portion. The housing has a first side wall on which the substrate is fixed and a second side wall on which the spectral element is fixed. The pressing portion pinches the spectral element together with the second side wall and presses the spectral element to the second side wall.

Abstract: A process for measuring a size distribution of a plurality of nucleic acid molecules, the process comprising: labeling the nucleic acid molecules with a fluorescent dye comprising a plurality of fluorescent dye molecules to form labeled nucleic acid molecules, such that a number of fluorescent dyes molecules attached to each nucleic acid molecule is reliably proportional to the number of base pairs in the nucleic acid molecule, the fluorescent dye molecules having a first florescence spectrum; producing, by the labeled nucleic acid molecules, the first florescence spectrum in response to irradiating the labeled nucleic acid molecules at the first wavelength; and detecting the first florescence spectrum to measure the size distribution of the plurality of nucleic acid molecules.

Abstract: An NDIR gas sensor has high responsiveness and less noise and includes a radiating section arranged to radiate an infrared ray, a detecting section arranged to detect the infrared ray radiated by the radiating section, and a sample cell extending between the radiating section and the detecting section along a route of the infrared ray and covering the entire circumference of the route of the infrared ray. The sample cell includes a plurality of cell elements extending along the route of the infrared ray. Side portions of the cell elements adjacent to each other overlap at an interval from each other.

Abstract: An imaging apparatus includes a camera with a solid-state sensor and an illumination selector. The illumination selector is arranged for optical coupling with the sensor and arranged for communicating electromagnetic radiation within a shortwave infrared narrowband to the sensor. The shortwave infrared narrowband includes a peak absorption or peak reflection wavelength of moisture to infrared illumination to image moisture disposed within a solar cell array.

Abstract: A method is provided for determining quality of semen of a vertebrate animal. The method includes the following steps: measuring at least one absorption spectrum of a sample of the semen; selecting a number n of wave numbers ?j (j?[1;n]) which are characteristic of the semen of the breed or of the species of the animal; determining from the absorption spectrum or spectra of a value of the absorption Xj and/or a value of the second derivative of the absorption Xj?(j?[1;n]) for each of the n wave numbers ?j (j?[1;n]); and calculating a non-return rate Y at a predefined number of days from the absorption values Xj and/or from the second derivative of the absorption Xj? previously determined.

Abstract: Provided is a Fourier transform-type spectroscopic device capable of improving an acquisition speed of a molecular vibration spectrum. The Fourier transform-type spectroscopic device (1) of the present invention rotates a scanning mirror (26b) by rotation of a rotating shaft (26a) to change a light path length of scanning light and delay or advance the scanning light with respect to reference light in accordance with a rotation angle of the scanning mirror (26b) from an initial position, and is thus capable of moving the scanning mirror (26b) at a high speed as compared with a case where a movable mirror is mechanically moved as in a conventional Fourier transform-type spectroscopic device, thereby improving an acquisition speed of a molecular vibration spectrum.

Abstract: A voltage is applied to a liquid-crystal variable retarder that monotonically changes a retardance and changes a first derivative with respect to time of the retardance of the liquid-crystal variable retarder over a time period. An interferogram of light passing through the liquid-crystal variable retarder is measured during the time period.

Abstract: An analysis chip contains a test reagent retention member and a sensing member. The test reagent retention member has a housing part for housing the sensing member, and an engaging part for engaging the sensing member within the housing part. The sensing member is secured in the housing part by the engaging part, in such a way as to have a certain area of mobility in relation to the housing part.

Abstract: The present invention provides a label-free sensing chip for identifying a chemical substance, comprising: (a) a transparent substrate comprising a base and first periodic ridges; and (b) a metal layer covering said transparent substrate, comprising second periodic ridges and third periodic ridges, in which said second periodic ridges has a height equal to or greater than the height of the first periodic ridges, and each ridge of the second periodic ridges fits into the space between each ridge of the first periodic ridges, and said third periodic ridges correspondingly located on said first periodic ridges. The present invention also provides a method for identifying a chemical substance by using the foresaid label-free sensing chip.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel method to multiplex long lifetime fluorescent dyes using time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) detection. A combination of spectral and temporal differences in fluorescence emission is used to enhance the ability to separate signals in an assay from multiple dyes. Multiplexed TRF detection apparatuses and systems configured for performing all or part of any of the methods disclosed herein are also provided, particularly apparatuses and systems incorporating cartridge-based multi-mode readers.

Abstract: Embodiments of a cell culture monitoring system are disclosed that may include a device having collimating and filtering components to elicit and detect fluorescence from a substrate located within a reaction vessel. The device may be used to detect changes in pH and dissolved oxygen levels in a liquid contained in the reaction vessel due to growth of living cells. Excitation light beams can be generated and collimated by a beam combiner and directed into the reaction vessel so as to be incident upon the substrate to cause the substrate to fluoresce. Some embodiments include use of expected wavelength offsets and shifted filters/mirrors to improve functionality and reduce space of device components.

Abstract: An imaging device is described that uses multiple cameras to image a biological sample on a turntable bathed in white light or fluorescing due to a systemically administered dye. Fluorescence farther away from an excitation light source can be compensated upon determining a 3-D position of portions of the sample. The turntable is turned and tilted in order to take enough images to prepare an animation of the sample. In a graphical user interface, the animation can be stopped, zoomed, and tilted per a user's gesture, touch, tablet-tilting, or other commands. The image manipulation can be with touch gestures entered using a sterilizable or disposable touch pen.

Abstract: Embodiments generally relate to a system for reading fluorescent-labelled diagnostic assays for in-vitro diagnostic applications. The system comprises a receiving member adapted to receive a fluorescent-labelled diagnostic assay cartridge carrying a fluorescent-labelled diagnostic assay; at least one excitation module configured to illuminate the diagnostic assay, when the diagnostic assay cartridge is placed in the receiving member; a camera module for capturing an image of the illuminated diagnostic assay placed in the receiving member; a processor for receiving the captured image from the camera module and determining whether or not a target analyte was present in the diagnostic assay captured by the camera module; and memory storing firmware, the firmware including a brightness compensation module configured to adjust the intensity of an image of a diagnostic cartridge captured by the camera module, in order to emulate a uniform field of illumination over the diagnostic cartridge.

Abstract: The present invention provides for excitable molecules positioned near metallic structures, wherein the metallic structures have a particles size from about 1 nm to 1000 nm and wherein the excitable molecules have fluorescence, phosphorescence or alpha-fluorescence emissions that are altered due to positioning near the metal structures. The emission spectra are distorted on either the blue or red edges in a range from 1 to 10 nm thereby changing the color of emissions. Further, the width of the emission spectrum is modified either by narrowing or broadening depending on the material of the metallic structures and type of excitable molecule.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, the illumination device includes a lighting unit and a control unit. The lighting unit emits light at the intensity to be emitted toward the region to be irradiated in a two-dimensional region of a measurement device. The measurement device acquires optical information and biochemical information and/or electrical information for an object corresponding with positional information. The control unit determines the region to be irradiated and the intensity to be emitted, based on the biochemical or electrical information by the measurement device, the positional information of them, and the threshold conditions predetermined, and controls the irradiation of the lighting unit depending on them.

Abstract: An objective cell is irradiated with laser beam of a predetermined wavelength. Only Stokes light is selected out of detected light including reflected light and scattered light of the laser beam, and a Raman scattering spectrum is obtained by dispersion of the selected Stokes light. A transcriptome of the objective cells is estimated, based on the Raman scattering spectrum. It is preferable to estimate the transcriptome of the objective cells, based on N-dimensional Raman data obtained by dimensional reduction of the Raman scattering spectrum. This configuration only needs to irradiate the objective cell with the laser beam and does not require to destroy the objective cell. As a result, this enables the transcriptome of the cell to be estimated in a short time period without destroying the cell.

Abstract: The present invention relates to: a paper-based surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate comprising metal nanoparticles, which are uniformly distributed and adsorbed on a designed pattern and have a diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm; a point-of-care (POC) diagnostic kit, comprising the paper-based SERS substrate; and a method for preparing the paper-based SERS substrate.

Abstract: A plasma-based detector using optical spectroscopic techniques for analyzing the constituents of gas samples are provided. The detector includes a plasma-generating mechanism and a plasma-localizing mechanism. Electron-injecting electrodes may be provided in the plasma chamber of the detector. A Pressure control mechanism as well as a doping module may optionally be included. In accordance with some implementations, the collection, detection and analysis of light extracted from the plasma may enable one or more of various operation modes, such as an emission mode, an absorption mode, and indirect detection mode or a constant emission mode.

Abstract: Gas detector tube templates are described. Gas detector tubes may be used to determine the concentration of target gases in a sampled gas either visually or electronically. Gas detector tubes for visual reading have the length-of-stain demarcations printed or etched on the transparent tube. However, the demarcations may interfere with electronic reading of gas detector tubes. Embodiments of a gas detector tube template may be used to accurately and reliably read gas detector tubes that do not have concentration demarcations printed on the tube in the working area adjacent to the chemical reagent. The gas detector tube template may have a gas detector tube holder capable of reversibly receiving a gas detector tube and two scale card holders. The gas detector tube template could have a left and right scale holder hingedly connected to the gas detector tube holder. The gas detector tube template may be used with scale cards capable of being, reversibly received in the scale rockets.

Abstract: A method is provided including obtaining an infrared (IR) spectrum of a blood plasma sample by analyzing the blood plasma sample by infrared spectroscopy, and based on the infrared spectrum, generating an output indicative of the presence of a solid tumor or a pre-malignant condition. Other applications are also described.

Abstract: An illumination system, an inspection tool and a method for inspecting an object are disclosed. A configurable area light source is arranged in an illumination optical axis of an illumination beam path, wherein the configurable area light source is configured such that different beam diameters are settable. At least one illumination lens is positioned in the illumination beam path for directing a collimated beam at least onto a field of view on a surface of the object, wherein a value of an angle of incidence of the illumination optical axis of the illumination beam path equals a value of an angle of reflectance of the imaging optical axis of the imaging beam path. The invention allows the combination of the functionality of a wide angle coaxial illumination and a collimated coaxial illumination in one illumination system.

Abstract: In a measurement device, an imaging unit generates a first image and a second image. A subject distance detection unit detects a subject distance. A motion detection unit detects an amount of motion of the imaging unit. A measurement availability determination unit determines whether or not measurement is executable by comparing the amount of motion with an allowable threshold value according to the subject distance. A measurement processing unit executes a measurement process on the basis of the first image and the second image when the measurement availability determination unit determines that the measurement is executable.

Abstract: A defect of a film is accurately inspected. A film inspection device includes: a light-receiving device generating a signal by receiving light which returns via a film after having been applied to the film, the signal being for detecting a defect included in the film; and a reflecting roller carrying the film while supporting the film from a side opposite to the light-receiving device in a field of view of the light-receiving device.

Abstract: An apparatus for making artificial atmospheric environment and analysis system for dust-blocking of cosmetics using the same, and the apparatus for making artificial atmospheric environment includes a chamber in which fine dust is made; a wind generation unit including a plurality of driving fans disposed inside the chamber having different angles, the wind generation unit moving supplied dust inside the chamber so that the dust is distributed as actual atmospheric environment in the same or similar manner; and a dust supply unit which is provided integrally with or separately from the chamber to supply fine dust to the chamber, and the analysis system for dust blocking of cosmetics using the apparatus for making artificial atmospheric environment.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving results of wafer higher order shape (HOS) characterization and wafer classification are disclosed. The systems and methods in accordance with the present disclosure are based on localized shapes. A wafer map is partitioned into a plurality of measurement sites to improve the completeness of wafer shape representation. Various site based HOS metric values may be calculated for wafer characterization and/or classification purposes, and may also be utilized as control input for a downstream application. In addition, polar grid partitioning schemes are provided. Such polar grid partitioning schemes may be utilized to partition a wafer surface into measurement sites having uniform site areas while providing good wafer edge region coverage.

Abstract: A detection system (S) for detecting and determining an integrity of pharmaceutical/parapharmaceutical articles includes a conveyor device (1), for conveying and advancing articles having an advancement section (10) along which the articles are advanced on a flat plane, in a line one after another in an advancement direction (A). The system (S) has a processor (E) for data processing; at least one color matrix video camera (2) for acquiring images of the articles advancing along the advancement section, a laser projector (P) able to emit and project a laser beam (L) so that the laser beam (L) crosses the advancement section (10) and a high-speed linear three-dimensional video camera (3) for acquiring the images of the cut profiles of the articles crossing the laser beam.

Abstract: A damaged applicator identifier system for an additive manufacturing (AM) system, and AM system including the same are disclosed. The damaged applicator identifier system may include a damaged applicator identifier determining whether the active applicator is damaged by identifying a non-planar surface in a layer of raw material on a build platform of the AM system after formation of the layer by the active applicator. A damaged applicator controller is configured to cause replacement or repair of the damaged, active applicator in response to the damaged applicator identifier identifying the damaged, active applicator.

Abstract: A substrate inspection device for inspecting a flexible printed board to determine whether the transparent adhesive material is properly applied thereto comprises: a substrate reading device which irradiates the flexible printed board with visible light to acquire image data; an adhesive material position determination unit which determines a position of adhesive material CAD data corresponding to the transparent adhesive material with respect to blue color image data among the image data corresponding to blue light which is readily absorbed by polyimide, to create adhesive material alignment data in which the adhesive material CAD data is superposed; an edge enhancing unit which performs processing, on the blue color image data, to enhance an edge of the transparent adhesive material; and a straight line determination unit which determines whether the edge of the transparent adhesive material is present in edge enhanced data in which the edge of the transparent adhesive material is enhanced.

Abstract: A method for measuring the moisture content, the length and at least one dynamometric characteristic of textile fibers, includes pressing a layer of textile fibers between a pair of plates parallel to one another, withdrawing a line of textile fibers from said layer thus pressed and making the textile fibers of said line substantially coplanar and parallel to one another, bringing said line of textile fibers to a measuring area at which at least to perform one measuring step, moving the textile fibers away from the measuring area after having performed the at least one measuring step and measuring the moisture content of the textile fibers by means of microwave sensors.

Abstract: An X-ray transmission inspection apparatus capable of easily performing the adjustment by a standard sample is provided. The apparatus is provided with an X-ray source; an X-ray detector; a standard sample moving mechanism configured to move a standard sample placed in a different position from that of a sample; and an arrangement changing mechanism configured to be in a such a manner that the X-ray source and the X-ray detector, and the sample and the standard sample are movable relative to each other, and configured to change an arrangement state from one arrangement state in which the X-ray source and the X-ray detector face the sample to the other arrangement state in which the X-ray source and the X-ray detector face the standard sample that is moved by the standard sample moving mechanism.

Abstract: Systems and methods for liquid detection are disclosed. An illustrative method for liquid detection herein may include implementing CT imaging and XRD imaging on one or more liquid planes of liquid contained in a container at once by rotating the container so that X-rays from a same radiation source scan a whole area of each of the one or more liquid planes, and generating a substance identification result for the liquid contained in the container based on a CT image and a XRD image, wherein the CT imaging and the XRD imaging are implemented on a same liquid plane or different liquid planes. Consistent with various aspects and features, implementations may identify substances contained in the liquid more quickly and accurately.

Abstract: Nano-level evaluation of kerogen-rich reservoir rock is described. A nano-scale beam is formed from kerogen-rich reservoir rock. The nano-scale beam includes reservoir rock and kerogen having polymeric properties. A mechanical experiment is performed on the nano-scale beam. The mechanical experiment is imaged using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electron microscope (TEM). A material parameter of the kerogen in the nano-scale beam is determined based on the mechanical experiment and images obtained responsive to the imaging.

Abstract: A magnetism measuring device includes a light source unit, a diamond crystal and an image sensor. The light source unit irradiates the diamond crystal with an excitation light, and irradiates the image sensor with a fluorescent light generated by the diamond crystal. The diamond crystal includes a plurality of nitrogen-vacancy pairs. The image sensor detects an intensity of the fluorescent light, which is generated from the diamond crystal, by a plurality of pixels. The image sensor and the light source unit are disposed so as to be contained within a projection area of the diamond crystal.