Abstract: In an accessory mount mechanism being releasably and adjustably assembled to the accessory mount rail of a firearm a lever-actuated clamping mechanism employs an upwardly facing clamping force adjustment member that is manually adjustable by the firearm user without the use of tools of any kind. A locking lever is pivotally mounted to a lateral platform of a mount base by means of an integral spindle shaft that projects upwardly from a cam plate that is fixed to the locking lever. The spindle shaft defines a non-circular section that is engaged by a corresponding non-circular drive receptacle of a drive washer member that is urged upwardly within an insert member of the mount base by a spring member. A manually actuated adjustment member is threaded to the spindle shaft and faces upwardly for ease of visual location and manual rotation by the user of the firearm.

Abstract: The present invention provides a mobile device holder, which relates to the technical field of holder device designs. Gravitational mobile phone holders in the prior art are easy to loosen and the mobile phones are easy to fall off the holders when bouncing up. The holder according to the present invention includes a clamping arm, a lower supporting arm and a link mechanism. The link mechanism links the clamping arm and the lower support arm in a rotatable manner. The mobile device holder further comprises a lock mechanism, which acts on the link mechanism and causes the link mechanism to enable one-way linkage. On the basis of current gravitational device holders, the present invention is provided with a lock mechanism which causes the link mechanism to enable one-way linkage, so that the link mechanism can rotate only in the direction that the clamping arm clamps the mobile phone.

Abstract: An interchangeable self-defense device has two self-defense devices and two modular housings, the two self-defense devices are respectively mounted in the two modular housings, and each one of the two modular housings has a mounting structure formed on a side surface of the housing. The two mounting structures of the two modular housings can detachably interlock with each other. With the interchangeable self-defense device, the user may conveniently hold the two self-defense devices together as one piece, and also can quickly switch functions from one self-defense device to another: therefore the user may optimize the defensive strategy to cope with different situations.

Abstract: A clasp for connecting sealing parts of a heating vessel and a main body of a heating container, having a clasp body and an “8” shaped base. The clasp body has a diamond shape and is made to be elastic so that the clasp can firmly connect with the heating vessel. The “8” shape of the base is non-closed and is a non-planar structure.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an expansion connector for connecting square tubes comprising a base and a square column movably connected to the base. The square column is movable relatively to an end of the base. A first expansion piece and a second expansion piece are sleeved on the square column. The first expansion piece has a first insertion groove on a side. The first expansion piece has a first insertion piece on one end. The first insertion piece has a first bending portion which is in contact with the square column. The second expansion piece has a second insertion groove on a side. The second expansion piece has a second insertion piece on one end. The second insertion piece has a second bending portion which is in contact with the square column.

Abstract: A tension rod has end caps that are configured such that the end caps expand when downward pressure is applied to the rod whereby enhanced tension is generated resulting in the tension rod being securely attached to the support structure, such as opposing walls.

Abstract: A method for producing and installing a fastener, including the steps of forming an engaging portion having a projecting stem which is interiorly hollowed over at least an intermediate extending range, the stem including a solid end most extending portion, and forming a receiving portion having a surface, within which is configured an inner rim defined edge, a diameter of an aperture between said rim edge being less than a diameter of the stem. Additional steps include pressing the solid end most extending portion of the engaging portion through the inner rim edge of the receiving portion and aligning with the inner rim edge a location of the interiorly hollowed portion of the stem, causing inward collapsing of the aligned location by the rim edge to secure the engaging portion to the receiving portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fastener that includes a nut with a threaded bore that includes a head on one end having three recesses, a cylindrical outer surface and a tapered ramp on the other end, a bolt that includes a head, a threaded portion engaged with the threaded bore, a recess next to the bolt head and an enlarged shank between the threads and the recess, where the outer diameter of the recess is smaller than a major diameter of the threaded bore of the nut and where an outer diameter of the shank is larger than a major diameter of the bolt threads, and a sleeve with a unthreaded bore positioned between the tapered ramp and the bolt head with one end crimped into the recess such that the internal diameter of the crimped sleeve bore is smaller than the major diameter of the threads on the bolt.

Abstract: Disclosed is a locking device, comprising an outer sleeve (1) and at least one locking unit (2) located in the outer sleeve (1), wherein the locking unit (2) is formed by connecting a plurality of pressing blocks (3), a gap (5) is provided between two adjacent ones of pressing blocks (3), a rod locking hole (6) is provided in the gap (5), and a set screw hole (7) is provided on the outer sleeve (1) at a position corresponding to the locking unit (2); and when a set screw is screwed into the set screw hole (7) to directly or indirectly press the locking unit (2), the locking unit (2) deforms and drives the pressing blocks (3) to tightly press rods (8, 9) mounted in the respective rod locking holes (6) at the same time.

Abstract: A screw with an asymmetrical thread for securing wooden members together is disclosed. The screw includes a shaft with a head at one end and a tip at the other end. A continuous asymmetrical thread extends along the shaft. The asymmetrical thread has a front surface facing the tip and a rear surface facing the head, the front and rear surfaces each having an angle relative to a plane normal to the shaft. The asymmetrical thread has a first section and a second section. The portion of asymmetrical thread in the first section has front and rear surfaces of first angles with respect to the plane normal to the shaft. The portion of asymmetrical thread in the second section has front and rear surfaces of second angles different than the first angles. The asymmetrical thread includes a transition portion between the first and second sections.

Abstract: The threaded fastener has a head end, a far end and a hollow core between the head end and the far end. A reference rod is mounted inside the hollow core. The reference rod has an anchor end attached to the far end of the threaded fastener and a free end extending in the head end. A flexible contact element is attached to the free end of the reference rod and is movable in the head end of the threaded fastener along a displacement path upon elongation and relaxation of the threaded fastener. Switch elements are mounted in the head end of the threaded fastener along the aforesaid displacement path of the flexible contact element. The switch elements are making calibrated contact with the flexible contact element upon a movement of the flexible contact element during a movement of the flexible contact element along its displacement path.

Abstract: Provided is an insert member for an open end wheel nut, which is capable of improving the workability of dressing up the car in the case of mounting a wheel using the open end wheel nuts. An insert member 1 for an open end wheel nut includes a shaft body 2 provided on an outer periphery thereof with a male thread 2a to be screwed on a female thread portion 10a of an open end wheel nut 10 from one end thereof. The shaft body 2 includes: a hexagonal hole 5 provided at an opening on the one end of the open end wheel nut 10; and a recess 2b provided at an opening on the other end of the open end wheel nut 10. A spring 3 that urges the shaft body 2 in an axial direction thereof is provided in the recess 2b.

Abstract: A glide accessory for coupling to an upper hook portion of a hook that is configured to be hung on a support rod. The glide accessory comprises an arcuate shaped body having a bottom surface and an opposing top surface. The bottom surface is a smooth surface and an arcuate shaped channel is formed in the arcuate shaped body and is open along the top surface and open at first and second ends of the arcuate shaped body. The glide accessory mates with the upper hook portion by receiving the bottom surface of the upper hook portion into the arcuate shaped channel.

Abstract: A consumer product or toy suction cup ensemble includes a housing, a suction cup formation, and a relief valve formation. A collar element may be included in certain embodiments. The housing includes a stem-letting aperture. The suction cup formation includes a collapsible cup portion and a stem portion. The stem portion includes a valve-letting passage. The stem-letting aperture receives the stem section. The relief valve formation includes a valve stem and a valve upper portion. The valve stem includes opposed valve stem grooves that extend from a valve stem end and have a groove length lesser than the valve stem thereby forming a valve-sealing portion. The valve stem is receivable in the valve-letting passage. The collar element of certain embodiments includes an outer collar periphery and an inner slot portion. The inner slot portion accepts the collar-receiving stem section and the outer collar periphery is wider than stem-letting aperture.

Abstract: A method produces a connecting rod from a sintered material, which rod has at least one bore having a center axis, and has a first connecting rod eye in a connecting rod head, and a second connecting rod eye in a connecting rod foot, wherein the connecting rod head is connected with the connecting rod foot with a connecting rod shaft, wherein the bore is configured in the connecting rod shaft, wherein furthermore, the connecting rod is produced from a metallic powder, in accordance with a sintering process, for which purpose the powder is pressed into the corresponding mold to form a green compact, the bore is introduced into the green compact, and the green compact is afterward sintered. The bore is introduced into the green compact as a first and second partial bore, proceeding from the connecting rod foot and from the connecting rod head.

Abstract: A main bearing for a journal portion of a crankshaft includes a pair of upper and lower half bearings combined with each other to form a cylindrical shape. Only the upper half bearing includes an oil groove formed on its inner peripheral surface to extend in a circumferential direction, an oil hole piercing from the oil groove to an outer peripheral surface of the upper half bearing, and a plurality of axial grooves formed on its inner peripheral surface to extend in an axial direction so as to intersect with the oil groove. A groove depth D2 of the axial groove is not more than 10% of a groove depth D1 of the oil groove, and an axial length L2 of the axial groove is not less than 70% of an axial length L1 of the upper half bearing.

Abstract: A locking connector assembly includes a first connection member and a second connection member each having a channel. The first connection member has an upper retaining arm and a lower retaining arm. A longitudinal passage is defined between the upper and lower retaining arms, a tab includes a pull beam extending outwardly and linearly beyond the upper and lower retaining arms, and a gap is formed in an upper free end of the upper retaining arm and a lower free end of the lower retaining arm. The second connection member includes at least two insert members configured to be received within the longitudinal passage of the first connection member. The at least two insert members are configured to be engaged and moved to connect the first connection member to the second connection member in a connected state.

Abstract: A coupling (1) for connecting a linear drive (2) to a linearly guided slide element (3) having a coupling center piece (4), a ball joint (5) and a sliding joint (6). The ball joint (5) and the sliding joint (6) are arranged on opposite sides of the coupling (1). The ball joint (5) has a joint head (7) and a joint head socket (8), and the sliding joint (6) has a joint head (9) and a joint head socket (10). The joint head socket (8) of the ball joint (5) and/or the joint head socket (10) of the sliding joint (6) has/have a socket space (11, 12) which is open, at least on one side, perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis (L) of the coupling (1).

Abstract: A layer is provided for a thrust bushing, for example a torque converter thrust bushing. A phenolic resin is bonded directly to a bearing surface of a rotating component to form the layer without any substrate.

Abstract: A ball bearing control assembly includes a cylindrical flexible sheath. A pair of stationary races defines a first raceway. A force transmission member defines a second raceway on opposing sides. Rolling members have a center point and are in rolling contact with the first and the second raceways as the force transmission member translates axially within the sheath. A ball guide interacts with the rolling members to constrain the majority of the rolling member. In one example, the ball guide interacts with the rolling members at two locations on each axial side of the rolling members. The two locations are positioned at different distances from the second raceway. The stationary races are located between the ball guide and the flexible sheath, and the ball guide is located between the stationary races and the force transmission member. Other examples can include two ball guides.

Abstract: Raw material powder containing metal powder as a main component is molded to form a metal powder molded body (3?), and the metal powder molded body (3?) is sintered to form a metal substrate (3). Further, a lubricating member (4) is made of an aggregate of graphite particles (13), and at least a part of a bearing surface (11) is formed of the lubricating member (4). The lubricating member (4) is fitted into the metal powder molded body (3?). After that, the metal powder molded body (3?) is sintered, and at this time, the lubricating member (4) is fixed onto the metal substrate (3) with a contraction force (F) generated in the metal powder molded body (3?).

Abstract: A retainer of an outer ring guide type, includes a retainer guide surface, a relief surface (edge relief groove), and an axial groove. The retainer guide surface is provided on at least one axial end portion of a retainer outer diameter surface and is guided by the outer ring. The relief surface is formed on the retainer outer diameter surface along a circumferential direction, located on an axial center side with respect to the retainer guide surface, and has an outer diameter smaller than that of the retainer guide surface. The axial groove extends from the pockets to an axial end on the retainer outer diameter surface, forms an axial step portion by axially traversing the retainer guide surface, and has a groove bottom on a radial inner side with respect to the relief surface.

Abstract: A rolling-sliding member that is high in hardness and continues to have a passivation film reliably even after being subjected to a process that does not require any processing for removal of scale etc., as well as a rolling bearing using the same and a method for manufacturing the rolling-sliding member.

Abstract: A cylindrical roller bearing installation tool is provided. The cylindrical roller bearing has a plurality of rollers. The installation tool includes a ring-shaped body and a plurality of alignment projections. The ring-shaped body has a circumference and an inner bore. The plurality of alignment projections extend substantially axially outwardly from the body, and are distributed around the circumference of the ring-shaped body. Each alignment projection has at least one roller engagement surface. Each of the alignment projections is uniformly spaced around the circumference of the ring-shaped body.

Abstract: A turbofan engine driveshaft comprises, in axial sequence along an axial centreline, a driving portion, and a driven portion. The driving portion has a first end and a second end. The second end of driving portion is connected to the driven portion. The driven portion comprises an annular drum having a radially inwardly facing surface, with the annular drum having a stiffener attached to the radially inwardly facing surface. The driveshaft is supported radially by a bearing assembly at the connection between the driving portion and the driven portion. The driving portion is configured to accommodate a predetermined range of movement of the outer end relative to the inner end.

Abstract: The vehicle drive device includes the clutch being provided between the speed reducing mechanism and the differential device, and configured to be rotated integrally with the differential device, and moved in the rotation axis direction to engage with or release from the speed reducing mechanism, and the solenoid pin capable of contacting with and separating from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch, the guide groove is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the clutch so as to intersect in the rotation direction of the clutch, and the solenoid pin contacts the guide groove to thereby move the clutch.

Abstract: A clutched device can include a differential, a clutch, and a gate. The differential can transmit torque between an input member and first and second output members. A housing can define a sump and a reservoir spaced apart from the sump. A first aperture open to the sump and reservoir can be above a static fluid level of the sump. A second aperture can couple the sump and reservoir below the static fluid level. An outer clutch plate carrier can rotate through the sump and sling fluid through the first aperture. The outer carrier can be coupled for rotation with the second output member and an inner clutch plate carrier can be coupled to a third output member. The gate can be movable between first and second positions. In the first position the gate can block the second aperture. In the second position the second aperture can be open.

Abstract: An electric lock includes a cover, a clutch rod, a driving module, a clutch member and a handle. The clutch rod is movably connected to a latch. The driving module is disposed on the cover. The driving module includes a driving member abutting against and rotatable relative to the cover, and a motor configured to drive the driving member to rotate. The handle is connected to the clutch member. Wherein, when the motor drives the driving member to rotate relative to the cover along a first rotating direction, the driving member drives the clutch rod to move toward the handle to be engaged with the clutch member for allowing the handle to drive the latch to move through the clutch rod when the handle is rotated.

Abstract: A controllable powertrain input module, placed between an input torque source and an automated ratio changing device, all of which is controlled by a powertrain control module PCM to optimize efficiency while satisfying an infinite number of input and output applications scenarios.

Abstract: A secondary drive unit (SDU) for the secondary axis of an all wheel drive vehicle consists of an SDU housing defining a first section for receiving a main shaft which is connected to a drive source and a second section for enclosing a twin clutch assembly. The twin clutch assembly has a common clutch housing connected to the main shaft, a left clutch for selectively connecting a left output shaft and the clutch housing, a right clutch for selectively connecting a right output shaft and the clutch housing, and a rigid center plate separating the left and right clutches. The twin clutch assembly may be activated by a dual action piston assembly to decrease all wheel drive synchronization and connection response times.

Abstract: A double-ratchet type one-way clutch, in which pawls do not knock the surfaces of ratchets when the double-ratchet type one-way clutch rotates in an idling direction, mainly comprises: a driving ratchet, a driven ratchet set, a pawl set, and rolling bearings. The pawl set comprises: a pawl base cover, a plurality of pawls, and a plurality of elastic elements. The driven ratchet set comprises: a ratchet of the driven ratchet set, balls, a ball cage, and a driven ratchet set supporting ring. When the double-ratchet type one-way clutch rotates in the idling direction, the driving ratchet firstly rotates relative to the ratchet of the driven ratchet set. After a top tooth surface of the ratchet of the driven ratchet set and a top tooth surface of the driving ratchet are complementary in an axial direction, the driving ratchet drives the ratchet of the driven ratchet set to rotate together.

Abstract: A controller according to an embodiment that controls a control object by driving a motor includes an estimation unit and a switching unit. The estimation unit estimates a load of the control object on the basis of a value of a current applied to the motor. The switching unit switches control contents between learning control in which learning is performed on the basis of the load estimation and normal control other than the learning control. The control contents in the learning control cause the current fluctuation in the learning control to be further reduced than that in the normal control using other control contents.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out a starting operation of a motor vehicle having a gear train that includes a dual clutch transmission with a first clutch that carries the odd-numbered gears, and a second clutch that carries the even-numbered gears, wherein the second clutch of the dual clutch transmission is used, at least in part, for preloading the gear train.

Abstract: Various embodiments of aircraft brake assembly structures are provided for achieving noise reduction during braking activity. In certain embodiments of the invention, the actual application of force to the pressure plate is regulated such that a different number of actuator pistons are used during low-energy stops than during high-energy stops. In other embodiments of the invention, the pressure plate or endplate is augmented as to surface area in some instances and as to a taper angle in others, again to achieve a desired increase in effective pressure application during low-energy stops. In other embodiments of the invention, the stator and/or rotor disks are characterized by slots to break up the propagation of noise waves.

Abstract: A disc brake assembly for a wheel of a transportation vehicle having a brake disc and a brake caliper support for holding a brake caliper with friction brake pads. To reliably reduce corrosion of the brake disc, a bimetallic plate is provided on the disc brake assembly, wherein a sacrificial anode is secured on the bimetallic plate. The bimetallic plate adopts at least two positions, depending on the temperature of the bimetallic plate. In the first position, the sacrificial anode rests at least partially against the brake disc and, in the second position, the sacrificial anode is at a distance from the brake disc.

Abstract: A brake clip is described. The brake clip can include a U-shaped body; a clip channel; and a return spring, wherein the clip channel is defined by: a clip base comprising a stop tab; a pad tensioner; and the channel side tab; wherein, the clip base is connected to the pad tensioner and the channel side tab to form a channel; the return spring is connected to the clip channel at a rotor side edge of the clip channel and extends over the clip base; the clip channel is configured to fit into a channel on the brake pad carrier and to receive a brake pad; and the stop tab extends into the clip channel and is configured to press on a brake pad backing plate when a portion of the brake pad backing plate is located in the clip channel.

Abstract: A power-off emergency braking system, or parking brake system is presented in which, at each power-up, energy is stored in the structure of the brake so as to ensure the power-off application of the brake and the holding of same in the event of an interruption to the power supply of the device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a disc brake having a brake actuation mechanism, the components of which are mounted in functional cooperation in the brake caliper by means of a rod, in which a brake lever is configured so that the clamping force from the actuator is substantially directed radially to the axis of the brake disc upon brake actuation, and in which the brake lever is further configured to be mounted at different angular positions around the axis of the rod.

Abstract: A disc brake including a piston driving mechanism. The piston driving mechanism includes an input member extended in a cylinder in a protruding direction of a piston, including a threaded portion formed on a circumferential surface of the input member, and configured to be rotated with transmission of torque from an electric motor; a tubular rotation linear motion member including an engaging threaded portion that is engaged with the threaded portion of the input member, and configured to move in an axial direction of the cylinder by rotation of the input member to transmit a torque of the electric motor to the piston; a tubular support member supported on a caliper main body to be not rotatable and placed on an outer side in a radial direction with respect to the rotation linear motion member; and a rolling element placed between the support member and the rotation linear motion member.

Abstract: An apparatus for indicating air disc brake pad wear includes a housing having a proximate end and a distal end; wherein a first opening is located at the proximate end. The housing receives a first rigid member having a proximate end and a distal end and partially contained in the housing, the first rigid member distal end extending from the distal end of the housing and configured to attach to an associated inboard disk brake pad assembly. The first rigid member moves linearly in response to the movement of the associated disc brake pad such that the proximate end of the first rigid member as seen through the first opening recedes as the associated disc brake pad wears. The housing may also receive a second rigid member configured to attach to a carrier of the air disc brake assembly for determining wear on an outboard disc brake pad.

Abstract: Various braking devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the braking device includes a support element, a block of friction material supported by the support element, at least one piezoceramic sensor supported by the support element and interposed between the block of friction material (and the support element, and a protective element located at the piezoceramic sensor and embedding the latter. The protective element can have one or more layers of resin-based material applied to protect the piezoceramic sensor and direct a predetermined part of the external compression force onto an area of the support element surrounding the piezoceramic sensor. In some embodiments, a signal transduction device is provided and includes at least one piezoceramic sensor supported on a support element and has an integral protective coating having properties of mechanical and temperature resistance.

Abstract: A present wet friction body includes a core plate, a plurality of friction parts disposed on a main surface thereof in a ring shape at intervals, a plurality of oil grooves defined by the corresponding friction parts. The friction parts include first to third friction parts in which forms of the pair of sidewalls are different each other. The first friction part includes a left sidewall inclining to the right and a right sidewall inclining to the left, with respect to an imaginary line segment, and an outer peripheral wall having a length less than a length of an inner peripheral wall. The second friction part includes a pair of sidewalls, both inclining to the right with respect to an imaginary line segment. The third friction part includes a pair of sidewalls, both inclining to the left with respect to an imaginary line segment.

Abstract: The present application relates to a frictional damper, a frictional damper assembly and method for installing the frictional damper. The frictional damper comprises a split ring; and a disk spring positioned against the split ring and tensioned by the split ring in an installed state.

Abstract: A damper includes a piston provided with a rod, and a housing storing the piston, and generates a braking force by an operation of the piston. The piston includes a seal member relative to an inner wall of the housing; and a slider contacting the inner wall of the housing with a predetermined frictional force. When the braking force is generated, the slider presses against the seal member, and a portion contacting the inner wall of the housing in the seal member deforms toward an outside of the housing. At an inner side of the portion contacting the inner wall of the housing in the seal member, a deformation control portion is provided, which suppresses the seal member from deforming toward an inside of the housing.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an ultra-low frequency (ULF) tuned liquid mass damper, and relates to the technical field of bridge vibration control. The tuned damper includes a damping box which is provided with a spring set secured at one end to the damping box, the other end connected with a mass block. The damping box is filled with damping liquid, and the mass block is completely immersed or partially immersed in the damping liquid. The damping ratio of the ULF tuned liquid mass damper ranges from 3% to 35%, and the inherent frequency 0.05 to 0.5 Hz. The ULF tuned liquid mass damper, according to the present invention, can fully utilize the additional mass of the damping liquid, and with the buoyancy effect of the liquid, maintain the frequency of structural vibration below 0.

Abstract: An air spring having an airsleeve, wherein at least one layer of said airsleeve includes the vulcanization product of a composition that includes at least one vulcanizable polymer, a curative, at least one halogenated hydrocarbon wax, and expandable graphite.

Abstract: A damping valve for a vibration damper includes a damping valve body with at least one passage, the outlet side of which is covered at least partially by at least one valve disk. When there is flow impinging via the passage, the at least one valve disk lifts up from a valve seat surface and a supporting disk, as a stop, limits the lift-off movement. The supporting disk is outfitted in direction of the valve disk with an elastomer support that is formed by a plurality of individual supporting elements. Between the at least one valve disk and the supporting disk there is a spacer disk moveably supported relative to the supporting disk that determines the lift-off movement characteristic of the valve disk.

Abstract: A damper of shock and vibration. In one embodiment there is a hydraulic damper with a regressive damping characteristic in both compression and extension, such that damping forces decrease with increased stroking velocity within a predetermined range of stroking velocity. Outside of this range, damping forces are progressive, such that the damping force increases with increased stroking velocity. In another embodiment, there is a hydraulic damper with a second, slidable piston within one of the internal chambers defined by the main piston. This secondary piston is spring loaded and hydraulically latchable at either a first position or a second position based on the pressure differential across the main piston.

Abstract: A frequency-dependent damping valve arrangement of a vibration damper having a damping piston with at least one check valve, a control arrangement arranged coaxial to the damping piston including a control pot with a pot wall and a control piston axially displaceably arranged in the control pot that axially limits a control space. The control piston has a seal arrangement that seals the control piston relative to the pot wall including a circumferential groove formed at the control piston and a seal ring arranged therein. The seal arrangement is constructed such that this seal arrangement increases its sealing effect with rising damping medium pressure in the control space and reduces its sealing effect with falling damping medium pressure in the control space.

Abstract: An air spring for use in an axle/suspension system of a heavy-duty vehicle includes a bellows and a piston. The bellows includes a bellows chamber. The piston includes a top portion, a bottom portion and a support stud. The support stud includes a first end and a second end, the first end of the support stud is secured to the top portion or the bottom portion of the piston, the support stud extending between the top portion and the bottom portion of the piston.