Abstract: A metal-powder and/or ceramic-powder press device includes at least one first punch (11) which, in a pressing position, is arranged to pass from a first side into a die opening, filled with ceramic and/or metal powder, of a die (13). At least one second punch (12), in the pressing position, is arranged to pass from a second side into the die opening, filled with ceramic and/or metal powder, of the die (13). A position measuring device determines a position of the first punch (11) and includes a first measuring element (16) and a second measuring element (19). The first measuring element (16) is connectable to the first punch (11) and the second measuring element (19) is connectable to the second punch (12), such that a relative position of the measuring elements to one another changes during the pressing operation. A sensor device determines the change in the relative position.

Abstract: Described is a build chamber that comprises a telescopic build tank operatively connected at opposing ends to a powder table and a build table, the telescopic build tank comprising at least two segments telescopically coupled relative to one another, each of the at least two segments comprising a set of engagement grooves located on an interior surface of the at least two segments and a set of engagement pins located on an exterior surface of the at least two segments. The set of engagement pins is configured to engage with and travel along a corresponding set of engagement grooves of another of the at least two segments, and each engagement groove comprises a first axially extending channel positioned along a single axis and having at least one closed end, the at least one closed end being configured to impede separation of the at least two segments relative to one another.

Abstract: Described is a build chamber (1) for an additive manufacturing apparatus (100) for forming a three-dimensional article layer by layer from a powder. The build chamber (1) comprising a build chamber base body (2) and said build chamber base body (2) is formed by at least two segments (4) telescopically coupled together.

Abstract: An apparatus including a process chamber accommodating a carrier for receiving a raw material powder. An irradiation device of the apparatus is configured to selectively irradiate electromagnetic or particle radiation onto the raw material powder on the carrier in order to produce a work piece by an additive layer construction method, wherein a transmission element allows the transmission of the electromagnetic or particle radiation into the process chamber. The apparatus further includes a gas inlet and a gas outlet for supplying and discharging gas to and from the process chamber which are configured to generate a protective gas stream for protecting the transmission element from being contaminated by impurities present in the process chamber. The gas inlet includes a gas permeable, porous component forming a gas inlet area.

Abstract: A stacking die comprises a stacked multiple stacking plates and a side plate(s) which fixes the multiple stacking plates in a stacked state, wherein at least one or more processing object(s) is retained in a space(s) formed between the multiple stacking plates. Further, surfaces where the stacking plates and the side plate(s) abut each other are preferably tapered so that they form tapered shapes in a direction opposite to the approach direction of the side plate(s).

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for densification of a green part composed of metal powders held by a binder under a controlled atmosphere with microwave energy. In particular embodiments, the microwave densification can occur in a continuous, uninterrupted sequence, including the steps of thermal debinding, sintering and infiltration with a secondary infiltrant metal powder. In specific embodiments, the secondary infiltrant metal powder has a lower melting temperature than the metal powders in the green part, and the powder size ratio between the metal powders in the green part and the secondary infiltrant metal powder is selected such that the heating rates of the powders under microwave energy are approximately equalized.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for producing a component, in particular a vehicle component or an engine component, such as a piston of an internal combustion engine. The method comprises forming a first body region, in particular by means of casting or forging. The method includes forming a second body region, which is connected to the first body region, from an aluminium alloy or an iron-based alloy or a copper-based alloy by means of an additive manufacturing method. The second body region is alloyed in such a manner that it has higher thermal stability, higher mechanical strength or higher wear resistance upon tribological stressing than the first body region.

Abstract: The invention discloses a wheel machining tool. A rough turning tool and a finish turning tool are respectively arranged on two sides of a tool head, the primary declination angle ? of the rough turning tool is set to 90° to 120°, and the primary declination angle ? of the finish turning tool is set to 85° to 95°; the axial height difference between the rough turning tool and the finish turning tool is set to 0.2-0.5 mm; the distance c between the rough turning tool and the tool head is set to 5-8 mm, and the distance b between the finish turning tool and the tool head is set to 3-5 mm. The rake angle ? of the rough turning tool is set to 12°-15°, the rake angle ? of the finish turning tool is set to 14°-17°.

Abstract: A coated cutting tool comprising a substrate and a coating layer formed on a surface of the substrate, wherein: the coating layer comprises at least one ?-type aluminum oxide layer; and, in the ?-type aluminum oxide layer, a texture coefficient TC (0,0,12) of a (0,0,12) plane is from 4.0 or more to 8.4 or less, and a texture coefficient TC (1,1,9) of a (1,1,9) plane is from 0.5 or more to 3.0 or less.

Abstract: A cutting insert according includes a first surface and a cutting edge. The first surface includes a first inclined surface and a projection. The first inclined surface includes a first region located close to a first corner portion, a second region located close to a second corner portion, and a third region located between the first region and the second region. The projection includes a first projection located close to the first corner portion and a second projection located close to the second corner portion. A first top portion of the first projection is located closer to the first corner portion than a first boundary portion between the first region and the third region, and a second top portion of the second projection is located closer to the second corner portion than a second boundary portion between the second region and the third region.

Abstract: A cutting insert has a cutting portion corner formed at the intersection of a rake surface, a forward cutting portion surface and a relief surface. A cutting edge is formed at an intersection of the rake surface and the relief surface with a land that is located on the rake surface and that extends along, and negatively away from, the cutting edge. A chip-control arrangement is located at the rake surface and includes an elongated projection and plurality of spaced apart elongated protuberances that extend from the projection to the cutting edge, so that the land has a plurality of spaced apart bulging land portions. A non-rotary cutting tool has an insert holder having an insert pocket and the cutting insert releasably retained therein.

Abstract: The pneumatic drill has member defining an air input and an air output and a housing defining an internal cylindrical chamber having bearing surfaces having a through axis. A driven shaft is coupled to the tool engaging chuck that defines a plurality of longitudinal slots. The driven shaft is disposed within the chamber and has a longitudinal axis offset from the through axis. A plurality of vanes each being partially formed of graphite that are individually disposed within one of the plurality's of longitudinal slots. Two of the vanes, the housing, and the driven shaft define a moving compression chamber.

Abstract: Drills and methods of removing material using drills are disclosed. Drills may include a plurality of lands that extend to a cutting edge, where adjacent lands are separated by flutes comprising a base contour arranged in a generally helical configuration along a centerline axis of a drill body. The drill also includes a plurality of contoured drill points each having a linear portion that extends towards an outer diameter of the drill body, and an arcuate portion that extends from the linear portion and towards a chisel of the drill body. The drill further includes a plurality of gash contours positioned within the plurality of flutes. The gash contours extend from the chisel of the drill body, and the gash contours are oblique to the base contours of the flutes.

Abstract: A profiling machine, comprising: an annular guide (2), which defines a closed-loop path; a carriage (3), movable along the annular guide (2); a support arm (4), rotatably associated with the carriage (3) around a rotation axis (X); a profiling tool (10), associated with the support arm (4); a pusher (5), configured to drive the support arm (4) in rotation in an active direction, in order to push the profiling tool (10) towards a profile (P) to be machined.

Abstract: A milling tool for face milling includes a tool body and a plurality of cutting members arranged successively along a periphery of the tool body. Each cutting member includes a main cutting edge provided for a roughing operation and a subset having a first, a second and a third secondary cutting edge provided for a finishing operation. The first and third secondary cutting edges extend in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction and the second secondary cutting edge extends between the first and third secondary cutting edge. The main cutting edges are situated at the same radial position and the first secondary cutting edges are situated at the same axial position. A first end point of the second secondary cutting edges successively progress radially inward and a second end point of the second secondary cutting edges successively progress radially inward and axially outward along the periphery of the tool body.

Abstract: An end mill for shouldering and/or slotting applications includes at least one tooth including a cutting edge. The cutting edge includes a first sub-edge extending rearwardly from a cutting end face and a second sub-edge extending rearwardly from the first sub-edge. An angle transition intersection defines where the first sub-edge ends and the second sub-edge starts. The angle transition intersection is located generally between 20% to 75% of an effective cutting length from a cutting end face and more specifically at a location within the general location where there is an increase in the rake angle and/or a significant increase in the helix angle of the cutting edge.

Abstract: Multiple grooves are provided on the outer circumferential surface of the body of an insert holder. A first holding surface of an insert first holding part, which is inserted between a groove bottom and a first protrusion, and a first protrusion surface of the first protrusion make surface contact and said surfaces are sloped so as to approach the groove bottom as the first end is approached. A second holding surface of an insert second holding part, which is inserted between the groove bottom and a second protrusion, and a second protrusion surface of the second protrusion make surface contact and said surface are sloped so as to approach the groove bottom as the second end is approached.

Abstract: A tool configuration 91 for producing an improved locking system of a floor panel 1? and a method incorporating such tool configuration. The tool configuration 91x, 91y, is a non-rotating tool configuration profiling certain surfaces of the joint edge of the floor panel, resulting in that the tolerances can be kept on a low level.

Abstract: To provide a cutting machine that suppresses swinging of the cutting portion when the battery pack is attached or detached, the cutting machine includes a cutting portion, a base, and a swing support mechanism. The cutting portion includes: a motor, a motor housing accommodating the motor, an output shaft configured to be rotated upon rotation of the motor, a battery pack serving as a power source of the motor, and a battery pack attaching portion including a pair of rail portions with which the battery pack is engageable, where a cutting blade is configured to be detachably attached to the output shaft. The base has a contact surface on which a workpiece is configured to be placed. The swing support mechanism is connected to the base and the cutting portion and includes a swing shaft extending in parallel to the output shaft.

Abstract: A sample preparation saw (10) has a base (130, 146, 14, 47), a housing (12, 76), a saw (10) assembly (30, 58) mounted to the base (130, 146, 14, 47), a dressing assembly (58), a sample clamping assembly (100) mounted to the base (130, 146, 14, 47), and a reservoir assembly (30, 58). The saw (10) assembly (30, 58) includes a blade assembly (30) with a rotating blade (24). The blade assembly (30) is movable along x-, y- and z-axes by at least two drives (27, 36). The dressing assembly (58) is operable to dress the rotating blade (24). The sample clamping assembly (100) includes a rail (102), a sample mount (104) removably positioned on the rail (102) and a saddle (106) operable to hold a sample. The reservoir assembly (30, 58) is operable to recirculate a rinse fluid sprayed on the rotating blade (24), and includes a basin (178) having a pump (180) and a series of weirs (188A, 188).

Abstract: A laser assisted tile cutting device consists of a base section, cutting unit, a laser beam emitting unit, a pair of guide rails, a sliding mechanism, a first mounting pad, and a second mounting pad. The first mounting pad and the second mounting pad, which are aligned parallel to each other, are perpendicularly mounted onto the base section. The pair of guide rails extend from the first mounting pad to the second mounting pad. The cutting unit is slidably positioned along the pair of guide rails via the sliding mechanism. The laser beam emitting unit generates a guided path for the cutting unit to follow. By following the guided path, accurate linear cuts and angular cuts can be obtained.

Abstract: A harvesting knife has a base body, which is configured to be applied in a manner rotating in a machine around a drive rotational axis allocated to said base body, and having a plurality of teeth on its circumference. Prior to a first application, at least one of the teeth has at least one cutter formed thereon.

Abstract: The main spindle unit has a main spindle, a front bearing, a rear bearing, a front case for covering the front bearing, and a rear case for covering the rear bearing. The front case has a front body part for holding the front bearing and a front flange part extending radially outward from the front body part. The rear case has a rear body part for holding the rear bearing and a rear flange part extending radially outward from the rear body part. A front mounted surface, which can be brought into contact with a first mounting surface of a unit support table, is formed on the front flange part so as to face the front side thereof. A rear mounted surface, which contacts a second mounting surface of the unit support table, is formed on the rear flange part so as to face the front side thereof.

Abstract: A hand-held device is a portable device configured to be attached to and detached from a metal board, and includes a casing and a magnet disposed in the casing. The hand-held device further includes a moving unit disposed so as to surround the magnet when an attachment face of the casing that is attached to the metal board is viewed from the front, the moving unit being configured to move so as to extend in a direction in which a distal end portion of the moving unit moves away from the attachment face of the casing when the casing is detached from the metal board.

Abstract: A dirty fluid tank of a machining fluid supply tank has a capacity smaller than a machining tank and is arranged lower than the machining tank. An intermediate tank has a capacity smaller than the dirty fluid tank, selectively communicates with the dirty fluid tank. A clear fluid tank has a capacity smaller than the intermediate tank, is arranged above the dirty fluid tank and the intermediate tank. The sum of capacities of the dirty fluid tank and the intermediate tank is larger than the capacity of the machining tank. A pipe includes a drain pipeline of the machining tank, a first pipeline for purifying the electric discharge machining fluid and sending the electric discharge machining fluid to the clear fluid tank, and a second pipeline for sending the electric discharge machining fluid from the clear fluid tank to the machining tank.

Abstract: A method of operating an electrochemical machining system includes selectively performing an electrochemical machining process by an electrochemical machine of the electrochemical machining system in a macromachining mode or a micromachining mode by controlling a purity level of a machining liquid supplied to the electrochemical machine.

Abstract: A reflow device configured to perform reflow soldering on a substrate having a first component and a second component having a heat capacity larger than a heat capacity of the first component. The reflow device includes a plurality of heating sections applying gas to the substrate, a booth accommodating the heating sections, and a controller configured to perform, at least twice or more times, a heating control of controlling the heating sections to increase both of a temperature of the first component and a temperature of the second component, and then reduce the temperature of the first component while increasing the temperature of the second component.

Abstract: By a method of determining the state of an iron tip according to the present invention, in a soldering device including: an iron tip that includes a solder hole into which a solder piece is supplied and that heats and melts the solder piece in the solder hole; a gas supply source that supplies a gas; and a gas supply portion that makes the gas supply source communicate with the solder hole and that supplies the gas from the gas supply source into the solder hole, the total flow rate of the gas flowing through the gas supply portion or a supply pressure is constant, a physical quantity of the gas flowing within the gas supply portion is measured and the measured physical quantity is compared with a previously provided reference value or table such that the state of the iron tip is determined. In this way, it is possible to constantly accurately determine the state of the iron tip.

Abstract: A welding-type system includes a welding torch comprising a contact tip to provide an electrode wire. A secondary contact in electrical contact with the electrode wire, the secondary contact located along a length of the electrode wire and before the contact tip. Each of the contact tip and the secondary contact are connected to a welding-type power source. A current limiting device coupling located between the welding-type power source and the secondary contact and configured to limit a current at the secondary contact.

Abstract: The pulsed arc welding method supplies a pulsed current to a welding electrode and performs welding while the welding electrode is relatively moved with respect to a workpiece 40. The welding electrode includes a main electrode 13 and a sub electrode 23. The sub electrode 23 is arranged on the back side of the main electrode 13 in the moving direction, the sub electrode 23 is moved along with the main electrode 13 above a molten pool 41 formed by the main electrode 13, and a second pulsed current P2 that is asynchronous with a first pulsed current P1 to be supplied to the main electrode 13 is supplied to the sub electrode 23.

Abstract: A welding device for welding a workpiece using a welding robot includes a welding control device that controls operation of the welding robot and a preheating device that preheats the workpiece. The welding control device includes an input unit through which at least one or both of dimensions of the workpiece and a shape of a welding joint, and preheating information are inputted, and a storage unit that includes at least welding robot operation orbit teaching data, welding condition data, and preheating condition data. The welding control device automatically provides a preheating condition, a welding robot operation orbit, and a welding condition for the welding joint to be welded, and preheating and welding are performed.

Abstract: A method for determining a value of arc voltage in a welding system, the welding system including a switch mode power supply and a controller that controls operation of the switch mode power supply, the method including, during an active power delivery stage of the switch mode power supply sensing a first internal voltage (V20) within the switch mode power supply prior to an internal inductor and a first output voltage (V21) of the switch mode power supply; during a freewheeling stage of the switch mode power supply sensing a second internal voltage (VF) within the switch mode power supply prior to the internal inductor and a second output voltage (V22) of the switch mode power supply; and determining the value of arc voltage based on the first internal voltage, the first output voltage, the second internal voltage, and the second output voltage.

Abstract: A method of resistance spot welding a workpiece stack-up that includes a steel workpiece and one or more aluminum workpieces involves locally stiffening the steel workpiece to resist steel workpiece deformation. The local stiffening of the steel workpiece is achieved by incorporating an electrode receiving wall into the steel workpiece along with one or more integral elevated portions of the steel workpiece that are disposed at least partially around the electrode receiving wall. The electrode receiving wall includes an electrode-contact surface and an opposed interface contact surface. During welding, a weld face of one welding electrode is pressed against the electrode-contact surface of the electrode receiving wall of the steel workpiece, and electric current is momentarily passed between that welding electrode and another welding electrode on the opposite side of the workpiece stack-up to form a weld joint that bonds to the interface contact surface of the electrode receiving wall.

Abstract: A welding head for a welding apparatus, the head comprising an outer face attachable to a welding device such as an electron beam gun or laser, an inner face sealable to a workpiece, and an outer sealing ring and an inner sealing ring situated within the inner face and disposed on either side of an evacuatable region, wherein the inner face has a teardrop-shaped profile. Outer and inner sealing rings can be inflatable or formed from different materials, the outer sealing ring being formed from a material with a Shore hardness of between 50 to 70 and the inner sealing ring being formed from a material with a Shore hardness of 20 to 40. A bridging seal can extend from within the inner sealing ring to the outer sealing ring.

Abstract: A method for the magnetic pulse soldering of an item having a stack of sheets consisting of a metal material. At least one hole through a thickness of the stack is formed. The first and second plates, both consisting of a metal material, are arranged on either side of the stack. A covering area covering at least one through-hole is formed. The plates-stack assembly is positioned opposite an active part of a coil such that a working area of the covering area faces the active part of the coil and the working area covering at least one hole. The working area is subjected to a magnetic field until the assembly is joined. While the working area is subjected to the magnetic field, pressure is exerted on the first plate, in the region of at least one hole, pressing the first plate against the second plate.

Abstract: Device for machining an end of an elementary panel for its subsequent friction stir welding, the elementary panel comprising a metal body defining two opposite faces, the machining device comprising a chassis, at least two guiding members configured to guide a first face of the elementary panel, at least one machining tool mounted on the chassis, the machining tool being positioned between the two guiding members and at least one pressure member mounted on the chassis and configured to exert a pressure on a second face of the elementary panel so as to press the elementary panel against the guiding members along the horizontal reference direction.

Abstract: During friction stir spot welding, a controller executes a temperature holding control in which the controller controls a rotation driving unit so that a rotational speed of a tool is set to a value which is equal to or lower than a predetermined rotational speed at which a temperature of the tool is regarded as being equal to a welding temperature of lapped portions, and in which the controller controls a displacement driving unit to increase and reduce a welding pressure or plunge depth of the tool so that the temperature of the tool is held in a predetermined set range.

Abstract: A set of fittings for an FSW tool (friction-stir-welding tool) includes an adapter that can be inserted into a tool-receiving element and is designed to receive a welding rod, and a shoulder cap that includes a through-opening for the welding rod and the adapter. The shoulder cap includes a welding shoulder region adjacent to the through-opening on the outer surface. The adapter can be rotated in relation to the shoulder cap, about a longitudinal axis extending concentrically to the through-opening. The inner contour of the through-opening and a radial outer contour of the adapter have a conical shape at least on the end facing the welding point. In this way, a conical annular gap is created between the adapter and the shoulder cap, the width of which is adjustable by positioning the adapter along the longitudinal axis.

Abstract: A laser processing system is equipped with a processing laser beam irradiation device configured to irradiate a processing object with processing laser beam and perform ablation processing. The laser processing system is configured to obtain an ablation image of a processed portion of the processing object based on scattered light from the processed portion during processing of the processing object with the processing laser beam and to estimate an ablation volume by applying a learning result obtained by deep learning of a relationship between the ablation image and the ablation volume to the obtained ablation image.

Abstract: A laser engraver having a laser, a camera, and a plate for holding a product, wherein an optical path of the laser is directed to the plate, an optical path of the camera is directed to the plate, and the optical path of the camera to the plate and the optical path of the laser to the plate are at least partially the same before and when hitting the plate. The laser engraver includes a controller and a comparator, wherein the controller is configured to have the laser engrave a predefined pattern at a predefined position on the product on the plate to form an engraved pattern on the product and have the camera capture a position of the engraved pattern, have the comparator compare the predefined position and the position captured by the camera to determine a difference therebetween, and use the difference to calibrate the laser.

Abstract: Laser processing device (1) includes: laser-beam switching apparatus (70) that switches between a first optical path and a second optical path as an optical path along which a laser beam is to travel, the first optical path including first fiber (11), the second optical path including second fiber (21) that has a core diameter that is larger than a core diameter of first fiber (11); and processing head (80) that illuminates a same processed point on workpiece (900) with a laser beam that has passed through the first optical path or the second optical path. When illumination with laser beam that has passed through the first optical path is performed for a predetermined period of time, laser-beam switching apparatus (70) switches from the first optical path to the second optical path.

Abstract: A laser cutting machine for cutting a workpiece having a first thickness (using a first processing laser beam having a first laser beam characteristic and a workpiece having a different second thickness using at least a second processing laser beam having a different second laser beam characteristic includes a laser source for producing a unprocessed laser beam having a laser wavelength of less than 4 ?m, a device which forms from the unprocessed laser beam the processing laser beams, and a control unit which controls the device in dependence on the thickness of the workpiece to be cut.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, a laser lift-off apparatus (1) which irradiates with laser light (16) from a side of a substrate (11) an interface between the substrate (11) and a separating layer (12) of a workpiece (10) including the substrate (11) and the separating layer (12) formed over the substrate (11), and separates the separating layer (12) from the substrate (11) includes: an injection unit (22) which blows a gas (35) onto the workpiece (10) and blows away dusts existing on a surface of the workpiece (10), and a dust collecting unit (23) which includes an opening (52) at a position meeting an irradiation position of the laser light (16), and sucks and collects the blown dusts through the opening (52).

Abstract: A method (and structure) includes performing an initial partial anneal of a metal interconnect overburden layer for semiconductor devices being fabricated on a chip on a semiconductor wafer. Orientation of an early recrystallizing grain at a specific location on a top surface of the metal overburden layer is determined, as implemented and controlled by a processor on a computer. A determination is made whether the orientation of the early recrystallizing grain is desirable or undesirable.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to methods and systems for deep welding a workpiece, a surface of the workpiece being irradiated by a first laser beam and a second laser beam. In a workpiece surface plane (OE) a first beam width B1 of the first laser beam is larger than a second beam width B2 of the second laser beam and in at least the workpiece surface plane (OE) the second laser beam lies inside the first laser beam. The intensity of the first laser beam alone is sufficient to produce a keyhole in the workpiece. The keyhole produced in the workpiece has a width KB in the workpiece surface plane (OE), KB substantially equaling B1, and B2?0.75*KB. The methods and systems provide good seam quality, high penetration depth, and high welding speed.

Abstract: An optical unit includes: a first optical device holding body that is sleeve-shaped and includes a first holding portion configured to hold therein at least one first optical device, and a first fitting portion extending from the first holding portion; a second optical device holding body that is sleeve-shaped and includes a second holding portion configured to hold therein at least one second optical device, and a second fitting portion extending from the second holding portion; and a welded portion that is melted and solidified over the first fitting portion and the second fitting portion in an overlapping portion between the first fitting portion and the second fitting portion. A first welding width at a center of the first fitting portion and a second welding width at a center of the second fitting portion are substantially identical in the optical axis direction of the optical unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to alloy compositions for 3D metal printing procedures which provide metallic parts with high hardness, tensile strengths, yield strengths, and elongation. The alloys include Fe, Cr and Mo and at least three or more elements selected from C, Ni, Cu, Nb, Si and N. Ni may be replaced with Mn. As built parts indicate a tensile strength of at least 1000 MPa, yield strength of at least 640 MPa, elongation of at least 3.0% and hardness (HV) of at least 375.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing a turbomachine blade of the type having at least one 3D cavity, wherein the blade is produced by a succession of depositions and selective consolidations of layers of a metal additive manufacturing powder based on an alloy of copper and nickel, the alloy including from 2% to 7% of nickel. It also relates to a turbomachine blade, wherein it is manufactured by metal additive manufacturing using the process.

Abstract: A selective laser solidification apparatus including; a powder bed onto which powder layers can be deposited, at least one laser module for generating a plurality of laser beams for solidifying the powder material deposited onto the powder bed, a laser scanner for individually steering each laser beam to solidify separate areas in each powder layer, and a processing unit. A scanning zone for each laser beam is defined by the locations on the powder bed to which the laser beam can be steered by the laser scanner. The laser scanner is arranged such that each scanning zone is less than the total area of powder bed and at least two of the scanning zones overlap. The processing unit is arranged for selecting, for at least one powder layers, which laser beam to use to scan an area of the powder layer located within a region wherein the seaming zones overlap.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed a method for fabrication of fluorescence-Raman dual enhanced modal biometal substrate. The method comprises the steps of grinding surface of the substrate with different types of sandpapers to remove an oxide layer and smooth the surface of the substrate; wherein a roughness of the surface is less than 0.1 ?m; cleaning the grinded substrate in an ultrasonic bath to remove any impurity; placing the specimen on the stage of an ultrashort laser system; processing the specimen at a certain laser processing parameters by a galvanometer; finally, three-dimensional micro-nano structure is fabricated on the specimen. The technique of the present invention is promising for large-scale commercial application because it is simple and economical, while the enhanced Raman and fluorescence signal is stable and high reproducibility.