Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for measuring the height of a solid bed in a high-temperature and high-pressure fluidized bed system, and a fluidized bed system having the solid bed height measuring apparatus. The solid bed height measuring apparatus includes a lower pressure probe mounted at an upper side as high as a first height from a gas distributor of a fluidized bed reactor to measure pressure of the mounted location, and a middle pressure probe mounted at an upper side as high as a second height from the lower probe to measure pressure of the mounted location. An upper pressure probe is mounted at the top of the fluidized bed reactor to measure the inside pressure of the fluidized bed reactor. First and second differential pressure gauges are used for measuring differential pressures.

Abstract: A burner cover for a gas burner includes a disk-shaped base segment, and an annular gas distribution segment which is connected to the base segment. The gas distribution segment has first gas distribution channels, which extend radially from an inner surface of the gas distribution segment toward an outer edge of the base segment. Each first gas distribution channel extends through the gas distribution segment and has a T-shaped cross-sectional geometry, which is open in a direction pointing away from the base segment.

Abstract: A cooktop appliance includes a top panel. A gas burner assembly includes an annular burner body positioned on the top panel at a top surface of the top panel. The annular burner body defines a central combustion zone. The annular burner body also defines a plurality of flame ports at the central combustion zone. Gaseous fuel is flowable from a fuel chamber within the annular burner body into the central combustion zone through the plurality of flame ports. The gas burner assembly further includes features for direction the gaseous fuel into the fuel chamber of the annular burner body. The annular burner body is open at the central combustion zone such that the top panel is exposed through the annular burner body at the central combustion zone.

Abstract: Energy is generated from cellulosic biofuel waste streams, specifically a lignin filter cake and a waste syrup, by combusting these waste products in a fluidized bed combustor under specified conditions. The heat and steam generated can be used to generate electricity and/or in cellulosic biofuel production processes.

Abstract: A filament retaining device is disclosed for a chimney and duct cleaning tool. The device comprises a socket having a bore defined by a side wall of the socket and a plurality of pairs of apertures disposed in the side wall of the socket, the pairs of apertures being separated longitudinally of the socket. The device further comprises a plug arranged to move in sliding relation within the bore of the socket. The plug comprises a plurality of channels disposed therein, separated longitudinally of the plug, and separately alignable with a pair of apertures in the side wall. The device further comprises an adjustment member for adjusting a position of the plug within the bore.

Abstract: An exhaust adapter secures an exhaust tube relative to an exhaust pipe. The exhaust adapter is formed to have an annular shape enclosing a through hole, and is mounted on the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube and on the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe by inserting the exhaust tube into the through hole. When the exhaust adapter is being fitted on the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube, the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust adapter presses the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust tube, and when the exhaust adapter is being fitted on the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe, the outer peripheral surface of the exhaust adapter presses the inner peripheral surface of the exhaust pipe.

Abstract: This invention relates to a refractory lining of a tube wall (2) for an incinerator including at least four refractory tiles (3) of ceramic material which are arranged next to and above one another, wherein the tiles at their rear side, which is facing the tube wall (2), are provided with a vertical insertion channel (10) for mounting the tiles upon the holders (7) of the tube wall, wherein a free space (11) is formed between the tiles (3) and the tube wall (2), which space is filled with a curable pouring compound, and wherein a spacer (20) is provided adjacent to four mutually adjoining edges (12) of the at least four refractory tiles (3). Alternative embodiments are characterized by the use of a head bolt, and/or wedge element (50) and/or a flip-element (60).

Abstract: A current discharge probability of a flame sensor is calculated based on the number of drive pulses applied to the flame sensor and the number of discharges determined to have occurred in the flame sensor after receiving the drive pulses. Degradation indices (degradation progress and remaining lifetime) indicating the current degradation state of the flame sensor are calculated based on the calculated current discharge probability of the flame sensor.

Abstract: A combustion burner includes a nozzle, a swirl vane having a fuel injection hole, the swirl vane being disposed in an air flow passage of an annular shape extending along an axial direction of the nozzle around the nozzle, and a partition plate having an annular shape and partitioning at least a region of the air flow passage in a radial direction of the nozzle, so as to divide at least the region into an inner flow passage facing an outer peripheral surface of the nozzle and an outer flow passage disposed on an outer side of the inner flow passage with respect to the radial direction. The fuel injection hole is disposed in the outer flow passage of the air flow passage. An end portion on an upstream side of the partition plate is disposed upstream of the fuel injection hole in the axial direction.

Abstract: A combustor assembly includes a combustion liner defining a first radial opening, an outer sleeve that at least partially surrounds the combustion liner. The outer sleeve defines a second radial opening. A mounting body having a jacket portion and a flange portion surrounds the first radial opening and extends radially outwardly from an outer surface of the combustion liner towards the outer sleeve. The flange portion is at least partially disposed within the second radial opening. An auxiliary component extends radially within the jacket portion and includes a flange portion. The flange portion of the auxiliary component is connected to the flange portion of the mounting body via a first fastener, and the flange portion of the auxiliary component is connected to the outer sleeve via a second fastener.

Abstract: A gas turbine combustor assembly has a fuel/air mixer assembly with a plurality of fuel/air mixer elements. Each fuel/air mixer element defines an air flow passage therethrough. A fuel injector is coupled to the fuel/air mixer assembly. The fuel injector has a tip portion with a plurality of fuel outlets arranged to direct fuel into the air flow passages of the air/fuel mixer elements. Each of the fuel/air mixer elements has at least one outlet arranged to supply fuel to the element.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a combustor and a turbine. The combustor includes a pre-mixer having a body defining a plurality of fluid passages extending axially through the pre-mixer, wherein a cross-sectional projection of each of the plurality of fluid passages comprises one or more features that form a helical coil about an axis of the fluid passage along a length of the fluid passage, wherein the pre-mixer is configured to receive fuel from a fuel supply, receive air from an air supply, mix the fuel and air by flowing the fuel and air through the plurality of fluid passages, and imparting a swirling motion on the fuel and air, and supply the air-fuel mixture to a combustion zone. The combustor is configured to combust the air-fuel mixture, generating combustion fluids. The turbine is configured to receive the combustion fluids from the combustor and to use the combustion fluids to drive one or more stages of the turbine.

Abstract: The present application provides a selective catalyst reduction system for use with a combustion gas stream. The selective catalyst reduction system may include a tempering air system with a finger mixer and a number of mixing boxes positioned downstream of the finger mixer and a catalyst positioned downstream of the tempering air system. The tempering air system cools the combustion gas stream and evens out the temperature profile before the combustion gas stream reaches the catalyst.

Abstract: A gas range appliance includes a griddle positioned on a top panel. The griddle has a cooking plate positioned over a gas burner. A first flange extends from the cooking plate towards a rear portion of a cabinet such that the first flange extends over an exit of an exhaust duct. A second flange extends from the cooking plate towards the top panel. The second flange is positioned between the gas burner and the first flange below the cooking plate.

Abstract: An air delivery and circulation device for a cooking apparatus comprising a duct member mountable in a cooking chamber of the cooking apparatus, the duct member comprising an airflow inlet for receiving heated air and at least one opening into the cooking chamber, in which the duct member is operable to channel the heated air from the airflow inlet to the opening. An aerofoil shaped extension member projects externally from the duct member at or adjacent to each opening and is operable to direct streams of heated air from the opening into the cooking chamber to thereby heat or cook a food product in the cooking chamber.

Abstract: Systems and methods for preventing freeze damage to heating system pipes are provided. In some embodiments, systems for preventing freeze damage to heating system pipes that carry a liquid used to heat a heated space and that are exposed to freezing temperatures outside of the heated space are provided, the systems comprising: a hardware controller that causes the liquid to be circulated through the heating system pipes irrespective of the air temperature in the heated space.

Abstract: A portable air-conditioner includes a case in which a condenser and an evaporator are integrally installed and an inlet and an outlet are formed; and an exhaust unit integrally coupled to the case and guiding air heat-exchanged with the condenser to an outdoor area, wherein the exhaust unit includes an exhaust pipe fixed to the case in one end thereof, disposed to be at least partially inserted into the case, and having a portion, excluding the one end, spaced apart from the case; and a shielding module installed in a window, fixed to the other end of the exhaust pipe, and detachably received in the case.

Abstract: A humidifying device comprising an air duct penetrating axially through the humidifying device, a water tank (201b) for storing water, and a filter element (204b) disposed in the water tank. The water tank (201b) surrounds the air duct. Further disclosed is an air handling system.

Abstract: BUILDING FEATURE APPLIED IN AIR-CONDITIONING APPLIANCE, capable of enriching the air with atomized water droplets in two stages, where in a first moment the water sent directly from the water supply network is pre-atomized in an appliance (8); being then delivered to the main atomizer (9), which produces the final atomization, creating an ultrafine mist that facilitates the thermal exchange between the mist and the air. The air-conditioning appliance must be associated to a fan so as to spread this mist to the room.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for switching on and off a night mode of a heating and/or air conditioning system, wherein an energy consumption of the heating and/or air conditioning system is reduced when the night mode is switched on and increased when the night mode is switched off. It is provided according to the invention that with a smartphone an activity of a user of the smartphone is detected, that with program code an activity state of the user is inferred when an activity is noticed and a state of rest of the user is inferred in the absence of activity, wherein the program code is stored in a non-volatile data memory, and that electronic control means switch on or off the night mode as a function of whether a state of rest or an activity state of the user has been noticed. The invention also relates to a corresponding control apparatus.

Abstract: Provided is an outdoor unit for an air conditioner and the like that provide notification of whether maintenance is needed for an outdoor heat exchange unit in appropriate timing. The outdoor unit for the air conditioner includes: a compressor; an outdoor heat exchange unit through which a refrigerant flows by driving of the compressor; an outdoor fan that includes an outdoor fan motor and is installed near the outdoor heat exchange unit; and a control unit that provides notification of whether maintenance is needed for the outdoor heat exchange unit based on an airflow resistance during an outdoor air-sending operation in which the outdoor fan is driven to send outdoor air into the outdoor heat exchange unit while the compressor is stopped. This makes it possible to provide the notification of whether the maintenance is needed for the outdoor heat exchange unit in appropriate timing.

Abstract: An air information management apparatus includes: an obtainer that obtains an air state of a target area from a sensor installed in the target area or an area surrounding the target area; storage in which an air state record that is a record of the air state obtained by the obtainer is stored; an information processor that derives, from the air state record stored in the storage, statistical information on the air state measured for the target area during a predetermined period; and a display controller that causes the display apparatus to display, as information indicating an air environment in the target area, the statistical information derived by the information processor.

Abstract: A pneumatic control converter, preferably acting as a pneumatic thermostat, includes a pneumatic section, and electronic section and a piezo electric linkage section. A piezo electric rotary motor drives a rotary cam, with a cam follower linked via a W-shaped flexure linkage to bias the ball nozzle which controls the pneumatic control output pressure. The input to the piezo electric rotary motor is an electrical signal dependent upon electronically sensed pressure relative to the programmed set point. The pneumatic control converter consumes little electrical energy and is preferably battery powered, and the pneumatic control output pressure can be maintained even in the absence of electric power.

Abstract: An air-conditioning apparatus includes a control unit performing liquid refrigerant equalization control for correcting an imbalance in liquid refrigerant amount between accumulators. The control unit includes a first liquid refrigerant equalization control unit controlling an output of a fan to perform the liquid refrigerant equalization control and a second liquid refrigerant equalization control unit controlling a frequency of a compressor to perform the liquid refrigerant equalization control. The second liquid refrigerant equalization control unit determines an increase or reduction in frequency of the compressor so that a total refrigerant circulation amount is not below a predetermined amount. When a value is within a predefined acceptable range, the control unit selects the first liquid refrigerant equalization control unit to perform the liquid refrigerant equalization control.

Abstract: A wireless damper control and test system comprising a wireless controller for communicating with a wireless interface using an identifier whereby actuation timing of a damper actuator is transmitted by signal, the wireless interface connected to a damper to be controlled or tested using the transmitted signal, the wireless controller transmits the signals to the wireless interface for operational verification of the damper and damper actuator, and the wireless interface detects a damper state by contacts mounted on the damper and communicates the damper state to the wireless controller.

Abstract: A heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system includes an enclosure and an evaporator coil disposed within the enclosure. The HVAC system also includes a pivot member coupled between an edge portion of the evaporator coil and the enclosure. The pivot member is configured to enable the evaporator coil to pivot relative to the enclosure to adjust an operating angle of the evaporator coil during operation of the HVAC system. Additionally, the HVAC system includes an actuator configured to enable pivoting of the evaporator coil to a target operating angle based on an operating parameter input.

Abstract: A high efficiency downfired gas water heater is provided which has a tank for storing water to be heated, a combustion chamber extending downwardly through a top end of the tank, and a gas burner operative to create hot combustion products within the combustion chamber. At the bottom end of the tank is a transfer chamber coupled to an external discharge conduit and to a single pass heat exchanger, in the form of multiple flue tubes. extending vertically through the tank and connected to the combustion chamber. In one embodiment of the water heater the burner is a power burner which forces the combustion products sequentially through the combustion chamber, heat exchanger, transfer chamber and discharge conduit. In another embodiment of the water heater a draft inducer fan is used to draw the combustion products through this path from the combustion chamber.

Abstract: A gas feed tube assembly for a gas fueled water heater and a water heater including such assembly. A pair of gas tubes are connected with one tube received into the other and secured between a pair of complementary fasteners position along a wall or door the water heater. The gas feed tube assembly can be more readily manufactured, facilitates installation of the water heater, and helps minimize gas leaks.

Abstract: A temperature control system for controlling a water heater to adjust the temperature of water in a water storage tank, the control system including a first temperature sensor coupled to the storage tank and configured to measure a first temperature of the water at a first location within the storage tank, a second temperature sensor coupled to the storage tank and configured to measure a second temperature of the water at a second location within the storage tank, and a controller coupled to the first and second temperature sensors and configured to turn ON the water heater when the measured first and second temperatures are below a first setpoint temperature, and to turn OFF the water heater when the measured first and second temperatures are at or above a second setpoint temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a segment of a solar collector extending in a longitudinal direction, said segment being provided with a plate arrangement having a two-dimensional upper side on which a reflective layer is arranged. A plurality of rib elements are arranged on a lower side of the plate arrangement, each rib element extending transversely to the longitudinal direction of the solar collector. At least one rigidifying element, preferably at least one brace element, extends in the longitudinal direction of the solar collector, connecting the rib elements.

Abstract: The invention relates to a tracking device (1) for solar modules (2a) with a series of posts (3) arranged along a longitudinal axis. A crossmember (6) is pivotably mounted on each post (3), and said crossmembers (6) are pivotable about a common pivot axis (S) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis. There is fastened to each crossmember (6) a toothed ring (7) of which the toothing (7a) is in engagement with a motor-driven toothed wheel (8) mounted on the respective post (3). Also provided is a positive guide means which forms a safeguard against a transverse displacement of the toothed wheel (8) relative to the toothed ring (7). Each toothed wheel (8) is mounted on the side of the respective post (3).

Abstract: A novel portable solar energy system includes a solar concentrator, a thermal storage device, an azimuth adjustment system, an elevation system, and a heat exchanger, all mounted on a rotatable support frame. In a particular embodiment, the thermal storage device remains at a fixed vertical height and fixed tilt orientation when adjustments are made to the azimuth adjustment system and/or the elevation adjustment system.

Abstract: A refrigeration cycle apparatus includes an evaporator, a first compressor, an intercooler, a second compressor, a condenser, and a refrigerant liquid supply passage. The intercooler stores refrigerant liquid and also cools refrigerant vapor compressed by the first compressor and expels it. The second compressor sucks in the refrigerant vapor expelled from the intercooler and compresses it. The intercooler includes a container, an intercooling passage, and a pump. The container contains a vapor space and stores refrigerant liquid. The intercooling passage is a passage in which a part of the refrigerant liquid stored in the container flows and that supplies the part of the refrigerant liquid to the vapor space. The pump pumps a part of the refrigerant liquid stored in the container to the vapor space.

Abstract: A condenser system that includes a first compressor and a second compressor. An upper coil and a de-superheater coil are fluidly coupled to the first compressor. The upper coil, the de-superheater coil, and the first compressor define a first compressor circuit. A lower coil is fluidly coupled to the second compressor. The lower coil and the second compressor define a second compressor circuit. The upper coil and the de-superheater coil together utilize an entire heat-transfer surface area.

Abstract: A refrigerator according to the present invention includes: a cooling part for cooling an object to be cooled through heat exchange with a refrigerant; an expander-integrated compressor including a compressor for compressing the refrigerant and an expander for expanding the refrigerant integrated therein; and a refrigerant circulation line configured to circulate the refrigerant through the compressor, the expander, and the cooling part. The compressor includes a low-stage compressor, a middle-stage compressor, and a high-stage compressor disposed in series in the refrigerant circulation line.

Abstract: An apparatus for air-conditioning of watercraft and the like including: an electronically controlled variable-r.p.m. compressor, a main gas/water condenser (5), at least one environmental heat-exchanger (3) with an electronically controlled fan (14), at least one electronically controlled expansion valve (8), and at least one first electronic control unit (4) programmed for calculating continuously a temperature deviation detected (DeltaT=T_ad?T_a), and as a function of the temperature deviation regulating in combination, the r.p.m. of the compressor (1), opening of the flow valve (8), and the r.p.m. of the fan of the heat-exchanger (3).

Abstract: A heat recovery system and methods of their use that include a liquid separator, which allows for relatively less refrigerant charge needed for operation of the heat recovery system, e.g. in a cooling and/or heat recovery mode. The liquid separator separates the liquid and vapor from fluid exiting the heat recovery exchanger, which can ensure that the inlet of the condenser coil is sourced with vapor and minimizes liquid entering the condenser coil. The liquid separator does not receive liquid refrigerant from the condenser coil, such as in a regular operating mode (e.g. cooling and/or heat recovery mode). Use of the liquid separator and its arrangement within the fluid circuit can thereby reduce the operating refrigerant charge needed for the system. A flow control device can control the heat recovery and/or cooling capacity of the heat recovery system.

Abstract: Provided is an air-conditioning apparatus including a switching valve and a bypass circuit. The switching valve is provided between an expansion valve and an outdoor heat exchanger. The bypass circuit has a first end connected to a refrigerant pipe connecting a compressor and an indoor heat exchanger to each other, and a second end connected to the switching valve. During a heating operation, the air-conditioning apparatus causes a rotating member of the switching valve to rotate to sequentially connect, to the bypass circuit, flow passages of the outdoor heat exchanger connected in parallel, to thereby defrost the outdoor heat exchanger while performing the heating operation.

Abstract: A controller switches between and performs a first simultaneous heating and defrosting operation of supplying part of refrigerant discharged from a compressor is supplied to one or some parallel heat exchangers among a plurality of parallel heat exchangers through a defrosting circuit and allowing the other one or more parallel heat exchangers to operate as evaporators, and a second simultaneous heating and defrosting operation of, in one or some heat source units among a plurality of heat source units, supplying the refrigerant discharged from the compressor is supplied to all the plurality of parallel heat exchangers through the defrosting circuit, and in the other one or more heat source units, continuing heating by allowing all the plurality of parallel heat exchangers to operate as evaporators.

Abstract: In the present chiller apparatus, a refrigerant flow path is branchably attached to a lower electrode serving as a large sample table, which copes with a case where the surface area of a sample is large in a configuration in which a plasma treatment device connected to a refrigerant cycle equipped with a heating device is applied. A control device transmits a heating adjustment control signal generated based on a result of a PID arithmetic operation including proportion, integration, and differentiation on a lower electrode refrigerant pipe refrigerant detection temperature detected from a temperature sensor provided in the vicinity of a refrigerant flow path of a heat insulating portion relative to the lower electrode of a lower electrode refrigerant pipe connected to be linked to the refrigerant cycle to a heating device and performs feedback control such that the lower electrode refrigerant pipe refrigerant detection temperature becomes a setting temperature.

Abstract: A compressor control apparatus for a vehicle includes: a compressor configured to compress coolant of an air conditioner; a coolant temperature measurement unit configured to measure a coolant temperature; a data detector configured to detect state data for controlling the compressor; and a controller configured to determine an operation rate of the compressor based on the coolant temperature and the state data, and operate the compressor based on the operation rate of the compressor.

Abstract: Ice slurry is manufactured in direct contact heat transfer in a tank comprising a layer of heavy solvent, of water dissolving a freezing point depressant, of ice slurry, and of light solvent. The heavy solvent is heavier in density than water, and the light solvent lighter than ice. The heavy solvent, water, and light solvent are immiscible with each other. The freezing point depressant is insoluble in the heavy and light solvents. The light solvent is chilled in a chiller, and injected into the heavy solvent layer, where bubbles of light solvent are generated without ice clogging. The cold liquid bubbles ascending through the water layer produce ice. Ice slurry is continuously withdrawn below the light solvent layer. The light solvent side of the chiller is coated with a hydrophobic coating material to prevent formation of sessile ice particles of the undissolving water molecules from the light solvent.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a refrigerator cabinet and at least one compartment disposed within the refrigerator cabinet, an ice maker for making wet ice disposed within the refrigerator cabinet, a bucket for storing the ice, the bucket positioned to receive the wet ice from the ice maker, and a drain in the bucket for draining water from the bucket. A method of making ice in a refrigerator includes making ice using an ice maker of the refrigerator, conveying the ice from the ice maker to a bucket having a drain, maintaining the ice in the bucket at a temperature above freezing to allow the ice to melt to water, and draining the water from the bucket.

Abstract: In an ice maker with a tray having at least one water-receiving cavity, a wall of the cavity contains a phase change material. If an ice maker of this kind is pre-cooled, so that the phase change material is solid, a great deal of heat can be removed from water poured into the cavities in a short time by the heat causing the phase change material to melt.

Abstract: A refrigerator includes an ice maker installed in a refrigeration compartment or a freezer. A machine compartment is located in a lower rear portion of the refrigerator and includes a valve configured to distribute water for supply to the ice maker. A water supply unit is configured to supply water from the valve to the ice maker. The water supply unit includes an ice maker tube extending to the ice maker to supply water, and a guide cap to which one end portion of the ice maker tube is fitted. The guide cap includes sealing projections inserted into the ice maker tube and spaced apart from each other along a longitudinal direction of the ice maker tube. The sealing projections are configured to make close contact with the ice maker tube to prevent water leakage from the ice maker tube.

Abstract: A portable cooler includes an insulated body that defines a main interior storage space, and a lid structured to at least partially cover the main interior storage space. The lid includes an integrated blender or an integrated blender drive. Components of the blender may include a source of electrical power, an electric motor, and a blender spindle mounted through a surface of the lid and coupled to the electric motor. The integrated blender may also include a blender jar structured to hold food items for blending and one or more blending blades. The lid may further include a blender recess shaped in a negative mold of a collar of the blender jar to prevent the blender jar from rotating during operation.

Abstract: A chilled water distribution system includes a chilled water loop in fluid communication with a plurality of buildings and also in fluid communication with a plurality of chiller stations. A monitoring and control system communicates with one of the chiller stations, hereinafter referred to as a “controlled” chiller station because it is configured with one or more variable frequency drives that are controlled by the monitoring and control system to modulate the speed of at least one chiller station component such as, but not limited to, a pump or a fan. By way of this modulation process, a differential pressure of the chilled water loop may be maintained at a desired level so as to optimize chiller station output while minimizing chiller station energy consumption.

Abstract: A pressure relief facility for a refrigeration appliance with a body defining a chamber and having a peripheral rim, the appliance having a door with a peripheral gasket operable between an open position in which the gasket is away from the rim and a closed position in which the gasket sealably contacts the rim. The relief facility includes a planar body having opposed major faces and having opposed first and second peripheral edges. The body has a number of passages adjacent to each other, each passage having a first opening at the first peripheral edge, and a second opening at the second peripheral edge. An adhesive element is attached on one of the major faces adapted to secure the body to the rim of the appliance body in registration with to the gasket with the first openings in communication with the chamber, and the second openings in communication with ambient air. The planar body may be an elongated rectangular piece of corrugated plastic, with the passages running transverse to the length.

Abstract: An evaporating device includes: an evaporator, a defrost heater, and an evaporation pan, wherein the evaporation pan is made of aluminum and the inner side of the evaporation pan is coated with a surface treatment to improve the melting of ice in the evaporation pan.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an inner cabinet for a refrigerator formed of a ceramic material and a refrigerator including the same. One aspect of an inner cabinet for a refrigerator, the inner cabinet includes a ceramic material comprising at least one of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide as a main component, wherein the ceramic material has a ratio of an area occupied by pores per unit surface area in the range of 0.1 to 10%.