Abstract: A refrigerator appliance including a compartment within the refrigerator appliance, a liner defining a rear wall of the compartment, a first vertical support rail attached to the rear wall, a second vertical support rail attached to the rear wall wherein the second vertical support rail is offset in a generally horizontal direction from the first vertical support rail, and a cover. The cover is attachable to the liner and includes a vertical slot extending therethrough and configured to align with and allow access to one of the first vertical support rail and the second vertical support rail when the cover is attached to the liner, while a portion of the cover is positioned over and prevents access to the other of the first vertical support rail and the second vertical support rail.

Abstract: Rack systems, devices, and methods for attaching and providing foldable storage racks underneath refrigerator shelves or cabinets or other shelves for suspending, storing and separating wine bottles and beverage cans and plates. The storage racks can include a plurality of bail cradles each having ends pivotally attached to brackets. The bail cradles can have concave support surfaces for supporting and separating bottles and cans. The bail cradles can have ribbed upper surfaces for allowing a shelf/tray to slide thereon. The racks can have pivotal vertical legs with a slide out drawer on lower ends of the legs. The racks can be used for storing other items such as computer keyboards and the like, used with desks, tables, and the like.

Abstract: A crisper assembly for a refrigerator has a crisper drawer defining a crisper cavity within the crisper drawer wherein the crisper drawer has a front wall, two side walls, a back wall having a top lip, and a bottom surface. A track assembly is coupled to the crisper drawer and configured to movably attach the crisper drawer to the crisper assembly and movably support the crisper drawer for movement in a first direction between a retracted position and an extended position within a refrigeration compartment. A front gasket is coupled to a first receiving flange wherein the front gasket has a bubble portion that contacts the front wall of the crisper drawer. A rear gasket is coupled to a second receiving flange where the rear gasket contacts the top lip and the back wall of the crisper drawer.

Abstract: A handle lighting assembly for an appliance includes features that allow a consumer to readily change the color of the light emitted from the handle lighting assembly as desired. In one exemplary aspect, the handle lighting assembly includes features that allow a consumer to readily interchange colored films to and from the handle lighting assembly based on the desired emitted light color.

Abstract: A refrigeration appliance includes a water-conducting conduit system which has a connector for connecting to a domestic water supply system. A monitoring device is configured to detect water leaks in the water-conducting conduit system of the refrigeration appliance. A monitoring device for installation into a refrigeration appliance and a monitoring device housing for such a monitoring device are also provided.

Abstract: A method for liquefaction of industrial gases or gas mixtures (hydrocarbon and/or non-hydrocarbon) uses a modified aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system (ARP) that is used to chill the gas or gas mixture during the liquefaction process. The gas may be compressed to above its critical point, and the heat of compression energy may be recovered to provide some or all of the thermal energy required to drive the ARP. The method utilizes a Joule Thomson (JT) adiabatic expansion process which results in no requirement for specialty cryogenic rotating equipment. The aqua-ammonia absorption refrigeration system includes a vapor absorber tower (VAT) which permits the recovery of some or all of the heat of solution and heat of condensation energy in the system when anhydrous ammonia vapor is absorbed into a subcooled lean aqua-ammonia solution. The modified ARP with VAT may achieve operating pressures as low as 10 kPa which results in ammonia gas chiller operating temperatures as low as ?71 C.

Abstract: A process for producing liquefied natural gas and liquid carbon dioxide from a natural gas feed gas comprising at least the following steps: Separation of a natural gas feed gas into a CO2-enriched gas stream and a natural gas stream; Cooling of said natural gas in a heat exchanger; Purification of the in step 1 from compounds containing at least six carbon atoms; At least partial condensation of said gas stream resulting from step 3 to form a two-phase stream; Separation of said two-phase stream resulting from step 4 to form a gas stream and a liquid stream; Condensation of the gas stream resulting from step 5 to form a liquefied gas containing less than 5 ppm by volume of compounds containing at least six carbon atoms; Liquefaction of the CO2-enriched gas stream resulting from step 1 with a portion of the liquid stream resulting from step 5.

Abstract: A hybrid drying apparatus including: a bed portion having a horizontally disposed top surface; an object-to-be-dried supplying portion configured to spread an object to be dried on the top surface of the bed portion; and a driving unit configured to rotate and drive the bed portion or the object-to-be-dried supplying portion, wherein the object to be dried supplied from the object-to-be-dried supplying portion is spread on the top surface of the bed portion while the bed portion or the object-to-be-dried supplying portion is rotated, and the top surface of the bed portion is heated in such a manner that a lower portion of the bed portion is primarily heated so that the bed portion is used to dry the object to be dried coated on the top surface of the bed portion by the object-to-be-dried supplying portion.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a method for freeze-drying drug liposomes powder assisted by a variable-frequency alternating-current electric field, which includes the following steps: (1) preparing a drug-liposome suspension sample; (2) dehydrating the sample under a 1-10 kHz, 3-10 kV high-voltage alternating current; (3) freezing and drying the sample treated in step (2) at ?20° C. to ?40° C., under a 10-25 kHz, 0.2-1 kV high-voltage alternating current, until completion of the freezing process; and (4) heating and drying the sample in a vacuum until completion of sublimation and desorption, and obtaining the drug liposomes freeze-dried powder. The present invention not only greatly shortens a freezing and drying time, but also controls a size of nuclei and ice crystals, further ensuring a quality of the freeze-dried powder.

Abstract: A bin and method of use for containment and delivery of particulate materials has: a) a housing; b) a particulate materials support plate within the housing, the support plate having a porous structure allowing air flow therethrough; c) the support plate having a central area elevated away from the bottom of the housing and surrounding sides; d) an air flow area between the bottom of the housing and the support plate; e) a particle drop region surrounding the sides of the support plate; and f) a sealing and/or opening component within the particle drop region that seals and opens a particle drop path between the support plate and the side walls of the housing. The sealing and opening component has an expanded position when sealing the particle drop region and is in a retracted position when opening the particle drop region to particulate material passage.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a refractory protection layer for a metallurgical furnace, which includes a insulating layer, a permanent layer built with a refractory brick and arranged on the insulating layer, a working layer built with a refractory brick and arranged on the permanent layer, and a first anti-permeation layer made of ramming mass and arranged on the working layer. The refractory protection layer for the metallurgical furnace described in the present disclosure embodiments has both high temperature resistance and good permeability resistance.

Abstract: A method of fluxing or degassing a molten metal residing as a bath in a furnace. The bath of molten metal includes a bath surface height and the method provides at least one rotating impeller in the molten metal bath to initiate a flow of the molten metal. The flow in the molten metal results in elevating a portion of the molten metal above the bath surface height where at least one of a fluxing agent and an inert gas is introduced into the elevated portion of the molten metal.

Abstract: A pallet car for conveying material to be processed is disclosed. The pallet car includes first and second sidewalls formed from sidewall members that each include a metal frame and a heat-resistant liner, such as formed from refractory. The refractory formed on the metal frame of the sidewall members provides insulation for the metal frame without the need for a hearth layer of pre-processed material in the material bed of the pallet car. The sidewall member including the refractory layer increases the effective volume of the pallet car, which increases the overall efficiency of the furnace and material processing procedure.

Abstract: A heat exchanger fixing structure, for two or more heat exchangers bent in multiple layers, includes two or more plates respectively fixed to one ends of the two or more heat exchangers, wherein portions of the two or more plates may overlap each other, and the two or more heat exchangers are connected and fixed to each other by fastening a fastening member to the overlapping portions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a fin and a micro-channel heat exchanger. A retractable fin in a bending region of the micro-channel heat exchanger comprises a plurality of fin unit sections which are sequentially connected to form a corrugated structure, each fin unit section comprises a first straight section and an arc top section, and a retractable section which is deformed due to stretching/squeezing in a bending process of the micro-channel heat exchanger is provided between the first straight section and the arc top section. The retractable sections of the retractable fin are gradually straightened in the bending process of the micro-channel heat exchanger, included angles between the retractable sections and adjacent straight sections gradually become small, and this thereby ensures that the retractable fin in the bending region is not stretch-broken.

Abstract: A heat exchanger for exchanging heat between two fluids, use of the exchanger with liquid metal and gas, and application to a fast neutron nuclear reactor cooled with liquid metal. The present invention concerns a heat exchanger (1) for exchanging heat between a first fluid (N2) and a second fluid (Na). According to the invention, the structure of the heat exchanger makes it possible to supply and recover the primary fluid, such as sodium (Na), to and from a given longitudinal end (2a) opposite the longitudinal end (2b) by which the secondary fluid, such as nitrogen (N2), is supplied and recovered. This allows a physical separation between the paths of the two fluids in the exchanger, with the possibility, in particular, of having restricted access for one of the fluids, such as sodium (Na) and non-restricted access for the other of the fluids, such as nitrogen (N2).

Abstract: A gas cooler includes a pair of seal plates and a pair of first support ribs. The individual seal plate has a stepped surface which extends in a direction that a cooling portion is inserted into a casing. The individual first support rib supports the stepped surface. With the configuration where the stepped surface is supported by the first support rib, the inside of the casing is partitioned into an upstream-side space communicated with an introducing port and a downstream-side space communicated with a discharging port.

Abstract: A heat pipe having enhanced heat transport capacity that can be manufactured easily is provided. The heat pipe 1 comprises a sealed container 2 and a wick structure 10. The wick structure includes a first wick 11 formed of copper fibers 11a, and a second wick formed of carbon fibers 12a. The first wick 11 is sintered to be fixed to an inner face 21a of a flat wall 21 while holding the second wick 12 therein.

Abstract: A heat exchanger comprising: a heat exchange unit that exchanges heat between a heat transfer medium and a heat exchange object; a phase change unit, which comprises a liquid phase space that accommodates the heat transfer medium in a liquid phase state, and a gas phase space that accommodates the heat transfer medium in a gas phase state, the heat transfer medium being capable of moving into and out of the gas phase space; and a first channel along which the heat transfer medium is moved from the phase change unit to the heat exchange unit, wherein the heat exchanger is configured such that a saturated vapor pressure at a temperature of the heat transfer medium in the liquid phase flowing into the phase change unit differs from a pressure of the heat transfer medium in the gas phase in the gas phase space.

Abstract: A heat exchange tube for an HVAC system can include at least one reduced diameter section with an integral flattened ridge. The flow of combustion gases through the heat exchanger tubes may be partially constricted inside the reduced diameter sections. When installed in an HVAC system the integral flattened ridges may be angled to intercept the flow of air outside the heat exchanger tubes.

Abstract: An exterior surface of a heat transfer tube has a plurality of channels formed into the surface, where the channels are substantially parallel to one another and extend at a first angle to a longitudinal axis to the tube. A plurality of cuts are then made into the surface substantially parallel to one another and extend at a second angle to a longitudinal axis to the tube different from the first angle. Individual fin segments extend from the surface and are separated from one another by the channels and the cuts. The fin segments have a first channel-adjacent edge adjacent substantially parallel to the channel, a first cut-adjacent edge substantially parallel to the cut, and a corner formed by a second channel-adjacent edge and a second cut-adjacent edge. The tube can be used as a condenser tube.

Abstract: In accordance with certain embodiments, a cooler for multiple tube banks features a series of parallel and planar fins that have upstream louvers to direct incoming air through a fin near a first row of tubes and a downstream set of louvers near an adjacent tube row to direct air back through the same fin before the air exits. By way of example, the upstream louvers have the negative slope of the downstream louvers and a constant angle from louver to louver within a bank. A constant length in a section view may be provided.

Abstract: A heat sink comprising pin fins extending from a base plate of the heatsink. Some of the pin fins are angled outwardly towards an outer edge of the base plate such that the tips of some of the pin fins may extend beyond the outer edge of the base plate. The distance the outer pin fins extend beyond the outer edge of the base plate can correspond to a maximum diameter of the heatsink. The maximum diameter of the heatsink can be greater than the diameter of the base plate of the heatsink.

Abstract: Systems according to the present disclosure provide one or more surfaces that function as heat or power radiating surfaces for which at least a portion of the radiating surface includes or is composed of “fractal cells” placed sufficiently closed close together to one another so that a surface (plasmonic) wave causes near replication of current present in one fractal cell in an adjacent fractal cell. A fractal of such a fractal cell can be of any suitable fractal shape and may have two or more iterations. The fractal cells may lie on a flat or curved sheet or layer and be composed in layers for wide bandwidth or multibandwidth transmission. The area of a surface and its number of fractals determines the gain relative to a single fractal cell. The boundary edges of the surface may be terminated resistively so as to not degrade the cell performance at the edges.

Abstract: A cross-flow heat exchanger for gas turbine engines which may be utilized to transfer heat from one fluid flow to a second independent fluid flow wherein one of the fluid flows has a high differential inlet pressure and temperature. The heat exchanger has robust construction to inhibit mixing of the fluid flows during a single burst duct event.

Abstract: The present invention provides an integral cooling system within an FFF nozzle manifold. The system includes a cooling reservoir formed within the body of the nozzle manifold, adapted to circulate a cooling liquid around the filament chamber and nozzle orifice. The coolant channel is situated to be in close physical proximity to the chamber and orifice, and to be thermally coupled to both via the body of the nozzle manifold. In addition, the interior of the cooling chamber is constructed so as to maximize the available surface area within a given cross-sectional geometry, thereby promoting increase heat transfer between the nozzle manifold and the cooling liquid.

Abstract: Examples of a cooling system include a flow channel through which a cooling medium flows, a valve that is provided in the flow channel and configured to adjusts a flow rate of the cooling medium, a thermometer for measuring temperature of the cooling medium, a flowmeter for measuring a flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the valve, and a controller for determining cooling capacity of the cooling medium from measurement results of the thermometer and the flowmeter, and adjusting the valve so that the cooling capacity of the cooling medium approaches to a target value when the determined cooling capacity is different from the target value.

Abstract: Methods, plate elements and heat/enthalpy exchangers. a) perforating an unformed plate element with defined outer dimensions in any desired area and in any desired dimension; b) covering at least one side of the unformed plate element with a thin polymer film with latent energy exchange characteristics and; c) forming the plate element into a desired shape and a pattern of corrugations and/or embossing. The operations b) and c) may be performed in a different order. For instance, when the plate element is made out of plastic, b) may be performed before c) whereas, when the plate element is made out of aluminum (or plastic), c) may be performed before b). Operations a) and/or b) and/or c) may also, in certain embodiments, be combined.

Abstract: A heat exchanger assembly embodiment includes a plurality of laminated ceramic tape layers having at least one hole surrounded by at least one tape remainder portion. The plurality of layers is arranged in a build direction defined parallel to a counter-flow plane. Each laminated ceramic tape layer is stacked and sintered to define a ceramic core section integrally formed with a first ceramic manifold and a second ceramic manifold. The ceramic core section of the assembly includes a plurality of spaced apart counter-flow plates stacked along a stacking direction normal to the counter-flow plane and the build direction, defining a plurality of flow passages parallel to the counter-flow plane. Each flow passage is in communication with the first manifold and the second manifold. A plurality of counter-flow fins is disposed in at least one of the plurality of flow passages, between adjacent ones of the plurality of counter-flow plates.

Abstract: A cooling tower is provided having a heat exchange section. A water collection basin located above the heat exchange section. The water collection basin has a plurality of openings that allow water to be distributed downwardly onto the heat exchange section. The water collection basin openings each have a diameter of from 0.2 inch to 0.6 inch.

Abstract: A fluid cooled cold plate includes a main coolant passage with a first cross-sectional area taken laterally in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction and a finned coolant passage having a second cross-sectional area taken laterally in a direction perpendicular to the flow direction, with the second area smaller than the first area. Fluidly connecting the main coolant passage with the finned coolant passage is a branch oriented such that a fluid is turned 90° or more when passing into the branch from the main coolant passage. Also included is a coolant bypass passage in fluid communication with the main coolant passage and located fluidically parallel to the finned coolant passage.

Abstract: A lubricant free firing weapon is provided having amorphous, solid, diamond-like carbon coating (DLC) containing sp3, sp2 carbons and hydrogen bonded to the metallic operating parts. Such firing weapons may further include physical modifications to the bolt carrier rails to enhance the expulsion of sand/dust on the bolt carrier under extreme environments. Also provided herein are plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition processes for producing such lubricant free weapons having coat thicknesses of 1 ?m-25 ?m which allows for reliable operation under all environmental conditions including extreme environments such as hot/cold and sand/dust without the need for lubrication.

Abstract: A pistol is provided, on the plastic housing of which a sliding carriage containing the barrel is guided in the longitudinal direction, which housing has a trigger guard at the transition to a grip stock, and in which housing a locking block is arranged; for an especially light embodiment that is simple to manufacture and nevertheless robust, the locking block forms a unit with the guiding elements of the sliding carriage, which unit is arranged in front of the magazine well and extends forward as far as the trigger guard, as a result of which the guide length is shortened. The locking block is fixed in the housing by a front cross pin and a rear cross pin and accommodates a locking bolt approximately over the second cross pin.

Abstract: A firearm can have a bolt having a plurality of locking lugs that are configured to have a shear area that is larger than that of a standard M16/M4. A bolt carrier can have a bolt that has a double cut cam having an unlocking cam surface that has sufficient dwell increase to delay a start of unlocking when the bolt carrier is used in an M4 carbine. A stepped extractor pin may be provided that prevents disengagement of the extractor pin. A tube can be configured to provide gas from a barrel of the firearm to the piston via the carrier key. The tube can have a heat radiator formed from triangular shaped threads on at least a portion of the tube. A piston on the bolt and can have a plurality of rings including pairs of mating rings that are formed and maintained as a matched pair.

Abstract: A buffer assembly for a firearm includes an internal assembly comprising a plurality of weights and a dead-blow biasing member in the form of a coil compression spring, stack of wave washers, a compression washers, or a compliant portion integrally formed in a rear end cap of the buffer assembly. The dead-blow biasing member is positioned between a flat end of one of the weights and a rear end cap of a buffer body or between flat ends of adjacent weights.

Abstract: An ammunition supply system includes a weapon mounted on an exterior of a fighting vehicle; a magazine loading unit mounted on the exterior of the fighting vehicle and configured to load a magazine for the weapon; a hatch unit configured to form an entrance to allow a combatant to enter and exit the fighting vehicle; and a hatch lifting unit configured to supply power to the hatch unit to move in a vertical direction with respect to the fighting vehicle. The hatch unit includes: a hatch door unit through which the combatant enters and exits the fighting vehicle, and a hatch passage part forming a passage for connecting the hatch door unit and an interior of the fighting vehicle. The hatch passage part includes a first opening facing the magazine loading unit so that the magazine is transferred from the interior of the fighting vehicle to the magazine loading unit without the combatant being exposed to the exterior of the fighting vehicle.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to a firearm capable of holding more than one magazines. In a particular embodiment, the firearm can include an operational magazine well adapted to receive an operational magazine and a secondary magazine well adapted to receive a secondary magazine, wherein the secondary magazine well is nonoperational.

Abstract: An ammunition magazine for semiautomatic firearms has an opening at the end of a tube which is offset from the geometric center of the tube cross section and which is skewed about an axis extending lengthwise along the tube and through the geometrical center. Offset and skew of the opening are achieved by asymmetrically positioning the feed lips defining the opening relatively to the axis as well as angularly orienting the lips relatively to the bore of the tube.

Abstract: A magazine loader/unloader, designed to stand on a table or be handheld during use, includes a loader/unloader housing, including right and left sides, front and rear sides, and a flat bottom plate; a loading structure, including a loading member; and an unloading structure, including top and bottom guides, and an unloading protrusion. Also disclosed is a method of using the magazine loader/unloader, including positioning cartridge, loading cartridge, and unloading cartridge.

Abstract: A gun includes a bolt, a bolt stop member and a shock-absorption device. The bolt is movable forward or backward in a gun body, accumulates a pressure of a buffer spring while moving backward according to manipulation of the gun, and moves forward by releasing the accumulated pressure. The bolt stop member stops the bolt moving forward. The shock-absorption device includes a shock-absorption link which engages with a shock-absorption shaft which acts on the bolt stop member to absorb an impact force applied to the bolt stop member by the engagement of the bolt and the bolt stop portion.

Abstract: The device (8) allows the release of a detachable magazine from the left and right side of the trigger housing of a firearm, and includes a left lever arm (6) pivotable about a left pivot pin (15) and a right lever arm (7) pivotable about a right pivot pin (14). The right lever arm includes a catch (9) to retain a magazine. The left lever arm (6) includes a left lever extension (12), and the right lever arm (7) includes a right lever extension (13), and these lever extensions are coupled together. When the right lever arm (7), together with its push-button (11), is pivoted to the right, the catch disengages and releases the magazine whilst the left lever arm (6) remains immobile.

Abstract: The invention relates to a shot counter for a firearm, which comprises a first magnetic pole, a second magnetic pole, and a coil. The first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole have a polarization opposite to each other. The first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole are configured to pass in response to a fired shot the coil one after the other along the track and to induce in the coil a voltage.

Abstract: A lock system which is included in shotguns that are used by hunters to hunt game animals, characterized in that it is developed to provide safety storage by disassembling the trigger group from the case when the gun is not used and to provide the trigger group to be easily mounted on the case when the gun is used. This provides easy assembly and disassembly procedures of the trigger group on the case via a lock bolt gap, a contact surface and a locking point created on the case belonging to the gun. A stop gap, fitting surface, lock bolt gap, vertical surface, assembly gap, positioning gap and operating gap are created on the trigger guard of the trigger group. A lock bolt contacted with a cap pin extends through the assembly gap by positioning in the lock bolt gap created on the trigger group.

Abstract: A modified trigger assembly for a handgun has a shortened trigger bar with an angled end that engages a connector to form a gap that reduces potential energy between the trigger bar and the connector, such that the connector is inhibited from disengaging from the trigger bar when the trigger is pulled or released. A gap forms between an angled end of the trigger bar and a first end of the connector. The gap and the shortened length of the trigger bar reduce potential energy forces that could disengage the connector from the trigger bar. By remaining engaged with the trigger bar, the connector is prevented from resetting to a natural position; and consequently, the handgun can discharge from both a trigger pull position and a trigger release position. Consequently, a repeated shot occurs when releasing the trigger after a natural triggering movement of pulling a trigger.

Abstract: Examples include a threaded coupler for connecting two portions of a firearm sound suppressor housing together. The threaded coupler includes a sound suppressing baffle. Using the coupler and its integrated baffle provides additional sound suppression compared to sound suppressors with other types of connectors between housing portions.

Abstract: A firearm stabilization device is described that can be attached to a firearm to improve, increase, or maintain the stability of a firearm. The firearm stabilization device may include an electric motor configured to rotate a flywheel about an axis of rotation and a power source powering the electric motor. The electric motor, the flywheel, and the power source may be positioned within a housing. The fire arm stabilization device may include an engagement structure positioned on an outer surface of the housing for attaching (releasably or permanently) the firearm stabilization device to a firearm.

Abstract: Pistols have a body having a grip, the body having a trigger guard, the body having an upper slide interface surface defining a slide interface plane, the body having a first mounting facility at a forward end below the slide interface plane and at a level above at least a portion of the trigger guard, a dust cover having a rear end having a second mounting facility adapted to removably dock with the first mounting facility in an attached position, the dust cover defining an upper surface in the slide interface plane when the dust cover is in the attached position, and the first mounting facility and second mounting facility comprising a sliding interface. The sliding interface may be a dovetail feature.

Abstract: A detachable firearm accessory is provided to enhance stability of a shooting position when attached to the forestock of a firearm. Configurations of a detachable leg bipod system or device provide for the legs of the bipod system or device to be removable and separately stowable with the bipod system, or apart from the bipod system, in order to potentially reduce the weight, and/or streamline the protruding profile/parts, of the bipod system or device remaining attached to the forestock of the firearm for carriage. Removability of the legs may otherwise enhance or increase the flexibility for the shooter in his or her ability to differentially employ the particularly-configured base or connection portion of the bipod system or device, apart from the legs, as one or more of a barricade stop, or a sill or frame saddle stop.

Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a rifle rest comprising a base, a support protruding from the base, a lever which is coupled to the support via a joint, a support element which is connected to the lever, a rifle holder which is coupled to the lever and comprises a pad, and wherein the pad is configured to be moved by changing a position of the support element.

Abstract: Embodiments for a support and apparatus system for firearms are provided. The system includes a tripod adapter base, a machined magazine well block shaped to fit inside the magazine well of a firearm, magazine well blocks that have identical magazine release features of an actual firearm magazine, a magnetic container apparatus, and various attachment mechanisms including electrical power supplies for powering lights, lasers, and mobile phones.