Abstract: A method, a system, and a use of the system, for fusing sensor signals with different temporal signal output delays into a fusion data set. Each of at least three different sensor signals describe a measured value of at least three different sensor systems. The signal output delays are unique to the sensor. Each sensor signal includes a timestamp describing a detection time of the measured value. Erroneous measured values of a first sensor system are determined by a comparison with the measured values of other sensor systems. The erroneous values are considered constant at least for the duration between two consecutive comparisons. The erroneous values and/or the measured values are available for a specified time. The erroneous values and/or the measured values of the first sensor system constant are corrected by a correction process, and corrections carried out during the time period are considered when applying additional corrections.

Abstract: A system for detecting mechanical failure of a connection between a variable differential transformer and a controlled element. The sensor system includes a variable differential transformer with a housing encapsulating a first coil, a bore in the housing, wherein the bore is adjacent to the first coil, a core disposed in the bore, a shaft connectible between the core, at a first end, and the controlled element, at a second end, and a biasing element connected to the shaft. Responsive to a break in the shaft, the biasing element moves the core to an out-of-range position detectable by at least the first coil.

Abstract: A wireless system for determining the displacement of spinning components of a differential assembly, including a differential case having a hollow interior space; a differential assembly having an actuator including an electromagnet having a coil, a spinning component selectively engaged with a differential gear arrangement and at least one sensor assembly non-rotatably mounted to the differential case including at least one sensor communicatively coupled to a printed circuit board, a transmitter and a power source. The sensor assembly extends axially and radially within the differential case and at least one sensor is-configured to directly sense the axial displacement of the spinning component and the sensor assembly is configured generate a signal representing the axial displacement of the spinning component into a signal that is wirelessly transmitted to a receiver positioned outside the differential case.

Abstract: A device for measuring an angular position, comprising a rotating body (3) that oscillates relative to a supporting body (2) between two limit positions which are rotated one relative to the other by an angle of oscillation ? with amplitude that is less than or equal to 150°, a permanent magnet (5) that extends along an arc of extension that corresponds to an arc of a circle centred on the main axis of rotation (4), the arc of extension subtending an angle of extension ?, and a magnetic sensor (6) positioned eccentrically relative to the main axis of rotation (4); the permanent magnet (5) and the magnetic sensor (6) being fixed one to the rotating body (3) and the other to the supporting body (2), and always being magnetically coupled; the following relation applying between the angle of extension ? of the permanent magnet (5) and the angle of oscillation ?: ?>??30°, and the permanent magnet (5) being diametrally polarized and having a direction of polarization (12) that forms an angle that is less than

Abstract: A magnetic field sensor is disclosed that includes at least one magneto-resistive spin-valve sensor element configured to sense a first magnetic field component H1, and at least one AMR sensor element configured to sense a second magnetic field component H2 which is perpendicular to the first magnetic field component H1. In one example the at least one magneto-resistive spin-valve sensor element is a tunnel magneto-resistive (TMR) or giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensor, and in one example the AMR sensor element includes an antiferromagnetic layer coupled to a ferromagnetic layer generating a bias magnetization for the AMR sensor element.

Abstract: A displacement sensor includes a resistive element and a wiper element. The wiper element is separated from the resistive element in a parked mode the wiper element is in sliding electrical contact with the resistive element in a sensing mode. A user input interface may be coupled to at least one of the resistive element and the wiper element, wherein whether the displacement sensor is in the parked mode or the sensing mode is dependent on actuation of the user input interface.

Abstract: A device rotates at least one static magnetic field about an axis, producing a rotating magnetic dipole field, and is movable in relation to the surface of the ground. The field is periodically sensed using a receiver to produce a receiver output responsive to the field. A positional relationship between the receiver and the device is monitored using the output. In one aspect, changing the positional relationship, by moving the device nearer to a boring tool which supports the receiver, causes an increase in accuracy of depth determination. In another aspect, determination of an actual overhead position of the boring tool, and its application, are described. Use of a plurality of measurements over at least one-half revolution of each magnet is disclosed. Establishing a surface radial direction toward a boring tool and resolution of multi-valued parameters is described. Calibration techniques, as well as a three transmitter configuration are also described.

Abstract: Adjusting emulated encoder frequencies in an example embodiment can include determining a difference between an encoder count and a theoretical encoder count and adjusting a frequency of an emulated encoder signal to mitigate at least some of the difference between the encoder count and the theoretical encoder count.

Abstract: An electronic position encoder comprises a scale including a periodic scale pattern along a measuring axis direction having a scale period Ps, and a detector portion comprising a first group of sensing elements, a second group of sensing elements, and a signal processing configuration. The second group of sensing elements is located at a group position which is equal to K2*Ps+PS/M relative to the first group of sensing elements along the measuring axis direction, where K2 and M are integers. The signal processing configuration independently acquires a first set of detector signals from the first group of sensing elements, and a second set of detector signals from the second group of sensing elements, and determines a relative position between the detector portion and the scale pattern based on the first set of detector signals and the second set of detector signals.

Abstract: A sensing module apparatus is provided for monitoring a vibrating machine or structure, such as a pump, which include three mounting points on the apparatus for securely mounting the apparatus to the vibrating machine or structure. The three-point mount configuration provides the sensor module with a very rigid mount connection to virtually any surface condition, including flat, curved or irregular. All six degrees of freedom (X, Y, Z, theta-X, theta-Y and theta-Z) are properly constrained. The three-point mount also provides an air barrier or gap between the sensing module and the equipment surface, allowing the sensor to be mounted to higher surface temperature devices.

Abstract: Provided is a method for angle calibration of a rotary shaft, including: attaching a calibrating angular sensor to a first rotary shaft of an industrial machine including a plurality of rotary shafts and a control unit that controls the rotary shafts based on an angle detected by a controlling angular sensor provided for each rotary shaft, the calibrating angular sensor being more precise than the controlling angular sensor; connecting the calibrating angular sensor in place of the controlling angular sensor of a second rotary shaft; rotating the first rotary shaft; calculating a difference between a first angle of the first rotary shaft detected by the controlling angular sensor and a second angle of the first rotary shaft detected by the calibrating angular sensor; and storing the calculated difference as a calibration value for an angle of rotation of the first rotary shaft.

Abstract: A device for measuring the flow rate of a fluid, including a bladed impeller mounted in the conduit to be driven in rotation by the flow of the fluid, and to which at least one magnet is fixed, and a magnetic field sensor arranged near the conduit to generate a signal each time the magnet of the impeller, passes thereby. The number of signals generated by the sensor in a period of time is representative of the flow rate of the fluid.

Abstract: A flow meter (10) for liquids, the meter having a measurement casing (12) with a first connection (20) and a second connection (22), a measuring unit (24) pivoted to the measurement casing (12), with a sensor element (26), a sensor casing (14) that can be coupled to the measurement casing (12) and which partially encompasses the measurement casing, with a sensor (28) that responds to the sensor element (26) for determining the quantity of liquid flowing through the measurement casing. To facilitate easy assembly and subsequent adjustment of the sensor casing (14) with a fixed measurement casing (12), the measurement casing (12) is designed as a measuring tube and has a closed cylindrical surface (38), and that the sensor casing (14) has a recess (46) matched to the cylindrical surface (38) and is arranged coaxially with the measurement casing (12) and pivoted to the latter in the circumferential direction.

Abstract: A water usage monitor can include a housing having a fluid flow path, a fluid inlet in fluid communication with the fluid flow path, and a fluid outlet in fluid communication with the fluid flow path. The housing can include a dry housing interior fluidly isolated from the fluid flow path. The monitor preferably includes a power generator configured to generate a voltage when fluid flows through the fluid flow path and at least one sensor configured to measure at least one characteristic of a fluid flowing through the fluid flow path. The monitor can include a signal generator configured transmit signals from the power generator and from the at least one sensor to a remote processor. The power generator can be configured to power both the at least one sensor and the signal generator in response to fluid flow through the fluid flow path.

Abstract: A method, structure and system for capacitive sensing is provided. The structure includes: one or more first conductive lines arranged in a first arrangement in relation to a first substrate, one or more second conductive lines connected arranged in a second arrangement in relation to a second substrate, one or more first vias embedded on the first substrate and connecting one or more first electrodes to each respective one of the one or more first conductive lines; and one or more second vias embedded on the second substrate and connecting the one or more second electrodes to each respective one of the one or more second conductive lines, where the one or more first conductive electrodes and the second one or more electrodes are parallel and overlapping with respect to one another, and, where i) the first conductive electrodes and ii) the second conductive electrodes form a two-dimensional configuration.

Abstract: Multiphase flow regimes in downhole or surface flow lines are made identifiable by forming images of the flow based on data obtained by flow regime metering of the flow. The flow regime metering data are gathered and processed in a format in which it can be subjected to face recognition processing of the type used for recognition of the faces of persons, and also to Bayesian classification techniques. Identification capabilities are particularly enhanced in flow regimes where gas bubbles or large amounts of free gas cause clutter and multiple reflections in the metering data.

Abstract: A fluid flow meter system for monitoring fluid flow through a lumen includes a first ultrasonic transducer configured to transmit one or more versions of a transmit (TX) signal through a fluid flowing within the lumen, and a second ultrasonic transducer configured to receive one or more respective receive (RX) signals. The fluid flow meter system includes an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) configured to sample, at a first frequency, the one or more RX ultrasonic signals and a processor configured to generate a fine resolution signal based on the one or more RX ultrasonic signals. The fine resolution signal is associated with a second sampling rate higher than the first sampling rate. The processor is also configured to compute a cross-correlation signal indicative of cross-correlation between the fine resolution signal and a waveform and determine an estimated fluid flow parameter based on the computed cross-correlation signal.

Abstract: A flow monitoring system for monitoring fluid flow. The flow monitoring system including a conduit, a first transducer, a second transducer, and a flow diverter. The conduit has an inner surface that defines a flow channel extending through the conduit. The conduit defines a bore extending from the inner surface to an outer surface. The first transducer is positioned within the bore of the conduit, such that at least a portion of the first transducer extends into the flow channel. The second transducer is positioned such that the second transducer can send and receive signals propagating through at least a portion of the flow channel to and from the first transducer. The flow diverter is positioned within the flow channel of the conduit adjacent to the first transducer and the second transducer.

Abstract: A flow rate meter has (i) a housing therein defines a bypass path in which a part of the main flow flows, and (ii) a flow rate sensor that is arranged in the bypass path. The housing has a sidewall arranged to extend along a main flow direction. The bypass path has, as an outlet, a through-hole that is defined in the sidewall. The flow rate meter further has a plate member that is arranged to face the sidewall and defines a space into which a part of the main flow flowing outside of the housing flows. The plate member is arranged parallel with the sidewall and intersects with a center line that is perpendicular to the main flow direction and passes through a center of the through-hole.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining fluid inflow to a well are described. In one example, a method comprise determining a first fluid flow velocity profile from slug tracking and determining a second fluid flow velocity profile from an estimate of fluid inflow at each of a plurality of perforations in a well. The first and second fluid flow velocity profiles are combined to provide a combined velocity profile. An indication of fluid inflow at least one perforation is derived from the combined velocity profile.

Abstract: Provided is a Coriolis flow sensor assembly that includes a fluid flow assembly, including a flow tube, wherein the fluid flow assembly is configured to provide a flow path through the flow tube. The flow tube has at least one region of increased stiffness, which may be a result of a structural support component coupled to the flow tube. In another embodiment, the increased stiffness is caused by integral properties of the flow tube.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metering nozzle used with a squeezable bottle for dispensing a fixed amount of fluid from the bottle. A dispensing chamber volume of the metering nozzle may be adjusted to adjust the volume of fluid dispensed from the bottle. The nozzle allows the fixed amount of fluid to be measured and then dispensed without returning into the bottle by utilizing a movable piston, shuttling between the nozzle inlet and the nozzle outlet by applying a compression force to the bottle against a biasing force of a spring.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for monitoring at least one media-specific property of a medium in automation technology with a measuring probe, wherein the at least one media-specific property is ascertained in a conductive operating mode and in a capacitive operating mode of the measuring probe. The conductive operating mode and the capacitive operating mode are operated alternately, wherein based on the measured values, which are ascertained in at least one of the two operating modes, it is checked, whether the at least one media-specific property to be monitored lies within a predetermined tolerance band, and wherein a report and/or a switching signal is generated, when the at least one media-specific property to be monitored lies outside of the predetermined tolerance band.

Abstract: A level sensor for detecting the level of a medium contained in a vessel comprises: an array of capacitive elements designed to be associated with the vessel (1), comprising a plurality of electrodes (J1-Jn), spaced apart from each other along an axis of detection (X), an insulation layer (16) for electrically insulating the electrodes (J1-Jn) with respect to the inside of the vessel (1), a controller (24) having a plurality of inputs. Each capacitive element comprises at least one of a single electrode and a group of electrodes connected in common to each other, the single electrode or the group of electrodes being connected to a respective input of the plurality of inputs. The controller (24) is prearranged for discriminating a value of electrical capacitance associated with each electrode (J1-Jn) to deduce the level of the medium present in the vessel.

Abstract: The invention relates to a radar level gauge comprising a signal generator for generating electromagnetic waves and an antenna for emitting the electromagnetic waves in a container and for receiving electromagnetic waves reflected by the container. The radar level gauge also comprises a safety device for verifying the functional capability or for improving the measuring quality of the radar level gauge, said safety device having a reflector and an adjustment device and/or a reduction device and being suitably designed to adjust the reflector and/or the reduction device at least between a first position, in which the reflector reflects the electromagnetic waves and a second position, in which the reflector reflects the electromagnetic waves in a reduced manner. The safety device also has at least one additional sensor for detecting a measured variable in the container.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining the fill level of a fill substance in a container, comprising at least one antenna element. The at least one antenna element has a hollow conductor, wherein there is arranged at a first end region of the hollow conductor a coupling element for the out-coupling of transmission signals and for the in-coupling of received signals, wherein there is arranged at a second end region of the hollow conductor a radiating element directed toward the fill substance, a transmitting/receiving unit having a signal generator for producing the transmission signals. The transmitting/receiving unit determines the fill level of the fill substance in the container based on the travel time of the transmission- and received signals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a field device adapted to determine a process parameter value related to a tank, the field device comprising a terminal block with: a first interface configured to connect to two wires of a loop; a first electrical conductor and a second electrical conductor for connecting the first interface with field device electronics, the second electrical conductor having a voltage drop generating element; a first power supply conductor connected to said second electrical conductor upstream of the voltage drop generating element and a second power supply conductor connected to said second electrical conductor downstream of the voltage drop generating element; and a second, auxiliary interface adapted for wired connection to an external device and configured at least for communication with said external device, wherein the second auxiliary interface comprises a communications connector which is galvanically isolated from the field device electronics.

Abstract: A load measuring device for a railcar bogie in which a vibrationproof rubber between an axle box and a bogie frame includes a vertical load fluctuation sensor in parallel with the vibrationproof rubber and configured to deform in conjunction with elastic deformation of the vibrationproof rubber in a vertical direction, the vibrationproof rubber supporting a downward load from the bogie frame. The vertical load fluctuation sensor changes an electric output by the deformation of the vertical load fluctuation sensor in conjunction with the elastic deformation of the vibrationproof rubber in the vertical direction.

Abstract: Described is unit for weighing containers (2) comprising a line (4) for transporting the containers (2) extending along a first path (P) which passes through a region (R1) for weighing and provided with a plurality of seats (5) for supporting the containers (2) arranged in succession along the first path (P); a plurality of elements (6) for vertical movement of the containers (2), each configured at the weighing region (R1) to make contact with and move vertically one of the containers (2) so as to place it in a raised position (PS1) disengaged from the corresponding supporting seat (5); a plurality of elements (7) for retaining the containers (2), each configured for retaining one of the containers (2) in the raised position (PS1); a plurality of weighing devices (8), each associated to, and carrying, a retaining element (7) for measuring the weight of a container (2) retained by the retaining element (7).

Abstract: A method of delivering a set of nonuniform cannabis inflorescences (“buds”) that fit within a target weight range. The method includes iteratively weighing a bud and automatically placing the weighed bud into one holding bin, out of a set of holding bins and automatically determining if the weight of any combination of the contents of the set of holding bins fits within the target weight range. When a combination of the contents of the holding bins fits within the target weight range, combining these holding bin contents together.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided including a sensor configured to measure weight of a food item, a first interface configured to receive an identification of the food item, and a processor. The processor is configured to calculate how much of the food item has been consumed based on the measured weight, and to calculate, via a second interface in communication with a server, how many calories of the food item have been consumed based on the measured weight and the identification of the item and cause display of how many calories of the food item have been consumed to a first user.

Abstract: A weighing scale is provided at a product processing workstation having a horizontal bed for supporting a horizontal bed window and an upright raised tower for supporting an upright tower window. A platter is mounted on the scale for joint movement therewith. The platter has a horizontal platter portion at least partly overlying the horizontal bed, and an upright platter portion at least partly overlying the raised tower. A guard on the upright platter portion overlies parts of the workstation for reducing weighing errors associated with weighing a product on the scale. The guard prevents the product from contacting and resting on the parts of the workstation and from being erroneously weighed.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose an ambient light acquisition method, an ambient light acquisition device, and an ambient light analysis method. An ambient light acquisition method includes acquiring an ambient light parameter of a target area, converting the ambient light parameter into a protocol type parameter in accordance with a predetermined wired communication protocol; and transmitting the protocol type parameter to an ambient light analysis device through a wired communication route corresponding to the predetermined wired communication protocol.

Abstract: A radiation sensor apparatus for determining a position and/or power of a radiation beam, the radiation sensor apparatus including a chamber to contain a gas, one or more sensors, and a processor. The chamber has a first opening and a second opening such that a radiation beam can enter the chamber through the first opening, propagate through the chamber generally along an axis, and exit the chamber through the second opening. Each of the one or more sensors is arranged to receive and detect radiation emitted from a region of the chamber around the axis. The processor is operable to use the radiation detected by the one or more sensors to determine a position and/or power of the radiation beam.

Abstract: A spectrometer system including a spectrometer device, a mobile apparatus and a cloud server is provided. The spectrometer device scans a target object according to one of a plurality of sets of spectral scan setting parameters to generate spectral data. The mobile apparatus sets the spectrometer device to select one set from the plurality of sets spectral scan setting parameters for scanning the target object. The mobile apparatus receives the spectral data from the spectrometer device and outputs the spectral data. The cloud server stores detection models and the spectral data received from the mobile apparatus, and analyzes the spectral data according to one of the detection models to output an analysis result to the mobile apparatus. The spectrometer system can reduce network transmission traffic and prevent object analysis and model building from being affected by unregulated spectral data so correctness of spectral scan can be controlled.

Abstract: Described herein are optical sensing devices for photonic integrated circuits (PICs). A PIC may comprise a plurality of waveguides formed in a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, and a plurality of heterogeneous lasers, each laser formed from a silicon material of the SOI substrate and to emit an output wavelength comprising an infrared wavelength. Each of these lasers may comprise a resonant cavity included in one of the plurality of waveguides, and a gain material comprising a non-silicon material and adiabatically coupled to the respective waveguide. A light directing element may direct outputs of the plurality of heterogeneous lasers from the PIC towards an object, and one or more detectors may detect light from the plurality of heterogeneous lasers reflected from or transmitted through the object.

Abstract: There is provided an optical characteristic measurement system that can be set up in a relatively short time and can increase a detection sensitivity. The optical characteristic measurement system includes a first measurement apparatus. The first measurement apparatus includes: a first detection element arranged in a housing; a first cooling unit at least partially joined to the first detection element that cools the detection element; and a suppression mechanism that suppresses temperature variations occurring around the detection element in the housing.

Abstract: There is provided an optical characteristic measurement system that can be set up in a relatively short time and can increase a detection sensitivity. The optical characteristic measurement system includes a first measurement apparatus. The first measurement apparatus includes: a first detection element arranged in a housing; a first cooling unit at least partially joined to the first detection element that cools the detection element; and a suppression mechanism that suppresses temperature variations occurring around the detection element in the housing.

Abstract: An optical module includes an actuator that includes a movable part to be moved along a predetermined direction; a first interference optical system that includes a first movable mirror, a first stationary mirror, and a first beam splitter; and a second interference optical system that includes a second movable mirror, a second stationary mirror, and a second beam splitter. The first interference optical system is adapted so that first light reciprocates m times (m is a natural number) between the first beam splitter and the first movable mirror along the predetermined direction. The second interference optical system is adapted so that second light reciprocates n times (n is a natural number greater than m) between the second beam splitter and the second movable mirror along the predetermined direction.

Abstract: An image processing apparatus including a display unit includes a processor and a memory storing instructions, when executed by the processor, causing the image processing apparatus to function as a detection unit that detects occurrence of a sheet jammed inside the image processing apparatus and a display control unit that displays a screen based on detection of the occurrence of the jammed sheet. The screen includes a first region for displaying work that a user carries out to remove jammed sheets from inside the image processing apparatus and a second region for displaying work that the user carries out after removing the jammed sheets from inside the image processing apparatus.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatus for providing electromagnetic radiation sensing. The apparatus includes a radiation detection sensor including a plurality of micromechanical radiation sensing pixels having a reflecting top surface and configured to deflect light incident on the reflective surface as a function of an intensity of sensed radiation. In some implementations, the apparatus has equal sensitivities for at least some of the sensing pixels. In some implementations, the apparatus can provide adjustable sensitivity and measurement range. The apparatus can be utilized for human detection, fire detection, gas detection, temperature measurements, environmental monitoring, energy saving, behavior analysis, surveillance, information gathering and for human-machine interfaces.

Abstract: A hybrid plasmonic-pyroelectric detector and laser detection system is disclosed. The hybrid plasmonic-pyroelectric detector includes a substrate and a refractory ground plane mounted on a surface of the substrate. A plasmonic array defines a plurality of apertures formed in the array. A highly-oriented pyroelectric layer is mounted on a surface of the ground plane and a surface of the plasmonic array. The plasmonic array is constructed and arranged to select particular wavelengths. Alternatively, a semiconductor or an avalanche material may be used. A pair of electrode contacts are coupled to each of the plasmonic array and the refractory ground plane. A laser detection system in accordance with the disclosure includes a mechanical chopper, a lens, a folding mirror, and a chip carrier for mounting the hybrid plasmonic-pyroelectric detector.

Abstract: In order to align the various components of an instrument, the beam produced by a spectrally-controlled light source is aligned with the optical axis of the instrument and the first component is placed at its predetermined position along the optical axis. Then, configuring the spectral modulation of the source such that one surface of the component is used as the reference surface, the spectrum of the source is modulated so as to produce a correlogram formed by reflections from the reference surface and from the other surface of the optical component. The correct alignment of the component is determined by adjusting its position so as to cause the correlogram to conform to the bullseye configuration that meets predetermined design parameters. The procedure is repeated with each other component of the instrument, the alignment of each component being based on interference fringes created independently of other components.

Abstract: A temperature sensor includes a temperature detector, an element electrode wire, a lead wire, and an intermediate member. Each of the lead wire and the intermediate member is made of a Ni-based alloy or an Fe-based alloy. The element electrode wire and the intermediate member are welded together in such a manner that opposing surfaces, facing each other abut against each other to constitute an element-side weld. The intermediate member and the lead wire are welded together such that they overlap each other in a longitudinal direction Z to constitute a lead-side weld. The lead wire is extended closer to the temperature detector than the element-side weld is located. A gap between the element electrode wire and the lead wire at least in the longitudinal direction Z is filled with a filler. The element electrode wire, the element-side weld, and the lead wire are fixed to one another by the filler.

Abstract: A total air temperature probe includes a housing defining a total air temperature sensor flow passage and a sensor assembly positioned within the total air temperature sensor flow passage. The sensor assembly includes an element flow tube, and a sensing element within the element flow tube. An upper portion of the element flow tube is an entrance including a plurality of protrusions that extend in an upstream direction.

Abstract: Systems and methods for sensing, measuring, or monitoring the temperature of an electrical transmission line of an electrical cable, are provided. A temperature sensitive inductor is disposed in thermal contact with the electrical transmission line. The temperature of the electrical transmission line can be sensed, measured, or monitored by measuring the inductance of the temperature sensitive inductor. Mechanisms and methods to eliminate, minimize, or account for the magnetic coupling between the current carried by the electrical transmission line and the temperature sensitive inductor are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for measuring the human body temperature. It comprises of an infrared temperature sensor for performing temperature sampling on a plurality M×N of sampling points, M?3, N?3. The temperatures of the sampling points with temperatures within the effective temperature range of the human body are averaged to obtain the body temperature of the human body. By collecting the temperatures of a plurality of sampling points of the measured object, the invention effectively avoids the errors that measurement of single point may produce (as may be caused by factors such as the environment); by screening for temperatures within the effective temperature range of the human body, the invention effectively avoids errors or interference produced by factors such as clothing or the environment. The improved accuracy and real-time measurement of body temperature bring convenience to people's lives.

Abstract: The present invention is a temperature sensor for cryogenic systems using a fiber optic interrogation system that is capable of a large number of temperature readings across the cryogenic environment at high resolutions. The invention also includes a method of using such a system to measure temperatures in a cryogenic environment and a method of making such a system.

Abstract: A force/torque sensor comprising a Tool Adapter Plate (TAP) connected to a Mounting Adapter Plate (TAP) by one or more radially-spaced, deformable beams features a pair of strain gages affixed to only one surface of each beam. The two strain gages are affixed to, e.g., the top surface on either side of, and spaced away from, a neutral axis of the beam. This enables a very compact sensor design, in one embodiment, machined from a single piece of metal stock. The two sensors may be connected in a quarter bridge topology. In one embodiment, another pair of strain gages is affixed to the same side of the beam, and the four gages are wired in a half-bridge topology.

Abstract: Disclosed is an inch pounds per turn (IPPT) computing device that provides for the calculation of IPPT of a garage door spring coil. The IPPT computing device computes the IPPT required of the garage door spring coil by measuring the strain induced on a calibrated shaft used to lift the weight of the garage door. The IPPT computing device is inserted into the winding end cone of a garage door torsion spring assembly, and the door is slightly lifted off of the floor. This measurement is done by disabling the cable ends spring end so the counterbalance force is removed from the door. The IPPT tool measures the torque (strain on the calibrated rod) needed to lift the door and inputs the torque value automatically into an IPPT calculator mounted on the tool. When other door parameters are entered into the calculator, the IPPT is calculated.