Abstract: A power transmission structure of a hybrid vehicle includes a motor generator, a first clutch, a second clutch, a third clutch, an engine, a motor, and an output shaft transferring power generated by the engine and power generated by the motor to a transmission. The motor is disposed parallel to the engine, the output shaft extends through a central portion of the motor and is connected to the transmission. The first clutch and the second clutch are disposed as a double clutch on the output shaft between the engine and the motor. The third clutch is disposed between the motor and the transmission to enable and disable power to be transferred via the output shaft.

Abstract: A power transmission system includes: a power source; a first motor generator unit; a system power output portion; a first and a second mode conversion devices. The power source and the first motor generator unit is connected to or disconnected from the system power output portion through the first mode conversion device. The power source can be connected to or disconnected from the first mode conversion device through the second mode conversion device. The second mode conversion device includes a conversion device input shaft, a first conversion device intermediate shaft and a conversion device output shaft, and the conversion device output shaft is connected to the first motor generator unit; and power from the power source is suitable for being decelerated sequentially through the conversion device input shaft, the first conversion device intermediate shaft and the conversion device output shaft and then output to the first mode conversion device.

Abstract: A power transmission system includes: a power source; a speed change unit, where the speed change unit is selectively power-coupled to the power source; a first motor generator unit; a system power output portion; and a mode conversion device, where the mode conversion device includes: a conversion device input portion and a conversion device output portion, the conversion device input portion outputs power from at least one of the power source and the first motor generator unit, the conversion device output portion is connected to an input end of the system power output portion, and the conversion device input portion is selectively power-coupled to the conversion device output portion; and when the conversion device input portion is power-coupled to the conversion device output portion, the rotational speed of the conversion device input portion is greater than or equal to the rotational speed of the conversion device output portion.

Abstract: A vehicle cooling system includes a circulation flow path section which has a first flow path section and a second flow path section, and a solenoid valve which can switch between an open state in which the first flow path section and the second flow path section are connected and a closed state in which the first flow path section and the second flow path section are blocked. The circulation flow path section includes a valve body accommodating section configured to include a first accommodating section and a second accommodating section which connects the first flow path section and the second flow path section in the open state, and a connection flow path section whose one end is connected to the first flow path section. The other end of the connection flow path section opens to the first accommodating section.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for cooling an electric drivetrain of an electric vehicle. The electric drivetrain can include an inverter, a gearbox and a motor. A first cooling system can use ethylene glycol and water (EGW) based coolant, and can include an EGW coolant loop to distribute the EGW based coolant to remove heat from a cold plate of the inverter, a housing of the gearbox, and a housing of the motor. A second cooling system can use an oil based coolant, and can include an oil coolant loop to distribute the oil based coolant to remove heat from internal components and the housing of the gearbox, and to remove heat from internal components and the housing of the motor. The second cooling system can include an oil coolant pump to control a flow of the oil based coolant through the oil coolant loop.

Abstract: A lock pin is arranged so as to be projected from a side wall of a concave region, in which a fuel filler port of a vehicle is arranged, toward the inside of the concave region. In addition, a retainer placed around the lock pin on an inner side of the side wall of the concave region and a protector supported by the retainer so as to be placed in a region close to the lock pin are provided. The protector has a detent pin to prevent the retainer from rotating relative to the lock pin.

Abstract: A vehicle has a frame defining a cockpit area. The frame has a roll cage disposed over the cockpit area. The vehicle has driver and passenger seats, an engine connected to the frame, and a plurality of ground engaging members operatively connected to the frame, at least one ground engaging member of the plurality of ground engaging members being operatively connected to the engine. The vehicle also has a fuel tank assembly including a fuel tank connected to the frame. The fuel tank is forward of the seats and at least a portion of the fuel tank is disposed under the roll cage.

Abstract: A vehicle understructure includes a hydrogen tank that is disposed along a longitudinal axis of a vehicle. At least an upper portion of the hydrogen tank is enclosed in a floor tunnel. The hydrogen tank includes dome portions that are disposed at both ends of a cylindrical center body portion of the tank, and at least one valve portion that protrudes from at least one of the dome portions. The vehicle understructure also includes a brace that extends along a transverse axis of the vehicle and is secured to transversely outer side portions of the floor tunnel. The brace is at least partially overlapped with at least one of the dome portions when viewed from the front or rear of the vehicle.

Abstract: A wave eliminating plate 12 located within a tank shell 11 is provided with inflow ports 15A, 15B into which a fuel moving within the tank shell 11 flows and outflow ports 17A, 17B from which the fuel flowing from the inflow ports 15A, 15B flows in a different direction from an inflow direction. In addition, by inertia force due to the acceleration, deceleration, turning or the like of a vehicle, the fuel moving within the tank shell 11 is caused to change the flow direction while it flows from the inflow ports 15A, 15B of the wave eliminating plate 12 and flows out of the outflow ports 17A, 17B so that the fuel flowing out of the outflow ports 17A, 17B generates a vortex.

Abstract: An epicyclic gearbox with an integral arrangement of meshing gear elements, including an annulus gear, planet gears, and sun gears, to transfer power from a motive power source to a driven element with a range of applications is provided. The annulus gear, in contact with the power source, forms an exterior gearbox input and is in meshing contact with a number of stepped planet gears supported on floating planet carriers. Each stepped planet gear is positioned internally of the annulus gear and includes two planet stages in meshing contact with corresponding sun gear stages. One of the sun gear stages is an interior gearbox output and transfers power to a machine or device to be driven. Meshing surfaces of the gear elements support helical teeth or spur teeth, with numbers of teeth on meshing gear elements selected for optimal torque transfer from the exterior input to the interior output.

Abstract: A motor vehicle includes a motor and a transmission including a drive shaft driven by the motor and connecting the motor to the transmission, a first output shaft extending along the vehicle longitudinal axis in the one direction, which first output shaft is connected to a wheel axle by a first differential, and a second output shaft extending along the vehicle longitudinal axis in the opposite direction, which second output shaft is connected to a second wheel axle by a second differential, characterized in that the drive shaft is disposed in the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle and the first and the second output shaft are disposed on opposing sides relative to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle with identical spacing with respect to the longitudinal axis of the motor vehicle.

Abstract: A vehicle control apparatus capable of executing control to cause a vehicle to automatically follow a preceding vehicle, includes a determination unit configured to determine, based on internal information of the vehicle, whether to request an increase of a cruising speed of the preceding vehicle during automatic following to the preceding vehicle, and a request transmission unit configured to transmit an increase request for requesting to increase the cruising speed of the preceding vehicle in a case in which the determination unit determines to request the increase of the cruising speed.

Abstract: The vehicular display device includes: a touchscreen disposed substantially at a center position in a vehicle width direction in front of a cockpit of a vehicle; a reception section at least partially provided to the touchscreen and configured to receive operation input from a user; and a display control section configured to display, on a display screen of the touchscreen, a first screen corresponding to a first function and a second screen corresponding to a second function such that the first screen and the second screen are arrayed in a left-right direction, the display control section being configured to perform, in accordance with a predetermined first instruction operation received by the reception section, switching control in which a display position of the first screen and a display position of at least a part of display content on the second screen are switched in the display screen.

Abstract: An HUD to be built in a construction machine includes an overlapping area detecting unit that detects a first overlapping area of a projection area and a bucket observed from a driver's seat; and a display control unit. In a state where a distance between a second overlapping area and the first overlapping area exceeds a threshold, the second overlapping area being an overlapping area of the projection area and a structure observed from the driver's seat, the display control unit performs tracking control in which a projection display unit is caused to display a virtual image based on operation support information while retaining a predetermined positional relationship with the first overlapping area. In a state where the distance is less than or equal to the threshold, the display control unit selects and performs either first control or the tracking control.

Abstract: A vehicle display control device, when a steering wheel is at a steering angle position of a neutral position or the vicinity thereof, if a right hand sensor detects gripping of the steering wheel, turns off light sources of memory buttons and operation buttons that can be operated with a right hand, and if a left hand sensor detects the gripping, turns off a light source of air conditioning related buttons and hides touch buttons of a touch panel display that can be operated with a left hand. The vehicle display control device, if the right hand sensor does not detect the gripping, turns on the light sources of the memory buttons and the operation buttons, and if the left hand sensor does not detect the gripping, turns on the light source of the air conditioning related buttons and displays the touch buttons on the touch panel display.

Abstract: A motor vehicle with an electric motor, in particular a hybrid or electric vehicle, has a high-voltage vehicle electrical system with a high-voltage stored energy source which supplies electrical energy to the electric motor for driving the motor vehicle, and a low-voltage vehicle electrical system for supplying electricity to a number of consumers in the motor vehicle. An electrical signal path is provided between the low-voltage vehicle electrical system and the high-voltage vehicle electrical system and powered by the voltage from the low-voltage vehicle electrical system. A controller in the motor vehicle is configured to cause a predetermined change of the signal on the signal path from a first signal state to a second signal state, wherein the first signal state indicates normal operation of the motor vehicle and the second signal state indicates an emergency state of operation of the motor vehicle which deviates from normal operation.

Abstract: An interruption device is provided in a motor vehicle to interrupt a signal line in an emergency operating state. The interruption device includes a fuse and a resistor in the signal line and first and second switches. The fuse is arranged upstream of the resistor in a signal line direction extending from a low-voltage on-board electrical system to a high-voltage on-board electrical system. The first switch is provided in a first electric line connecting the signal line to ground at a connection point downstream of the resistor, and the second switch is provided in a second electric line which connects the signal line to ground at a connection point between the fuse and the resistor. The first and second switches are open during the normal operation of the motor vehicle and are closed in response to the control signal to interrupt the signal line by separating the fuse.

Abstract: A railcar bogie includes: a bogie frame; a first axle box accommodating a first bearing supporting a first axle; a second axle box accommodating a second bearing supporting a second axle; a supporting device connected to the bogie frame and also connected to the first axle box or a member provided at the first axle box, unsprung vibration being transferred to the first axle box; and a third-rail current collector attached to the supporting device.

Abstract: This disclosure discloses a braking-recovery system and method for a train, and a train. The system includes: a traction network, a train, and an energy storage power station. The energy storage power station is connected to the traction network, the energy storage power station includes a second controller, and the second controller controls the energy storage power station according to the voltage of the traction network to perform charging or discharging.

Abstract: A charging apparatus for an electric vehicle is provided. The apparatus charges a vehicle battery upon receiving power from different power sources. The apparatus includes a motor generating power to drive the electric vehicle and an inverter supplying power to the motor. An AC power input terminal receives at least one of single-phase AC power and multi-phase AC power. A power factor corrector having a single three-leg half bridge circuit receives the AC input power through the AC power input terminal. A link capacitor is charged through a combination of the power factor corrector, the motor, and the inverter. A switch network has at least one switch for selectively connecting the AC power input terminal to the power factor corrector, the link capacitor, the motor, or the inverter. A controller operates the power factor corrector, the switch network, and the inverter based on a condition of received AC input power.

Abstract: A charging apparatus for an electric vehicle has a small-sized simple structure, and charges a battery of the electric vehicle upon receiving electricity from various kinds of power sources. The charging apparatus includes a motor, an inverter, an AC power input stage, a power factor, a link capacitor, a switch network, and a controller. The AC power input stage receives AC input power from single-phase AC power or multi-phase AC power. The power factor corrector has a single three-leg half bridge circuit receiving the AC input power through the AC power input stage, and the link capacitor is charged through at least one of combinations of the power factor corrector, the motor, and the inverter. The controller controls the power factor corrector and the switch network based on a condition of AC input power received through the AC power input stage.

Abstract: This disclosure details electrified vehicles that are equipped with secondary battery packs for increasing the electric range of the vehicles. An exemplary electrified vehicle includes a cargo space, such as a truck bed, and a secondary battery pack positioned within the cargo space. The secondary battery pack is adapted to selectively supply power for propelling one or more vehicle drive wheels. In some embodiments, the secondary battery pack is configured as a floor liner that lines a floor of the cargo space.

Abstract: A charging connector includes a first electrical socket and a second electrical socket. A first sleeve and a second sleeve are provided, such that the first sleeve is concentrically coupled to the first electrical socket and the second sleeve is concentrically coupled to the second electrical socket. A manifold assembly is adapted to enclose the first and second electrical sockets and the first and second sleeves, such that the first and second sleeves and the manifold assembly create a hollow interior space there between. An inlet conduit and an outlet conduit within the manifold assembly such that inlet conduit, the interior space, and the outlet conduit together create a fluid flow path.

Abstract: A charging station comprises a processor programmed to receive a vehicle identifier identifying a vehicle from a first digital entity; receive a payment authentication from a second digital entity; electronically identify an account associated with the vehicle identifier and the payment authentication; verify payment rights confirming a right to use the account to pay; and responsive to successful verification, activate the charging station to charge and process payment from the account.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a vehicle power system, which includes an electric motor, a primary power source that energizes the electric motor, wherein the primary power source employs a turbine to generate electricity, a second power source that supplements the primary power source to energize the electric motor, and a control component that monitors power provided to the electric motor by the primary power source, that determines that additional power needs to be provided to the electric motor in order to meet a driving requirement, and that directs additional power from the second power source to the electric motor.

Abstract: Provided is a control apparatus for an electric vehicle, which is capable of suppressing simultaneous slip of front and rear wheels. The control apparatus for an electric vehicle includes a control portion configured to control a front electric motor and a rear electric motor so that an achievement rate of a torque command with respect to a target torque in one motor of the front and rear electric motors is lower than the achievement rate in the other motor of the front and rear electric motors.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle control device that can contribute to ensuring safety of a vehicle by immediately detecting a tendency for a wheel to be locked and can have a reduced number of rotation speed detection devices. The vehicle control device for controlling a motor (4) in a motor-equipped vehicle includes The vehicle control device includes a module (39) determining that the a drive wheel (2) is tending to be locked, when the speed difference between left and right drive wheels (2, 2) exceeds a first predetermined speed difference value and the deceleration of a first drive wheel (2) with a lower speed exceeds a predetermined deceleration value and is greater than a deceleration of a second drive wheel with a higher speed, in a state without operation of brakes (8).

Abstract: A through the road (TTR) hybridization strategy is proposed to facilitate introduction of hybrid electric vehicle technology in a significant portion of current and expected trucking fleets. In some cases, the technologies can be retrofitted onto an existing vehicle (e.g., a trailer, a tractor-trailer configuration, etc.). In some cases, the technologies can be built into new vehicles. In some cases, one vehicle may be built or retrofitted to operate in tandem with another and provide the hybridization benefits contemplated herein. By supplementing motive forces delivered through a primary drivetrain and fuel-fed engine with supplemental torque delivered at one or more electrically-powered drive axles, improvements in overall fuel efficiency and performance may be delivered, typically without significant redesign of existing components and systems that have been proven in the trucking industry.

Abstract: An apparatus comprising an onboard energy storage device, an onboard power conversion device configured to be electrically coupled to an external power source for receiving electrical power therefrom, and at least one drive system electrically coupled to the onboard energy storage device and the onboard power conversion device, wherein the onboard energy storage device and the onboard power conversion device cooperatively provide electrical power for the at least one drive system. A vehicle and a method for managing power supply are also disclosed.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a vehicle power system, which includes an electric motor, a secondary power source that energizes the electric motor, wherein the secondary power source employs a turbine to generate electricity, a second power source that supplements the primary power source to energize the electric motor, and a control component that monitors power provided to the electric motor by the primary power source, that determines that additional power needs to be provided to the electric motor in order to meet a driving requirement, and that directs additional power from the second power source to the electric motor.

Abstract: A control apparatus is used for an electric electric vehicle. The electric vehicle charges a storage battery with electric power that is supplied while traveling in a power supply lane that is a travelling road on which contactless power supply is able to be performed. The control apparatus for the electric vehicle includes a charging control unit and a range changing unit. The charging control unit controls charging of a storage battery of an electric vehicle such that a charge amount of the storage battery falls within a target range that is a preset range. The range changing unit changes at least one of an upper limit value and a lower limit value of the target range based on a state of the electric vehicle.

Abstract: A method for determining the position of a charging station for wirelessly transferring electric energy to a vehicle, wherein the charging station comprises a ground unit with a primary coil configured to generate an electromagnetic charging field for transferring electric energy to the vehicle, and wherein the vehicle comprises a receiving unit of a satellite positioning system and a secondary coil in the vehicle underbody, comprises performing, by the receiving unit of the vehicle, a plurality of position determination operations for at least part of the duration of a charging process during which the vehicle is arranged with respect to the ground unit such that the secondary coil of the vehicle has a predefined positional relationship with respect to the primary coil of the ground unit.

Abstract: An amount of electric power generated by a power supply device is input, an upper-limit current value is calculated using a relationship which varies with operation of the conversion circuit, a lower-limit voltage of the conversion circuit is calculated based on the amount of generated electric power and the upper-limit current value, and control is performed such that a voltage on an output side of the conversion circuit is higher than the lower-limit voltage. Accordingly, even when a voltage conversion device restricts a current output from the conversion circuit, it is possible to curb an influence on an output of the power supply device.

Abstract: An electric power supply apparatus includes a first power supply unit, a second power supply unit, diodes, detection units, and an electric power control unit. The first power supply unit and the second power supply unit supply electric power to a thruster which is a load. The diodes are provided in the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit, respectively, to restrict reverse flow of currents to the power supply units. The detection units are provided between the first power supply unit and the thruster and between the second power supply unit and the thruster, respectively, to detect at least one of a voltage and a current. The electric power control unit controls electric power transmission between the first power supply unit and the second power supply unit based on detection values of the detection units.

Abstract: A vehicle charge system includes: a voltage detection section configured to detect terminal voltage of a storage battery; and a charge control section configured to control charging of the storage battery until the terminal voltage reaches full-charge voltage, while switching between a first charging mode and a second charging mode, on the basis of the terminal voltage. During a period in which the terminal voltage is equal to or lower than first voltage, the charge control section charges the storage battery by the first charging mode. After the terminal voltage has exceeded the first voltage, the charge control section charges the storage battery by the second charging mode. After the terminal voltage has exceeded the first voltage, if the terminal voltage has reduced to be second voltage, the charge control section charges the storage battery by the first charging mode until the terminal voltage is restored to the first voltage.

Abstract: A power supply system for a vehicle, the system including: a battery pack including at least two parallel strings of battery cells, each string forming a battery having a first output voltage; a switch mechanism configured to connect one of the at least two batteries to a first battery pack output terminal, wherein the first battery pack output terminal is connected to a first power consumer; and a multichannel DC/DC converter having an input terminal connected to the first battery pack output terminal, the multichannel DC/DC converter including a plurality of outputs, wherein at least one of the plurality of outputs is configured to provide a second voltage, the second voltage being lower than the first voltage, and wherein the at least one output of the multichannel DC/DC converter is connected to a second power consumer.

Abstract: A motor mounting structure for an electric seat sliding device includes: a motor; first and second elastic support members arranged to be mounted on the first and second protruding portions of the motor; a bracket arranged to support the both ends of the motor through the first and second elastic support members; and the second elastic support member being arranged to be moved between a position at which the second elastic support member is engaged with the second guide portion, and a position where the second elastic support member is disengaged from the second guide portion, and where the second elastic support portion is mounted on the second protruding portion of the motor positioned at the initial assembly position.

Abstract: A spindle drive (10), having a gear housing (15) which is connected to a drive motor (12), the gear housing (15) having a housing main body (16; 16a) and at least one housing cover (18; 18a, 20; 20a) which is connected to the housing main body (16; 16a), the housing main body (16; 16a) and the at least one housing cover (18; 18a, 20; 20a) delimiting a receiving space (24) for a drive element (25) which interacts with the drive motor (12), the drive element (25) being connected to a spindle (28) which penetrates the receiving space (24), means (37) being provided, in particular in the form of a shaft ring, for arranging the drive element (25) in the receiving space (24) in a manner which is free from axial play, and the means being arranged in a receiving region (39) in the receiving space (24).

Abstract: A spindle drive (10), with a spindle (20) which is rotatable about a rotation axis (24) at least indirectly by a drive motor (12), the spindle (20) having a thread-like spindle turn (22) on which a spindle nut (26) is arranged movably in the longitudinal direction of the rotation axis (24), and with a worm gear (15; 15a) which is arranged in a gear housing (14), is drivable by the drive motor (12) and is connected to the spindle (20) for conjoint rotation therewith.

Abstract: A longitudinal adjuster (10) for a vehicle seat (1) includes at least one rail pair (12), which is formed from a first seat rail (14), for connecting to a seat frame side part (6), and a second seat rail (16), for connecting to a vehicle structure, that slid relative to each other in a longitudinal direction (x) and engage each other and form an inner channel (18). A reinforcing profiled element (22; 122) is fastened to the second seat rail (16) and is arranged in the inner channel (18). The reinforcing profiled element (22; 122) has a connection section (24), which is led out of the inner channel (18) toward a rear and is connectable to a rear end surface (8) of a seat frame side part (6). The vehicle seat with the longitudinal adjuster, has a seat frame side part (6) connected to a first seat rail (4).

Abstract: A component for a vehicle interior is disclosed. The component may comprise a module and a support to couple the module to the vehicle comprising a mechanism. The module may move from an unlocked position to a locked position to secure the module to the vehicle. The mechanism may adjust between an open state and a closed state securing the module to the vehicle. The support may comprise a member and the module may comprise a hook to engage the member; the hook may rotate about the member as the module moves to the locked position. The component may comprise a cover moveable from a closed position to cover the mechanism to an open position to uncover the mechanism. The cover may move in response to engagement and disengagement of the hook with the member. The module may comprise a pin to adjust the mechanism.

Abstract: A vehicle seat assembly is provided and includes a base assembly, a seat frame assembly attached to the base assembly, and a seat tilt control mechanism attached to the base assembly and the seat frame assembly. Actuation of the tilt drive assembly adjusts a tilt position of the seat frame assembly with respect to the base assembly.

Abstract: A vehicle seat is configured to adjust a position of a seat cushion by a multi-bar link provided at each of both sides of the seat cushion, where the multi-bar link includes one seat cushion frame of a plurality of seat cushion frames forming both side frames of the seat cushion, and front and rear links pivotably connected to the respective front and rear of the one seat cushion frame. The vehicle seat includes a drive device configured to rotate the multi-bar link such that an end of the front link connected to the one seat cushion frame is lifted up and an end of the rear link connected to the one seat cushion frame is simultaneously moved down.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes a lifter device lifting/lowering a seat cushion. The lifter device includes a link member coupling a side frame and a riser to each other, and a clinching pin coupling the riser or the side frame and the link member to each other. The clinching pin includes a first portion located on the opposite side of the link member from the riser, a second portion located in a position corresponding to a hole of the link member, a third portion located in a position corresponding to a hole of the riser, and a fourth portion that is located on the opposite side of the riser from the link member. A surface of the second portion facing the riser has a portion adjacent to the third portion, and the portion is away from a surface of the riser facing the second portion.

Abstract: A seatback-seat linkage mechanism includes two connecting rod assemblies and a seat. The connecting rod assemblies are connected between the seat and the seatback. The seat is mounted on the seat pipes and includes two seat supports, two rear pin support assemblies and two front pin support assemblies. Each of seat supports is provided with a first slide slot and a second slide slot. The rear and front pin support assemblies are mounted on the seat pipes in such a manner that the first pin portion of each of the rear pin support assemblies is inserted in the first slide slot, the second pin portion of each of the front pin assemblies is inserted in the second slide slot, so that, when the connecting rod assemblies drive the seat to move, the seat is able to reciprocate stably along the extending directions of the first and second slide slots.

Abstract: A seat (1) comprises a seating surface (2) suitable to receive a user and a backrest (3) adaptable according to the user's needs. The seat further comprises a support structure (4) configured to connect the seat to the backrest. The backrest comprises an upper shoulder portion (6) and a lower lumbar portion (7) and the lumbar portion is movable along the support structure while the shoulder portion remains at a fixed height with respect to the support structure (4).

Abstract: A vehicle seat has a seating part and a seat back. The seating part and the seat back define a gap therebetween and the gap is formed on the front face of the vehicle seat. A recessed opening is formed on the front face of the vehicle seat on a side of the seating part relative to the gap, and the recessed opening has an anchor to which a child safety seat is anchored. The vehicle seat has a flat, plate-like cover member that is provided on the front face of the vehicle seat and is capable of covering the opening. The cover member has a base-end portion fixed to the vehicle seat and a free-end portion that is not fixed to the vehicle seat and can be freely inserted into the gap. A hard plate is provided in the free-end portion of the cover member.

Abstract: A vehicle seat includes a seating portion and a backrest portion coupled to the seating portion. The seat also includes a temperature-control system associated with at least one of the seating portion and the backrest portion. The temperature-control system includes a base layer and an intermediate layer disposed adjacent to the base layer. The intermediate layer is adapted to allow fluid to flow through it. The temperature-control system includes a cover layer disposed adjacent to the intermediate layer. The temperature-control system includes at least one heating element disposed between the intermediate layer and the cover layer. The temperature-control system further includes a fluid pump to provide fluid flow through the intermediate layer.

Abstract: A seat air conditioner includes a housing disposed in a space formed below a seating portion of a seat and above a cabin floor surface inside a cabin. The housing houses: a compressor that compresses and discharges a refrigerant; a condenser that dissipates heat from the refrigerant discharged from the compressor; a decompressor that decompresses the refrigerant flowing out of the condenser; an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant decompressed by the decompressor; and an air blower that blows air to be heat-exchanged with the refrigerant. The air blower is capable of drawing the air through a ventilation opening formed on an upper face of the housing.

Abstract: A fastener is provided with a shank that is sized to engage apertures formed in at least two components. A retainer extends laterally from the shank for engagement within another aperture formed in one of the at least two components to retain the shank from lengthwise translation relative to the apertures in the at least two components. The shank has a plurality of varying concentric diameters for engagement within a plurality of apertures formed in the at least two components. A receptacle is formed in a structural component, sized to receive the fastener. A retainer extends laterally from the shank for engagement within another aperture formed in one of the at least two components to retain the shank from lengthwise translation relative to the apertures in the at least two components.