Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal composition has negative dielectric anisotropy and contains at least one polar compound selected from the group of compounds represented by formula (1) as a first additive, and the liquid crystal display device includes the composition. In formula (1), R1 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons or the like; R2 is a group represented by —OH, —OR0, —NH2, —NHR0 or —N(R0)2, in which R0 is alkyl having 1 to 5 carbons; ring A and ring B are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene or the like; Z1 is a single bond or the like; Sp1 and Sp2 are independently a single bond, alkylene having 1 to 7 carbons or the like; and a is 0 to 4.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one of characteristics such as high maximum temperature, low minimum temperature, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy and large dielectric anisotropy, or having a suitable balance regarding at least two of the characteristics. The liquid crystal composition contains a quencher as a first additive, and may contain a specific compound having large negative dielectric anisotropy as a first component, a specific compound having high maximum temperature or small viscosity as a second component, or a specific compound having a polymerizable group as a second additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photo-alignment composition for the alignment of liquid crystals. Further the present invention relates to the liquid crystal alignment film and coating layer prepared from the said composition and the use to fabricate optical and electrooptical elements and devices.

Abstract: A system for the production of carbonized biomass that includes an infeed for accepting biomass feed material and an associated twin screw extruder. A water heater is connected with respect to at least one inlet along a length of the twin screw extruder and a pressure sustaining valve is connected at an outlet of the twin screw extruder.

Abstract: Ultra-clean char and ultra-clean gaseous hydrocarbons are produced from a carbon-based feedstock to generate maximum efficiency uniform heat and/or electricity in a clean environmentally friendly process. The ultra-clean char and ultra-clean gaseous hydrocarbon streams are produced by pyrolizing organic matter, such as coal or pet coke or any other carbon-based material including land, sea, plastics and industrial waste. The pyrolized organic matter may be combusted in the presence of oxygen to produce heat, which can be used to generate electricity in a conventional boiler/generator system. Further, pyrolized organic matter can be combusted in the presence of carbon dioxide and further processed to produce various hydrocarbons. In other embodiments, the ultra-clean post-combustion ash may be subjected to an extraction process for capturing valuable rare earth elements.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of reduction of chlorine in pyrolysis products derived from a mixed plastics stream. Methods may comprise: (a) causing pyrolysis of a plastic feedstock to produce a first stream of C1-C4 gaseous hydrocarbons and light gas olefins and a second stream comprising the remaining pyrolysis components. The second stream and hydrogen gas may be fed into a hydrocracker to produce a third stream of gaseous C1-C4 hydrocarbon gases and a fourth stream comprising the remaining hydrocracker components. The fourth stream may be fed to either (i) a steam cracker to produce a fifth stream comprising C1-C4 gaseous hydrocarbons and light gas olefins, a sixth stream comprising C6-C8 hydrocarbons and a seventh stream comprising hydrocarbons heavier than C8; or (ii) a fluidized catalytic cracker to produce an eighth stream comprising C1-C4 gases and light gas olefins and a ninth stream comprising hydrocarbons that are C5 or greater.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for producing a chemical compound from biomass based raw material. The bio-mass based raw material is gasified in a gasification device for forming a gasification gas, the gasification gas is treated in the reactor which includes at least one catalyst layer including Fe-based catalyst for forming a hydrocarbon composition, at least one hydrocarbon fraction including olefins is recovered from the hydrocarbon composition, and a chemical compound is formed from the hydrocarbon fraction. Further, the invention relates to the produced chemical compound.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are described for novel radiant tube coil support designs that are insertable through holes in the casing walls of fired heaters from the outside of the heater.

Abstract: This patent application discloses engineering design modifications to the VSS exit, stripper entrance and the primary cyclone diplegs that can significantly reduce the underflow of reactor riser products into the stripper and reactor vessel and thereby produce higher desired product selectivities, improved stripping efficiency and a stripper vent gas, that continuously flows through the reactor vessel, with a low coke forming potential due to its low concentration of ethylene and higher molecular weight material, that could, if desired, be recovered separately from the primary riser products.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for reducing the sulfur content of naphtha. The process includes introducing at least a portion of a naphtha feed stream to a selective hydrodesulfurization zone under selective hydrodesulfurization conditions in the presence of a selective hydrodesulfurization catalyst to form a low sulfur stream which contains mercaptan and thiophene compounds. At least a portion of the low sulfur stream is separated into at least two streams, a mercaptan rich stream containing mercaptan and thiophene compounds and an overhead stream containing hydrogen sulfide and liquid petroleum gas. The mercaptan rich stream is treated in an adsorbent zone to remove at least a portion of the mercaptan and thiophene compounds to form a mercaptan lean stream.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for enhancing quality of a hydrocarbon stream. More particularly, the present invention discloses a process for improvement of the combustion quality of a diesel range stream by dissolving an oxygen source in the feed stream before carrying out the oxidation, thereby enhancing the Cetane number, lubricity and reducing emission of the stream. The present invention also discloses a process for enhancing combustion quality of a hydrocarbon stream by carrying out the process in presence of an organometallic catalyst.

Abstract: Systems and methods for the external processing flash zone gas oil by recycling it through a vacuum residuum hydroprocessing unit before reentering the delayed coking process.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an integrated plant including, in some embodiments, an interconnected set of two or more stages of reactors forming a bio-reforming reactor configured to generate syngas from wood-containing biomass. A first stage of the bio-reforming reactor is configured to cause a set of chemical reactions in the biomass to produce reaction products of constituent gases, tars, chars, and other components. The first stage includes a fluidized-bed gasifier, a fluidized-bed combustor, and a moving-bed filtration system, each of which includes media inputs and outputs to respectively receive and supply heat-absorbing media to another operation unit for recirculation in a media recirculation loop. The moving-bed filtration system includes a tar pre-reformer configured to capture and reform heavier tars into lighter tars for subsequent processing in one or more fuel-producing reactor trains. Fuel products produced by the one or more reactor trains have a biogenic content of between 50% and 100%.

Abstract: A carbonaceous fuel gasification system for all-steam gasification with carbon capture includes a micronized char preparation system comprising a devolatilizer that receives solid carbonaceous fuel, hydrogen, oxygen, and fluidizing steam and produces micronized char, steam, volatiles, hydrogen, and volatiles at outlets. An indirect gasifier includes a vessel comprising a gasification chamber that receives the micronized char, a conveying fluid, and steam. The gasification chamber produces syngas, ash, and steam at one or more outlets. A combustion chamber receives a mixture of hydrogen and oxidant and burns the mixture of hydrogen and oxidant to provide heat for gasification and for heating incoming flows, thereby generating steam and nitrogen. The heat for gasification is transferred from the combustion chamber to the gasification chamber by circulating refractory sand.

Abstract: Heavy hydrotreated gas oil compositions are provided, along with marine fuel oil compositions and marine gas oil compositions that include a substantial portion of a hydrotreated heavy atmospheric gas oil. The hydrotreated heavy atmospheric gas oil can correspond to a gas oil with a relatively low viscosity and an elevated paraffin content in a narrow boiling range which results in a relatively high cloud point and/or pour point.

Abstract: Various compositions of matter, methods of making compositions of matter, and methods of using compositions of matter are disclosed. In some embodiments, compositions useful as aviation gasoline, sometimes called “avgas”, are disclosed. In some embodiments, mesitylene is used in compositions of matter, Additives may be employed in the disclosed compositions of matter. In some embodiments, the composition of matter has a motor octane number of about 99 or higher. In some embodiments, the compositions of matter have reduced or no heteroatom constituents, and/or may have reduced or no metal constituents. In some embodiments, compositions of matter disclosed herein may have certain performance characteristics equal to better than currently available 100LL compositions.

Abstract: Provided are marine lubricating oils including from 15 to 95 wt % of a Group III base stock having a kinematic viscosity at 100 deg. C. of 4 to 12 cSt, 0.5 to 55 wt % of cobase stock having a kinematic viscosity at 100 deg. C. of 29 to 1000 cSt, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of a molydithiocarbamate friction modifier, 0.1 to 2.0 wt % of a zinc dithiocarbamate anti-wear additive, and 2 to 30 wt % of other lubricating oil additives. The cobase stock is selected from the group consisting of a Group I, a Group IV, a Group V and combinations thereof. Also provided are methods of making and using the marine lubricating oils.

Abstract: A fluoropolymer coating composition comprises: fluorinated homopolymer particles dispersed in water, fluorinated copolymer particles dispersed in water, non-fluorinated polymer particles dispersed in water; and at least one aziridine compound comprising at least two aziridine groups. The composition is especially useful in low friction coating for telecommunication cables.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are polyketone triglyceride compositions containing 8 to 16 ketone carbonyl moieties per triglyceride unit and methods of making. Also disclosed are polyimine triglyceride compositions having has 8 to 16 nitrogen moieties per triglyceride unit and methods of making. Also disclosed are polyamine triglyceride compositions containing 8 to 16 nitrogen moieties per triglyceride unit and methods of making.

Abstract: A lubricating oil composition and method of operating a boosted internal combustion engine. The lubricating oil includes greater than 50 wt. % of a base oil, one or more overbased calcium-containing detergents, one or more overbased magnesium-containing detergents and one or more molybdenum compounds and leads to a more than 60% reduction in LSPI compared to the LSPI of a reference oil and passes the Ball Rust Test. The ratio of wt % calcium from the overbased detergents to wt. % of magnesium from the overbased detergents is less than 11.9. A ratio of total ppm of magnesium to total TBN of the lubricating oil in mg KOH/g is greater than 19. A ratio of the total ppm of calcium to the total TBN of the lubricating oil is less than 222. The oil and method may reduce low-speed pre-ignition events in a boosted internal combustion relative to commercially available lubricating oils.

Abstract: The invention provides a lubricant composition containing an oil of lubricating viscosity and a boron-containing compound, wherein the boron containing compound comprises a borate ester comprising at least one alkyl group having a branch at the ? position or higher. The invention further relates to a method of lubricating an internal combustion engine with the lubricant composition.

Abstract: A viscosity index improver comprising a polymer which has a high viscosity index and good shear stability and which exhibits sufficient solubility in a lubricating base oil, a process for producing the same, and a lubricating oil composition containing the viscosity index improver are provided, wherein the viscosity index improver comprising a polymer satisfying the following (1) to (4): (1) weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 200,000 or more and 600,000 or less; (2) number-average molecular weight (Mn) of 90,000 or more; (3) molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) of 4.0 or less; and (4) branching degree of 1.0 or more.

Abstract: The present invention provides a defoaming agent composition in gel form, of number 1 NLGI grade or harder, for application to the inside wall of a container, being a composition for defoaming bubbles generated from lubricating oil present within a container. The present invention further provides a method of defoaming lubricating oil characterized in that it includes a step of applying a defoaming agent composition in gel form, of number 1 NLGI grade or harder, to the inside wall of a container for lubricating oil and characterized in that this step is a step in which said defoaming agent composition is applied to the inside wall face at or above the oil surface of the lubricating oil, or higher than this.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a mixed composition for a refrigerator, which contains: a refrigerant containing at least one unsaturated fluorinated hydrocarbon compound selected from compounds represented by the following molecular formula (1): CpFrHs, and a refrigerator lubricating oil containing, as a major component, a polyoxyalkylene glycol compound represented by the following general formula (2), and containing an amine compound in an amount of 1.0% by mass or more based on the total amount of the refrigerator lubricating oil: R1—[(OR2)m—OR3]n (2). According to the present disclosure, a mixed composition for a refrigerator can be provided that has a less possibility of autoignition under a high temperature environment even in an unexpected leakage thereof in a refrigerator using a refrigerant containing a slightly flammable refrigerant, and a refrigerator lubricating oil can be provided that is capable of being applied to the mixed composition for a refrigerator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a lubricating oil composition for gear oil, comprising a lubricating base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40° C. of 140 to 350 mm2/s, a copolymer of an ?-olefin and an ester monomer having a polymerizable unsaturated bond, a performance additive containing phosphorus and sulfur, and a poly(meth)acrylate pour-point depressant.

Abstract: A method of recovering an extraction aid from distillers corn oil, by directing stillage containing distillers oil and an extraction aid to a centrifugal separator, recovering a light phase from the centrifugal separator, the light phase containing at least a portion of the distillers oil and at least a portion of the extraction aid, cooling the light phase and causing a precipitate to form, and recovering a precipitate from the cooled light phase containing at least a portion of the extraction aid. A method of recovering distillers oil.

Abstract: A compound represented by the formula 1 wherein R1 is H, or when R2 and R3 is H, then R1 is CHR5CHR6CHO, CR5?CR6CHO or C(CH3)CHO, wherein R5, R6 each independently may represent H or methyl; R2 is H, or when R1 and R3 is H, then R2 is CHR5CHR6CHO, CR5?CR6CHO or C(CH3)CHO, wherein R5, R6 each independently may represent H or methyl; R3 is H, or when R1 and R2 is H, then R3 is CHR5CHR6CHO, CR5?CR6CHO or C(CH3)CHO, wherein R5, R6 each independently may represent H or methyl; and R4 is methyl or a branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, unsubstituted or substituted (optionally with cyclopropyl groups), C2-C7 alkyl or alkenyl residue, preferentially isobutyl, isoamyl. Said compounds are useful as perfume ingredients in personal care and household care products.

Abstract: Detergent compositions that include surfactant systems, encapsulates, and cationic deposition aid polymers. Methods of making and using such compositions.

Abstract: The invention is in the field of cleaning compositions. There is need for compositions that foam copiously when articles are washed. However the foam should rinse-off as quickly as possible in minimum number of rinses-cylces so that the process becomes sustainable. Disclosed is an aqueous cleaning composition comprising: (i) total Active Detergent (AD) level of 5 to 30% by weight, of which at least one-third is non-soap anionic surfactant; and, (ii) 0.1 wt % to 2 wt % of an antifoaming system containing saturated hydroxy fatty acid and saturated non-hydroxy C14-18 fatty acid, where the ratio between the amount of said saturated hydroxy fatty acid to that of said saturated non-hydroxy C14-18 fatty acid is from 1:0.75 to 1:5 parts by weight and where the pH of said composition is from 2 to 7.

Abstract: The present invention provides a stable deodorant formulation suitable for cleaning and deodorizing contaminated surfaces and areas. The deodorant formulation of the present invention comprises zinc ricinoleate, an amphoteric surfactant, a nonionic surfactant, an antimicrobial agent and water.

Abstract: The present invention is a solid fabric care composition comprising a water-soluble carrier, a water-soluble polymer, a fabric care compound, a polysaccharide and a fragrance, wherein the water-soluble carrier is in particle form, having a coating comprising the water-soluble polymer and the fragrance, and a mixture of the fabric care compound and the polysaccharide being incorporated at least partly into the coating, or the coating of the water-soluble carrier being coated at least partly with a mixture of the fabric care compound and the polysaccharide. Also described herein are fabric care washing or cleaning products comprising the fabric care compositions.

Abstract: Provided are a cleaning agent and a cleaning liquid that prevent a reduction in the rejection rate of an RO membrane which may occur when the RO membrane is cleaned and a method for cleaning an RO membrane with the cleaning liquid. The agent for cleaning an RO membrane includes a urea derivative. The urea derivative preferably includes urea (H2N—CO—NH2) and/or biuret (H2N—CO—NH—CO—NH2). The cleaning liquid is an aqueous solution produced by diluting the cleaning agent. The method for cleaning an RO membrane uses the cleaning liquid. Urea and biuret have a structure analogous to amide bonds included in aromatic polyamide RO membranes, and have a strong affinity for amide bond portions. Urea and biuret adsorb onto the amide bond portions, and prevent the amide bonds from being broken by the cleaning liquid.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to pouches made from a combination of chemically different water-soluble films and optionally containing a composition (e.g. a household care composition or non-household care composition) that is at least partially enclosed by the water-soluble films in at least one compartment.

Abstract: A wine preservation system comprises of a stopper for inserting into a wine bottle to seal the contents of the wine bottle. A trigger assembly is selectively attached to the stopper to open the stopper for simultaneously replacing wine from the wine bottle with gas. A refillable source is combinable with the trigger assembly for supplying the gas.

Abstract: A polygonal scaffold includes at least three polyproline II (PPII) helix rods and at least three connectors. Each of the PPII helix rods is composed of a plurality of repeat units represented by Formula (i), and at least one of the PPII helix rods has at least one hydrogen atom of at least one of the repeat units being substituted by a first chemical handle for connecting a ligand. Each of the connectors is a divalent organic group, and every two of the PPII helix rods are connected by one of the connectors to form a closed ring. Therefore, with the uniform composition, the PPII helix rods have a stable helical structure under aqueous conditions, and a desired rigidity can be provided.

Abstract: An apparatus for clearing tissue using electrophoresis according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a chamber which can contain therein a buffer solution and the biological tissue and has an inlet port and an outlet port for circulating the buffer solution; a support member, located within the chamber, for supporting the biological tissue; and electrodes located within the chamber and formed separately of a first electrode and a second electrode which correspond to each other. With the apparatus, it is possible to minimize the degradation of decomposition efficiency and quickly clear the tissue compared to a conventional apparatus.

Abstract: Techniques for providing in vivo environments to in vitro cells by periodically applying mechanical stimuli to in vitro cells are provided for effective studies on cell culture.

Abstract: Disclosed are a cell evaluation device, a cell evaluation method, and a non-transitory computer readable recording medium recorded with a cell evaluation program capable of evaluating individual cells in a cell image obtained by imaging a cell group with high accuracy. The cell evaluation device includes an image acquisition unit 30 that acquires a cell image obtained by imaging a cell group; a cell evaluation unit 32 that specifies an evaluation target cell and peripheral cells around the evaluation target cell in the cell group and evaluates the evaluation target cell based on evaluation results of the peripheral cells.

Abstract: A system for digesting biodigestible feed that preferably includes the steps of comminuting the feed, introducing feed, an oxygen-containing gas, an accelerant, and bacteria into a digestion zone, the bacteria being suitable for digesting the feed under aerobic, anaerobic, and anoxic conditions. The contents of the digestion zone can be changed from aerobic operation to either anoxic or anaerobic operation, or vice versa, without changing the bacteria in the digestion zone.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods for control of cell growth rates where cell growth is measured in situ. The methods are applicable to bacterial cells, mammalian cells, non-mammalian eukaryotic cells, plant cells, yeast cells, fungi, and archea.

Abstract: An apparatus (8) for isolating corneal endothelial cells (34) (CECs) includes a base portion (10) having an interior recessed opening (14) with a bottom surface (16). A convex projection (18) is centrally located on the bottom surface (16) and is configured to receive an inverted cornea (32). A top portion (12) is configured to mate with the base portion (10). The top portion (12) includes a fluid chamber (24) with a lower surface (20). The lower surface (20) has an opening (22) therein in which the convex projection (18) projects when the top portion (12) is mated with the base portion (10).

Abstract: The present invention relates to heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus conjugated to a polysaccharide polymer binder, a preparation method therefor and a use thereof. The heat-killed Lactobacillus rhamnosus conjugated to a polysaccharide polymer binder of the present invention has an excellent therapeutic effect for atopic diseases, and particularly has high industrial applicability because membrane adhesion competitiveness, which is an advantage of existing lactic acid bacteria, is significantly improved, thereby exhibiting dermatitis preventing, alleviating and treating effects of the same level as steroid-based drugs.

Abstract: Disclosed are stem cells having a thin multilayer structure, a method of preparing the same, and use thereof for cytotherapy. In accordance with the present invention, stem cells with a thin multilayer structure having improved stability and controlled multifunctionality are provided. A method of preparing the stem cells having the thin multilayer structure according to the present invention is very simple, and thus, the stem cells having the thin multilayer structure can be produced at low cost and high efficiency. Therefore, the stem cells having the thin multilayer structure prepared according to the present invention are very useful as a stem cell therapy agent for treating various diseases.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions for preparing antibodies and antibody derivatives with reduced core fucosylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a long term cell culturing method and a cell culturing apparatus and kit that employ a porous polyimide film. The invention further relates to a cell cryopreservation method and kit employing the porous polyimide film.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and assays for isolating and culturing seborrheic keratosis cells ex vivo. Also provided herein are screening assays using cultured seborrheic keratosis cells and methods for treating seborrheic keratosis in a subject.

Abstract: The invention involves the discovery that if dendritic cells loaded with a tumor antigen are cultured in interleukin-15 (IL-15), or if T cells activated by the dendritic cells are cultured in IL-15, Treg activity that is specific for the tumor antigen is reduced. This reduction in Treg activity results in an increase in anti-tumor immune response. Another embodiment of the invention involves the discovery that incubating dendritic cells with a MAP kinase inhibitor in combination with IL-15 gives synergistic benefits when the dendritic cells are used to activate T cells. Dendritic cell and T cell compositions incubated with IL-15 or a MAP kinase inhibitor are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present application are: a method for preparing in vitro/ex vivo antigen-specific cytotoxic T-cells by using B cells treated with biological response modifier; and a use thereof. The cytotoxic T-cells prepared by the method of the present application can be used advantageously for treating infectious disease and cancer and the like.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for activating and expanding NKT-like cells in vitro. The method according to the present invention utilizes nucleated somatic cells derived from allogeneic or heterologous subjects to activate and proliferate NKT-like cells of a subject in vitro, and can increase the overall number of the NKT-like cells, the expression of activation markers and the number of killing effector molecules.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for generating SC-? cells using chemically defined, completely serum free media, and isolated populations of SC-? cells for use in various applications, such as cell therapy.