Abstract: A user interface method includes: obtaining an image; obtaining a mask; receiving a user input at a device, the user input indicating that a portion of the image is desired to be viewed by a user; and in response to the user input, displaying on a screen of the device a portion of the image while covering a remaining portion of the image using at least a part of the mask.

Abstract: A method to select a portion of a Graphical User Interface, the method being executed by a mobile device comprising a multi-touch display displaying said Graphical User Interface, the method comprising the acts of detecting two simultaneous touch inputs and selecting a portion of the displayed Graphical User Interface according to the two touch inputs.

Abstract: Information that describes one or more touch events performed on a touchscreen display to interact with a graphical user interface (GUI) of a software application is received. A touch event density map based on a frequency of touch events on the touchscreen display as a function of touch event position on the touchscreen display is generated. One or more portions of the touchscreen display that received the highest density of touch events are identified. At least one of: dimension of the one or more graphical elements of the GUI associated with the one or more identified portions of the touchscreen display, a dimension of a touchscreen display area that corresponds to the one or more graphical elements, and a position relative to the one or more graphical elements of the touchscreen display area are modified.

Abstract: A mobile terminal capable of effectively managing contents including a display displaying a plurality of contents, and a controller controlling the display to display a first identifier on a first content among the plurality of contents, the first identifier indicating that the first content has been selected, and to display a second identifier on a second content among the plurality of contents, the second identifier indicating that the second content has been selected in a different manner from the first content.

Abstract: A mobile terminal including a touch screen; and a controller configured to display a specific content on the touch screen, in response to a first force touch input satisfying a specific touch-force applied to the specific content, execute an aggregated view mode and display objects included in the specific content in an aggregated manner, in response to a first non-force touch input selecting a particular object, distinguishably display the selected particular object on the touch screen, and in response to a second force touch input satisfying the specific touch-force applied to the specific content, display related contents related to the selected particular object on the touch screen.

Abstract: An electronic device, while displaying a user interface that includes a first region corresponding to a first software application and a second region corresponding to a second software application, receives a first touch input, on a touch-sensitive display, that originates from the first region and extends to the second region. The device sends a touch began event to the first software application in response to detecting the first touch input at a first location corresponding to the first region, sends a touch cancel event to the first software application in response to detecting that the first touch input has left the first region of the user interface, and sends to the second software application information corresponding indicating that the first touch input has entered the second region of the user interface in response to detecting that the first touch input has entered the second region of the user interface.

Abstract: An accessibility method is performed by an electronic device with a display and a touch-sensitive surface. The method includes: displaying a plurality of user interface elements on the display; in response to detecting a first user interface navigation gesture by a finger on the touch-sensitive surface, navigating in the plurality of user interface elements in accordance with a current navigable unit type; in response to detecting a first user interface navigation setting gesture on the touch-sensitive surface: changing the current navigable unit type from the first navigable unit type to a second navigable unit type; and outputting accessibility information about the second navigable unit type; after changing the current navigable unit type, in response to detecting a second user interface navigation gesture by the finger on the touch-sensitive surface, navigating in the plurality of user interface elements in accordance with the current navigable unit type.

Abstract: A user can dynamically invoke and control the display of secondary data visualizations based on a selected element of a primary data visualization. Previews of the secondary data visualizations are presented as the user interacts with the primary visualization. In response to user input, previews can be dynamically expanded, allowing a user to dynamically “drill down” into selected elements of the primary data visualization. Any suitable input mechanism can be used, including for example, a gesture such as a two-finger spreading motion to invoke previews of available secondary visualizations, wherein the axis defined by two points of contact determines which of the displayed previews of secondary visualizations is highlighted and/or expanded. In various embodiments, a hierarchy of visualizations can be established, and the user can navigate among two or more levels of visualizations in the same interactive manner.

Abstract: Systems and methods for control of application actions using a modification trigger to visually modify an electronic document are disclosed. A computing device, such as a mobile computing device having a touchscreen display, can display an electronic document having a first portion and a second portion. Initially upon displaying the electronic document, the computing device displays the first portion and the second portion may lie out of view, not displayed. A user can swipe along a scroll direction, causing the second portion to be displayed. The second portion can include or otherwise be associated with a modification trigger. Upon receiving a gesture on the second portion, the modification trigger performs actions, including, for example, subscribing to a series of electronic documents and minimizing the visual display of the electronic document.

Abstract: A writing gesture notification method is provided. The writing gesture notification method, applied to an electronic device of an electronic system, the electronic system includes the electronic device and an input device, the writing gesture notification method comprising: obtaining input information from the input device; obtaining first contact information and orientation information of the input device from the input device; sensing second contact information via the electronic device; comparing the input information, the first contact information, the orientation information and the second contact information with preset information to generate a comparison result; and providing a notification via the electronic device according to the comparison result.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for inputting text into an electronic device (10). A virtual keyboard (30) having a plurality of keys (40) is displayed on a display screen (20) and one or more characters are associated with each key. An input pattern is generated by a user and the key(s) (40) positioned on or proximal to the input pattern are identified. The keys (40) in the virtual keyboard (30) are allocated to pre-defined groups (50A, 50B, 50C), such that each group comprises a plurality of said keys (40). The input pattern is encoded in dependence on the pre-defined groups in which each of said one or more identified keys (40) are arranged. A candidate word or words is identified to be input into the electronic device (10) based on the encoded input pattern.

Abstract: A method and system for improving virtual keyboard input is provided. The method includes presenting a GUI comprising a character display portion and a virtual touch screen activated keyboard. The virtual touch screen activated keyboard internally includes currently viewable alphabetical character keys and a free sketch area for entering specialized characters not currently viewable via the virtual keyboard. A selection for an alphabetical character is received via the virtual touch screen activated keyboard and presented via the display portion. A user defined motion sketching a character associated with the specialized characters is detected from a user via the free sketch area. The character is converted into one of the specialized characters and presented to the user.

Abstract: A touch-sensitive display apparatus and a control apparatus are included in an operating device of a motor vehicle. The control apparatus is configured, in a first operating mode, to display on the display apparatus a screen keyboard for receiving a character sequence from a user. A driver is not to operate the on-screen keyboard during a journey. A sensor apparatus is configured to detect an approach of an object to the display apparatus, a distinction being drawn between a driver approach from a predetermined driver side and a passenger approach from a passenger side opposite the driver side. The control apparatus is configured to deactivate the first operating mode in the event of a detected driver approach of the object and, instead, to activate an alternative operating mode that is different from the first operating mode.

Abstract: A computing device may include one or more dynamically configurable user input devices. In one example, a triggering event, such as, for example, a user input at a user interface of the computing device, may be detected in connection with an application running on the computing device. In response to the detected triggering event, individual elements of the user interface, such as, for example, keys of a keyboard, may be configured, and/or re-configured, to correspond to the input received and/or the application running on the computing device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for reducing the number of write operations performed to a storage-class memory in a virtualized environment. In one embodiment, when a memory page is de-allocated from a virtual machine, the memory page and/or the subpages of the memory page are marked as “trimmed” in a control table such that any read to the memory page or subpages is denied, and no physical memory initialization is performed to the memory page or subpages. A de-allocated memory page or subpage is only initialized when it is reallocated and is to be written to by the virtual machine to which the memory page is reallocated.

Abstract: A memory system includes a nonvolatile memory having a plurality of nonvolatile memory chips incorporated therein, a control circuit that controls the nonvolatile memory, an MPU that controls the control circuit, and an interface circuit that communicates with a host, all of which are mounted on a board of the memory system, and the memory system further includes a bus switch that switches connection of a signal line between the control circuit and the nonvolatile memory chips.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for managing data. A host device is coupled to multiple hybrid data storage devices each having a primary non-volatile memory (NVM), a secondary NVM, a top level controller and a secondary controller. During a normal I/O processing mode, host access commands are serviced by the top level controllers to direct transfers with the respective primary and secondary NVMs. During a front end I/O processing mode, the host device forms a consolidated, distributed memory space in which data are separately stored to the secondary NVMs by the host device. The primary NVM may be rotatable recording media and the secondary NVM may be flash memory. The secondary NVM may be in the form of removable SSD cards that plug into the storage devices to support replacement and performance upgrades, as well as allowing transitions between cold and hot data storage modes in a single system.

Abstract: Approaches, techniques, and mechanisms are disclosed for a method of operation of a Flash-based block storage system including: transferring a first data to a logical block address; storing the first data in a physical block, of a storage array, associated with the logical block address; receiving a trim command for the logical block address; establishing a reserved physical block associated with the logical block address of the trim command; transferring second data for writing to the logical block address of the trim command; releasing the reserved physical block associated with the logical block address; and writing the second data to the logical block address.

Abstract: Space reporting in a storage system, including: determining, for one or more system-visible objects in the storage system, an amount of physical space consumed by each system-visible object and an amount of logical space consumed by each system-visible object; identifying, for each of the one or more system-visible objects in the storage system, one or more user-visible objects that reference the system-visible object; determining, for each of the one or more user-visible objects, an amount of physical space consumed by the user-visible object in dependence upon the amount of physical space consumed by each system-visible object referenced by the user-visible object; and determining, for each of the one or more user-visible objects, an amount of logical space consumed by the user-visible object in dependence upon the amount of logical space consumed by each system-visible object referenced by the user-visible object.

Abstract: A memory control device and method are provided in the invention. The controller of the memory control device includes a static random access memory (SRAM) which has a first buffer. The controller receives a command from a host device, determines the operation type indicated by the command, and obtains data parameters corresponding to data stored in the SRAM. The DRAM is coupled to the controller and has a second buffer. The controller determines whether the first buffer is enough to store data corresponding to the command according to the data parameters. When the first buffer is not enough to store data corresponding to the command, the controller backs up data corresponding to another operation type to the second buffer, and the controller temporarily stores the data corresponding to the command, and updates the data parameters.

Abstract: An example system and method includes an electronic memory configured to store electronic data. The system further includes a controller coupled to an electronic storage device including electronic data storage locations arranged in a consecutive sequence on a storage medium and configured to store electronic data corresponding to electronic files in the electronic storage locations and access the electronic storage locations serially according to the consecutive sequence. The controller may be configured to cause the electronic storage device to serially access and transmit to the electronic memory, according to the consecutive sequence, at least some electronic data, cause the electronic memory to store the electronic data as received so that the electronic data of the file forms a complete file, and cause a processor to access the files from the electronic memory upon all electronic data associated with ones of the files having been stored in the electronic memory.

Abstract: A solid state drive (or other non-volatile storage device) includes a plurality of non-volatile storage elements arranged in blocks (or other units). Blocks (or other units) can be individually switched between analytics mode and I/O mode. The SSD (or other non-volatile storage device) performs in-drive data analytics for blocks in analytics mode while blocks in I/O mode are available for concurrent I/O operations.

Abstract: A storage array in one embodiment is configured to communicate over one or more networks with a plurality of host devices. The storage array is further configured to detect process tags assigned to respective input-output operations by a given one of the host devices, the process tags being of at least first and second distinct types so as to distinguish at least respective first and second distinct processes generating corresponding ones of the input-output operations on the given host device. Responsive to a particular one of the detected process tags being of the first type, the storage array provides a first level of priority for processing of the corresponding input-output operation, and responsive to a particular one of the detected process tags being of the second type, the storage array provides a second level of priority different than the first level of priority for processing of the corresponding input-output operation.

Abstract: A data object can be encoded into multiple encoded data fragments and stored on the backend of a distributed encoded storage system. The identifiers and metadata corresponding to each fragment of the data object can be stored in a first section of a metadata unit, and the initial part of the data object in a second section. The metadata unit is encoded into multiple metadata fragments, which are stored on the backend. The identifiers of the metadata fragments can be associated with the data object and stored on a fast frontend storage device. In response to a request to access the data object, the identifiers are used to retrieve the metadata fragments from the backend, and decode the metadata unit. The initial part of the data object is retrieved from the metadata unit and transmitted to the requesting client application to begin processing the data object.

Abstract: In a virtualized computer system, guest memory pages are mapped to disk blocks that contain identical contents and the mapping is used to improve management processes performed on virtual machines, such as live migration and snapshots. These processes are performed with less data being transferred because the mapping data of those guest memory pages that have identical content stored on disk are transmitted instead of the their contents. As a result, live migration and snapshots can be carried out more quickly. The mapping of the guest memory pages to disk blocks can also be used to optimize other tasks, such as page swaps and memory error corrections.

Abstract: A method for mitigating the effect of write disturbances in solid state memory. The method includes receiving a request to write to a memory location of the solid state memory, writing to the memory location, identifying a disturbed memory location, identifying a memory region that includes the disturbed memory location, identifying an address, in the memory region, of the disturbed memory location, generating an address hash from the address, and making a first determination that a history of disturbed memory locations in the memory region includes the address hash. The method further includes, based on the first determination, clearing the history of disturbed memory locations, making a second determination that a wear level operation is due, and based on the second determination, performing the wear level operation.

Abstract: One embodiment is related to a method for implementing a staggered solid-state drive (SSD) replacement schedule, comprising: determining whether more than a first threshold number of SSDs within an array are expected to reach End of Life (EOL) at approximately a same time; determining that the staggered SSD replacement schedule is to be engaged in response to determining that more than the first threshold number of SSDs within the array are expected to reach EOL at approximately the same time; determining the staggered SSD replacement schedule for the SSDs that are expected to reach EOL at approximately the same time; and raising replacement alerts according to the determined staggered SSD replacement schedule to prompt a user to replace the SSDs.

Abstract: A system and method for provisioning a volume and repartitioning a provisioned volume based at least in part on a workload. A request to provision a volume of a specified size is received, a first set of partition options is determined based at least in part on the specified size, and second set of partition options is determined based at least in part on one or more performance characteristics. A volume partitioning is determined based at least in part on an intersection of a number of partitions between the first set of partition options and the second set of partition options, and further based at least in part on a set of optimization criteria. Based at least in part on tracked usage of the volume or a repartition request, a determination is made to repartition the volume such that the partitioning scheme fulfills a set of optimization criteria.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and software described herein provision application volumes for a plurality of virtual machines. In one example, a method of provisioning volumes for attachment to virtual machines includes provisioning an application in a virtual volume of a first virtual drive format, and identifying one or more alternative virtual drive formats for the application. The method further includes duplicating the application in the virtual volume to one or more additional virtual volumes corresponding to the one or more alternative virtual drive formats. The method also includes storing the virtual volume and the one or more additional virtual volumes in separate storage repositories, wherein each of the storage repositories is associated with one or more virtual machines and a particular virtual drive format.

Abstract: A storage device (220) is described. The storage device (220) may store data in a storage memory (445), and may have a host interface (420) to manage communications between the storage device (220) and a host machine (110, 115, 120, 125, 130). The storage device (220) may also include a translation layer (430) to translate addresses between the host machine (110, 115, 120, 125, 130) and the storage memory (445), and a storage interface (440) to access data from the storage memory (445). An in-storage monitoring engine (425) may determine characteristics (605, 610, 615) of the storage device (220), such as latency (605), bandwidth (610), and retention (615).

Abstract: An integrated circuit includes a processor to execute instructions and to interact with memory, and acceleration hardware, to execute a sub-program corresponding to instructions. A set of input queues includes a store address queue to receive, from the acceleration hardware, a first address of the memory, the first address associated with a store operation and a store data queue to receive, from the acceleration hardware, first data to be stored at the first address of the memory. The set of input queues also includes a completion queue to buffer response data for a load operation. A disambiguator circuit, coupled to the set of input queues and the memory, is to, responsive to determining the load operation, which succeeds the store operation, has an address conflict with the first address, copy the first data from the store data queue into the completion queue for the load operation.

Abstract: An operating method of a memory controller may include determining a physical page to be accessed in a plurality of memory devices by mapping a logical address to a physical address; and determining a distribution pattern in which data of the physical page are distributed to the plurality of memory devices using the logical address.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to optimizing data writes in a distributed computing system, e.g., a social networking application. The system employs a write-ahead log (WAL) and a hybrid logical clock (HLC) together to improve data writes across data centers in the distributed computing system, including improving: (1) consensus monitoring and enforcement in replicating data across the data centers; (2) scalability of data writes, e.g., so that different data centers can together handle a sudden increase in data writes during specified periods and consistently maintain the time ordering of the data writes; (3) replication configuration of data centers so that client devices can specify a replication hierarchy per transaction, e.g., at the time of writing the data, rather than specifying at data center configuration time; and (4) a draining process to write transactions committed to the WAL to data storage systems in the data centers.

Abstract: A memory system includes a memory controller; a first memory module, the first memory module including first volatile memory devices; a second memory module, the second memory module including nonvolatile memory devices; a data bus for transmitting data between the memory controller and the first memory module and between the memory controller and the second memory module; a first control bus for transmitting first control signals between the memory controller and the first memory module and between the memory controller and the second memory module; a second control bus for transmitting second control signals between the memory controller and the first memory module; and a third control bus for transmitting third control signals between the memory controller and the second memory module, wherein, in a backup operation, the second control bus and the third control bus are electrically coupled.

Abstract: Provided herein are controlled access data storage systems including a plurality of data storage units housed in a support enclosure; a port multiplier for providing data access to the plurality of data storage units; and a power control module for providing programmatic activation of one or more of the plurality of data storage units according to a time-based schedule, wherein the programmatic activation schedule operates independently of data transfer operations accessing one or more of the plurality of data storage units.

Abstract: A computing system is disclosed herein. The computing system includes a computing node and a remote memory node coupled to the computing node via a system fabric. The computing node includes a plurality of processors and a master memory controller. The master memory controller is external to the plurality of processors. The master memory controller routes requests corresponding to requests from the plurality of processors across the system fabric to the remote memory node and returns a response.

Abstract: A system includes a network interface, a processing device, and a memory device. The memory device stores instructions for accessing a first log file of a first format type from a first server and converting the first log file to a first record in a shared data-interchange format. A second log file of a second format type is accessed from a second server. The second log file is converted to a second record in the shared data-interchange format, and instances of the first and second record are collected over a period of time. A resource allocation of the first server and the second server is analyzed based on the instances of the first record and the second record. A resource allocation adjustment request is transmitted to one or more of the server systems based on a predicted trend of the resource allocation of the first and second server.

Abstract: Systems and methods for fast storage allocation for encrypted storage are disclosed. An example method may include receiving, by a processing device executing a hypervisor, an identification of a first storage block that has been released by a first virtual machine; tracking, by the hypervisor, an encryption status corresponding to the first storage block to indicate whether the first storage block contains encrypted content; receiving a request to allocate storage to a second virtual machine; analyzing, by the hypervisor, the first storage block to determine that the first storage block contains encrypted content in view of the encryption status corresponding the first storage block; and allocating the first storage block containing the encrypted content to the second virtual machine without clearing the encrypted content of the first storage block.

Abstract: Improved techniques for applying performance controls in a data storage system based on overload correlations between units of managed storage objects (UMOs). When a performance indicator (e.g. response time) for a target UMO is outside an acceptable range, a competing UMO that potentially shares at least one potentially shared hardware component with the target UMO is identified. An overload correlation between the target UMO and the competing UMO is generated that indicates an amount of correlation between the performance indicator for the target UMO and a performance indicator for the competing UMO. A performance control is then applied to the throughput of the competing UMO that reduces the throughput of the competing UMO. The amount that the throughput of the competing UMO is reduced is based on the amount of overload correlation between the target UMO and the competing UMO.

Abstract: A dual-channel Dual In-Line Memory Module (DIMM) is configured to provide memory transactions on a first memory channel and a second memory channel. The dual-channel DIMM includes a first bank of Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM) devices configured to provide a first memory transaction on the first memory channel, a second bank of DRAM devices configured to provide a second memory transaction on the second memory channel, and a plurality of back door communication paths, each back door communication path being between a data bit of the first bank of DRAM devices and a corresponding data bit of the second bank of DRAM devices.

Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for managing fragmentation in hardware-assisted compression of data in physical computer memory which may result in reduced internal fragmentation. An example computer-implemented method comprises: providing, by a memory management program to compression hardware, a compression command including an address in physical computer memory of data to be compressed and a list of at least two available buffers for storing compressed data; using, by the compression hardware, the address included in the compression command to retrieve uncompressed data; compressing the uncompressed data; and selecting, by the compression hardware, from the list of at least two available buffers, at least two buffers for storing compressed data based on an amount of space that would remain if the compressed data were stored in the at least two buffers, wherein each of the at least two selected buffers differs in size from at least one other of the selected buffers.

Abstract: A memory management method is provided. The method includes selecting a target physical programming unit among a plurality of physical programming units of a rewritable non-volatile memory module; identifying a target storage status and a target read voltage according to a memory type of the rewritable non-volatile memory module; using the target read voltage to read the target physical programming unit to obtain a bit value ratio; and identifying a storage pattern of the target physical programming unit according to the bit value ratio.

Abstract: When transferring waveform data from a waveform region in a high-capacity flash memory to a waveform buffer in a RAM, first, whether a non-ring buffer region that can receive the waveform data can be allocated in the RAM is determined, and if so, the waveform data is transferred to the allocated non-ring buffer region. If such a non-ring buffer region cannot be allocated, then whether a ring buffer region that can receive the waveform data can be allocated in the RAM is determined, and if so, the waveform data is transferred to the ring-buffer region in a ring buffer operational manner.

Abstract: An exemplary system preserves the autonomy of two or more distinct storage management systems all the while enabling backed up data to be restored from a first storage management system (the “local system”) to a specially-configured client in a second storage management system (the “remote system”). For example, backed up data in the local system (e.g., a secondary copy of production data) may be transferred, in a restore operation, from secondary storage in the local storage management system, which originated the data, to a client of the remote storage management system (the “remote client”). As a specially-configured “restore-only client,” the remote client is limited to receiving backed up data from the local storage management system, via restore operation(s) managed by the local storage manager. The remote client remains a full-fledged client in its home system, the remote storage management system.

Abstract: In various examples, device comprises a memory and a memory controller. The memory controller comprises a write tracking buffer. The memory controller to: receive a write request bound for the memory, store an entry associated with the write request in the write tracking buffer, and determine an access pattern of the memory. The access pattern indicates a high or a low write bandwidth of the memory. The memory controller to execute the write request bound for the memory based on the determined memory access pattern, complete execution of the write request, and responsive to completing execution of the write request, free the entry associated with the write request from the write tracking buffer.

Abstract: A circuit includes a memory and an address generator configured to generate a write address signal and a read address signal, where the write address signal has a first delay relative to the read address signal. The memory is configured to receive a first plurality of write addresses, from the write address signal, including a first plurality of addresses of the memory in a first order, and write, to the first plurality of write addresses, a first plurality of data words during a first time period. The memory is further configured to receive a first plurality of read addresses, from the read address signal, including the first plurality of addresses in a second order, and read, from the first plurality of read addresses, the first plurality of data words during a second time period. The first and second time periods partially overlap.

Abstract: A storage system and method for executing file-based firmware commands and collecting response data are provided. In one embodiment, a storage system is provided comprising a memory and a controller. The controller is configured to: receive a request from a host in communication with the storage system to write data in a file, wherein the file is identified by a file path name; determine whether the file path name matches a predetermined file path name; in response to determining that the file path name does not match the predetermined file path name, write the data in the file; and in response to determining that the file path name matches the predetermined file path name, execute a command represented by the data. Other embodiments are provided.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to adjusting performance of a virtualization layer to reduce underutilization of a physical device. The virtualization layer virtualizes access to the device for a VM. When a guest in the VM makes a request to a virtual device, the virtualization layer and the device work together to satisfy the request. Some time is spent by the virtualization layer (software/CPU time), for instance delivering the request from the VM to the physical device, mapping the request from the virtual device to the physical device, etc. Additional time is spent by the device in performing the request (device time). The software/CPU time relative to the device time serves as a basis for deciding whether to increase or decrease processing capacity of the virtualization layer (or a component thereof), thus reducing underutilization of the device and over-provisioning of processing capacity to the virtualization layer.

Abstract: To provide a multi-rank SDRAM control method and an SDRAM controller that prevent performance degradation and minimize increase in parts count even in a multi-rank SDRAM configuration. A multi-rank SDRAM control method controls a multi-rank SDRAM formed by connecting data buses of multiple SDRAM devices. In each of the multiple SDRAM devices, only a data mask signal for a rank of the SDRAM device, which is to be accessed, is negated, whereby an access to the rank is executed.

Abstract: Example methods are provided to perform persistent reservation emulation in a shared virtual storage environment that includes a first host supporting a first node and a second host supporting a second node. One example method may comprise detecting a command issued by a first node to command issued by a first node to update information relating to a reservation or registration associated with a virtual disk, and updating persistent reservation information associated with the virtual disk to indicate that the command has been issued by the first node. The method may also comprise determining that the second node either has acknowledged the updated persistent reservation information, or has not acknowledged the updated persistent reservation information within a time interval. The method may further comprise updating the persistent reservation information based on the command.