Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing eicosapentanoic acid, docosapentanoic acid and/or docohexanoic acid in transgenic plants. According to said method, the plant is provided with at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?6 desaturase activity, at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?6 elongase activity, at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?5 desaturase activity, and at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?5 elongase activity, the nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?5 elongase activity being modified in relation to the nucleic acid sequence in the organism from which the sequence originates, such that it is adapted to the codon use in at least one type of plant. For the production of docosahexanoic acid, at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?4 desaturase activity is also introduced into the plant.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing eicosapentanoic acid, docosapentanoic acid and/or docohexanoic acid in transgenic plants. According to said method, the plant is provided with at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?6 desaturase activity, at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?6 elongase activity, at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?5 desaturase activity, and at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?5 elongase activity, the nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?5 elongase activity being modified in relation to the nucleic acid sequence in the organism from which the sequence originates, such that it is adapted to the codon use in at least one type of plant. For the production of docosahexanoic acid, at least one nucleic acid sequence coding for a polypeptide with a ?4 desaturase activity is also introduced into the plant.

Abstract: Nucleic acid constructs are provided. These constructs comprise any of the, nucleic acid sequences at least 85% identical to nucleotide sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 68, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, 13, 16, 19, 20, 23, 24, 27, 30, 32, 37, 42, 49, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 64, 69, 70, 73, 77, 78, 79, 80, 84, 86, 87, 93, 94, 98, 101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108 and 109 and a promoter sequence capable of directing transcription of said nucleic acid sequence in a host cell. Also provided are transgenic plants expressing these nucleic acid constructs and methods of using same.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method of promoting polyploidization of megakaryocytes and thereby producing highly polyploidized megakaryocytes, a method of efficiently producing platelets from polyploidized megakaryocytes, and the like. The present invention provides a method of producing polyploidized megakaryocytes comprising a step of forcing expression of an apoptosis suppressor gene in megakaryocytes before polyploidization and culturing the resulting cells.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an attenuated recombinant alphavirus that is incapable of replicating in mosquito cells and of transmission by mosquito vectors. These attenuated alphavirus may include but is not limited to Western Equine Encephalitis virus, Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus or Chikungunya virus. The present invention also discloses the method of generating such alphaviruses and their use as immunogenic compositions.

Abstract: Provided are nucleic acid sequences, recombinant adeno-associated viral particles, compositions, and methods related to treating cone monochromacies, such as blue cone monochromacy (BCM). Specifically, the nucleic acid sequences, recombinant adeno-associated viral particles, compositions, and methods involve use of an M-opsin gene operably linked to a cone-specific promoter. Further disclosed is the sequence of a cone-specific PR2.1 promoter.

Abstract: The present invention relates nucleic acid constructs for the production of recombinant parvoviral (e.g. adeno-associated viral) vectors in insect cells, to insect cells comprising such constructs and to methods wherein the cells are used to produce recombinant parvoviral virions. The insect cells preferably comprise a first nucleotide sequence encoding the parvoviral rep proteins whereby the initiation codon for translation of the parvoviral Rep78 protein is a suboptimal initiation codon that effects partial exon skipping upon expression in insect cells. The insect cell further comprises a second nucleotide sequence comprising at least one parvoviral (AAV) inverted terminal repeat (ITR) nucleotide sequence and a third nucleotide sequence comprising a sequences coding for the parvoviral capsid proteins.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to delivering a polynucleotide into a target cell, particularly, into the nucleus of the target cell. The method comprises the steps of contacting the polynucleotide with the cell and applying pressure on the polynucleotide and the cell in a manner that forces the polynucleotide into the cell. The pressure can be between about 0.1 Pa to about 50 Pa; whereas, the polynucleotide is contacted with the cell at a concentration of between about 0.1 ?M and about 100 ?M. The method can be practiced for cells in culture or cells in vivo.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a DNA-targeting RNA that comprises a targeting sequence and, together with a modifying polypeptide, provides for site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA. The present disclosure further provides site-specific modifying polypeptides. The present disclosure further provides methods of site-specific modification of a target DNA and/or a polypeptide associated with the target DNA The present disclosure provides methods of modulating transcription of a target nucleic acid in a target cell, generally involving contacting the target nucleic acid with an enzymatically inactive Cas9 polypeptide and a DNA-targeting RNA. Kits and compositions for carrying out the methods are also provided. The present disclosure provides genetically modified cells that produce Cas9; and Cas9 transgenic non-human multicellular organisms.

Abstract: A therapeutic serum suitable for inclusion in a cosmetic preparation may be produced by stressing a co-culture including proliferative cells. The co-culture of cells may be obtained by growing first culture to less than one-hundred percent confluence on a surface. After a monolayer of first culture is established, a second culture may be seeded onto at least one cell free area on the surface, the resulting co-culture grown to less than one-hundred percent confluence. Additional cultures may then be seeded onto cell free areas of the surface and established until a monolayer having the desired population of cells is obtained. The monolayer is then stressed to obtain a serum by conditioning a collection medium. The obtained serum may be combined with a suitable cosmetic base to provide a cosmetic preparation.

Abstract: Plasmid vectors and use of plasmid vectors in methods for producing methane and isoprene using Archaea are disclosed. Particularly, plasmid vectors that express isoprene synthase (ispS) are prepared and inserted into methanogens, such as Methanosarcina acetivorans, to allow for co-production of methane and isoprene. In one embodiment, the methods of the present disclosure can be used for wastewater management.

Abstract: The document provides methods for biosynthesizing isobutene using one or more isolated enzymes such as one or more of a hydratase such as an enzyme classified under EC 4.2.1.- and a decarboxylating thioesterase, or using recombinant host cells expressing one or more such enzymes.

Abstract: A system and method for converting biomass with no chemical pretreatment is disclosed. Combination of a microbial system and the use of mechanical disruption during fermentation may help achieve high conversion rate without the extra cost and undesirable by-products typically associated with the pretreatment process.

Abstract: Biomass (e.g., plant biomass, animal biomass, and municipal waste biomass) is processed to produce useful products, such as fuels. For example, systems can use feedstock materials, such as cellulosic and/or lignocellulosic materials and/or starchy or sugary materials, to produce ethanol and/or butanol, e.g., by fermentation.

Abstract: Presented herein are oleaginous strains of yeast such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae that have been modified to allow for xylose utilization. Such strains are also modified to allow for higher lipid accumulation utilizing a broad range of sugar monomers such as those released during pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass. Methods of producing lipids and ethanol using these yeast strains are also disclosed.

Abstract: Using as a carbon source a long chain fatty acid which has not necessarily been efficaciously used in industry, culture of a microorganism and production of a substance by the microorganism are industrially efficiently carried out. A microorganism is cultured in the presence of a carbon source including anyone of the following compositions: (1) a fatty acid composition containing at least two fatty acids selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid; and (2) a mixed composition containing at least one fatty acid selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid, and a fat and oil, and having a content of the fatty acid of not less than 10% by weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the provision of genetically modified fungal cells, such as yeast cells with an improved ability for producing different fatty acids and specifically fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE), the main components of biodiesel. An increased in fatty acid production, and hence in FAEE, is obtained in the first place by expressing different heterologous polypeptides in combination with the down-regulation, attenuation, deletion or over-expression of specially selected genes, wherein said genes encode enzymes involved in the fatty acids synthesizing pathway, fatty acid consuming pathways, carbohydrate biosynthesis pathways or enzyme acting as wax ester transporters or a combination thereof. The methods and products of the invention would allow large-scale production of FAEE with carbohydrates as the only externally-supplied substrate.

Abstract: An isolated protein or peptide, which is functional for a partial synthesis step of the biosynthesis of [S,S]-ethylenediamine-disuccinate, including or composed of an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID No. 39, SEQ ID No. 41, SEQ ID No. 43, SEQ ID No. 45, SEQ ID No. 47, SEQ ID No. 49, SEQ ID No. 51, SEQ ID No. 53, and combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polynucleotides encoding novel fusion polypeptides essentially composed of a signal peptide for membrane translocation and a polypeptide providing ?-1,6-glucosidase activity and to bacteria containing said polynucleotides. The invention further relates to methods for producing fine chemicals using media containing isomaltose and/or panose as carbon source.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of producing sugar phosphates by enzymatic transphosphorylation, wherein the phosphoryl transfer from phosphate donor substrates to sugar substrates is catalyzed by an enzyme having alpha-glucose-1-phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a biocatalyst having sucrose phosphorylase as well as alpha-glucose-1-phosphatase activity and its use. The production of an enzyme having alpha-glucose-1-phosphatase activity and its use in the transphosphorylation of sugar substrates is also presented herein.

Abstract: The current disclosure provides a process for enzymatically converting a saccharide into tagatose. The invention also relates to a process for preparing tagatose where the process involves converting fructose 6-phosphate (F6P) to tagatose 6-phosphate (T6P), catalyzed by an epimerase, and converting the T6P to tagatose, catalyzed by a phosphatase.

Abstract: A system for treating biomass for the production of ethanol is disclosed. A biorefinery for producing a fermentation product from biomass is disclosed. The biorefinery comprises a system for preparing the biomass into prepared biomass and a system for pre-treating the biomass into pre-treated biomass. The biorefinery comprises a separator, a first treatment system, a second treatment system, and a fermentation system. A method for producing a fermentation product from biomass is disclosed.

Abstract: As a method for highly efficiently amplifying a TCR cDNA in a short period of time, there is provided a method for amplifying a T cell receptor (TCR) cDNA, which comprises the following step (1) and step (2): (1) the step of performing PCR by using at least one kind of the L primer mentioned below, the C primer 1 or UTR primer 1 mentioned below, and cDNA obtained from a single cell as the template to obtain an amplification product 1; an L primer of 30- to 60-nucleotide length comprising an adapter part of 15- to 25-nucleotide length, and a leader region-annealing part of 15- to 25-nucleotide length, which is ligated downstream from the adapter part, and can anneal to a part of a leader region containing a translation initiation codon, or an upstream part thereof, a C primer 1 of 15- to 25-nucleotide length, which can anneal to a part of a constant region, or a UTR primer 1 of 15- to 25-nucleotide length, which can anneal to a part of a 3? untranslated region; (2) the step of performing PCR by using the a

Abstract: Ent-kaurenoic acid glycoside precursor compositions and synthesis methods are provided. The KA-19-monoside, KA-19-bioside and KA-19-trioside precursors can be used as starting materials for a variety of kaurenoic acid based reactions. The precursors provide alternative synthesis pathways for steviol glycosides to the natural pathway based on Steviol biosynthesis. The alternative synthesis pathways using the precursors also circumvent the rate limiting step of the natural Steviol biosynthesis pathway. The precursors can be used individually or in combination to produce a mixture or individual steviol glycosides such as Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside D or Rebaudioside M. Control over the precursor quantities and composition allows control over the composition of the resulting steviol glycosides that are finally produced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for selectively producing compound K and compound Y, which are originally present in ginseng in a trace amount, from saponins of ginseng, and more specifically to a method capable of obtaining desired target compounds, that is, compound K and compound Y, in high yields, by treating saponins, obtained from ginseng, with particular enzymes to structurally convert the saponins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel bioactivity testing structure for single cell tracking using a gelling agent and a bioactivity testing system including the testing structure. The present invention also relates to bioactivity testing, drug susceptibility testing, antibiotic screening, and diagnostic methods using the testing structure. The bioactivity testing structure of the present invention enables very rapid and simple drug susceptibility testing of bacteria, particularly Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug screening, and bacterial diagnosis. Particularly, the use of the testing structure enables DST and diagnosis of bacteria only by pretreatment without the need to concentrate human sputum samples irrespective of inoculum effect, ensuring rapid, accurate, and simple testing compared to conventional tuberculosis diagnosis or DST systems. In addition, the testing structure of the present invention simultaneously enables the diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing of tuberculosis.

Abstract: Methods are provided for the prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of various pathological states, including cancer, chemotherapy resistance and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. The methods provided herein are based on the discovery that various proteins with a high level of sialylation are shown herein to be associated with disease states, such as, cancer, chemotherapy resistance and dementia associated with Alzheimer's disease. Such methods provide a lysosomal exocytosis activity profile comprising one or more values representing lysosomal exocytosis activity. Also provided herein, is the discovery that low lysosomal sialidase activity is associated with various pathological states. Thus, the methods also provide a lysosomal sialidase activity profile, comprising one or more values representing lysosomal sialidase activity. A lysosomal sialidase activity profile is one example of a lysosomal exocytosis activity profile.

Abstract: An immobilized enzymatic reactor can include a wall defining a chamber having an inlet and an outlet; a solid stationary phase covalently linked to an enzyme and disposed within the chamber; and a pressure modulator in fluid communication with the chamber and adapted to support continuous flow of a liquid sample comprising a polymer analyte through the inlet, over the solid stationary phase, and out of the outlet under a pressure between about 2,500 and 35,000 psi. In one example, the solid stationary phase includes inorganic/organic hybrid particles in an ultra performance liquid chromatography system, the enzyme is a protease, and the polymer analyte is a polypeptide. The immobilized enzymatic reactor can prepare an analyte for applications such as for hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry.

Abstract: The present invention is based on the discovery of sensitive and specific methylation detection by a) controlling excessive DNA degradation prior to conversion by incubating DNA conversion reagent (e.g. bisulfite reagent) directly with a nucleic acid containing sample without requiring prior nucleic acid purification from the sample and without requiring prior nucleic acid denaturation at elevated temperatures of 98° C. and, b) optimizing bisulfite removal by controlling the pumping rate flow of the bisulfite treated sample over an extraction membrane inside an automated system.

Abstract: The present application relates to new coumarin compounds and their uses as fluorescent labels. The compounds may be used as fluorescent labels for nucleotides in nucleic acid sequencing applications.

Abstract: The present invention generally pertains to methods for detecting the presence or absence of a particular nucleic acid sequence. The present invention generally relates to incorporating a detector into a target nucleic acid, adding an oligonucleotide probe, polymerase enzyme and an inhibitor to the reaction, and detecting interference of the oligonucleotide probe with the inhibitor as an indication of the presence of a particular target nucleic acid sequence as well as kits encompassing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides for novel methods for regulating and detecting the cytosine methylation status of DNA. The invention is based upon identification of a novel and surprising catalytic activity for the family of TET proteins, namely TET1, TET2, TET3, and CXXC4. The novel activity is related to the enzymes being capable of converting the cytosine nucleotide 5-methylcytosine into 5-hydroxymethylcytosine by hydroxylation.

Abstract: Provided herein is method for, among other things, estimating the number of sequence variations in a sample of DNA. In some embodiments, the method can be used to estimate the mutational load of a sample. In some embodiments, the method makes use of a set of primers that have 3? ends that specifically hybridizes to a sequence that is repeated multiple times in the genome. Thermocycling a reaction mix containing the primers may produce a reaction product comprising at least 50 amplicons having a total length of at least 100 kb. This product can be sequenced to provide an estimate of the number of sequence variations in the sample, and thus the mutational load of the sample.

Abstract: Described herein are products and processes for nucleic acid quantification, which are in part useful for detecting and determining the nucleotide sequence of rare nucleic acids (i.e., low copy number nucleic acids) in a sample. Such products and processes are useful for reducing the dynamic range among different nucleic acid species.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to processes for inverting oligonucleotide probes in an in situ synthesized array. These processes can be used to reverse the orientation of probes with respect to the substrate from 3?-bound to 5?-bound. These processes can also be used to reduce or eliminate the presence of truncated probe sequences from an in situ synthesized array.

Abstract: A sample analyzing method includes: denaturing DNA by heating a measurement specimen; bleaching the measurement specimen to inhibit autofluorescence from the measurement specimen; binding a fluorescent dye to a test substance in the measurement specimen; and capturing an image of fluorescence originated from the fluorescent dye by irradiating the measurement specimen with light. The DNA denaturation treatment is performed before the bleaching.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods and systems for nucleic acid amplification including isothermal nucleic acid amplification.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and compositions for sequencing nucleic acid molecules and identifying individual sample nucleic acid molecules using Molecular Index Tags (MITs). Furthermore, reaction mixtures, kits, and adapter libraries are provided.

Abstract: A method of sequencing a nucleic acid strand includes receiving particles having nucleic acid strands coupled to a polymer matrix, exposing the particles to a solution including a condensing agent, and applying the particles to a surface, the particles depositing on the surface.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides compositions, methods, systems, and devices for polynucleotide processing. Such polynucleotide processing may be useful for a variety of applications, including polynucleotide sequencing. In some cases, this disclosure provides methods for the generation of polynucleotide barcode libraries, and for the attachment of such polynucleotides to target polynucleotides.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and compositions for identifying targets for induction of self-tolerance and treatment of autoimmune disease.

Abstract: The present invention provides detection systems and methods for detection of loci and genomic regions in a sample, including mixed samples, using hybridization to an array.

Abstract: Methods for diagnosis of sepsis are disclosed. In particular, the invention relates to the use of biomarkers for aiding diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of sepsis, and to a panel of biomarkers that can be used to distinguish sepsis from noninfectious sources of inflammation, such as caused by traumatic injury, surgery, autoimmune disease, thrombosis, or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).

Abstract: A novel set of 98 genes expressed in the respiratory tract epithelium that serve as biomarkers for measuring chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) activity are provided. Methods of classifying the (COPD) status of a subject are provided. Systems for expression-based classification of COPD disease status are provided. Methods of treating COPD are also provided, among other things.

Abstract: The gene responsible for encoding SERT has a functional polymorphism at the 5?-regulatory promoter region, which results in two forms, long (L) and short (S). The LL-genotype is hypothesized to play a key role in the early onset of alcohol use. The present invention discloses the differences in treatment and diagnosis based on the L or short genotypes as well as on a single nucleotide polymorphism of the SERT gene, the 3? UTR SNP rs1042173. The present invention demonstrates the efficacy of using the drug ondansetron and similar drugs for treatment based on variations in the polymorphisms of the SERT gene as well as methods for diagnosing susceptibility to abuse of alcohol and other addiction-related diseases and disorders.

Abstract: The invention relates to newly discovered nucleic acid molecules and proteins associated with breast or ovarian cancer. Compositions, kits, and methods for detecting, characterizing, preventing, and treating human breast or ovarian cancers are provided.

Abstract: Methods and kits for characterizing a subject having a steroid-dependent disease such as prostate cancer are described. A method of treating a steroid-dependent disease in a subject by obtaining a biological sample from the subject, determining if the HSD3B1(1245C) gene or 3?HSD1(367T) protein is expressed in the biological sample, and providing treatment other than or in addition to steroid ablation to the subject if the HSD3B1(1245C) gene or 3?HSD1(367T) protein is expressed is also described.

Abstract: A system and method for isolating cells, comprising: a substrate having a broad surface; an array comprising a set of wells defined at the broad surface of the substrate, each well including: a base surface, an open surface directly opposing the base surface, defined at the broad surface of the substrate, and configured to receive one of a single cell and a single cluster of cells from a direction perpendicular to the broad surface of the substrate, and a set of channels that fluidly couple each well to at least one adjacent well; wherein the set of wells includes an interior subset and an exterior subset fluidly coupled to and surrounding the interior subset by way of the set of channels; and a fluid delivery module surrounding the array and fluidly coupled to each well in the set of wells.

Abstract: A method for identifying and enumerating candidate target cells within a biological fluid specimen is described. The method includes obtaining a biological fluid specimen, preparing the biological fluid specimen by staining cell features in the biological fluid specimen, capturing a digital image having a plurality of color channels of the biological fluid specimen, and applying image analysis to the digital image. A computer program product for identifying candidate target cells within a biological fluid specimen is also described. The computer program comprises instructions to cause a processor to carry out the image analysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to establishment of a series of artificial luciferases based on artificial amino acid sequences extracted by amino acid alignment of copepod-derived luciferase sequences in a database based on amino acid similarity. The invention provides high luminescence intensity, high luminescence stability, and a spectrum with increased wavelength as luminescence characteristics. A series of artificial luciferases (ALuc) was established. The group of ALucs has superior luminescence characteristics, such as an increase in luminescence intensity, an increase in luminescence stability, or an increase in wavelength of the luminescence spectrum, which were not obtained before. Further, by using the artificial luciferases (ALuc) of the invention, it is possible to provide a novel, superior bioassay system, such as a bioluminescent probe, two-hybrid assay, a luminescent capsule, or the like having improved measurement function.