Abstract: A process for producing an activated monomer composition comprising at least one lactam and/or lactone, one catalyst, and one activator permits storage of the resultant monomer composition, since this is stable with respect to polymerization. Said monomer composition is used inter alia in producing a polyamide molding via ring-opening, anionic polymerization.

Abstract: A polymer compound is formed by condensing a polyacrylic acid having some of carboxyl groups converted into a lithium salt with a polyfunctional amine represented by the following general formula (1). A chain structure constituted by the polyacrylic acid has free carboxyl groups and carboxyl groups converted into a lithium salt. Y is a straight-chain alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a phenylene group, or an oxygen atom. R1 and R2 are each independently one or more hydrogen atoms, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, or a methoxy group.

Abstract: A transparent and colorless polyimide resin is provided. The polyimide resin is derived from at least two dianhydride monomers and at least two diamine monomers. At least one monomer in the dianhydride and diamine monomers includes structure of formula (1). The monomer with structure of formula (1) has an amount of moles accounting for 10-50% of total moles of the dianhydride or diamine monomers. In formula (1), X is SO2,C(CH3)2 or C(CF3)2, Y is oxygen.

Abstract: A photosensitive resin composition using a polyimide precursor composition, a cured film, a method for producing a cured film, a semiconductor device, and a method for producing a polyimide precursor composition are provided. In the polyimide precursor composition, the molar ratio of repeating units represented by General Formula (1-2) among structural isomers of the polyimide precursor is 60% to 90% by mole. In General Formula (1-2), A1 and A2 each independently represents an oxygen atom or NH, R111 and R112 each independently represents a single bond or a divalent organic group, and R113 and R114 each independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.

Abstract: Disclosed is a vinylbenzyl imide resin useful in conjunction with other components to prepare a resin composition for making such as a prepreg, a resin film, a resin film with copper foil, a laminate or a printed circuit board, having improved one or more properties including resin flow, resin filling property, flame retardancy, glass transition temperature, thermal resistance, dielectric constant, dissipation factor and interlayer bonding strength. Also disclosed is a method of preparing the vinylbenzyl imide resin, its prepolymer, a resin composition comprising the vinylbenzyl imide resin and/or its polymer and an article made therefrom.

Abstract: Provided are a device for continuously producing poly(arylene sulfide) (hereinafter, referred to as PAS) and a method for continuous PAS production with which resource savings, energy savings, and a reduction in equipment cost are rendered possible. The device for continuous PAS production according to the present invention includes a housing chamber for housing a plurality of reaction cells; wherein the housing chamber is supplied with at least an organic amide solvent, a sulfur source, and a dihalo aromatic compound. In the reaction cells, the sulfur source is polymerized with the dihalo aromatic compound in the organic amide solvent to form a reaction mixture. The reaction cells communicate with each other through a gas phase within the housing chamber. The reaction cells are sequentially connected, and the reaction mixture sequentially moves to each reaction cell.

Abstract: A silicone-modified polybenzoxazole resin comprising repeating units of formulae (1a) and (1b) is prepared by addition polymerization. R1 to R4 are a C1-C8 monovalent hydrocarbon group, m and n are integers of 0-300, R5 is C1-C8 alkylene or phenylene, a and b are positive numbers of less than 1, a+b=1, and X1 is a divalent linker of formula (2). The resin is flexible, soluble in organic solvents, and easy to use.

Abstract: The present invention relates to benefit agent containing delivery particles, compositions comprising said particles, and processes for making and using the aforementioned particles and compositions. When employed in compositions, for example, cleaning or fabric care compositions, such particles increase the efficiency of benefit agent delivery, thereby allowing reduced amounts of benefit agents to be employed. In addition to allowing the amount of benefit agent to be reduced, such particles allow a broad range of benefit agents to be employed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of forming silica nanolayers on or within a biological sample, thereby capturing structural details that are present in the sample. The resultant silica composite or silica replica, in turn, can be employed as a template for a replica having those structural details captured in a polymer. Also provided herein are synthetic constructs including a polymeric replica, which can have any useful feature (e.g., oxygen-binding capacity).

Abstract: A method for forming a conjugated heteroaromatic polymer is described, wherein at least one compound of formula (1) is polymerized using an acid as a catalyst, wherein X is selected from S, O, Se, Te, PR2 and NR2, Y is hydrogen (H) or a precursor of a good leaving group Y? whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 30, Z is hydrogen (H), silyl, or a good leaving group whose conjugate acid (HY) has a pKa of less than 30, b is 0, 1 or 2, each R1 is a substituent, and the at least one compound of formula (1) being polymerized includes at least one compound of formula (1) with Z?H and Y?H.

Abstract: Composition and methods of making the compositions are provided. The composition may include an aqueous emulsion of a polymer resin and a hydrophobic monomer with the proviso that the composition is surfactant-free; wherein the support resin may be a styrene-acrylic resin or acrylic resin having from about 5 wt % to about 40 wt % acid functional repeat units.

Abstract: Analyte-insensitive materials comprising polymerizable monomers suitable for use in forming a hydrophilic, cross-linked gel comprising on the surface of a substrate for an electrode.

Abstract: Specific benzocyclobutenes serve as intramolecular or intermolecular or both intramolecular or intermolecular crosslinkers. The benzocyclobutenes can be incorporated into polymers post polymerization or can be provided as monomers that participate in homopolymerization or copolymerization with other monomer to create the polymers having benzocyclobutenes that are exploited to carry out the crosslinking. At least some of the benzocyclobutenes taught herein can be used to carry out crosslinking a ambient temperatures.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an epoxy resin composition for fiber-reinforced composite materials which has low viscosity, high Tg, high elastic modulus, and excellent fracture toughness and a fiber-reinforced composite material using such an epoxy resin composition which has excellent thermal properties, compressive strength, impact resistance, fatigue resistance, and open-hole tensile strength and which is suitable for producing structural parts of aircraft and the like. The epoxy resin composition comprises at least a given bifunctional epoxy resin as a component (A), a liquid aromatic diamine curing agent as a component (B), and core-shell polymer particles as a component (C), wherein the core-shell polymer particles as the component (C) contain epoxy groups in their shell and have a volume-average particle size of 50 to 300 nm.

Abstract: A prepreg comprising a fibrous material contacting a polymerizable resin, at least 50 wt % of the polymerizable resin comprising at least one polymerizable monomer having at least two carbon-carbon unsaturated functional groups, the monomer being polymerizable by reaction of the unsaturated functional groups to form a cured resin, wherein the resin has a heat of polymerization of less than 230 KJ/kg to provide a maximum increase in temperature of the prepreg of 60° C. during polymerization under adiabatic conditions.

Abstract: Provided are silicone particles having a rubber elasticity, a low cohesiveness, a high dispersibility in a resin, and alkenyl groups on the surfaces thereof; and a method for producing the same. The silicone particles are silicone elastomer spherical particles having surfaces thereof coated with polymethylalkenylsilsesquioxane, and having a volume average particle size of 0.1 to 100 ?m, in which the polymethylalkenylsilsesquioxane is in an amount of 0.5 to 25 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the silicone elastomer spherical particles, and alkenylsilyl groups are present on the surface of the polymethylalkenylsilsesquioxane.

Abstract: Polymer foam and a method for preparing the same are disclosed. In the present disclosure, the method sequentially comprises the following steps: providing a polymer body; performing a pressure-induced flow (PIF) process on the polymer body at a first predetermined temperature and a first predetermined pressure for a pressure holding time, to obtain a polymer sheet; and performing a foaming process on the polymer sheet by using a foaming agent at a second predetermined temperature and a second predetermined pressure for a saturation time, to obtain polymer foam.

Abstract: Provided is a crosslinked rubber having excellent workability and heat resistance, and a crosslinkable rubber composition that can be used to form the crosslinked rubber. The crosslinkable rubber composition contains: a rubber including a carboxyl group-containing ethylenically unsaturated monomer unit; an amine-based crosslinking agent having a melting point of at least 50° C. and no higher than 180° C.; and one or more carbon nanotubes. The crosslinked rubber is obtainable through crosslinking of the crosslinkable rubber composition. The carbon nanotubes preferably have a BET specific surface area of from 600 m2/g to 2,000 m2/g.

Abstract: Elastomeric materials and articles of manufacture produced using elastomeric materials are disclosed. In an embodiment, a rubber-based elastomeric material includes a diene rubber component, a reinforcing component, and a wax component. The rubber-based elastomeric material is provided in the form of a film having a thickness of at least about 30 mils. The film exhibits a flexural modulus of less than about 0.06 MPa.

Abstract: Composition including at least one hydrocarbon-containing cut of petroleum origin or obtained from biomass conversion (a) and at least one copolymer (b) resulting from the copolymerization of: at least one monomer selected from: acrylic acid and any salt thereof, optionally at least one monomer selected from: methacrylic acid and any salt thereof, at least one monomer selected from the monomers of formula (I): R—X—R???(I) according to which R represents a polymerizable unsaturated function, R? denotes hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, X represents a structure including n unit(s) of ethylene oxide EO and m unit(s) of propylene oxide PO, m and n are two integers in the range from 0 to 150, at least one of which is not zero.

Abstract: The invention relates to a plasticizer composition comprising a terephthalic acid di-ester and an ester having the following formula (I): wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and represent a straight chain, branched or cyclic hydrocarbyl group. R1 and R2 in formula (I) have from 1 to 15 carbon atoms. The invention further relates to a polymer composition comprising a plasticizer composition comprising a terephthalic acid di-ester and an ester having the following formula (I).

Abstract: A composition comprising the reaction product of a polypropylene comprising at least 50 mol % propylene, and having a molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) greater than 6, a branching index (g?vis) of at least 0.97, and a melt strength greater than 10 cN determined using an extensional rheometer at 190° C.; and within the range from 0.01 to 3 wt % of at least one organic peroxide, by weight of the polypropylene and organic peroxide. Such hyperbranched polypropylenes are useful in films, foamed articles, and thermoformed articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of material and, in particular, provides a material comprising a mixture of brown algae, a cellulosic material and an adhesive; it also relates to the process for the elaboration thereof that comprises the main steps of mixing the brown algae, the cellulosic material and the adhesive, and drying the mixture of the brown algae, the cellulosic material and the adhesive. The material of the present invention, therefore, complies with the fact of being a material applicable to different needs, with adaptable characteristics as a function of the proportion of its prime materials and low-cost. Additionally, since it is possible to use initial materials of fast recovering, as in the case of cactus and algae, or recycling materials such as of paper, it is shaped as an ecologically friendly material.

Abstract: The present invention aims to provide rubber compositions for tires that contain a natural rubber achieving a balanced improvement in abrasion resistance, breaking performance, and processability to achieve a balanced improvement in abrasion resistance, breaking performance, and processability, and also provide pneumatic tires containing such rubber compositions for tires. Included is a rubber composition for tires comprising a modified natural rubber prepared by treating natural rubber latex with a proteolytic enzyme, and then treating the treated natural rubber latex with a lipolytic enzyme and/or a phospholipid degrading enzyme. Also included is a rubber composition for tires, comprising a modified natural rubber prepared by centrifuging natural rubber latex to recover a latex fraction comprising latex particles having an average particle size of 0.25 ?m or less.

Abstract: Disclosed is a rubber composition containing main-chain benzoxazine, in which benzoxazine generates no harmful materials during vulcanization and can thus be used in lieu of a phenol novolac resin used as a resin component of a conventional rubber composition, and also in which the use of benzoxazine, especially main-chain benzoxazine having a high molecular weight, is capable of maintaining excellent mechanical properties and exhibiting high flexibility. The rubber composition of the invention can be utilized for a rubber product, especially a tire product.

Abstract: Provided is a multi-component copolymer comprising conjugated diene units, non-conjugated olefin units and aromatic vinyl units, wherein: a peak top molecular weight of chain parts, divided by the conjugated diene units and each containing one or more of the non-conjugated olefin units and/or one or more of the aromatic vinyl units, is 1,000 or more and less than 40,000. A rubber composition comprising the multi-component copolymer, a crosslinked rubber composition, and a rubber article comprising the crosslinked rubber composition are also provided.

Abstract: A polymeric compound involves a blend of 50 wt % or greater of a thermoplastic having an average melting point (Tm) of less than 200 ° C. and less than 50 wt % of a butyl rubber ionomer dispersed in a matrix of the thermoplastic, weights based on total weight of the thermoplastic and butyl rubber ionomer. Such blends may exhibit improved physical properties compared to unblended thermoplastic, particularly ultimate elongation and/or damping. The polymeric compounds are useful for forming a variety of articles of manufacture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotomolded article, comprising at least one layer, wherein said at least one layer comprising comprises at least one metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene resin comprising at least two metallocene-catalyzed polyethylene fractions A and B; and at least one ionomer; wherein the polyethylene resin comprises: at least 25% to at most 55% by weight of polyethylene fraction A based on the total weight of the polyethylene resin, wherein fraction A has a density at least 0.005 g/cm3 higher than the density of the polyethylene resin; and wherein the polyethylene resin has a density of at least 0.930 g/cm3 to at most 0.954 g/cm3 as measured according to ASTM D-1505 at 23° C.; a melt index MI2 of at least 1.0 g/10 min to at most 25.0 g/10 min as determined according to ISO 1133, condition D, at 190° C. and under a load of 2.16 kg. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing said rotomolded article.

Abstract: The invention provides a composition comprising a first ethylene-based polymer, formed by a high pressure, free-radical polymerization process, and a second ethylene-based polymer, formed by a high pressure, free-radical polymerization process, such composition comprising the following properties: a) a melt index (I2) from 2.0 to 10 dg/min; b) a density from 0.922 to 0.935 g/cc; and wherein the second ethylene-based polymer is present in an amount from 60 to 95 weight percent, based on the sum of the weight of the first polymer and the second polymer; and wherein the second ethylene-based polymer has a density greater than, or equal to, 0.924 g/cc; and wherein the first ethylene-based polymer has a melt index less than 2.5 dg/min.

Abstract: A flame retardant compound is provided. The flame retardant compound includes a polymer base resin, a carbonific host compound, and a guest compound including at least one atom of a transition metal. The carbonific host compound and the guest compound form a host-guest complex, and the host-guest complex acts to inhibit at least one of smoke release and smoke formation when exposed to heat. The host-guest complex is distributed within the polymer base resin. An intumescent flame retardant compound is also provided. The intumescent flame retardant compound includes a base resin, an acid donor, a spumific agent, a cyclodextrin host compound, and a guest compound including at least one atom of molybdenum. The cyclodextrin host compound and the guest compound form a host-guest complex. The acid donor, carbonific host compound, and spumific agent react when exposed to a temperature above 280° C. to form a foam.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a continuous solution three reactor polymerization process. Process solvent, ethylene, optional comonomers, optional hydrogen and a single site catalyst system are injected into a first and second reactor configured in parallel to one another. A third reactor receives effluent from the first reactor, the second reactor, or a combination of the first and second reactors. Fresh monomer is feed to the third reactor for further polymerization and to give a final polyethylene product.

Abstract: A bamboo fibers reinforced polypropylene composition may include at least 50 wt % of a heterophasic propylene copolymer; from 2 to 40 wt % of bamboo fibers; and from 0.1 to 10 wt % of a coupling agent. The composition may show a melt flow index that is at least 5 g/10 min at 190° C. under a load of 2.16 kg according to ISO 1133, condition L; a density that is in the range of 0.900 and 1.010 g/cm3 according to ISO 1183; and a flexural modulus is in the range of 1100 MPa and 4000 MPa according to ISO 178. The composition may be prepared by mixing and kneading, and may be used to form articles.

Abstract: Provided herein are polymerization processes and polymer compositions including reactor blends formed by such polymerization processes. The polymerization processes include copolymerization using two metallocene catalyst systems: the first catalyst system capable of producing polymers having 60% or more vinyl terminations, the second catalyst system capable of producing high molecular weight polymers, preferably incorporating at least some of the polymers produced by the first catalyst system into the high molecular weight polymers. The reactor blends formed thereby therefore include first and second copolymer components, which may differ in monomer content and weight-average molecular weight (Mw). Furthermore, the reactor blends may exhibit advantageous rheological properties, at least some of which are consistent with long-chain branching. Preferred reactor blends comprise ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) terpolymers.

Abstract: Open time and creep resistance of hydraulically settable inorganic construction materials such as mortars and tile adhesives are both improved at the same time by the addition of a polymer mixture in the form of an aqueous dispersion or water-redispersible powder, containing one or more protective colloid-stabilized polymers having units derived from 20% to 30% by weight of vinyl chloride, 50% to 75% by weight of vinyl acetate, 5% to 20% by weight of ethylene, and one or more protective colloid-stabilized, vinyl halide-free polymers of one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers.

Abstract: The present invention is applicable to the field of polymer material preparation, and provides a method for preparing polymer hollow microspheres, the steps are as follows: mixing a styrene-based monomer A, an acrylic monomer B, and an acrylate monomer C with a initiator, and reacting to prepare a seed emulsion; maintaining the temperature of the seed emulsion unchanged, mixing the styrene-based monomer A, the monomer C, and a sulfur-containing acrylic monomer D with the initiator, continuously dripping to the seed emulsion, to obtain a product; adding alkaline solution to the product, then adding acid solution, and finally neutralizing, to obtain hollow microspheres.

Abstract: Compositions, devices, and methods are disclosed for the covalent modification of polymer surfaces with graft copolymers having a blend of side chains. The halogenated acrylic and polyalkylene glycol acrylic side chains of the graft copolymer provide the polymer surface with high hydrophobicity, as well as increased resistance to biofouling with proteinaceous material. The polymer surfaces can be particularly useful in microfluidic devices and methods that involve the contacting of the covalently modified polymer surfaces with emulsions of aqueous droplets containing biological macromolecules within an oil carrier phase.

Abstract: A method for producing a dicyclopentadiene-modified phenolic resin. The method including reusing a fluorine-based ion-exchange resin as a catalyst in a reaction between a phenol and a dicyclopentadiene, the fluorine-based ion-exchange resin having been used as a catalyst when a phenol and a dicyclopentadiene are allowed to react with each other to produce a first dicyclopentadiene-modified phenolic resin. In the method, the fluorine-based ion-exchange resin is washed with an organic solvent. The dicyclopentadiene-modified phenolic resin obtained by the method has a stable quality, has a high purity, and is inexpensive.

Abstract: A polyester resin composition and a molded article produced using the same. The polyester resin composition includes: (A) two polyester resins including an aliphatic ring structure and having different trans/cis isomer ratios in the aliphatic ring; (B) a white pigment; and (C) an inorganic filler, wherein the polyester resin composition has a crystallization temperature (Tc) of about 230° C. to about 250° C., as measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) while cooling the resin composition at a cooling rate of ?100° C./min.

Abstract: A polylactic acid resin composition of the present invention is constructed by dynamically cross-linking a resin mixture containing a polylactic acid-based resin, trans-polyisoprene, and a cross-linking agent. The resin composition can be used for a wide variety of applications such as automobile molded articles, molded articles for electric products, molded articles for agricultural materials, molded articles for business use, and molded articles for daily use.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a phosphorus compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1. In the above Chemical Formula 1, Ar is aryl and R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are each independently H, substitutable linear or branched C1-C20 alkyl and substitutable C6-C20 aryl, the aryl includes a member selected from the group consisting of phenyl, biphenyl, naphthalene, fluorene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthen, chrysene, benzofluoranthen, perylene, quinoline, indenoanthracene, indenophenanthrene, hydroanthracene, dibenzothiophen, dibenzofuran, and combinations thereof, and the substitution is substitution with C1-C6 alkyl or C6-C20 aryl, but may not be limited thereto.

Abstract: Provided are aqueous resin solutions having unique rheologies and products incorporating the same. The water-based materials provided herein are thermo-thickening, and the materials increase dramatically in viscosity (at least 100 times) in a desired temperature range increase (20 C to <100 C) at ambient pressure. Suitable resins comprising a hydrophobic group and a hydrophilic group may be selected from an epoxy resin, a phenol-formaldehyde resin, a polyurethane resin, an acrylic resin, a polyester resin, an acrylic-urethane resin, a melamine resin, a melamine-formaldehyde resin, an amino resin, and combinations thereof. A specific epoxy functional resin/polymer suitable for the resin solutions are prepared by reacting (A) an epoxy pre-polymer of (1) one or more polyols and (2) one or more epoxy functional materials with (B) a di- or polyamine, thereby forming the aqueous thermo-thickening resin solution. The resin solutions are substantially free of cross-linking agents.

Abstract: This invention relates to a highly heat-resistant polyamic acid solution and a polyimide film having improved thermal dimensional stability, wherein the polyamic acid solution includes a polymer of a diamine compound, containing 1 to 10 mol % of a carboxylic acid functional group-containing diamine compound based on the total amount of diamine, and a dianhydride compound, and the polyimide film includes polyimide, which is an imidized product of the polyamic acid solution and is configured such that main chains thereof are crosslinked through an amide bond (—CONH—).

Abstract: A monomer represented by Chemical Formula 1: wherein, in Chemical Formula 1, R1, R2, o, p, A1, Ra, m, k and n are the same as defined in the detailed description.

Abstract: Toughened poly(aryl ether sulfone)/poly(aryl ether ketone) blends. The present invention relates to polymer compositions including at least one poly(aryl ether sulfone) (PASS) polymer, at least one poly(aryletherketone) (PAEK) polymer, and at least one impact modifier (IM). The polymer composition may optionally include at least one aromatic polycarbonate (PC) and/or titanium dioxide (TiO2), The polymer composition is particularly suitable for use in mobile electronic devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to [1] a process for producing a pigment composition, including the step of subjecting a raw material pigment composition containing C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, a specific by-product and water to heat treatment at a temperature of from 160 to 210° C.; and [2] a method of reducing a content of a by-product in a raw material pigment composition containing C.I. Pigment Yellow 74, the specific by-product and water, said method including the step of subjecting the raw material pigment composition to heat treatment at a temperature of from 160 to 210° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a color material dispersion liquid for a color filter, the dispersion liquid having excellent dispersibility and being capable of forming a high-contrast, high-luminance coating film; a color resin composition for a color filter, the composition having excellent dispersibility and being capable of forming a high-contrast, high-luminance coating film; a color material with excellent dispersibility; a high-contrast and high-luminance color filter; a liquid crystal display device including the color filter, and a light-emitting display device including the color filter. The color material dispersion liquid for a color filter, includes: (A) a color material, (B) a dispersant and (C) a solvent, wherein the color material (A) contains a zirconium lake color material of an acid dye.

Abstract: Provided are a pigment dispersion liquid including a pigment, a polymer dispersant, and water; and an inkjet ink containing the pigment dispersion liquid. The pigment contains a compound represented by General Formula (1) described in the specification, a tautomer thereof, or a salt of the compound or the tautomer. The polymer dispersant contains a polymer compound which has a repeating unit represented General Formula (2-1) and a repeating unit represented General Formula (2-2) described in the specification, and having a structure represented by General Formula (3) introduced into at least one terminal of a main chain: in General Formula (3), L represents a linking group; R4 represents a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group; and the symbol * represents a linking bond.

Abstract: The present invention relates to pigments comprising at least one inorganic compound selected from the group of iron oxides, iron oxide hydroxides, zinc ferrites, zinc oxides, magnesium ferrites and manganese ferrites, wherein the at least one inorganic compound is equipped with a coating comprising at least one hydroxide or oxide of magnesium or calcium and at least one fatty acid salt, to processes for production thereof, to the use thereof for coloring polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and to processes for coloring PVC and to PVC colored with such pigments, and also to plastics products comprising such pigments.

Abstract: A technique for bonding an organic group with the surface of fine particles such as nanoparticles through strong linkage is provided, whereas such fine particles are attracting attention as materials essential for development of high-tech products because of various unique excellent characteristics and functions thereof. Organically modified metal oxide fine particles can be obtained by adapting high-temperature, high-pressure water as a reaction field to bond an organic matter with the surface of metal oxide fine particles through strong linkage. The use of the same condition enables not only the formation of metal oxide fine particles but also the organic modification of the formed fine particles. The resulting organically modified metal oxide fine particles exhibit excellent properties, characteristics and functions.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide a hard coat film, including a film base material and a hard coat arranged on at least one surface of the film base material, wherein the hard coat is comprised of an active energy ray-curable resin composition. The active energy ray-curable resin composition includes 100 parts by mass of (P) a urethane (meth)acrylate compound, 0.02 to 5 parts by mass of (Q) organic fine particles having an average particle size of 10 to 300 nm, and 0.0002 to 2 parts by mass of (R) an acrylic silicon leveling agent. The (R) acrylic silicon leveling agent is loaded in the active energy ray-curable resin composition in an amount of 1 part by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the (Q) organic fine particles.