Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a compound of formula MXn from a precursor compound of formula MXm, where M is a metal, X is a halide selected from F, Cl, Br, J, m is a number selected from the range 2 to 8, and n is a number selected from the range 1 to 7, with the condition that n<m, comprising a method step in which the precursor compound is reduced with a silane compound to the compound of formula MXn.

Abstract: A hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide is provided. The hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide has a structural formula of ABOxHy, wherein A is one or more of alkaline earth metal elements and rare-earth metal elements, B is one or more of transition metal elements, x is a numeric value in a range of 1 to 3, and y is a numeric value in a range of 0 to 2.5. The present disclosure further provides a primary battery by using the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide as electrodes and a method for making the hydrogen-containing transition metal oxide.

Abstract: A water bag pressure detection device (100), a water bag inflow control device (1000) and a water bag type water purifier are provided. The water bag pressure detection device (100) includes: a base seat (10) defining an airtight cavity (101) therein, and having an upper end provided with a mounting opening; a pressure sensor module (20) having at least a lower portion disposed in the airtight cavity (101) and connected with a circumferential edge of the mounting opening in a sealing manner, an inductive head (22) of the pressure sensor module being configured to abut against a lower portion of the water bag; and a ventilation member (30) defining a ventilation passage (301) therein and disposed to the base seat, the ventilation passage (301) being provided with a balancing seal member (40) configured to move in the ventilation passage (301) along with variations of pressure in the airtight cavity (101) and outside pressure.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus is described for preventing bacteria proliferation in a bottom end of a water holding tank of an electric water heater. Different water convection devices are described for convecting heated water from inside the tank and into the bottom end of the tank to raise the temperature at the bottom end sufficiently high to prevent bacteria growth and particularly at a temperature of at least 46 degrees C. where the Legionella bacteria can not survive. The temperature at the bottom end of the tank is monitored and the convection devices controlled to maintain the desired hot water temperature. An added benefit of the invention is that it also prevents sediment deposits and water temperature stratification in the tank bottom end section.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the fields of energy technology and seawater desalination, and more specifically, relates to a seawater desalination device of industrial exhaust heat-driven ejector refrigeration and an application method thereof The seawater desalination device comprises a seawater collecting pool, a low-pressure seawater storage tank, an ejector refrigeration system and a fresh water storage tank which are successively connected; the ejector refrigeration system comprising a nozzle for spraying low-pressure vapor, a mixing chamber, a diffuser, a first heat-exchanger, a condenser, a condensate pump and a generator; bottom of the low-pressure seawater storage tank being connected with a second heat-exchanger; the mixing chamber being connected with the nozzle, the diffuser and the low-pressure seawater storage tank, respectively; and the diffuser, the first heat-exchanger, the condenser and the fresh water storage tank being successively connected.

Abstract: Preparing a porous hybrid media includes contacting porous media (e.g., strong base ion-exchange media) with an aqueous solution including aluminum ions to yield a aluminum-ion-containing porous media, contacting the aluminum-ion containing porous media with a reducing agent to impregnate elemental aluminum in the porous media, and oxidizing the elemental aluminum to yield a porous hybrid media including aluminum hydr(oxide) impregnated in the porous media. In some cases, a pH of an aqueous mixture including the aluminum-ion-containing porous media may be adjusted to form a floc including aluminum hydroxide, and the aluminum hydroxide-containing porous media may be contacted with a reducing agent to yield a porous hybrid media including aluminum hydr(oxide) impregnated in the porous media. The porous hybrid media may advantageously be prepared at low temperature (e.g., room temperature).

Abstract: Our mobile rhamnolipid production vehicles can convert pollutants obtained from contaminated sites into rhamnolipid. Then, our mobile rhamnolipid application units can alter, treat and remove pollutants from soil and water. Our new rhamnolipid application can use various sources for power. All these new components combined are cost efficient. Moreover, the mobile rhamnolipid contamination response vehicles are easy to mobilize and can be deployed and up and running with a short amount of time and effort.

Abstract: A desalination brine dispersal apparatus and method employ airlift to remove, oxygenate and disperse brine from a desalination apparatus. The apparatus includes a brine removal conduit having a brine inlet that receives brine from the desalination apparatus, a plurality of brine outlets submerged in seawater and one or more air introduction points located at depths below the brine outlets. The supplied air oxygenates and moves brine through the brine removal conduit and outlets via airlift and disperses the brine into seawater away from the brine removal conduit. The apparatus avoids the formation of concentrated, high shear brine plumes and can disperse brine into seawater over a wide area well away from the brine removal conduit.

Abstract: An electrode for use in bio-electrochemical systems is described, including: a substantially planar electrode material; a frame comprising a non-conductive substance; and one or more first conductive substances linked or secured to the frame. Bio-electrochemical systems, racks for inserting the electrode, and methods of using the racks are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for manufacturing magnetized water including: an outer case; an adapter coupled to one end or both ends of the outer case; a magnet case having a body, accommodation portions facing each other, and end caps disposed on both longitudinal ends of the body; magnet parts each having a plurality of permanent magnets serially continuously arranged and accommodated in each accommodation portion; spacers insertedly disposed between the permanent magnets; and shield steel plates coupled to the magnet case, wherein attractive force generation arrangements and repulsive force generation arrangements of the permanent magnets are arbitrarily changed by means of the magnet case and the end caps separably coupled to each other.

Abstract: Groundwater treatment systems and methods that include a filter or media cartridge that can be interconnected with one or more other media cartridges to form a series of media cartridges. The media cartridge includes media retained therein that treat and/or filters groundwater as it permeates through the media. The media can include reactive media to assist with treating the groundwater. Additionally, the media cartridge includes a baffle positioned within the media and contacting an inner surface of the media cartridge to prevent the formation of channels within the media. An external seal can be positioned about the exterior of the media cartridge to prevent groundwater from bypassing the media cartridge.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to sulfur-containing zerovalent iron nanoparticles and the use of same for transforming chlorinated solvent pollutants and which may therefore be useful as water treatment technology for restoration of groundwater resources contaminated with toxic, chlorinated solvent pollutants.

Abstract: A disclosed piping manifold for providing pulsating flow includes an outer tubular member extending along a longitudinal axis. The outer tubular member includes a plurality of outer radial openings. An inner tubular member is positionable within the outer tubular member and rotatable about the longitudinal axis. The inner tubular member includes a plurality of inner radial openings, an inlet port configured to receive a fluid, and a lumen providing a fluidic pathway between the plurality of inner radial openings and the inlet port. Rotation of the inner tubular member about the longitudinal axis is configured to periodically bring the plurality of inner radial openings in and out of registration with the plurality of outer radial openings to provide a plurality of pulsating flows of the fluid out of the outer radial openings.

Abstract: An organic wastewater treatment device includes a biological treatment tank in which biological treatment units are connected in series along a flow of organic wastewater. Each biological treatment unit has a pair of an anoxic tank disposed on an upstream side, and an aerobic tank disposed on a downstream side in which a membrane separation device is immersed in activated sludge. The activated sludge returns from a most downstream-side aerobic tank to a most upstream-side anoxic tank through a sludge return path. Whether to stop an operating membrane separation device and whether to start a stopped membrane separation device are determined for each biological treatment unit based on at least one of an inflow amount of the organic wastewater, a tank water level, a transmembrane pressure difference of each membrane separation device, a T-N concentration of the treated water, and an NH3-N concentration of the treated water as an index.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions as additives for wastewater treatment. A first composition comprising archaea microorganism granules for bioaugmentation for treatment of COD in wastewater, and a second composition of activated silicate beads that allow removal of phosphate, nitrogen and suspended solids. The mixture of both compositions act synergistically by promoting organic matter degradation and allowing the removal of phosphate without consuming alkalinity of the treated solution.

Abstract: A filter enhancement device applied to a circulating water culture system and the method of making same, the device includes four components: protective shell, protective agents, microbial powder and proliferation promoting agents. The interior of the protective shell contains protective agents, microbial powder and proliferation promoting agents. Microbial powder and proliferation promoting agents are embedded in the modified-release layer.

Abstract: A water filtration system is provided and includes a raw-water inlet, a pure-water outlet, a purified-water outlet, a waste-water outlet and an integrated filter cartridge. The integrated filter cartridge has a first port, a second port, a third port, a fourth port, a fifth port and a sixth port. The first port is connected to the raw-water inlet, and the second port is connected to the purified-water outlet, a connection conduit is connected to the third port, and a free end of the connection conduit is connected between the second port and the purified-water outlet, the fourth port is connected to the pure-water outlet, the fifth port is connected to the waste-water outlet, at least one of a conduit in connection with the pure-water outlet and the sixth port is provided with a water storage device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a wastewater treatment apparatus for shortcut nitrogen removal using anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) and partial nitritation using ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) granules. High-purity AOB granules are formed by means of AOB predominance using a side stream generated during a sludge treatment process. Moreover, the formed AOB granules are supplied to a partial nitritation tank (130) of a main treatment process and thus the partial nitritation is efficiently performed and nitrogen is quickly removed, and thus oxygen and an organic material is reduced compared to an existing method.

Abstract: A tank assembly for the treatment of waste streams that include settling pollutants and floating pollutants. The tank assembly includes an inlet conduit, a first compartment that includes a first drain at a bottom thereof, a second compartment that includes a second drain at a bottom thereof, a third compartment that includes a third drain at a bottom thereof, and an outlet conduit. The second compartment also includes at least a first lamella filter package disposed therein. The third compartment also includes a skimmer, an underrun member and an overrun member. A liquid flow path is defined from the inlet conduit, through the first compartment, through the second compartment and the first lamella filter pack, through the third compartment, past the skimmer, under the underrun, over the overrun and out the outlet conduit.

Abstract: An apparatus for forming glass tubing is described. The apparatus for forming glass tubing comprises an endless former with an outer surface and an inner passage defining an inner surface. The apparatus for forming glass tubing further comprises two chambers from which molten glass may flow. One chamber flows molten glass to the outer surface of the endless former and another chamber flows molten glass to the inner surface of the endless former. The two flows of molten glass meet at the bottom of the former to form glass tubing.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cover glass is provided. The method comprises providing a glass base; forming a glass support portion by printing glass onto the glass base; and applying glass wool onto the glass support portion.

Abstract: A method for air quenching a glass hollow body elongated along a main axis, including a wall having an external surface, and an internal surface formed by a bore extending in height along the main axis, is provided. The method includes simultaneously blasting air jets towards the surfaces of the glass hollow body using air blast nozzles directed towards the surfaces. External nozzles distribute air jets over the external surface of the glass hollow body and a nozzle above the bore of the glass hollow body and aligned along the main axis distributes an internal air jet over the internal surface of the glass hollow body. In a transverse plane to the main axis the internal air jet is in the form of a crown having a recess at the center.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for drying and consolidating an optical fibre preform in a furnace tube comprising a heating chamber, wherein an extension tube having an extension chamber configured to house at least a length portion of the preform is removably joined to the furnace tube and the drying process starts with the preform not completely inserted into the furnace tube, an upper length portion of the preform being surrounded by the extension tube joint to the furnace tube.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions, articles, devices, and methods for the manufacture of light guide plates and back light units including such light guide plates made from glass. In some embodiments, light guide plates (LGPs) are provided that have similar or superior optical properties to light guide plates made from PMMA and that have exceptional mechanical properties such as rigidity, CTE and dimensional stability in high moisture conditions as compared to PMMA light guide plates.

Abstract: To provide a glass plate for a window material and a window comprising the glass plate, which are less likely to be a barrier to radio transmitting/receiving in use of a radio-utilizing apparatus, and a radio communication apparatus comprising the glass plate. A glass plate having a radio transmittance of at least 20% at a frequency of 100 GHz as calculated as 18 mm thickness, a window comprising the glass plate, and a radio communication apparatus comprising the glass plate.

Abstract: A coated glazing comprising at least the following layers in sequence: a transparent glass substrate, a layer based on an oxide of a metal and/or a layer based on an oxide of a metalloid, and a further layer, wherein either said layer based on an oxide of a metal or said layer based on an oxide of a metalloid is adjacent said transparent glass substrate, wherein said layer that is adjacent said transparent glass substrate comprises a surface that, prior to a coating of said surface, has an arithmetical mean height of the surface value, Sa, of at least 4.0 nm when tested in accordance with ISO 25178-2:2012, and wherein the coated glazing exhibits an average haze value of at least 0.47% when tested in accordance with ASTM D1003-13.

Abstract: A multi-layer and method of making the same are provided. The multi-layer, such as a sensor, can include a high strength glass overlay and a lamination layer on a substrate layer. The overlay can be less than 250 micrometers thick and have at least one tempered surface incorporating a surface compression layer of at least 5 micrometers deep and a surface compressive stress of at least 200 MPa. The overlay can exhibit a puncture factor of at least 3000 N/?m2 at B10 (10thpercentile of the probability distribution of failure) in a multi-layer structure, an apparent thickness of less than 0.014 mm, and a pencil hardness greater than 6H. The method can include ion-exchange tempering at least one major surface of a glass sheet, light etching the major surface to remove flaws and laminating the glass sheet on the tempered and lightly etched major surface to a substrate layer.

Abstract: A method for generating various stress profiles for chemically strengthened glass. An alkali aluminosilicate glass is brought into contact with an ion exchange media such as, for example, a molten salt bath containing an alkali metal cation that is larger than an alkali metal cation in the glass. The ion exchange is carried out at temperatures greater than about 420° C. and at least about 30° C. below the anneal point of the glass.

Abstract: In a method for manufacturing a light control panel, a large number of strip-shaped reflective surfaces are formed with a constant pitch in a direction that is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the light control panel. The method includes a stacking step of directly stacking a large number of elongated flat plate-shaped glass pieces one on top of another without interposing an adhesive between the glass pieces, thereby producing a glass stack, which has a flat plate-like shape and in which the large number of glass pieces are lined up in a direction that is perpendicular to a thickness direction of the glass stack; and an integrating step of integrating the large number of Mass pieces of the glass stack. Pieces of transparent glass with no reflective films for forming the strip-shaped reflective surfaces being stacked thereon are used as the glass pieces.

Abstract: There is provided a method for reforming unburned carbon-containing coal ash of the present invention, including: a receiving process of measuring L value and b value of unburned carbon-containing coal ash in a Lab color order system and sorting unburned carbon-containing coal ash of which the L value is 54 or more and the b value is 2 or more and 10 or less; and a classifying process of classifying the unburned carbon-containing coal ash sorted in the receiving process under a condition that a residue on a 45 ?m sieve of reformed coal ash which has been reformed by classification is 8% by mass or less.

Abstract: Provided are objects constructed of compressed salt combinations including salt and at least one additive, wherein the at least one additive is selected to impart the object with resistance to water and humidity.

Abstract: Compositions comprising crosslinked polysaccharides, particularly levan and/or dextran, may provide advantageous benefits when admixed with concrete blends. Suitable compositions may comprise a biologically sourced surfactant, and a crosslinked polysaccharide, in which the crosslinked polysaccharide comprises at least one crosslinking group bonded via ether linkages to a first polysaccharide chain and a second polysaccharide chain. Concrete blends may comprise such compositions, a cement and water. Methods for forming and/or using the concrete blends may comprise allowing the concrete blends to form a hardened mass.

Abstract: The present invention relates hydrophobized fiber cement products and methods for the production thereof as well as uses of such products, in particular in the building industry. In particular, the present invention provides hydrophobized fiber cement product, comprising a fiber cementitious matrix and a hydrophobizing agent uniformly dispersed therein, wherein said hydrophobizing agent comprises at least one hydrophobic silicone resin having a three-dimensional molecular network structure.

Abstract: A geopolymer thermal energy storage (TES) concrete product comprising at least one binder; at least one alkali activator; at least one fine aggregate with high thermal conductivity and heat capacity; and at least one coarse aggregate with high thermal conductivity and heat capacity.

Abstract: A construction material mixture contains a dry mass of 10 to 98 wt. % carbon and 2 to 70 wt. % binding agent. The construction material mixture further comprises 1 to 80 wt. % loose particles, wherein the surface of the loose particles is at least partially coated with an electrically conductive material.

Abstract: A solid composite material combining: an inorganic pigment in the form of discrete particles each comprising a colored core and a coating adapted to allow light to pass through and a matrix based on metalloid or metal oxide, said matrix being adapted to allow light to pass through.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a granular thermal insulation material comprising hydrophobized silicon dioxide and at least one IR opacifier, having a tamped density of up to 250 g/l and a compressive strength according to DIN EN 826:2013 at 50% compression of 150 to 300 kPa or greater than 300 kPa, to processes for production thereof and to the use thereof for thermal insulation.

Abstract: A ceramic composition in one embodiment contains, relative to 100 parts by mass of diopside crystal powder, 0.3 to 1.5 parts by mass of a Li component in terms of an oxide thereof and 0.1 to 1 part by mass of a B component in terms of an oxide thereof. In this embodiment, the content of the Li component in terms of an oxide thereof is larger than the content of the B component in terms of an oxide thereof. In this embodiment, a total content of the Li component and the B component is 2.

Abstract: A method for producing a silicon-carbide-based composite. In the production of a silicon-carbide-based composite comprising a carbon-fiber-reinforced/silicon carbide composite (a C/SiC composite) or a silicon-carbide-fiber-reinforced/silicon carbide composite (a SiC/SiC composite), a film boiling method is carried out, using an organosilicon polymer having a chlorine-free polysilane skeleton and/or a chlorine-free polycarbosilane skeleton. The organosilicon polymer is in a liquid form at room temperature. The molar ratio of Si and C in the matrix of the C/SiC composite or the SiC/SiC composite is Si:C=1:1.08 to 1:1.43.

Abstract: A thermal conductive member includes: first and second surface layers including an insulating material A, and an intermediate layer including an insulating material B. The insulating material A includes a first boron nitride sintered body having an orientation degree of hexagonal boron nitride primary particles of 0.6 to 1.4, and a first heat curable resin composition impregnating in the first boron nitride sintered body. The insulating material B includes a second boron nitride sintered body having an orientation degree of hexagonal boron nitride primary particles of 0.01 to 0.05, and a second heat curable resin composition impregnating in the second boron nitride sintered body.

Abstract: A method of forming a supporting substrate for a cutting element comprises forming a precursor composition comprising discrete WC particles, a binding agent, and discrete particles comprising Co, Al, and one or more of C and W. The precursor composition is subjected to a consolidation process to form a consolidated structure including WC particles dispersed in a homogenized binder comprising Co, Al, W, and C. A method of forming a cutting element, a cutting element, a related structure, and an earth-boring tool are also described.

Abstract: A method for the joining of ceramic pieces with a hermetically sealed joint comprising brazing a layer of joining material between the two pieces. The wetting and flow of the joining material is controlled by the selection of the joining material, the joining temperature, the joining atmosphere, and other factors. The ceramic pieces may be on a non-diffusable type, such as aluminum nitride, alumina, beryllium oxide, and zirconia, and the pieces may be brazed with an aluminum alloy under controlled atmosphere. The joint material is adapted to later withstand both the environments within a process chamber during substrate processing, and the oxygenated atmosphere which may be seen within the shaft of a heater or electrostatic chuck.

Abstract: A corrosion-resistant member according to the present disclosure includes a substrate that is composed of an aluminum-oxide-based ceramic and a covering layer that is composed of an O—Al—C layer that is located on the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a porous ceramic body, the method comprises the following steps: (i) selecting a ceramic powder; (ii) selecting a binder comprising a pre-ceramic polymer; (iii) mixing the ceramic powder from step (i) with the binder from step (ii) providing a ceramic composition; (iv) coating a porous support with the ceramic composition providing a ceramic coated porous support; (v) heating the ceramic coated porous support to a temperature between 500° C.-1500° C. producing the porous ceramic body.

Abstract: A controlled release granular fertiliser composition comprising a mixture of nitrogenous fertiliser, particulate silicate mineral filler and biodegradable ionic polyurethane.

Abstract: An agricultural spray may be produced by admixing citric acid and glutamic acid with a metal salt and a pesticide or other agricultural chemical containing components capable of precipitating with the metal salt in the admixture. The citric acid and the glutamic acid chelate with the metal salt to provide a stability and compatibility-enhancing composition, thereby preventing the metal salt from forming an insoluble solid within the admixture. Such a composition may be produced by admixing citric acid and glutamic acid at a molar ratio of about 6.8:0.5 to about 1:0.29. The composition may include a metal sat, citric acid and glutamic acid in a molar ratio of about 1:6.8:0.5 to about 1:1:0.29 and a pesticide.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for controlling enzyme-induced urea decomposition attendant to the application of solid or liquid urea-containing fertilizers to soils. More particularly, the subject matter disclosed herein is concerned with selected triarylmethane compounds as urease inhibitors and their use, either alone or in combination with tetrapolymer synergists. Further, the disclosed compositions have good storage stability, long-lived activity in soil, and avoid the toxicity issues common with present-day urease inhibitors used in agriculture.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing (functionalized) biaryls by employing a visible-light-driven, gold-catalyzed C—C cross-coupling reaction system involving boron- and silicon-containing aryl compounds and aryldiazonium compounds. Moreover, the present invention relates to the use of such boron- and silicon-containing aryl compounds and aryldiazonium compounds, as well as related gold catalysts, in the manufacture of (functionalized) biaryls.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for oligomerization of n-butenes using a nickel-containing aluminosilicate catalyst to produce a product mixture whose ratio of 4,4-dimethylhexene to 3,4-dimethylhexene is determined and monitored. The invention further relates to a process for determining the ratio of the amount of the formed 4,4-dimethylhexene or of the formed 3-ethyl-2-methylpentene to the amount of the formed 3,4-dimethylhexene.

Abstract: Improved alkylation catalysts, alkylation methods, and methods of making alkylation catalysts are described. The alkylation method comprises reaction over a solid acid, zeolite-based catalyst and can be conducted for relatively long periods at steady state conditions. The alkylation catalyst comprises a crystalline zeolite structure, a Si/Al molar ratio of 20 or less, less than 0.5 weight percent alkali metals, and further having a characteristic catalyst life property. Some catalysts may contain rare earth elements in the range of 10 to 35 wt %. One method of making a catalyst includes a calcination step following exchange of the rare earth element(s) conducted at a temperature of at least 575° C. to stabilize the resulting structure followed by an deammoniation treatment. An improved method of deammoniation uses low temperature oxidation.