Abstract: Embodiments may include a method of determining a nucleic acid sequence. The nucleic acid may be DNA. The method may include forming, by a polymerase, a double-stranded nucleic acid molecule from a first nucleic acid strand and a second nucleic acid strand. Forming the double-stranded nucleic acid molecule may include adding a first compound to the second nucleic acid strand. The first compound may include a nucleotide attached to a third nucleic acid strand. The third nucleic acid strand may be attached to a moiety. The method may also include detaching the nucleotide from the third nucleic acid strand and the moiety. The method may further include measuring a change in an electrical characteristic of a transistor resulting from the moiety. Additionally, the method may include identifying the nucleotide based on the measured change in the electrical characteristic.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods of sequencing a region of a nucleic acid and identifying mutations within the region. The disclosed methods may comprise constructing a nucleic acid fragments library of the region of the nucleic acid by using a deoxyribonuclease (DNase) to fragment amplification products of the region generated by long range polymerase chain reaction (LR-PCR) amplification. The sequencing method may also comprise a duplication analysis using an artificial sequence. The disclosed method may detect mutations within the region when the region comprises repetitive sequences.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and compositions, including, without limitation, algorithms, computer readable media, computer programs, apparatus, and systems for determining the identity of nucleic acids in nucleotide sequences using, for example, data obtained from sequencing by synthesis methods. The methods of the invention include correcting one or more phenomena that are encountered during nucleotide sequencing, such as using sequencing by synthesis methods. These phenomena include, without limitation, sequence lead, sequence lag, spectral crosstalk, and noise resulting from variations in illumination and/or filter responses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to improving the processing rate of a sequencing reaction, for example in a nanopore sequencing reaction, by means of using improved nucleoside-tags. The tags are linked to the nucleoside phosphate via a Pictet Spengler reaction. Exemplary sequencing reactions that are improved by the present methods include nanopore-based nucleic acid sequencing-by-synthesis reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel spike-in oligonucleotides specifically for use in normalization of small RNA sequence data. The invention specifically provides sets each comprising at least two subsets of single stranded nucleic acid molecules, each nucleic acid molecule comprising a 5? phosphate, a sequence of at least 3 randomized nucleotides, a core sequence of at least 8 core nucleotides containing at least one mismatch compared to a target sequence, a sequence of at least 3 randomized nucleotides, and a 3? modification, wherein each subset comprises a plurality of nucleic acid molecules having an identical core nucleotide sequence and different randomized nucleotides, and wherein the nucleic acid molecules of each subset differ in at least one nucleotide of the core nucleotide sequence and the generation of a library containing the sets. The invention also relates to reference values in nucleotide sequencing and a method for determining the amount of target sequences in a sample.

Abstract: The present invention describes systems and methods for embedding authentication data into a quality control tamper evidence adhesive sealant material used to mark a system of parts and assemblies, creating a unified and traceable layer of security data to identify unauthorized modifications to manufactured systems.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of assessing pregnancy outcome. The inventors investigated endometrial miRNAs associated with pregnancy outcome by studying miRNAs associated with endometrial receptivity, implantation failure and embryo miscarriage. They performed a miRNomic study to find miRNAs that are differentially expressed according to the endometrial receptivity status, compared the endometrial miRNome between receptive patients with negative beta-hCG and receptive patients with positive beta-hCG, and compared the endometrial miRNome between receptive patients with a miscarriage between 8-12 weeks of amenorrhoea and receptive patients with a live birth. They demonstrated miRNA differential expression in endometrial samples according to the pregnancy outcome.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods and kits for determining the presence of a mutated SLC30A2 polynucleotide. The invention is further directed to methods of determining a subject's genetic-susceptibility to zinc deficiency and evaluating zinc levels in a composition comprising breast milk.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for detecting corneal dystrophy in a subject, comprising a reaction mixture, the reaction mixture comprising one or more labeled probes comprising a mutant TGFBI nucleotide sequence; the reaction mixture further comprises at least one amplification primer pair for amplifying a TGFBI gene sequence from a biological sample from the subject; and detecting one, two, three, four, five or six mutations selected from the group consisting of G623D, M502V, R124S, A546D, H572R, and H626R mutations in TGFBI gene, wherein the detecting comprises detecting the one or more mutations using the labeled detection probes. Further provided is a reaction kit comprising the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for treating non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by administering a) a composition comprising nanoparticles that comprise paclitaxel and an albumin and b) a platinum-based agent (e.g., carboplatin). The present application also provides methods of treating prostate cancer by administering to the individual a) an effective amount of a composition comprising nanoparticles comprising docetaxel and an albumin; and b) an effective amount of a steroid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for diagnosing myeloid malignancy comprising determining the presence of a mutant allele of the calreticulin gene. Also genomic sequences, cDNA sequences, mRNA sequences and protein sequences of the mutant calreticulin are subject of the present invention. Further, the invention relates to medical uses of inhibitors of mutant calreticulin.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to uses of a multiple gene-expression based Genomic Prostate Score™ (GPS™) algorithm for assessment of various clinical endpoints in prostate cancer patients, such as risks of clinical recurrence (CR), biochemical recurrence (BCR), distant metastasis (Mets), and prostate cancer death (PCD). In some embodiments, GPS result is determined for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer patients in order to assist in determining treatment strategies for those patients.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of detecting or making a risk evaluation of a cancer that has a mutated PREX2 expressed thereon. The cancer may be a primary cancer, a metastatic cancer or a recurrent cancer. According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, the mutation is G258V, S1113R, E1346D or K400fs. Also disclosed herein are methods of treating the subject in need thereof.

Abstract: Correlations between polymorphisms and breast cancer are provided. Methods of diagnosing, prognosing, and treating breast cancer are provided. Systems and kits for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of breast cancer are provided. Methods of identifying breast cancer modulators are also described.

Abstract: Herein are described methods of treating a human subject having acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that is refractory to induction therapy, wherein an MDM2 inhibitor is administered before or concurrently with chemotherapy, which may comprise induction therapy. Refractory AML may be predicted based on decreased expression of MTF2 in cells from a hematological sample obtained from the subject. Also provided are methods of predicting and treating AML responsive to MDM2/HDM2 inhibitors, based on MTF2 expression. One set of additional biomarkers useful in the predictions comprise one or more of H3K27me3, CD84, CD92, MDM2, NPM1, PRICKLE1, SET, ABCB6, POLQ, POLK, POLH, ARTIMIS, MCM6, CD327, CD90 and PARP1. Another set of additional biomarkers useful in the predictions include at least one of H3K27me3, MDM2, NPM1, SET, CD84 and PRICKLE1. Methods of selecting a patient for treatment with an MDM2 inhibitor before or concurrently with chemotherapy are also provided, along with kits and uses.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for assessing prostate cancer (e.g., identification of the aggressiveness or indolence of prostate cancer) in a subject. The compositions and methods include obtaining subject specific information (e.g., age, digital rectal exam (DRE) data, prostate volume, total prostate-specific antigen (PSA)) and obtaining a biological sample from a subject and determining a measurement for a panel of biomarkers in the biological sample. Compositions and methods of the invention find use in both clinical and research settings, for example, within the fields of biology, immunology, medicine, and oncology.

Abstract: Provided herein are compositions and methods for diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer. Methods and kits for detection of colorectal cancer biomarker genes in a stool sample are provided.

Abstract: A method for determining a folate substance administration regime is disclosed. The method comprises: quantifying, in a sample drawn from a patient, the expression level of at least one of the genes SLC46A1, SLC19A1, FPGS, ABCC3, MTHFD1L, GGH, MTHFD1, MTFMT, and ATIC; and establishing whether the expression level is high or low. A high expression level of at least one of said genes determines that said folate substance administration regime involves the administration of [6R]-methylenetetrahydrofolate and/or a folate substance upstreams of [6R]-methylenetetrahydrofolate in the metabolic pathway. A low expression level of at least one of said genes determines that said folate substance administration regime involves the administration of [6R]-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Also disclosed is a kit for determining such a folate substance administration regime.

Abstract: Methods for classifying and for evaluating the prognosis of a subject having breast cancer are provided. The methods include prediction of breast cancer subtype using a supervised algorithm trained to stratify subjects on the basis of breast cancer intrinsic subtype. The prediction model is based on the gene expression profile of the intrinsic genes listed in Table 1. This prediction model can be used to accurately predict the intrinsic subtype of a subject diagnosed with or suspected of having breast cancer. Further provided are compositions and methods for predicting outcome or response to therapy of a subject diagnosed with or suspected of having breast cancer. These methods are useful for guiding or determining treatment options for a subject afflicted with breast cancer.

Abstract: A method for identifying a predefined target organism includes extracting a nucleic acid from a sample to form an extracted nucleic acid, amplifying the extracted nucleic acid to form a nucleic acid amplicon, tagging the nucleic acid amplicon with a capture probe and a detector partner to form a detector partner-nucleic acid amplicon-capture probe complex, and performing a detection assay on the detector partner-nucleic acid amplicon-capture probe complex to identify whether the predefined target organism is present in the sample.

Abstract: The present disclosure is in the field of plant breeding. The disclosure provides methods for breeding corn plants having a brachytic trait using marker-assisted selection. The disclosure further provides brachytic germplasm, markers associated with a brachytic trait for introgressing the trait into elite germplasm in a breeding program. This disclosure also provides brachytic or dwarf elite corn varieties having yield equal to or higher than conventional non-brachytic corn varieties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of determining regulatory activity of nucleotides in a genome, which includes: (1) designating a reference region of the genome; (2) designating a plurality of reporter tiles covering the reference region, where each reporter tile has a length L, the reporter tiles are offset from one another within the reference region with a step sizes, and a ratio of s to L is 1:5 or less; and (3) generating a plurality of reporter constructs corresponding to the reporter tiles.

Abstract: Disclosed are nucleic acid oligomers, including amplification oligomers, capture probes, and detection probes, for detection of Zika virus nucleic acid. Also disclosed are methods of specific nucleic acid amplification and detection using the disclosed oligomers, as well as corresponding reaction mixtures and kits.

Abstract: A spore-forming Bacillus species, and more particularly, a Bacillus subtilis strain identified as MB40 is provided. Compositions comprising the MB40 strain, methods of making products comprising the same, and methods of using the same are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for extraction of saccharides from a lignocellulose containing material and comprises the steps of mixing the lignocellulose containing material with an acidic water solution to create a slurry having a pH value in the interval of 0-4; controlling the water content of the slurry to obtain a specific dry solid content of more than 30%; and introducing the slurry into an apparatus and performing an acid hydrolysis of the slurry in the apparatus, wherein at least parts of the apparatus that come into contact with the slurry are made of a material that comprises iron in an amount of at least 50% by weight and nickel in an amount of at least 1.5% by weight. The invention relates also to an apparatus for performing said method.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a part is provided. The method includes heating a gear in the presence of carbon to carburize a material of the gear to create a carburized gear, the gear having a plurality of gear teeth and which comprises a selected material. Next, the carburized gear is high pressure gas quenched to drive the carbon into the material of the gear to create a quenched gear. Next, the quenched gear is at least one of cavitation peened and laser peened to create a peened gear. Finally, superfinishing is performed on surfaces of the peened gear.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus and a tempering station for the partial heat treatment of a metal component, and the use of at least one tangential nozzle in a tempering station for the partial heat treatment of a metal component. The tempering station comprises a processing plane disposed in the tempering station, the component being able to be disposed in said plane, and at least one nozzle which points to the processing plane and is provided and adapted for discharging a fluid stream for cooling at least a first sub-area of the component, wherein the at least one nozzle is a tangential nozzle. The tempering station and the apparatus make it possible in particular to adjust, as reliably and/or precisely as possible, a transition region between the different heat-treated sub-areas of the component, in particular to keep said region as small as possible.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an assembly component of an alloy based on iron, nickel and/or cobalt containing at least 10% (w/w) chromium, the assembly component having an annular shape with an inner surface and an outer surface and a thickness between the inner surface and the outer surface in the range of 0.1 mm to 5 mm, the alloy having a content of nitrogen in solid solution providing a microhardness in the range of 250 HV0.05 to 370 HV0.05 at a depth from the surface in the range of 0 ?m to 100 ?m. The invention also relates to an assembly with the assembly component.

Abstract: The present invention includes: a conveying mechanism (110) that conveys a workpiece (200) in the longitudinal direction; a supporting mechanism (120) that is arranged on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the workpiece (200) from the conveying mechanism (110); and a heating mechanism (130) that is arranged on the downstream side in the conveyance direction of the workpiece (200) from the supporting mechanism (120) and heats the workpiece (200), in which the supporting mechanism (120) is formed to include support rolls (121) that abut on an outer surface of the workpiece (200) and each include a hollow structure (122) allowing a cooling medium to pass therethrough therein.

Abstract: An aspect of the present invention relates to a high-strength and high-manganese steel having excellent low-temperature toughness, the high-strength and high-manganese steel comprising, in terms of wt %, 4.3-5.7% of manganese (Mn), 0.015-0.055% of carbon (C), 0.015-0.05% silicon (Si), 0.6-1.7% of aluminum (Al), 0.01-0.1% of niobium (Nb), 0.015-0.055% of titanium (Ti), 0.001-0.005% of boron (B), 0.03% or less of phosphor (P), 0.02% or less of sulfur (S), and the balance iron (Fe) and other inevitable impurities, wherein the microstructure thereof comprises, in terms of percent by volume, 40-60% of martensite and 40-60% of tempered martensite.

Abstract: In a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet which is manufactured from a thin slab without using an inhibitor forming component, excellent magnetic properties are stably achieved. In a method for manufacturing a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, a slab heating and annealing are performed under specific conditions.

Abstract: There is provided a high-strength steel sheet and a method for producing the same. The high-strength steel sheet has a specified chemical composition and a steel microstructure including, by area fraction, 75.0% or more tempered martensite, 1.0% or more and 20.0% or less fresh martensite, and 5.0% or more and 20.0% or less retained austenite. A hardness ratio of the fresh martensite to the tempered martensite is 1.5 or more and 3.0 or less, the ratio of the maximum KAM value in the tempered martensite in the vicinity of the heterophase interface between the tempered martensite and the fresh martensite to the average KAM value in the tempered martensite is 1.5 or more and 30.0 or less, and the average of ratios of grain sizes of prior austenite grains in the rolling direction to those in the thickness direction is 2.0 or less.

Abstract: A high strength cold rolled steel sheet has a composition which contains, in terms of mass %, more than 0.15% and not more than 0.45% of C, 0.50-2.50% of Si, 1.50-3.00% of Mn, not more than 0.050% of P, not more than 0.0100% of S, 0.010-0.100% of Al and not more than 0.0100% of N, with the remainder including Fe and unavoidable impurities, has a total content of ferrite and bainitic ferrite of 20-80%, has a retained austenite content of more than 10% and not more than 40%, has a martensite content of more than 0% and not more than 50%, and is such that the proportion of retained austenite that has an aspect ratio of not more than 0.5 is not less than 75%, and the proportion of retained austenite having an aspect ratio of not more than 0.5 that is present at Bain group boundaries is not less than 50%.

Abstract: The present invention provides steel sheet products having controlled compositions that are subjected to two-step annealing processes to produce sheet products having desirable microstructures and favorable mechanical properties such as high strength and ultra-high formability. The steel sheet products may be cold rolled or hot rolled. Steels processed in accordance with the present invention exhibit favorable combined ultimate tensile strength and total elongation (UTS•TE) properties, and may fall into the category of Generation 3 advanced high strength steels, desirable in various industries including automobile manufacturers.

Abstract: A non-oriented electrical steel sheet includes, as a chemical composition, by mass %: C: 0.0015% to 0.0040%; Si: 3.5% to 4.5%; Al: 0.65% or less; Mn: 0.2% to 2.0%; Sn: 0% to 0.20%; Sb: 0% to 0.20%; P: 0.005% to 0.150%; S: 0.0001% to 0.0030%; Ti: 0.0030% or less; Nb: 0.0050% or less; Zr: 0.0030% or less; Mo: 0.030% or less; V: 0.0030% or less; N: 0.0010% to 0.0030%; O: 0.0010% to 0.0500%; Cu: less than 0.10%; Ni: less than 0.50%; and a remainder including Fe and impurities, in which a product sheet thickness is 0.10 mm to 0.30 mm, an average grain size is 10 ?m to 40 ?m, an iron loss W10/800 is 50 W/Kg or less, a tensile strength is 580 MPa to 700 MPa, and a yield ratio is 0.82 or more.

Abstract: A steel strip, sheet or blank used for painted parts, wherein the steel strip, sheet or blank is optionally metallic coated. According to the invention, the steel has grains with an essentially equi-axed median grain size smaller than 11.0 micrometer, resulting in a difference in Waviness ?Wsa?0.12 ?m between the surface before and after the forming of the strip, sheet or blank. The invention also relates to a method for producing such a steel strip.

Abstract: A sealing device is installed in heating treatment equipment through which a steel strip passes, the device including a rotary damper which is placed above the steel strip so as to be in contact with the steel strip, and a roll which is placed below the steel strip so that the roll opposes the rotary damper to form a pair consisting of the rotary damper and the roll opposing each other, the steel strip passing through a gap, which is formed between the rotary damper and the roll opposing each other, in which two pairs each of which is the pair consisting of the rotary damper and the roll opposing each other are arranged in tandem in a moving direction of the steel strip in the heating treatment equipment, and an inert gas is fed into a space defined by the two pairs arranged in tandem.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a thermally treated steel sheet is described. The method includes: A. a preparation step including: 1) a selection substep, wherein the chemical composition and mtarget are compared to a list of predefined products, which microstructure includes predefined phases and predefined proportion of phases, and selecting a product having a microstructure mstandard closest to mtarget and a predefined thermal path TPstandard to obtain mstandard, 2) a calculation substep, wherein at least two thermal path TPx, each TPx corresponding to a microstructure mx obtained at the end of TPx, are calculated based on the selected product of step A.1) and TPstandard and the initial microstructure mi of the steel sheet to reach mtarget, 3) an selection substep, wherein one thermal path TPtarget to reach mtarget is selected, TPtarget chosen from TPx and selected such that mx is the closest to mtarget, B. a thermal treatment step, wherein TPtarget is performed on the steel sheet.

Abstract: Uneven sintering is prevented in a sintering machine, and thus sintered ore having high strength and a high lump yield rate is manufactured. A method for manufacturing sintered ore comprising: charging sintering raw material comprising fine ore and carbon material on a circulatively moving pallet to form a raw material layer; igniting the carbon material on a surface of the raw material layer and sucking air from above the raw material layer down to below the palette so that the air is introduced into the raw material layer; and combusting the carbon material in the raw material layer to thereby manufacture sintered ore, wherein fuel gas is discharged from a nozzle at a flow speed of 40 Nm/s or more, the discharged fuel gas is combusted to generate combustion gas, and the combustion gas is used for the igniting the carbon material.

Abstract: A copper/molybdenum separation system uses sea water in the roughing circuit and desalinated water in cleaning circuit. In both roughing circuit and cleaning circuit, hydrophobic engineered media are used to recover the mineral particles of interest. The cleaning circuit includes a molybdenum loading stage configured to contact the conditioned pulp with the engineered media in an agitated reaction chamber, and load the hydrophobic molybdenite on the engineered media.

Abstract: A rod made of recycled aluminum that can be used to deoxidize steel during the refining process is the subject of this application. The method of producing such recycled aluminum rod is also explained.

Abstract: A calcium-free lead alloy comprises lead and 0.003 wt %-0.025 wt % of at least two rare-earth metals. The rare-earth metals are at least a lanthanide and yttrium. Uses of the lead alloy include an electrode with an electrode structure, which is at least partly formed of the lead alloy and a lead-acid accumulator with the electrode.

Abstract: Provided is a nickel material having excellent corrosion resistance and high strength, and a method for manufacturing the nickel material. A nickel material has a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.001 to 0.20%, Si: 0.15% or less, Mn: 0.50% or less, P: 0.030% or less, S: 0.010% or less, Cu: 0.10% or less, Mg: 0.15% or less, Ti: 0.005 to 1.0%, Nb: 0.040 to 1.0%, Fe: 0.40% or less, sol. Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, an N: 0.0010 to 0.080%, with the balance being Ni and impurities, and satisfying Formula (1) and Formula (2). 0.030?( 45/48)Ti+( 5/93)Nb?( 1/14)N<0.25??(1) 0.030<( 3/48)Ti+( 88/93)Nb?( 1/12)C??(2) A content (mass %) of a corresponding element is substituted for each element symbol in Formula (1) and Formula (2).

Abstract: The aluminum alloy material of the present disclosure has a specific alloy composition and has a fibriform metallographic structure where crystal grains extend so as to be aligned in one direction, wherein an average value of a size perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the crystal grains is 400 nm or less in a cross section parallel to the one direction. The aluminum alloy material of the present disclosure has a main surface having a crystal orientation distribution which satisfies a peak intensity ratio R (I200/I220) of a peak intensity I200 of a diffraction peak due to a {100} plane to a peak intensity I220 of a diffraction peak due to a {110} plane, of 0.20 or more, determined by an X-ray diffraction method.

Abstract: According to aspects of the present disclosure, a method includes obtaining a first amount of magnesium, a second amount of manganese, and a third amount of a cathodic poison and combining the magnesium, the manganese, and the cathodic poison to thereby form a kinetically hindered magnesium alloy includes less than 1 part by weight of manganese and less than about 5 parts by weight of cathodic poison based on 100 parts of the kinetically hindered magnesium alloy. The cathodic poison is configured to inhibit a cathodic reaction when combined with the magnesium.

Abstract: A cutting tool which may be used in machining various material may include a body and one or more cutting elements associated therewith. In one example, the cutting element(s) may comprise a superhard table, such as a polycrystalline diamond table. In some embodiments, the polycrystalline diamond table may have a diamond density of approximately 95 percent volume or greater. In some embodiments, the thickness of the superhard table may be approximately 0.15 inch. In some embodiments, the superhard table may include a chip breaking feature or structure. Methods of shaping, finishing or otherwise machining materials are also provided, including the machining of materials comprising titanium.

Abstract: A steel sheet includes a predetermined chemical composition and a metal structure represented by, in area fraction, ferrite: 50% to 95%, granular bainite: 5% to 48%, martensite: 2% to 30%, and upper bainite, lower bainite, tempered martensite, retained austenite, and pearlite: 5% or less in total.

Abstract: The steel material according to the present invention contains a chemical composition consisting of, in mass %, C: 0.25 to 0.50%, Si: 0.05 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.05 to 1.00%, P: 0.025% or less, S: 0.0100% or less, Al: 0.005 to 0.100%, Cr: 0.30 to 1.50%, Mo: 0.25 to 1.50%, Ti: 0.002 to 0.050%, B: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, N: 0.002 to 0.010% and O: 0.0100% or less, with the balance being Fe and impurities. The steel material also contains an amount of dissolved C within a range of 0.010 to 0.050 mass %. The steel material also contains an yield strength is in a range of 862 to less than 965 MPa, and an yield ratio is 90% or more.

Abstract: This high-strength free-cutting copper alloy comprises 75.4-78.0% Cu, 3.05-3.55% Si, 0.05-0.13% P and 0.005-0.070% Pb, with the remainder comprising Zn and inevitable impurities, wherein the amount of Sn existing as inevitable impurities is at most 0.05%, the amount of Al is at most 0.05%, and the total amount of Sn and Al is at most 0.06%. The composition satisfies the following relations: 78.0?f1=Cu+0.8×Si+P+Pb?80.8; and 60.2?f2=Cu?4.7×Si?P+0.5×Pb?61.5. The area percentage (%) of respective constituent phases satisfies the following relations: 29???60; 0???0.3; ?=0; 0???1.0; 98.6?f3=?+?; 99.7?f4=?+?+?+?; 0?f5=?+??1.2; and 30?f6=?+6×?1/2+0.5×??62. The long side of the ? phase is at most 25 ?m, the long side of the ? phase is at most 20 ?m, and the ? phase is present within the ? phase.

Abstract: A coated metal sheet is provided. The coated metal sheet includes a steel substrate, a metal coating on at least one face of the steel substrate, the metal coating comprising at least 40% by weight of zinc; and a layer coating an outer surface of the metal coating, the layer including an amino acid in a neutral or salt form, the amino acid being selected from among alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamine, lysine, methionine, proline, serine, threonine, or of a mixture thereof, the amount of said amino acid or of said mixture being from 0.1 to 200 mg/m2, and optionally a base or a mixture of bases, or an acid or a mixture of acids.