Abstract: A vehicle control device includes a travel environment recognition device configured to recognize travel environment, a vehicle travel state detection device, and an autonomous/manual driving mode controller. The autonomous/manual driving mode controller includes a learning correction unit configured to store at least one of a plurality of control parameters indicating the vehicle travel state by operation of the driver in the autonomous driving mode, and to correct the control parameter in the autonomous driving mode according to the stored control parameter. When the stored control parameter is the control parameter changed by an operation by the driver midway in passing or after passing, the learning correction unit is configured to correct the control parameter in the autonomous driving mode so that an acceleration level or the deceleration level is increased midway in passing or after passing.

Abstract: A system and a method for remapping controls in a vehicle is disclosed. The system for remapping controls in a vehicle includes an input device configured to receive a data block of vehicle information. The system also includes a plurality of configurable vehicle controls situated in a vehicle, a control module configured to receive the data block from the input device to reconfigure the functionality of at least one of the plurality of configurable vehicle controls based on the data block received. The method for remapping controls in a vehicle includes the acts of receiving a data block from an operator, evaluating the data block, selecting a stored vehicle, generating a vehicle configuration based on the selected stored vehicle provided in the data block, and configuring a plurality of configurable vehicle controls according to the vehicle configuration.

Abstract: A driving assistance device (10) is mounted in a mobile body (100). An abnormality detection unit (22) detects an abnormality in a sensor mounted in a peripheral body moving on a periphery of the mobile body (100). An assistance determination unit (23) reads a control pattern corresponding to a sensing area of a sensor whose abnormality has been detected by the abnormality detection unit (22), from a pattern storage unit (31). A path generation unit (24) generates path data indicating a moving path of the mobile body (100) to correspond to the control pattern.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle control apparatus with which when autonomous driving is switched from an off state to an on state by an autonomous driving switch, the transition to autonomous driving is made according to the previous target path generated in the autonomous-driving off state or the predicted path generated on the basis of the latest vehicle state information, thereby allowing instantaneous and smooth transition from manual driving to autonomous driving.

Abstract: A vehicle control system includes a driving controller that switches between autonomous driving an manual driving of a vehicle, a seat whose form is changed between a form during autonomous driving and a form during manual driving that are different from each other, and a seat controller that controls motion of the seat when a form of the seat is changed. If the seat is in a form during autonomous driving, the driving controller does not switch autonomous driving to manual driving when controlling the vehicle.

Abstract: A method of assisting an autonomous vehicle includes obtaining first surrounding area information of the vehicle when the vehicle is located at a first distance from a monitored area disposed ahead of the vehicle, providing a first control command for controlling the vehicle to operate in a first operating mode, by using the first surrounding area information, obtaining second surrounding area information of the vehicle when the vehicle has driven toward the monitored area and is located at a second distance less than the first distance from the monitored area, and providing a second control command for controlling the vehicle to operate in a second operating mode, by using the second surrounding area information.

Abstract: A driving assist device includes: a driving operation element; circuitry configured to acquire traveling state relevant information indicating a traveling state, control the own vehicle such that the own vehicle travels in a state where a target traveling condition is met, and determine whether the traveling state changed by the operation of the driving operation element is a specific state; and a request generation device configured to generate a condition change request when the predetermined operation or input is performed while the own vehicle is in the driving assist control, wherein the circuitry is configured to change the target traveling condition based on the traveling state relevant information when the condition change request is generated in a case where it is determined that the changed traveling state is the specific state.

Abstract: When a second condition is satisfied in a case in which an automated driving control unit performs switching from automated driving to manual driving, a request for a remote operation is sent to an outside-vehicle facility using a communicator, and remote driving for automatically controlling at least one of acceleration/deceleration and steering of a vehicle is executed on the basis of control information received from the outside-vehicle facility.

Abstract: A method controls the height of a floor of a car of a vehicle relative to a platform. The car includes a body provided with a distance sensor, at least one bogie and at least one secondary suspension between the bogie and the body. The method includes measuring the distance between the distance sensor and the platform via the distance sensor, calculating the difference between the height of the platform and the height of the floor from the measured distance, and adjusting the height of the secondary suspension based on the difference.

Abstract: A grating for a support structure includes a piece of metal including a perimeter edge and a surface bound by the perimeter edge. The piece of metal defines an array of uniform surface modifications on the surface of the piece of metal. The uniform surface modifications are arranged in a repeated pattern across the surface. The repeated pattern of uniform surface modifications is consistent across the surface but for at least a pair of spaced apart areas of inconsistency where the uniform surface modifications are not formed in the surface. Each area of inconsistency is surrounded on all sides by the array of uniform surface modifications. The pair of areas of inconsistency provides an indication of where to attach a structure to the grating.

Abstract: A spring arrangement for a vehicle, particularly a rail vehicle with at least one wagon and at least one bogie, wherein so as to create favorable construction conditions the spring arrangement includes at least one suspension spring, at least one pre-stressed damping spring, a contact body connected to the damping spring, and at least one first auxiliary spring, where a first longitudinal axis of the suspension spring, a second longitudinal axis of the damping spring, a third longitudinal axis of the contact body, and a fourth longitudinal axis of the first auxiliary spring are arranged parallel to each other, and where the contact body is arranged between the damping spring and the first auxiliary spring such that a low level of overall rigidity of the spring arrangement is obtained for a height adjustment of the vehicle.

Abstract: A chassis suspension (10) for rail vehicles (36), the chassis suspension including a carriage body (12) which is supported on a chassis (16) via a spring system (18), the chassis suspension (10) having an anti-lift device (24) with a stop element (30) fixed in respect to the carriage body (12) and a stop element (28) fixed in respect to the chassis (16), between which stop elements free play exists which limits the rebound travel of the spring system (18) if the carriage body (12) is raised, and a level adjustment device for the carriage body (12) is formed by an extendable actuator (34) positioned between the two stop elements (28, 30).

Abstract: A railcar bogie includes a plate spring supported by a pair of axle boxes arranged away from each other in a car longitudinal direction, the plate spring supporting a cross beam while being pressed by a pressing member of a bogie frame from above such that the pressing member is separable from the plate spring, at least a lower surface of the plate spring containing resin. The lower surface of the plate spring includes an inclined surface inclined with respect to a horizontal direction when viewed from a car width direction. The bogie frame includes at least one lifting supporting portion, the at least one lifting supporting portion including a supporting surface, the supporting surface being opposed to the inclined surface of the plate spring from below with a gap and inclined along the inclined surface of the plate spring.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to measure an outside size of the vehicle accurately while running the vehicle. A plurality of the 1st sensors 25, 26 irradiate inspection lights to a plurality of places (4a) of the vehicle 4 of a railroad and output measurement signals which show positions and distances by receiving lights from a plurality of the places of the vehicle 4. The 2nd sensor 27, 28 or 29 irradiates an inspection light to an outside surface of the vehicle 4 and outputs a measurement signal which shows a position and a distance by receiving a light from the outside surface of the vehicle 4. The control equipment 30 or the processing equipment 41 processes the measurement signals outputted from a plurality of the 1st sensors 25, 26, detects positions and heights of a plurality of the places of the vehicle 4, processes the measurement signal outputted from the 2nd sensor 27, 28 or 29, and detects the outside size of the vehicle 4.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a device for detecting defects in a rail, including at least one collection of sensors which are able to generate an electrical signal indicative of a distance (dn,i) separating the sensors and the rail, and at least one rail vehicle able to move along the rail; the collection of sensors being assembled to the rail vehicle; the rail vehicle being configured to rest on the rail in such a way that said sensors are positioned facing and some distance away from said rail. The device includes a friction pad comprising a lower surface able to slide along the rail, the friction pad further comprising at least one cavity formed in the lower surface, the at least one collection of sensors being housed in the cavity.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling a vehicle system determine one or more of a route parameter of a route on which the vehicle system is moving or a vehicle parameter of the vehicle system. The system and method also determine whether a ratio of a lateral force exerted by one or more wheels of the vehicle system on the route to a vertical force exerted by the one or more wheels of the vehicle system on the route increases to a value exceeding a designated threshold as a result of the one or more route parameter of vehicle parameter that is determined. The ratio of the lateral force to the vertical force exerted by the one or more wheels of the vehicle system on the route is reduced to a value less than the designated threshold by changing an operation of the vehicle system.

Abstract: A device for checking a wheel of a rail car for flat spots. The device includes a microelectromechanical microphone for acquiring measured air-borne sound values within a first time span. In addition, the device includes a processing unit, which is configured to determine, as a function of the measured air-borne sound values acquired, if the wheel has a flat spot. The essence of the present invention is that the device includes an acoustic waveguide. In addition, the device takes the form of a mobile device and may be situated on or in the rail car in such a manner, that air-borne sound, which is radiated at a boundary surface, as air-borne sound, by structure-borne sound propagating through the rail car, is transmitted to the microphone by the acoustic waveguide. Also described is a related method for checking a wheel of a rail car for flat spots.

Abstract: A traffic control system (100) includes a railroad crossing control system (10) with a constant warning time device (40), a wheel sensing system (120) with a sensor (122) connected to a rail (20a, 20b) of a railroad track (20) at a predetermined position (P), and a communication network (140) interfacing with the railroad crossing control system (10) and the wheel sensing system (120) and adapted to transmit data. The wheel sensing system (120) provides speed values of a rail vehicle travelling on the railroad track (20), wherein the speed values are transmitted to the railroad crossing control system (10) via the communication network (140) for producing a preemption signal for the traffic signal control system (110). Further, a method for providing a preemption signal for a traffic signal control system (110) is described.

Abstract: A method transmits messages. Accordingly, current information and the information previously transmitted as current information in the previous message is transmitted in each new message. The messages can be transmitted wirelessly or by a cable or wire. The message can be exchanged between rail vehicles and an interlocking, between two or more rail vehicles, or two or more interlockings.

Abstract: A train detection system for a railway track defines a first lateral side and a second lateral side opposite the first lateral side. Two cameras are arranged along the railway track spaced apart from each other. Each camera is placed on either the first lateral side or the second lateral side. The system includes at least one passive target. Each of the passive targets is placed within the field of view of at least one of the cameras and on the opposite lateral side of the railway track with respect to the at least one of the cameras in whose field of view the respective passive target is placed. The system also includes at least one controller adapted to recognise the passive target in the images provided by at least one of the cameras to the controller to determine whether a train is located on the railway track.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of an expedition cart are provided. The expedition cart includes a chassis configured and dimensioned to support a load. The expedition cart includes first and second gusset plates attached to the chassis. Each of the first and second gusset plates includes a central body portion and curved fastening edges on either side of the central body portion. The curved fastening edges can be configured and dimensioned to mate against at least a portion of the chassis. Exemplary embodiments of an expedition cart are also provided that include first and second hubs engaged with the chassis, the first and second hubs defining either a single part or a two part design.

Abstract: Described is a divider system that divides a shopping cart basket up into compartments so that items in the shopping basket can be kept separate from each other. The divider system includes a first divider and a second divider that couple to one another using a slot in the second divider. The first divider and the second divider are each flat elongate panel assemblies of multiple flat panel structures. The first and second dividers are formed of three flat panels, two outer hollow panels and a center panel that slides into and out of each of the two hollow outer panels. With the divider system inserted into the basket of a shopping cart and coupled to the shopping cart, the divider system divides the shopping basket into multiple compartments for dividing items in the shopping basket.

Abstract: A steering column apparatus configured for vehicles may include a housing assembly, and a support assembly configured to be coupled to one side of the housing assembly to serve to absorb a tilt and an impact.

Abstract: A steering device includes: a coupling including a first coupling member, a second coupling member, and an elastic member, the elastic member which is made from a resin, and which includes an elastic member base portion, a first rotation direction elastic portion, a second rotation direction elastic portion, a third rotation direction elastic portion, a fourth rotation elastic portion, and an axial elastic portion, the axial elastic portion which is provided to the elastic member base portion, and which is arranged to be bent in a direction to be inclined with respect to the first axis when a clearance between the first shaft member assembly and the second shaft member assembly in the direction of the first axis is decreased.

Abstract: A magnetic detection device includes a substrate including a penetration part, a magnetic detection part supported on the substrate to overlap the penetration part, a pair of magnetic guiding parts arranged to sandwich the penetration part and the magnetic detection part, the pair of magnetic guiding parts being configured to guide a magnetic flux from a magnetic generation part to the magnetic detection part, and a soft magnetic member at least partially provided inside the penetration part.

Abstract: An ECU independently controls power supply to two winding systems in a motor on a per-winding-system basis based on current command values each calculated for a corresponding winding system in accordance with a target assist torque. When a first winding system fails, the ECU transitions from a first state in which the ECU causes the winding groups of the two winding systems to produce the target assist torque to a second state in which the ECU causes the winding group of the other normal winding system to produce the target assist torque. If the current command value for the normal winding system is equal to or below a current threshold value that is set with reference to zero or a value close to zero when the failed winding system recovers to its normal state in the second state, the ECU transitions from the second state to the first state.

Abstract: An assembly includes a steering rack. The assembly includes a first pinion meshed with the steering rack. The assembly includes an internal gear coupled to the first pinion. The assembly includes a second pinion meshed with the internal gear.

Abstract: A steering apparatus includes a first pinion, an internal gear engaged with the first pinion, a second pinion fixed relative to the internal gear, a first gear engaged with the second pinion, a third pinion fixed relative to the first gear, and a steering rack meshed with the third pinion.

Abstract: A lightweight suspension upright or knuckle for a vehicle including a bearing connection interface arranged coaxial with the rolling bearing and including a first sleeve element and a second sleeve element arranged radially outside the first sleeve element and including a BMC/LFT/DLFT annular body that is sandwiched between a first and second shell elements, which are coupled together in a radially superimposed manner and which are preferably obtained in a semi-cured state as self-supporting elements, to be chemically and mechanically bonded together and with the BMC/LFT/DLFT annular body in a later stage during a step of forming a core (11) to fill either completely or partially an empty space (12) delimited between the first and second shell elements (8,9).

Abstract: A hub bearing module for a lightweight suspension upright or knuckle of a vehicle, the hub bearing module including a wheel bearing and a bearing connection interface to the suspension upright or knuckle, the bearing connection interface being arranged coaxial with the rolling bearing and including a first sleeve element and a second sleeve element arranged radially outside the first sleeve element and including a composite, preferably BMC (Bulk Molding Compound) annular body having a radially inner lateral surface mechanically coupled to the first sleeve element and a radially outer lateral surface configured to mechanically and chemically couple with the suspension upright or knuckle.

Abstract: A lightweight suspension upright or knuckle including: a bearing connection interface having a first sleeve element and a second, radially outer, sleeve element and further including a BMC/LFT/DLFT annular body; at least one attachment interface configured to connect the suspension upright or knuckle to a respective control or support element; and a supporting structural body mechanically connecting the bearing connection interface with the at least one attachment interface. The supporting structural body is shaped as a reticular frame including first blade elements chemically and mechanically interconnected to each other and to the outer lateral surface; each blade element consisting in one or more mats or plies of continuous fibers embedded in a polymer matrix, stacked onto one another and that have been compression molded together and with the annular body. Also, a method for obtaining a lightweight suspension upright or knuckle for a vehicle providing a bearing connection interface.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: Provided are a lane separation line detection correcting device/method and an automatic driving system for stabilizing the behavior of a vehicle by correcting overestimated curvature information resulting from an erroneous detection of a curvature of a lane separation line. A travel speed detecting circuit detects, for example, a target travel speed as vehicle sensor information. A maximum curvature estimating circuit estimates, based on the target travel speed, a maximum curvature of a road along which an own vehicle is traveling. A curvature correcting circuit corrects a curvature of a lane separation line input thereto based on the maximum curvature. A control unit controls steering of the own vehicle based on the lane separation line having a corrected curvature. As a result, vehicle steering can be automatically controlled so as to prevent the own vehicle while traveling from departing from a driving lane.

Abstract: A steering angle detection device includes plural control units and plural steering angle sensors. Each control unit is configured to transmit steering angle information related to a steering angle of a vehicle to an external device and transmit and receive information mutually therebetween. Each steering angle sensor is provided in correspondence to each control unit and configured to output a sensor signal corresponding to a detection value of a change in the steering angle to the corresponding control unit. One of the control units transmits, as a transmission control unit, the steering angle information to the external device at one transmission timing.

Abstract: A steering angle detection device is provided with a plurality of rotation angle sensors and a plurality of control units. The rotation angle sensors are capable of at least continuously calculating a rotation speed while an ignition switch of a vehicle is turned off, and are provided so as to correspond to steering angle calculation units which calculate steering angle based on the rotation speed and a rotation angle acquired from the rotation angle sensors and midpoint information related to the neutral position of a steering member. Power supplies are provided on a per-system basis. The rotation angle sensors or the control units are capable of holding the midpoint information while the ignition switch is turned off. If a power supply abnormality resulting in power supply failure occurs in some of the systems, the control unit of the abnormal system acquires the midpoint information and the rotation speed from the control unit of a normal system when the ignition switch is turned on.

Abstract: Disclosed are a vehicle capable of projecting visual information used to guide driving or parking on a road and a control method therefor. The method of displaying information on a road for a vehicle includes recognizing a traveling state, determining at least one of a location or a curvature of a laser assistance line that is to be projected on a road from a front laser projector or a rear laser projector based on the recognized traveling state and a steering angle of the vehicle, and projecting the laser assistance line based on a result obtained from the determining.

Abstract: A vehicle underbody structure includes a pair of rockers that are provided on both vehicle width direction sides of a vehicle underbody and extend in a vehicle front-rear direction, a battery that is disposed centrally in a vehicle width direction center between the pair of rockers and is disposed above a vehicle floor and on the lower side of a seat, a fuel tank that is disposed in the vehicle width direction center between the pair of rockers and is disposed under the vehicle floor and further toward a rear side of the vehicle than the battery, and a waste pipe that is coupled to a drive unit provided at a vehicle front side of the battery and extends in the vehicle front-rear direction between the battery and one of the rockers.

Abstract: A cargo transport rear frame includes a pair of posts, an upper cross member, and a rear bolster. The posts are spaced in a width direction, and extend in a height direction. The upper cross member extends along the width between the posts. The rear bolster extends between lower ends of the posts such that the rear bolster is spaced below the upper cross member. The posts, the upper cross member, and the rear bolster bound the rear cargo opening. The rear bolster has a first side facing in a forward direction, and the rear bolster has a second side facing in a rearward direction to be exposed to a rear side of the cargo transport rear frame. The rear bolster comprises a sheet metal stamping including a base surface and a relief embossed in the rearward direction from the base surface to form a loading dock engagement feature.

Abstract: A reinforcing plate is provided between an inner central portion that structures a portion of a connecting member and a rear end portion of a dash cross-member. The reinforcing plate is a wrought member and is joined (at a join portion) to both the inner central portion and a rear wall portion of the dash cross-member via joining members. Because the wrought member has high tensile strength, when the reinforcing plate is provided at the join portion of the connecting member, a tensile load acting on the join portion may be borne by the reinforcing plate, and breakage of the connecting member may be suppressed. Therefore, an impact load transmitted from a front side member through the connecting member may be transmitted to the dash cross-member and rockers.

Abstract: A vehicle front portion structure include: side rails that extend in a vehicle longitudinal direction, that have rear end portions connected to a battery; a front side cross member, that is connected to a vehicle front side of both of the side rails and extends in a vehicle transverse direction; and a rear side cross member, extends in the vehicle transverse direction, wherein a front portion of each side rail is positioned further toward a vehicle upper side than a rear portion of the side rail, and an inclined portion, which is inclined toward a vehicle lower side while heading from a vehicle front side toward a vehicle rear side, is provided between the front portion and the rear portion, and wherein a gear box is disposed at a vehicle lower side of the inclined portions, as seen in a vehicle side view.

Abstract: A cargo body panel includes an interior side, an exterior side, a primary recess, a secondary recess positioned within the primary recess, and a logistics track. The interior side defines an interior plane. The exterior side defines an exterior plane. The primary recess includes a primary recess interior side defining a primary recess interior plane and a primary recess exterior side defining a primary recess exterior plane. The primary recess interior plane is recessed from the interior plane in a direction toward the exterior plane. The secondary recess includes a secondary recess interior side defining a secondary recess interior plane and a secondary recess exterior side defining a secondary recess exterior plane. A distance between the secondary recess interior plane and the interior plane is greater than a distance between the primary recess interior plane and the interior plane. The secondary recess exterior plane is non-coplanar with the exterior plane.

Abstract: A vehicle cabin front portion structure has a steering column of a vehicle, an instrument panel in which a face blowout port is formed further toward a vehicle transverse direction outer side than the steering column, an air conditioner main body that is provided within the instrument panel, further toward a vehicle transverse direction central side than the steering column, a knee airbag device that is disposed at a vehicle lower side of the steering column, and that inflates and deploys a knee airbag toward a vehicle lower side of the instrument panel, and a face duct that extends from the air conditioner main body to the face blowout port via a route that passes a vehicle rear side of the knee airbag device.

Abstract: There is provided an assembling structure of an engine. An oil control valve unit is configured to control oil pressure in a variable valve timing device of the engine. The oil control valve unit is installed on a cylinder head. The cylinder head is assembled to a crankcase. An outer wall of the cylinder head is formed with an opening into which the oil control valve unit is partially inserted. A mating surface of the cylinder head and the crankcase is fastened by at least a pair of bolts spaced apart across the opening.

Abstract: The invention relates to a supporting structure (10) for a front-end module of a motor vehicle, said supporting structure (10) comprising a lower crossmember (12), a first side post (14), a second side post (16) and an upper crossmember (18) so as to define a frame, said upper crossmember (18) being made of a hybrid material comprising a plastic material and a metal material. The invention also relates to a front-end module comprising one such supporting structure (10).