Abstract: Expandable specula devices and methods are disclosed. In one aspect, a speculum includes inner and outer balloon layers configured to expand circumferentially. The inner and outer balloon layers form a sealed cavity configured to hold a liquid. The speculum further includes an access tube for injecting the liquid into the cavity. The speculum further includes a shape memory alloy layer within the outer balloon layer. The shape memory alloy layer is configured to transition to a first shape when heated above a transition temperature.

Abstract: A system may include a retractor movable between a radially-collapsed configuration and a radially-expanded configuration, a retraction tool having a tissue-engaging element and an anchor-engaging element, and a first member configured to form a releasable coupling with the anchor-engaging element at each of a plurality of spaced apart positions.

Abstract: The invention relates to an eye surgical lighting unit for lighting internal ocular tissue. The lighting unit comprises a fiber having a proximal end and a distal end, for guiding a light beam to the distal end. The lighting unit also comprises a manual unit, provided with a cannula and a handle having an internal passage positioned in line with the cannula. The fiber is adjustable between an intraocular operational position in which the fiber extends through the internal passage of the handle and through the cannula, and a chandelier operational position in which the fiber is uncoupled from the manual unit.

Abstract: A new device attached to a Smartphone has been invented to provide objective vision screening of young children including infants and newborns. The inventive device includes a main plane body which haves a cylindrical container for holding the optical elements and a house for holding the beam splitter. The main plane body is attached to a Smartphone. While the optical elements making the streak of light beam and moving it across the pupils of children, the camera of a Smartphone records the relative movement of the retinal reflex of the children eyes, which gives the information of refractive status, clarity of refractive media, alignment of the both eyes and other conditions of the eyes that may cause amblyopia. The principal of this device is similar to conventional streak retinoscopy, but it examines both eyes simultaneously and has more advantages.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus includes a refractometry optical system, an OCT optical system, a fixation projection system, and a controller. The refractometry optical system is configured to project light onto a subject's eye and to detect returning light from the subject's eye. The OCT optical system is configured to split light from an OCT light source into measurement light and reference light, to project the measurement light onto the subject's eye, and to detect interference light between returning light of the measurement light from the subject's eye and the reference light. The fixation projection system is configured to simultaneously project a first fixation target and a second fixation target onto the subject's eye, a visual angle of the second fixation target being narrower than a visual angle of the first fixation target. The controller is configured to control the refractometry optical system and the OCT optical system to simultaneously perform a refractometry and an OCT measurement.

Abstract: An ophthalmic instrument includes a carrier positionable relative to a test subject, and first and second measurement units mounted on the carrier by corresponding first and second parallelogram linkages. The first measurement unit, for example an autorefractor/keratometer, performs a first type of ophthalmic measurement, and is guided by the first parallelogram linkage to move relative to the carrier simultaneously in forward and downward directions from an idle position to a measurement position. The second measurement unit, for example a tonometer, performs a second type of ophthalmic measurement, and is guided by the second parallelogram linkage to move relative to the carrier simultaneously in forward and upward directions from an idle position to a measurement position. The first and second measurement units may each have a respective optical axis which aligns with a fixed measurement axis of the carrier when the measurement unit is in its measurement position.

Abstract: An apparatus, and corresponding method, for determining a refractive property of an eye includes a housing with a port configured to receive an eye and also light from the eye. A tunable lens can be mounted to the housing to apply a variable focal power to the light from the eye and to pass the light along an optical path toward a wavefront sensor within the housing. The wavefront sensor can receive the light via the optical path and measure a wavefront thereof. A determination module can be configured to determine a property of the eye based on the wavefront. Embodiments can be handheld, portable, and open view, while providing objective wavefront aberrometry, subjective phoroptry, and accommodation and presbyoptic evaluation, as well as lensometry functions.

Abstract: Provided are a home appliance and a cloud server that perform a healthcare function using artificial intelligence. According to the present disclosure, the home appliance and the cloud server includes a controller that compares an average of health information value for a predetermined period of time and current the health information value of the user based on health information value including the electrocardiogram measured by an electrocardiogram measuring unit and the heart rate measured by a heart rate measuring unit. As a result, the controller may determine an emergency situation. In this case, the controller may generate a message with respect to the emergency situation and may transmit the generated message to a user terminal registered in advance.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein relate to detectors and their method of use for sensing electromagnetic fields, electromagnetic signals, biochemical analytes, and/or other conditions in subjects. The device may include an inductively-coupled implantable coil-based transducer that converts electrical, photonic, biochemical signals, and/or other appropriate signals and/or conditions originating in tissues and/or transplanted tissue grafts into changes in a property of the transducer, such as a resonance frequency, that may be detected using an alternating magnetic field that may be provided by a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal and/or other appropriate source. In some embodiments, the detector comprises a FET that changes state upon detection of a subject condition of interest. The change in the FET may change the resonance frequency of an associated LC or RLC circuit.

Abstract: The present invention provides a system for extension of dynamic range and contrast of a video capture under fluorescence imaging conditions using a single detector. For this purpose, the system (100) comprises of a light engine (107) which sequentially switches between a high-intensity fluorescence excitation light mode (107A), a low-intensity fluorescence excitation light mode (107B) and NIR reflectance light (107C). Correspondingly, a detector (103) captures three data streams—High Intensity Fluorescence Data (105A), Low Intensity Fluorescence Data (105B) and NIR Reflectance Data (105D). A scene processing unit (105) then processes the three data streams and generate two additional data streams—a Wide Dynamic Range Fluorescence Data Stream (105C) and an Enhanced Vascular Index Data Stream (105E). The system also uses a Selective Visualization Unit (106) to allow the user to visualize any of five data streams.

Abstract: A method for evaluating fit of an applicator can include receiving on a process first and second sets of digital data representing the target area and at least a portion of the applicator, respectively, digitally overlying the second set of digital data over the first set of digital data; calculating in the target area at a plurality of points of the overlay a separation distance between the sets of data and generating an electronic image that includes a visual depiction of the calculated separation distance.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments of systems and methods can be provided which can generate data associated with at least one portion of a sample. For example, at least one first radiation can be forwarded to the portion through at least one optical arrangement. At least one second radiation can be received from the portion which is based on the first radiation. Based on an interaction between the optical arrangement and the first radiation and/or the second radiation, the optical arrangement can have a first transfer function. Further, it is possible to forward at least one third radiation to the portion through such optical arrangement (or through another optical arrangement), and receive at least one fourth radiation from the portion which is based on the third radiation. Based on an interaction between the optical arrangement (or the other optical arrangement) and the third radiation and/or the fourth radiation, the optical arrangement (or the other optical arrangement) can have a second transfer function.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to nanowires, nanospheres and microspherical structures derived from keratin, such as bird feathers. Such structures may be utilized to form biodegradable, organic, non-toxic solar cells for the purpose of propogating energy in a circuit of an electronic device. Structures of the present invention can also be utilized in pharmaceutical delivery devices and biosensing purposes, in particular, detecting cancerous cells in vivo.

Abstract: A system and method for monitoring a patient suspected of experiencing a state of unconsciousness are provided. In certain aspects, the method includes assembling physiological data, obtained from a plurality of sensors placed on a subject, into sets of time-series data, separating, from the sets of time-series data, a plurality of electroencephalogram signals, and determining, from the plurality of electroencephalogram signals, at least one of frequency information and amplitude information. The method can also include identifying, using the at least one of the frequency information and the amplitude information, spatiotemporal signatures indicative of a likelihood of arousing the patient to consciousness by applying an external stimulus and generating a report indicating the likelihood of arousing the patient to consciousness by applying the external stimulus.

Abstract: A catheter for measuring a pressure distal of a stenosis includes a shaft including a housing in a distal portion of the shaft. A flexible printed circuit board is coupled to the housing. A pressure sensor is coupled to the flexible printed circuit board and is suspended within the housing. An aperture enables blood flow into the housing and into contact with the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A method and system for contextual heart rate monitoring are disclosed. In a first aspect, the method comprises calculating a heart rate using a detected ECG signal and detecting an activity level. In a second aspect, the system comprises a wireless sensor device coupled to a user via at least one electrode, wherein the wireless sensor device includes a processor and a memory device coupled to the processor, wherein the memory device stores an application which, when executed by the processor, causes the processor to calculate a heart rate using a detected ECG signal and to detect an activity level.

Abstract: A blood circulation detection apparatus has a measurer to measure a pulse wave of a subject based on a received optical signal diffused in a body of the subject and received when an optical signal in a predetermined frequency band is emitted to the subject, and a blood circulation detector to detect blood circulation of the subject based on a D. C. component of the received optical signal, a blood-volume change amount of the pulse wave from a rising time of the pulse wave to a time when a first-order differentiation value of the pulse wave with time becomes maximum, and a first-order differentiation value of the blood volume change amount with time.

Abstract: A pulse wave evaluation apparatus has a measurer to measure a pulse wave of a subject, a time detector to detect, per one beat of the measured pulse wave, a rising time of the pulse wave, a time when a first-order differentiation value of the pulse wave with time becomes maximum, and a maximum amplitude time of the pulse wave, a ratio detector to detect an acceleration ratio of mean acceleration from the rising time to the time when the first-order differentiation value becomes maximum and mean acceleration from the time when the first-order differentiation value becomes maximum to the maximum amplitude time, and an evaluator to evaluate the pulse wave based on the acceleration ratio.

Abstract: A system and apparatus comprising a multi-sensor catheter for right heart and pulmonary artery catheterization is disclosed. The multi-sensor catheter comprises multi-lumen catheter tubing into which at least three optical pressure sensors, and their respective optical fibers, are inserted. The three optical pressure sensors are arranged within a distal end portion of the catheter, spaced apart lengthwise within the distal end portion for measuring pressure concurrently at each sensor location. The sensor locations are configured for placement of at least one sensor in each of the right atrium, the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery, for concurrent measurement of pressure at each sensor location. The sensor arrangement may further comprise an optical thermo-dilution sensor, and another lumen is provided for fluid injection for thermo-dilution measurements. The catheter may comprise an inflatable balloon tip and a guidewire lumen, and preferably has an outside diameter of 6 French or less.

Abstract: An electronic device according to an embodiment of the present invention may comprise: a housing comprising a first glass plate, a second glass plate facing in the opposite direction to the first glass plate, and a side member surrounding the space between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, the second plate comprising an outer surface facing in the opposite direction to the first plate and an inner surface facing the first plate; an inner middle plate positioned between the first plate and the second plate; a touch screen display positioned between the middle plate and the first plate; an opaque layer comprising a first opening and a second opening positioned within 150 mm from the first opening, the opaque layer being directly or indirectly attached to the inner surface of the second plate comprising a hole overlapping with the first opening but comprising no hole overlapping with the second opening; a camera assembly partially positioned inside the hole of the second plate and the first openi

Abstract: A flexible sensor used for touch detection and an application thereof. The flexible sensor having a flexible substrate, at least two conductive layers and a plurality of electrodes, the conductive layers respectively covering two surfaces of the flexible substrate, the electrodes being arranged at two ends of the conductive layers, the conductive layers having a matrix and first conductive particles dispersed within the matrix. The sensor has stable output characteristics and good consistency between individuals, is easy to install, low-cost and highly sensitive, and can replace PVDF piezoelectric thin film sensors for monitoring human heartbeat and breathing state data.

Abstract: A catheter hub assembly includes a body. A pressure sensor is disposed within the body to sense pressure within a catheter and communicating with the body The body has a chamber formed therein having a predetermined volume. A stopper assembly, slideably moves to engage the body forming a gastight seal within the chamber for pushing a column of gas ahead of the stopper assembly as the stopper assembly moves from a first position to a second position.

Abstract: Cardiac activity (e.g., a cardiac electrogram) is analyzed for local abnormal ventricular activity (LAVA), such as by using a LAVA detection and analysis module incorporated into an electroanatomical mapping system. The module transforms the electrogram signal into the wavelet domain to compute as scalogram; computes a one-dimensional LAVA function of the scalogram; detects one or more peaks in the LAVA function; and computes a peak-to-peak amplitude of the electrogram signal. If the peak-to-peak amplitude does not exceed a preset amplitude threshold, then the module can compute one or more of a LAVA lateness parameter for the electrogram signal using one of the one or more peaks detected in the LAVA function and a LAVA probability parameter for the electrogram signal.

Abstract: An optical electrode having a plurality of electrodes, including a recording electrode having a roughened surface and an optical light source configured to emit light, wherein at least a portion of the light impinges on the recording electrode. Also disclosed are methods of producing an optical electrode and an opto-electronic neural interface system.

Abstract: A sensor circuit that is capable of sensing of neural action potentials is disclosed. The circuit can be designed to minimize power dissipation and total silicon area so that it can be incorporated into a massively parallel sensor array and ultimately implanted in the body (e.g. into the brain) in a safe manner. The circuit can also be designed to be tunable such that it can be optimized in silico prior to fabrication, and can be optimized through the use of controllable current sources after fabrication.

Abstract: This invention relates to a system and a method for continuous monitoring of the heart activities via a mobile device and algorithm to detect heart anomalies based on readings on electrocardiogram (ECG) and phonocardiogram (PCG).

Abstract: An ECG monitoring system for ambulatory patients includes a small multi-electrode patch that adhesively attaches to the chest of a patient. A reusable battery-powered ECG monitor clips onto the patch and receives patient electrical signals from the electrodes of the patch. A processor continuously processes received ECG signals and stores the signals in memory in the monitor. The processor also analyzes the received ECG signals for predefined arrhythmia. If an arrhythmia is detected, a wireless transceiver in the ECG monitor transmits the event information and an ECG strip to a cellphone handset. The cellphone handset automatically relays the event information and ECG strip to a monitoring center for further diagnosis and necessary intervention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method to provide a mean temporal spatial isochrone (TSI) path relating to an ECG feature (wave form) of interest, such as the activation of the heart from a single point (QRS), relative to the heart in a torso while using an ECG measurement from an ECG recording device.

Abstract: Conventional systems and methods of classifying heart signals include segmenting them which can fail due to the presence of noise, artifacts and other sounds including third heart sound ‘S3’, fourth heart sound ‘S4’, and murmur. Heart sounds are inherently prone to interfering noise (ambient, speech, etc.) and motion artifact, which can overlap time location and frequency spectra of murmur in heart sound. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide parallel implementation of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for classifying heart sound signals (HSS) wherein spatial (presence of different frequencies component) filters from Spectrogram feature(s) of the HSS are learnt by a first DNN while time-varying component of the signals from MFCC features of the HSS are learnt by a second DNN for classifying the heart sound signal as one of normal sound signal or murmur sound signal.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for detecting arrhythmias in cardiac activity. The method the method and system, under control of one or more processors configured with specific executable instructions, obtain cardiac activity (CA) signals for a series of beats, build a QRS-T template based on an ensemble of QRS complexes within the CA signals, and subtract the QRS-T template from the CA signals to obtain QRS-T scrubbed CA signals. The method and system determine an atrial flutter (AFL) timing feature within the QRS scrubbed CA signals, and declare an AFL episode based on a relation between the AFL timing feature and an AFL cluster criteria.

Abstract: A novel sweat absorbing textile electrode comprises a textile electrode body and an electrical coupling member, the textile electrode body comprising a conductive foam and a conductive fabric wrapped around the conductive foam, the electrical coupling member being fixed on the conductive fabric; wherein a through hole is provided on the conductive fabric on the side in contact with the human skin. The textile electrode has a light weight, small size and soft texture. It fits on the skin, has good air permeability, and is capable to absorb sweat, which can prevent short circuit between electrodes caused by sweat and be used for collecting bioelectrical signal when sweat comes out from human body. It may also be applied in bioelectrical signal monitoring in high temperature, high humidity environment, and during daily exercise.

Abstract: A system for providing an electrical interface between a transducer and a transducer support device, the system comprising: a body mounted to the transducer support device, the body comprising an interface-to-transducer coupling region; a interface-to-electronics subsystem coupling region coupled to the body and contiguous with the interface-to-transducer coupling region, the system defining a fluid sealing region surrounding at least one of the interface-to-transducer and the interface-to-electronics subsystem coupling region; the system comprising an operation mode defining a sealed electrical pathway between the transducer and the transducer support device, wherein: the fluid sealing region is coupled to a complementary transducer sealing region, and the elastically deformable coupling region is biased against an electrical contact of the transducer with the fluid sealing region preventing fluid from reaching the electrical contact of the transducer.

Abstract: A catheter system for controlled sympathectomy procedures is disclosed. A catheter system for controlled micro ablation procedures is disclosed. Methods for performing a controlled surgical procedure are disclosed. A system for performing controlled surgical procedures in a minimally invasive manner is disclosed.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for a guide system for guiding an interventional medical instrument toward a region of interest (ROI) along a predetermined trajectory path. The guide system comprises a base, an adjustment ring, and a plurality of guide blocks. The adjustment ring is configured to be selectively fixed in one of a plurality of rotational orientations with respect to the base. The plurality of guide blocks are each configured to be selectively fixed in one of a plurality of rotational orientations with respect to the adjustment ring and each include a guide hole. Each of the plurality of guide blocks include at least one of differing angles of trajectory or differing locations of the guide hole from others of the plurality of guide blocks to provide a selectable, predetermined location of the guide hole and angle of trajectory.

Abstract: A method includes, in a calibration phase, positioning a calibration-tool, including a mapping-electrode and a sensor of a location-measuring system, in an organ. The calibration-tool is tracked at different positions in the organ using the location-measuring system. A set of calibration data points is generated at the respective different positions, each calibration data point including signal-values obtained using the mapping-electrode and a corresponding position measurement of the sensor by the location-measuring system. The method further includes, in an investigation phase that is subsequent to the calibration phase, positioning an investigation-tool at a location in the organ. The signal-values at the location are measured using a mapping-electrode of the investigation-tool.

Abstract: A method for location tracking, includes measuring one or more first impedance-magnitudes, between a probe located at a location in an organ of a patient and one or more body-surface electrodes, at a first electrical frequency. One or more second impedance-magnitudes, between the probe located at the location and the one or more body-surface electrodes, are measured at a second electrical frequency. Based on the measured first and second impedance-magnitudes, one or more probe zero-frequency impedance-magnitudes between the probe and the one or more body-surface electrodes are estimated. The location of the probe in the organ is estimated based on the one or more probe zero-frequency impedance-magnitudes.

Abstract: An ingestible sensor according to an embodiment includes a sensor, a detector, and a transmitter and to be mixed with food and discharged without being digested or absorbed also when entering the inside of a body. The sensor is configured to detect a predetermined substance disposed inside the body. The detector is configured to detect whether or not the sensor has entered the inside of the body. The transmitter is configured to transmit information of the predetermined substance detected by the sensor to a communication device disposed outside the body based on a detection of an entrance of the sensor into the inside of the body that is made by the detector.

Abstract: A controlled substance Intercept system for collecting and detecting levels of one or more controlled substances in the breath of a subject and intercepting electric operation of a device, comprising: a sample capture module; a THC identification module; and an intercept module. The THC identification module sends an electric or optical signal to the intercept module if a level of controlled substance present in a sample captured in the sample capture, module exceeds a set threshold, for use in applications to enable or disable operation of equipment such as motor vehicles and construction equipment, and to enable or disable access to locations where impairment would pose a hazard, such as air or marine traffic control centers.

Abstract: Methods and systems are described to automatically obtain and analyze a lung airway gas sample from the breath of a person for compositional analysis. These techniques may provide an improved method for example for accurately and reliably measuring nitric oxide for asthma assessment in young children and non-cognizant patients.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of medical devices, and, more particularly, to a portable system for testing one or more lung functions, and novel techniques for noninvasive determination of one or more pulmonary function characteristics.

Abstract: A system and method for aiding in the diagnosis of a respiratory dysfunction is described. More particularly, a system and method for aiding in the diagnosis of one or more pulmonary embolisms is described. The system and method described herein include a plurality of sensors, a thermal control system, and a controller coupled to the plurality of sensors and the thermal control system for aiding in the diagnosis of a respiratory dysfunction.

Abstract: A gas sampling line having a channel for conducting respiratory gases from a patient respiratory interface to a gas monitor, the gas sampling line comprising, i.a., a gas sampling tube comprised of a polyether block amide material, the polyether segments of which comprise polyethyleneoxide. Use of a tube comprised of a polyether block amide material, the polyether segments of which comprise polyethyleneoxide, for sampling of respiratory gases; and a method for sampling of respiratory gases, the method comprising conducting respiratory gases through such a tube. A gas analysis system for analysing respiratory gases, comprising a gas sampling line as defined above and a gas monitor connectable to the gas sampling line.

Abstract: A health information providing system through plantar pressure measurement, including: a plantar pressure measurement device rolled in such a manner as to be carried and adapted to measure a measurement subject's plantar pressures in a state of being unrolled to transmit the measured plantar pressures to a measurement subject terminal; and the measurement subject terminal adapted to compare the plantar pressures received from the plantar pressure measurement device with reference plantar pressure ranges according to foot portions pre-stored, to extract and display a body region where a disease is suspected, the body region matching the foot portion having the plantar pressure exceeding the reference plantar pressure ranges according to foot portions, and to display health guidance information including guidance information on symptoms and treatments of the extracted body region where the disease is suspected.

Abstract: A method of characterising tremor stability in a subject is described for a subject having an involuntary tremor symptomatic of a neurological disorder. The method comprising: identifying a series of tremor cycles from measured tremor data of the subject, said tremor cycles measuring periodic variation in movement of the subject due to the tremor; determining an instantaneous frequency for each tremor cycle and collating the instantaneous frequencies; determining an instantaneous variation between the instantaneous frequencies of each pair of adjacent tremor cycles within the series; comparing the instantaneous variation to the collation of determined instantaneous frequencies to determine a distribution of instantaneous variations; and determining an index value of the distribution of the instantaneous variations, said index value defining the stability of the tremor.

Abstract: Eyewear or any other suitable wearable device may include one or more sensors for monitoring the gait of an individual. Information from the one or more sensors is analyzed to identify one or more medical conditions associated with the individual or to assess an individual's recovery from a particular injury or medical procedure.

Abstract: The present document relates to a system, and assembly and a computer program product. The system is suitable for correcting shoulder alignment, and comprises two sensor devices configured to be placed on a user's body, a controller receiving sensor signals from the sensor devices, and an alarm generator for generating alarm signals regarding a detected misalignment. The sensor devices comprise a first and a second sensor to be placed on a respective first and second upper thoracic part of the user's body. The first and second upper thoracic parts are respectively located on different lateral sides of the user's spine. The controller calculates an alignment status of the shoulders of the user from at least the first sensor signal and the second sensor signal, and operates the alarm generator for generating an alarm signal when the controller identifies the alignment status to be indicative of a misalignment of the shoulders of the user.

Abstract: According to an aspect, there is provided a computer-implemented method of determining a fall risk of a subject, the method comprising receiving a first data set indicative of movement of the subject; receiving a second data set indicative of context information of the subject; selecting a part of the first data set based on the second data set; and determining a fall risk based on the selected part of the first data set.

Abstract: A system and method for collecting a set of kinematic data streams from an activity tracking system with at least one activity monitoring system that is attached to a user; segmenting at least a subset of the kinematic data streams into a set of segments according to actions of the user; generating a set of biomechanical signals from the kinematic data streams wherein a biomechanical signal characterize a biomechanical property during a segment and includes generating a first integration data set through data integration and baseline error correction across the set of segments of the normalized kinematic data stream and determining at least a first biomechanical signal that is at least partially based on the first integration data set; and applying the set of biomechanical signals.

Abstract: Systems and methods for monitoring a range of motion of a joint are described. For example, in one embodiment, a first set of sensors may sense accelerations of a first body portion located on a first side of the joint and a second set of sensors may sense accelerations of the second body portion located on a second opposing side of the joint. The acceleration data may then be used to compute the relative motion of the first and second body portions to determine movement of the joint. This joint movement may then be used to determine one or more range of motion movement metrics which are output for viewing by a subject or medical practitioner.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for substantially real-time detection of spike events in neuromuscular data. The method comprises receiving a plurality of neuromuscular signals from a plurality of neuromuscular sensors arranged on one or more wearable devices worn by a user, detecting, based on the plurality of neuromuscular signals or information derived from the plurality of neuromuscular signals, at least one spike event corresponding to firing of an action potential in at least one motor unit, determining, based on the plurality of neuromuscular signals or the information derived from the plurality of neuromuscular signals, a biological source of the detected at least one spike event, and generating at least one output based, at least in part, on the detected at least one spike event and/or the determined biological source of the detected at least one spike event.