Abstract: A surface-coated cutting tool including a substrate including a rake face and a flank face and a coating which covers a surface of the substrate is provided. The substrate is made of a cBN sintered material or a ceramic sintered material. The coating includes an alternating layer. The alternating layer is made by alternately stacking a first layer and a second layer different in composition from the first layer. The first layer contains Al, Cr, and N. The second layer contains Ti, Al, and N. A ratio T1/T2 between a thickness Ti of the first layer and a thickness T2 of the second layer is not lower than 0.1 and lower than 1. There are thirty or more interfaces at which the first layer and the second layer are in contact with each other.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns a method for producing fertilizer particles comprising an alternative source of boron. It is found that certain colemanite and ulexite powders can be supplied to a fertilizer melt shortly before granulation essentially without dissolving into the melt. Accordingly, the fertilizer particles produced from the melt may contain negligible amounts or non-detectable levels of sodium borates or boric acid. Furthermore, the fertilizer particles can be homogeneous which is desirable for boron supplying fertilizers. It is also found that the fertilizer particles can supply boron to plants at a rate comparable to borax pentahydrate.

Abstract: A system for generating a concentrated product from a feedstock includes a feedstock chamber to which the feedstock is provided, a heat exchanger assembly in thermal communication with the feedstock chamber, the heat exchanger assembly being configured to freeze the feedstock in the feedstock chamber, an output flow arrangement configured to carry liquid from the feedstock chamber as the feedstock thaws, the output flow arrangement comprising a flow controller, a sensor disposed along the output flow arrangement or the heat exchanger assembly, the sensor being configured to measure a characteristic of the liquid, the characteristic being indicative of a solute concentration level of the liquid or the heat exchanger assembly, and a processor responsive to the characteristic and configured to control the flow controller to, based on the solute concentration level, direct the liquid passing through the output flow arrangement to define a plurality of products at different concentration levels, the plurality of p

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed to provide a plant nutrient by selecting a microbial solution with predetermined characteristics for agriculture use; iteratively and selectively breeding generations of microbes for microbial strain selection with predetermined microbial gene profiles to arrive at a predetermined microbial solution, wherein multiple single microbial series are separately cultivated and followed with cross cultivation among the microbial series in a specific sequence; and mixing by-products produced by the crossly cultivated microbial series with a fertilizer, a mineral or both.

Abstract: The invention relates to a coated granular fertilizer, preferably wherein granules are sulfate-based or phosphate-based. When sulfate based granules, as in ammonium sulfate, the coating substance is an inorganic salt of alkaline earth elements, preferably calcium, such that when applied to the surface of fertilizers, forms calcium sulfate, preferably a calcium sulfate-dihydrate, as a protective coating. For a reactive coating of a thiosulfate, free sulfuric acid present on the granule reacts to provide an elemental sulfur coating. For ammonium phosphate-based granules, coatings may comprise compounds of Ca++, Al+++ and/or Fe+++ salts thereby forming a calcium, an aluminum, an iron, or mixed cation phosphate protective coating. Thiosulfate is also effective with phosphate based granules which are manufactured with sulfuric acid.

Abstract: According to some demonstrative embodiments, there is provided herein a fertilizer granule including a fertilizer dust and one or more binders wherein said granule comprises a single strength of at least 2.5 kg/gran and a single strength after humidity chamber 24 hours, 79% RH of at least 0.5 kg/granule.

Abstract: Integrated systems are provided for the production of higher hydrocarbon compositions, for example liquid hydrocarbon compositions, from methane using an oxidative coupling of methane system to convert methane to ethylene, followed by conversion of ethylene to selectable higher hydrocarbon products. Integrated systems and processes are provided that process methane through to these higher hydrocarbon products.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for conversion of oxygenate feeds to lubricant and/or distillate boiling range compounds with desirable properties by first selectively converting oxygenates to light olefins and then converting the light olefins to distillate and lubricant boiling range compounds with beneficial properties. The distillate boiling range products can have an unexpectedly high cetane, while the lubricant boiling range products can have an unexpectedly high viscosity index. The ability to form the distillate boiling range products and lubricant boiling range products is facilitated by using a Ni-enhanced oligomerization catalyst.

Abstract: A method for producing an ?-olefin oligomer, the method including subjecting ?-olefin to oligomerization reaction to produce an ?-olefin oligomer mixture, carrying out distillation separation of ?-olefin oligomer having less than n carbon atoms in the mixture to obtain a distillation residue containing ?-olefin oligomer having n or more carbon atoms, and then carrying out a step of removing high molecular weight molecules from the distillation residue.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides assemblies for producing linear alpha olefins and methods for producing linear alpha olefins. In at least one embodiment, a method for producing a linear alpha olefin includes providing an olefin, a catalyst, and a process solvent to a first tubular reactor; obtaining an effluent from the first tubular reactor; and transferring the effluent to a second tubular reactor. In at least one embodiment, an assembly for producing linear alpha olefins includes a first tubular reactor having a first end and a second end; an effluent line having a first end and a second end, the first end coupled with the second end of the first tubular reactor; and a second tubular reactor having a first end and a second end, the first end coupled with the second end of the effluent line.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides assemblies for producing linear alpha olefins and methods for producing linear alpha olefins. In at least one embodiment, a method for producing a linear alpha olefin includes providing an olefin, a catalyst, and a process solvent to a reactor under oligomerization conditions; obtaining an effluent produced in the reactor; and transferring the effluent to a solvent-containing portion of a flash drum via a first effluent line coupled with the flash drum. In at least one embodiment, an assembly for producing linear alpha olefins includes a configuration to provide olefin, catalyst and process solvent coupled with a reactor; a flash drum; a first effluent line coupled with the reactor at a first end and coupled with the flash drum at a second end; and a second effluent line coupled with the flash drum at a first end and coupled with the first effluent line at a second end.

Abstract: A method for separating CO2 from C2 to C5 alkanes includes introducing a first stream including C2 to C5 alkanes and CO2 into a first separation zone, the first separation zone including a hydrocarbon solvent, and separating the first stream into a recycle stream and a second stream in the first separation zone. The recycle stream including CO2 and one or more of CO, H2, and CH4, and the second stream including C2 to C5 alkanes. The method further includes introducing the second stream into a second separation zone, and separating the second stream into a third stream and a fourth stream, wherein the third stream includes C2 alkanes and the fourth stream includes C3 to C5 alkanes.

Abstract: Methods for the selective hydrogenation of acetylenic compounds in a product stream that includes isoprene. A method of selectively hydrogenating an acetylenic hydrocarbon in the presence of isoprene may include obtaining a hydrocarbon mixture comprising an acetylenic hydrocarbon, isoprene, and butadiene or cyclopentadiene, or both. If cyclopentadiene is present, the hydrocarbon mixture may comprise greater than 2 wt. % cyclopentadiene. The method may further include contacting the hydrocarbon mixture and hydrogen (H2) with a hydrogenation catalyst under reaction conditions that are more selective to the hydrogenation of the acetylenic hydrocarbon than the isoprene.

Abstract: The present specification relates to a compound of Chemical Formula 1, a coating composition including the compound of Chemical Formula 1, an organic light emitting device using the same, and a method for manufacturing the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for reducing the concentration of a fluorinated alkyne impurity, such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyne (TFPY), in 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (HFO-1234yf) which comprises contacting such a mixture with a caustic material, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), under conditions effective to reduce the concentration of the fluorinated alkyne impurity, including in some practices reducing the concentration by at least about 50%.

Abstract: A series of benzosuberene analogues demonstrate effective inhibition of tubulin polymerization, cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines, and vascular disruption in tumors.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for the preparation of an ?-functionalized ketone, an ?-functionalized ketone obtained by said process, a photopolymerizable composition comprising the ?-functionalized ketone and at least one photopolymerizable unsaturated compound, a method of preparing an article, an article obtained by said method, as well as the use of the ?-functionalized ketone or the photopolymerizable composition as photoinitiator.

Abstract: Provided is a method for the alcoholysis of an amide. The method comprises subjecting an amide-containing compound to alcoholysis under alkaline conditions using an epoxy compound as an accelerant of alcoholysis.

Abstract: The authors of the present invention describe compounds derived from or structures related to clavulanic acid and the medical uses thereof. The invention also relates to a composition, a dosage form, a kit or device, and the uses of same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for converting the unwanted S enantiomer form to its useful raceme with respect to a 4-aminoindane derivative and to novel intermediates of said process.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds as well as compositions and methods using the same for preventing and/or treating degenerative disorders of the central nervous system and/or lysosomal storage disorders. In particular, the present invention provides methods for preventing and/or treating Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and/or Gaucher's disease.

Abstract: The invention relates to the chemical synthesis of pharmaceutical API, and specifically to a method of synthesizing diclofenac sodium, which is a kind of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for relieving pain.

Abstract: The present disclosure belongs to the field of chemical synthesis, and in particular relates to an ammonium carboxylate compound, a crystalline form and an amorphous form, and a preparation method thereof. The present disclosure prepares the compound and the crystalline form I and its single crystal, amorphous form and crystalline form II thereof. The compound, the crystalline forms, the single crystal and the amorphous form can stably exist and exhibit good solid forms, suitable for medicine-making. Furthermore, these products possess high purity and less single impurity. Moreover, the preparation methods of the present disclosure are easy to implement due to the simple processes with mild reaction conditions, and could produce products of high yield and high purity without complex purification steps. Furthermore, the preparation methods may facilitate safety, environmental protection, and industrial production.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a compound represented by Structural Formula (A): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The variables for Structural Formula (A) are defined herein. Also described is a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of Structural Formula (A) and its therapeutic use.

Abstract: Provided herein are anti-fibrotic compounds, in particular those of Formula (I), that inhibit the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions comprising the anti-fibrotic compounds, and methods of treating diseases or conditions associated with fibrosis, inflammation, and benign or malignant neoplastic diseases in a subject by administering a compound KIN or composition described herein.

Abstract: Provided here are nitric oxide-releasing compounds that include at least two different NO donor functional groups of the same class. In some embodiments, such nitric oxide-releasing compounds are macromolecules such as dendrimer and co-condensed silica. Pharmaceutical compositions, wound dressings, kits and methods of treatments are also provided herein.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making carboxylic acids from levulinic acid, such as succinic acid and 3-hydroxypropanoic acid, by reacting levulinic acid with an oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide under acidic or basic conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to heterocyclic compounds of formula (I) as SIP modulators, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and uses thereof in the treatment or alleviation of diseases or disorders mediated by an SIP receptor.

Abstract: Novel amisulpride derivatives and pharmaceutical compositions thereof are disclosed. The amisulpride derivative disclosed herein or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may have better membrane permeability compared to amisulpride. The amisulpride derivative disclosed herein or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may be used for antagonizing dopamine and/or serotonin (e.g., 5-HT2a) and/or ?2 receptor in a subject, either individually or in combination with other CNS active agents. The amisulpride derivative disclosed herein or a pharmaceutical composition thereof may be used for treating one or more conditions responsive to modulation of dopamine and/or serotonin (e.g., 5-HT2a) and/or ?2 receptor in a subject, either individually or in combination with other CNS active agents.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a nicotinyl alcohol ether derivative, a preparation method therefor, and a pharmaceutical composition and uses thereof. Specifically, the invention relates to nicotinyl alcohol ether derivatives represented by formula (I), a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition containing the one or more compounds, and uses of the compounds in treating diseases related to PD-1/PD-L1 signal channels, such as cancers, infectious diseases and autoimmune diseases.

Abstract: Adducts are described formed between pyrrole derivatives of formula (I) an carbon allotropes in which the carbon is sp2 hybridized, such as for example carbon nanotubes, graphene or nanographites, carbon black. The pyrrole derivatives bear substituents on the nitrogen atom suitable for improving the physicochemical characteristics of said allotropes. A process for preparing said adducts is also described. The adducts are formed with a pyrrole of formula (I) wherein X is selected from the group consisting of: The other substituents are as defined in the claims.

Abstract: By using ion exchange column chromatography or calcium carbonate to an aqueous solution containing a compound A represented by the following formula and citric acid, citric acid in the aqueous solution is removed and a crystalline compound A is obtained by being thereafter subjected to several steps. Further a high-purity noncrystalline compound A is obtained by using calcium carbonate, sulfuric acid, an organic solvent and the like to the aqueous solution containing the compound A and citric acid to remove citric acid and the crystalline compound A in the solution. The configuration of the crystalline compound A is an SS isomer in the RS notation system. The configuration of the noncrystalline compound A is an SR isomer.

Abstract: The present application relates to triarylamine compounds of a defined formula. The present application further relates to processes for preparing the compounds, to the use of the compounds in electronic devices, and to electronic devices comprising the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound represented by the formula (I) wherein X is a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom; R is a hydrogen atom or alkyl; R1 is (1) cyclopropyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms or (2) phenyl optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms; R2 is alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkoxy, a halogen atom, cyano, etc.; and R3 is 7-oxo-7,8-dihydro-1,8-naphthyridinyl, 3-pyridyl, etc., or a salt thereof. The compound of the present invention has excellent antimicrobial activity against Clostridium difficile and is useful for the prevention or treatment of intestinal infection such as Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea.

Abstract: Benzamides and picolinamides that are meta-substituted with imino-, guanidino-, or heterocycle-containing groups disrupt the WDR5-MLL1 protein-protein interaction, and have use in pharmaceutical compositions and in treating proliferative disorders and conditions in a subject, such as cancer.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to bifunctional compounds, which find utility to degrade (and inhibit) Androgen Receptor. In particular, the present invention is directed to compounds, which contain on one end a VHL ligand which binds to the ubiquitin ligase and on the other end a moiety which binds Androgen Receptor such that Androgen Receptor is placed in proximity to the ubiquitin ligase to effect degradation (and inhibition) of Androgen Receptor. The present invention exhibits a broad range of pharmacological activities associated with compounds according to the present invention, consistent with the degradation/inhibition of Androgen Receptor.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula (1), including all stereoisomers, N-oxides, and salts thereof (Formula (1)) wherein K, Z, R2, R3 and m are as defined in the disclosure. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compounds, N-oxides and salts, processes for making such compounds, N-oxides, salts and compositions, and methods for controlling undesired vegetation comprising contacting the undesired vegetation or its environment with an effective amount of a compound, N-oxide, salt or composition.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds of the formula (I): as well as pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein the substituents are as those disclosed in the specification. These compounds, and the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, promote mitochondrial biogenesis and are useful for the treatment of, for example, acute kidney injury and chronic kidney disease.

Abstract: Chemical entities based on quinoxaline that are kinase inhibitors are described. Specifically, quinoxaline derivatives of Formula I, containing a diarylamide or diarylurea substructure that inhibit Braf mutant kinase activity, pharmaceutical compositions containing the inhibitor compounds and methods of treatment of cancer comprising administering an effective amount of the Braf inhibitor compound are described.

Abstract: Benzoylamides of the general formula (I) are described as herbicides. In this formula (I), X, R and Ra represent radicals such as alkyl, cycloalkyl and halogen. Q represents a five-membered heterocycle.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to inhibitors of zinc-dependent histone deacetylases (HDACs) useful in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with an HDAC, e.g., HDAC6, having a Formula I: where R, L, X1, X2, X3, X4, Y1, Y2, Y3, and Y4 are described herein.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and to a process for the preparation of the compounds: R1 is independently selected from hydrogen atom, amine group, monocyclic or bicyclic aliphatic, aromatic, heteroaliphatic or heteroaromatic ring. R2 is independently selected from monocyclic or bicylic aliphatic, heteroaliphatic, aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, C1-C6 alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl chain. n is 1 or 2; preferably n is 1. m is 0, 1 or 2; preferably m is 0. R3 and R4 can be, independently, —H, —F, C1-C4 alkyl, —OH, —OC1-C4 alkyl; preferably they are both —H. X is O or S. R5 is —H or —CH3 optionally substituted by one or more fluorine atoms; preferably R5 is hydrogen. The compounds can be used in the treatment of conditions or diseases mediated by P2X7 receptor.

Abstract: The invention is directed to the to the electrochemical preparation of 2,5- furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) by electrochemical oxidation, comprising a first oxidation step of oxidizing HMF to 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furan-carboxylic acid (HMFCA) in an electrochemical cell, subsequently a first isolation step of isolating HMFCA, followed by a second oxidation step of HMFCA to FDCA.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds, particularly to compounds comprising a photoactive unit, said novel compounds being particularly suitable for compositions and ophthalmic devices as well as to compositions and ophthalmic devices comprising such compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for carbonylating allyl alcohols at low temperature, low pressure and/or low catalyst loading. In an alternative embodiment, an acylation product of the allyl alcohol is used for the carbonylation. The present invention likewise relates to the preparation of conversion products of these carbonylation products and specifically of (?)-ambrox.

Abstract: A compound of the formula I, wherein the symbols are as defined in the remaining specification, or a mixture of two or more compounds of the formula I, for use as active ingredient in the therapeutic—including prophylactic—treatment of a warm-blooded animal for the regulation of body weight (preferred) and/or fat loss (preferred) and/or for the management of obesity and/or for improving the total cholesterol HDL/LDL ratio; where the compound(s) of the formula I may be present in free form, in the form of a pharmaceutically and/or nutraceutically acceptable salt, in the form of tautomers, in the form of esters and/or in the form of solvates, as well as related invention embodiments.

Abstract: The technology described herein is directed to compounds which are substrates for ClbP, acting as fluorescent probes for ClbP activity. Further provided herein are methods for measuring ClbP activity, screening for ClbP inhibitors, detecting colibactin, and/or diagnosing cancer, which utilize the substrate compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and processes of preparing niraparib and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and intermediates and their salts useful for the synthesis of niraparib.

Abstract: An o-aminoheteroaryl alkynyl-containing compound has a structure represented by formula (I), and the compound of formula (I) has advantages of a high FGFR and RET double target inhibitory activity and a relatively low KDR activity, and the compound of formula (I) exhibits a strong inhibitory activity in a human lung cancer cell line NCI-H1581 and a gastric cancer cell line SNU16 as well as an RET-dependent sensitive cell line BaF3-CCDC6-Ret and a mutant thereof. Pharmacokinetic data shows that the o-aminoheteroaryl alkynyl-containing compound has druggability, and exhibits significant relevant inhibition of the growth of related tumors in a long-term animal model of drug efficacy and results in favorable animal condition at effective doses.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds of Formula I, including pharmaceutically acceptable salts, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods for making the compounds and their use in inhibiting HIV integrase and treating those infected with HIV or AIDS.