Abstract: An oral device for treating obstructive sleep apnea is generally described. In an embodiment, the oral device includes an anchoring member, a lip sealing member and an air transmission member configured to receive and transmit air to a user. The air transmission member may divide and distribute the air to multiple locations within the user's oral cavity. The anchoring member is configured to receive a dentition of the user. According to some embodiments, the lip sealing member may include an inner lip seal and an outer lip seal. The inner and outer lip seals are customized to the user's lips and may be slidably received on the air transmission member. Thus, the lip sealing member is configured to provide a substantially airtight seal for the user's lips, thereby limiting and/or inhibiting air exchange between the user's lips.

Abstract: A condom and/or prophylactic device including an enclosed end configured to collect and securedly maintain bodily fluids and/or semen therein during intercourse; an open end that is spaced apart from the enclosed end that is further configured to receive a penis therethrough; and a main body positioned between and connected to the enclosed end and open end thereby forming a partial enclosure configured to receive and surround the penis therein and having an opening positioned mid-span along a length of the main body that is configured to allow skin on skin contact between the condom wearer and companion while in use.

Abstract: Systems for treating a subject's tissue can include a thermally conductive cup, a tissue-receiving cavity, and a vacuum port. The vacuum port is in fluid communication with the tissue-receiving cavity to provide a vacuum for drawing the submental tissue, or other targeted tissue, into the tissue-receiving cavity. A thermal device can cool and/or heat the conductive cup such that the conductive cup non-invasively controls the temperature of subcutaneous lipid-rich cells in the tissue. A restraint apparatus can hold a the conductive cup in thermal contact with the target region.

Abstract: A method for utilizing heat transfer parameters or energy expenditure of devices providing controlled hypothermia, normothermia or hyperthermia to detect changes, or the absence of changes, a patient's endogenous set-point temperature; which is not available during exogenously induced targeted temperature management. A particular embodiment would allow detection of fever in patients undergoing targeted temperature managed.

Abstract: Relatively non-invasive devices and methods for heating or cooling a patient's body are disclosed. Devices and methods for treating ischemic conditions by inducing therapeutic hypothermia are disclosed. Devices and methods for inducing therapeutic hypothermia through esophageal cooling are disclosed. Devices and methods for operative temperature management are disclosed.

Abstract: Shunt devices and a method for continuously decompressing elevated intraocular pressure in eyes affected by glaucoma by diverting excess aqueous humor from the anterior chamber of the eye into Schlemm's canal where post-operative patency can be maintained with an indwelling shunt device which surgically connects the canal with the anterior chamber. The shunt devices provide uni- or bi-directional flow of aqueous humor into Schlemm's canal.

Abstract: The invention relates to systems and methods for accessing tissue layers of the anterior chamber angle of an eye, targeting one or multiple treatment zones within the anterior angle area of the eye and delivering focused photodisruptive laser pulses with pulse durations <50 picoseconds creating channels into various anatomical structures within the anterior angle of the eye.

Abstract: Embodiments of this invention relate to systems and methods for automatic depth (or Z) detection before, during, or after laser-assisted ophthalmic surgery. When performing ophthalmic laser surgery, the operator (or surgeon) needs to make accurate and precise incisions using the laser beam. With the automatic depth detection systems and methods, the same laser used for the surgical procedure may be used for depth measurement of the surgical incisions. The surgical laser system may include a laser delivery system for delivering a pulsed laser beam to photoalter an eye, a mirror to transmit at least a portion of reflected light of the pulsed laser beam, a lens positioned to focus the transmitted reflected lighted on to a detector, (such as a CCD), and a depth encoder configured to automatically detect depth according to one or more of color, intensity, or shape of the focused spot on the CCD.

Abstract: A magnetic positioning system and related method for automated or assisted eye-docking in ophthalmic surgery. The system includes a magnetic field sensing system on a laser head and a magnet on a patient interface to be mounted on the patient's eye. The magnetic field sensing system includes four magnetic field sensors located on a horizontal plane for detecting the magnetic field of the magnet, where one pair of sensors are located along the X direction at equal distances from the optical axis of the laser head and another pair are located along the Y direction at equal distances from the optical axis. Based on relative magnitudes of the magnetic field detected by each pair of sensors, the magnetic field sensing system determines whether the patient interface is centered on the optical axis. The system controls the laser head to move toward the patient interface until the latter is centered on the optical axis.

Abstract: A mechanical refrigeration and heating unit supplies filtered air that is heated or chilled as needed for one or more welding helmets. A portable or transportable cabinet or housing has an air inlet on which a cartridge air filter is mounted. The air passes through an evaporator coil into an evaporator plenum where an evaporator fan moves the air to an outlet that connects with a heater plenum that contains an electric heater module. An outlet of the heater if fitted with an outlet port to which an air hose may be connected. A compressor, condenser coil, receiver, and condenser fan are located in an equipment compartment in the housing. A control board in the unit allows the user to select heated or chilled air. A clogged-filter alarm provides visual and audio alarm signals when pressure in the evaporator plenum falls below a threshold.

Abstract: A method of making a wound dressing comprising the steps of: providing an apertured substrate layer; coating the substrate layer with a fluid silicone prepolymer composition; thermally partially curing said silicone prepolymer composition to form a partially cured silicone coating on the substrate; laminating the coated substrate layer to a base layer to form a laminate having said partially cured silicone coating in contact with a surface of the base layer; followed by exposing the laminate to ionizing radiation, to further cure the partially cured silicone coating and to bond the silicone coating to said surface of the base layer. The radiation cure results in strong bonding between the siliconized substrate and incompatible base layers such as polyurethane foams. Also provided are wound dressings obtainable by the process of the invention.

Abstract: A reduced-pressure system for treating tissue, such as damaged subcutaneous tissue, includes a shaped dressing bolster for placing on the patient's epidermis and substantially sized to overlay the damaged subcutaneous tissue. The system further includes a sealing subsystem for providing a fluid seal over the shaped dressing bolster and a portion of the patient's epidermis, and a reduced-pressure subsystem for delivering a reduced pressure to the sealing subsystem. The reduced-pressure system may develop a force, which may include a vertical force that is realized at tissue site deeper than the epidermis or a closing force directed towards the incision. The shaped dressing bolster is shaped to evenly distribute the force. Other methods and systems are included.

Abstract: A system is provided comprising a columnar sleeve of stretchable fabric, the sleeve produced in various skin tone colors and configured to slip upon an individual toe or finger and an absorbent padding configured for attachment to an inside surface of the sleeve, the padding configured to cover about one half of an interior circumference of the inside surface, the padding optionally infused with at least one of pain killers, antiseptics, and soothing gels. The system also comprises wax paper covering the padding prior to use of the sleeve, an applicator shaped to facilitate slipping the sleeve upon the individual toe or finger, and convex-shaped flex bands placed lengthwise into the sleeve. The flex bands exert downward pressure on one of a toe and a finger and are placed in a U-shape, thus promoting the downward pressure.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and apparatuses for generating and releasing iodine are described. Some embodiments may include a dressing member including a plurality of iodine-forming reagents and a water-swellable material. In some embodiments, the dressing member may include water-swellable fibers. The water-swellable fibers may each include a water-swellable material in which iodine-forming reagents are dispersed. As liquid comes into contact with and is absorbed by the water-swellable material, the iodine-forming reagents may come into contact with each other, causing an iodine-forming reaction to occur, producing iodine.

Abstract: A wound dressing system that includes a conformal cover and an infusion pump is provided. The cover includes a fluid port and an oxygen catalyst. The infusion pump is configured to deliver a bioactive liquid to the cover via the fluid port. The liquid includes an oxygen precursor. Upon combination, the oxygen catalyst and precursor react to form oxygen. A method of applying a wound dressing system including a bioactive powder, a bioactive liquid, and a conformal cover to a wound site is also provided. The method includes applying the powder to the wound site; securing the cover around the wound site, where the cover includes an oxygen catalyst and a fluid port; and delivering the bioactive liquid to at least an inner layer of the cover via the fluid port, where the bioactive liquid includes an oxygen precursor.

Abstract: Systems, kits, methods of manufacturing, and a sealing member for creating a sealed space are described. The sealing member can include a film layer and a first adhesive layer coupled to the film layer. The sealing member can also include a second adhesive layer coupled to the first adhesive layer. A plurality of apertures may extend through the second adhesive layer. Each aperture can expose at least a portion of the first adhesive layer through the second adhesive layer. A plurality of polymer particles may be disposed in the first adhesive layer. The polymer particles can be configured to dissolve in response to interaction with a switching solution.

Abstract: In some illustrative examples, a medical drape suitable for treating a tissue site may include an adherent surface including first adherent force profile oriented along a first axis and a second adherent force profile oriented along a second axis. The first adherent force profile may have an average force less than an average force of the second adherent force profile. Other apparatuses, systems, and methods are also provided.

Abstract: A system and method for donning and labeling a body cast provides a protective body cast that is labeled. The system and method provides a protective body cast that forms padded protection around the body of a bedridden patient; and especially around the hip, buttock, and lower extremity pressure points. The body cast is composed of a nanomaterial and serves as an envelope for an inner lining of a softer material such as a composite foam rubber. The body cast is sectioned into a multi-layered enclosing cloth support wrap that is fabricated from a nanomaterial, an inner surface having padding, and at least one auxiliary padding that detachably attaches to the body cast for additional padding. Labels detachably attach to the lower portion of the support wrap for indicating information pertinent to the patient. A caregiver accesses the label to read and mark directly on a bedridden patient.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to assembling elastic laminates that may be used to make absorbent article components. Methods and apparatuses herein may include an anvil adapted to rotate about an axis of rotation, wherein first and second spreader mechanisms adjacent the anvil roll are axially and angularly displaced from each other with respect to the axis of rotation. During the assembly process, a substrate may be advanced in a machine direction onto the rotating anvil. The first spreader mechanism stretches a first elastic material in the cross direction, and the second spreader mechanism stretches a second elastic material in the cross direction. The stretched first and second elastic materials advance from the spreader mechanisms and onto the substrate on the anvil roll. The combined and elastic materials may then be ultrasonically bonded together on the anvil to form at least one elastic laminate.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to apparatuses and methods for assembling elastic laminates that may be used to make absorbent article components. Particular aspects of the present disclosure involve an anvil and a spreader mechanism adjacent the anvil. During the assembly process, a first substrate may be advanced in a machine direction onto the rotating anvil. The spreader mechanism operates to activate an elastic material by stretching the elastic material in the cross direction to a first elongation. The elastic material is then consolidated to a second elongation in the cross direction, wherein the second the elongation is less than the first elongation. The consolidated elastic material is then bonded between a first substrate and a second substrate on the anvil. In some configurations, the first and second substrates may be nonwovens, and the elastic material may be an elastic film and/or an elastic laminate.

Abstract: A tampon has a pair of longitudinally extending side edges and an absorbent member. The absorbent member has an insertion area, a withdrawal area, and an intermediate area between the insertion area and the withdrawal area and an attachment area. The absorbent material has a plurality of fiber integrated nonwoven layers but are without fiber integration adjacent layers outboard of the attachment area. A withdrawal line extends from the withdrawal area and is attached to the absorbent member in the attachment area such that each of the plurality of absorbent layers is attached to an adjacent nonwoven layer in the attachment area.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems, methods and devices for determining one or more pre-existing characteristics, pre-existing states or both of a combination absorbent article and electrical circuit after connecting an electronic device to the combination absorbent article and electrical circuit. The method and system is particularly, although not exclusively, suitable for determining pre-existing characteristics such as absorbent article size, type, capacity and a pre-existing state such as whether or not the electrical circuit of the combination absorbent article and electrical circuit has been previously connected to the electronic device or another like electronic device.

Abstract: An absorbent article comprising a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet, wherein the article further comprises at least two volume indicators, and wherein at least one volume indicator comprises a masking layer comprising a water-soluble colorant and a stationary color layer comprising a permanent colorant.

Abstract: A 24-hour incontinence detection system contains a conductivity sensor being a passive device and is disposed in a vicinity of where a leak is most likely to occur. A liquid leak detection circuit is connected to the conductivity sensor and receives a resistance value sensed by the conductivity sensor. A Bluetooth transmitter is connected to the liquid detection circuit. An alarm receives a signal from the Bluetooth transmitter. The signal is representative of the output from the liquid leak detection circuit. The liquid leak detection circuit activates the alarm in dependence on the resistance value of the conductivity sensor.

Abstract: A catamenial device is disclosed. The device having a topsheet, a backsheet joined to said topsheet, and an absorbent core disposed between the topsheet and the backsheet. The absorbent core has a perimeter, a longitudinal centerline, and a transverse centerline. The catamenial device further having a visible pattern having at least one circle and at least two or more slots that are visible when viewing the topsheet.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to wearable articles having an elastic belt having arrays of elastic bodies.

Abstract: A tampon disposal device includes a tubular stiffener, and a membrane conforming to the stiffener with an opening on one end and an enclosure opposite the opening. The membrane is folded inside the stiffener into a first layer attached to the stiffener; and second and third layers that form a lip surrounding the stiffener near a stiffener rim. The second layer folds over the rim, reversing direction to become the third layer lip portion. The third layer continues inside the stiffener. A weak adhesive attaches the lip to the outside stiffener. Another adhesive attaches the first layer to the second layer inside the stiffener. When a hand grasps a tampon siring with the membrane and pulls on the string, the first adhesive allows the lip to separate and be pulled into the stiffener together with the tampon. Pushing inwardly on the stiffener seals the tampon inside the membrane.

Abstract: A plastic sheath dimensioned to fit securely and snugly around an arm or leg cast or bandage of a wearer includes a flexible elastic band at an open first end constructed with at least one expandable trough encircling the sheath, with a stretchable band looped over the elastic band and fitted within the trough at said first end, and with the stretchable band being rollable forwardly from the opened first end of the sheath towards an opposite sealed second end from trough to trough when it is desired to remove the sheath from being worn.

Abstract: A protective cover for the protection against contamination from body and/or irrigation fluid during treatment of wounds/ulcers includes a first opening to be placed on a patient and a second opening for inserting a handpiece. The protective cover includes a fluid-tight and flexible hollow body that defines a treatment chamber having a shape that adapts to motion of a handpiece. The hollow body may include a stiffening element for keeping the first opening in an open state during treatment. Additionally, a device for the irrigation of wounds or ulcers, such as for debriding dead body tissue by way of a micro water jet, may include a hand-operated lance with a nozzle for producing an irrigation fluid jet, such as a micro water jet. The lance may be inserted through the second opening of the protective cover so that the nozzle is located within the treatment chamber of the protective cover.

Abstract: A pivotal handle assembly is attached to a folding ramp to move the ramp from a raised transport position inside a vehicle to a lower, use position extending between the vehicle and the ground. The handle assembly extends upwardly in both the transport and the use positions, and allows an operator to fold and unfold the ramp assembly without bending down so as to minimize back strain.

Abstract: Cot fastening systems (2) which fix and hold an emergency cot (14) to a crash stable cot fastener track (12) provided within an emergency vehicle (8). The track (12) has a longitudinal length with front (85) and back ends (80), open side rails (28, 30) longitudinally extending between the ends, and a channel (86, 88) centrally located between the rails. The side rails (28, 30) align, accommodate and guide a forward fixture (4) of the cot towards the front end (85) as the cot (14) is rolled within the vehicle to retain the forward fixture (4) adjacent the front end (85) at least vertically and laterally. The channel (86, 88) accommodates and retains a rearward fixture (6) adjacent the back end (80) at least vertically and laterally. A securing mechanism (70,102) releasably prevents removal of the forward fixture (4) from the open side rails and removal of the rearward fixture (6) from the channel (86, 88).

Abstract: A seat unit includes a first seat frame and a second seat frame. The first seat frame is connected with a drive carrier and includes at least one first mounting portion. The second seat frame includes wheel frames and a mounting frame fixedly connected with the wheel frames. Each wheel frame is mounted with an auxiliary wheel. A space is defined between the mounting frame and the wheel frames. The drive carrier is located in the space. The mounting frame includes at least one second mounting portion. One of the first mounting portion and the second mounting portion is a rod, and the other is a receiving portion. The rod is movably inserted through the receiving portion. When the second seat frame is displaced relative to the first seat frame, the auxiliary wheels of the wheel frames can move together relative to the drive wheels of the drive carrier.

Abstract: An automatic wheelchair locking system comprising: a first touch sensor configured to detect a touch of a first wheel of a wheelchair; a first lock for the first wheel; a first motor configured to engage and disengage the first lock; at least one processor configured to communicate with the first touch sensor and control the first motor; and a memory having stored thereon instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, control the at least one processor to: in response to receiving sensor information indicative of a user touching the wheel while the first lock is engaged, control the first motor to disengage the first lock; and in response to receiving sensor information indicative of no user touching the wheel while the first lock is disengaged, control the first motor to engage the first lock.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a tilt assembly (1) for a powered wheelchair (15), comprising: an elongated base member (3) provided with an axial channel, a lifting member (5) configured to be received by the base member (3) and to move rectilinearly in the channel, between a retracted position and an extended position relative to the base member (3), a tilt frame (7) pivotally connected to the lifting member (5), the tilt frame (7) being configured for mounting a seat assembly (21) thereto, and an arm (9) pivotally connected to the base member (5) and to the tilt frame (7), wherein the tilt frame (7) is configured to obtain a perpendicular orientation relative to a central axis (11) of the lifting member (5) when the lifting member (5) is in the retracted position and to be inclined relative to the central axis (11) when the lifting member (5) is in the extended position, to thereby provide a tilt functionality.

Abstract: A patient monitoring and repositioning system includes a mattress, a sheet residing on an upper surface of the mattress, a housing containing a drive mechanism, and a sensor adapted to sense a position of a patient resting on the mattress. The drive mechanism is operable to pull the sheet and thereby pull the patient resting thereon. The housing receives the sheet through a slot. In the event that the patient is in an undesirable position on the mattress as detected by the sensor, a controller directs the drive mechanism to pull the sheet so as to pull the patient thereon from the undesirable position to a desirable, predetermined position. The controller may direct the drive mechanism automatically or indicate the undesirable position to a caregiver so that the caregiver may direct the drive mechanism accordingly.

Abstract: Systems and methods for facilitating movement of a patient transport apparatus. The patient transport apparatus has a support structure and a patient support surface. Caster assemblies are coupled to the support structure to roll about a roll axis and swivel about a swivel axis. A control system is configured to control brake mechanisms, steer-lock mechanisms, and pre-swivel mechanisms of the caster assemblies based on one or more inputs.

Abstract: A patient mobility system for early patient ambulation. The system includes a patient support apparatus having a patient support surface supported by a base adapted to rest upon a floor surface. A first actuator may move the patient support deck relative to the base. An ambulation device is removably coupled to the patient support apparatus and includes wheels, a barrier, and a second actuator. The second actuator may move the barrier to a height sufficient to prevent egress of the patient in a coupled configuration, and/or adjust a height of the barrier relative to the wheels in a decoupled configuration so as to provide a grip to support to the patient during ambulation away from the patient support apparatus. A controller may be operable to control at the first and/or second actuators.

Abstract: A surgical table comprising a base and a patient support supported between opposed ends of the base, each opposed end including a pitch/roll assembly. The base is configured such that the patient support can be rolled and pitched relative to the opposed ends via the pitch/roll assemblies such that the roll axis of each pitch/roll assembly remains coaxial regardless of how the patient support is pitched or rolled relative to the base. The patient support includes an outer frame and an inner frame supported on, and displaceable relative to, the outer frame. The inner frame is further articulating about, and relative to, itself. The outer frame is rigid in that it does not change configurations.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a massage device having a drive unit for generating a translational back-and-forth movement of the applicator along a first axis having an amplitude of 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm. The amplitude can be varied between two different operation modes of the device.

Abstract: A wearable apparatus comprises a passive artificial knee that comprises first and second links coupled at a knee joint, a passive compressive force generator coupled to the second link, and a release mechanism coupled to the first link. When an angle of the first and second links is less than a toggle angle, the release mechanism locks in a first operational mode, and the force generator compresses, resisting flexing of the second link. When the angle is larger than the toggle angle, the force generator decompresses and encourages flexion of said second link. When the force generator is extended and said compressive force is small, the release mechanism moves into a second operational mode, wherein the force generator neither resists nor encourages extension and flexion of said second link from said first link. The wearable apparatus comprises an exoskeleton trunk configured to couple to an upper body of a user.

Abstract: The progress of what has previously been considered idiopathic scoliosis it is arrested and corrected by exercises that gradually stretch the spinal cord to catch and keep up with bone growth. An inventive frame enables such exercises by precluding the movement of the spinal column that is a result of the shorter spinal cord.

Abstract: Processing circuitry provided in a mobile device of a user requiring mobility assistance is programmed to: request multimodal personal transportation assistance from a pool of candidate companions, receive a location of a selected companion and a proposed route between the user to the selected companion, and determine an estimated time of arrival of the selected companion at a current location of the user. The proposed route includes pedestrian travel and the request for multimodal personal transportation identifies any specific needs of the user.

Abstract: Example ambulation aid apparatus and associated methods of manufacture are disclosed and described herein. An example ambulation aid apparatus includes an ambulation aid body formed as a integral part, the integral part formed in monocoque construction to provide support for mobility of a user through the integral part, the integral part providing a plurality of grippable areas to facilitate user movement and support through the integral part. Another example ambulation aid apparatus includes a primary panel formed in monocoque construction to provide support for and assist in mobility of a user through the skin of the monocoque primary panel, the primary panel formed to interrelate with one or more subassemblies to provide an integrated monocoque part to assist in providing support for and improved mobility of the user through the integrated monocoque part. Example methods of manufacture are also disclosed and described.

Abstract: A rolling walker comprises a frame, a seat supported by that frame, and a backrest supported by the frame. By one approach the backrest is configured to selectively move between a first position that provides back support for a person sitting in the seat facing in a forward direction and a second position that provides back support for a person sitting in the seat facing in a rearward direction. If desired, this backrest can be comprised of a material (such as a memory foam material) that biases the backrest towards that first position when the backrest is in the first position and that biases the backrest towards the second position when the backrest is in the second position.

Abstract: A chair type massage machine 100 includes a seat part 200, a backrest part 300 which is rotatably supported at the back of the seat part 200 and is capable of reclining, a base part 400 provided at the left and right sides of the seat part 200, arm treatment parts 500 provided above the base part 400, and which move front and back with respect to the base part 400 to treat a forearm of a person to be treated, and an operation unit 700 which receives operation inputs by the person to be treated. The backrest part 300 includes a frame 310, and the frame 310 is made from a first frame 311 and a second frame 312.

Abstract: A foot therapy device includes a generally hemispherical dome element detachably connected to a support element having substantially planar top and bottom faces. In some embodiments, the support element is optionally detachably connected to one or more additional stacked support elements.

Abstract: The present invention provides an interchangeable multi-purpose healthcare apparatus comprising silicate-based ceramic materials containing tourmaline, said apparatus comprising a cylindrical bottle body (101) and different functional heads for different purposes. A top open end of said cylindrical bottle body is configured with a screw-type bottleneck (103) for connecting different functional heads according to different needs of the user. The present apparatus takes advantages of the far infrared ray, microcurrent and negative ions matching human bioelectricity which are emitted and transmitted by the silicate-based ceramic materials containing tourmaline, in association with the addition of liquids of different temperatures as massage medium, to allow suitable temperature adjustment of the user. Massage medium being functionalized by the tourmaline-containing ceramics can also be beneficial to human body.

Abstract: There is disclosed an apparatus, a system and a method for treating a sexual dysfunctional female patient. The apparatus comprises at least one expandable prosthesis adapted for implantation in female erectile tissue and adapted to be adjusted to temporarily achieve enlarged status of the female erectile tissue.

Abstract: A mechanical chest compression device is secured to a gurney, transport stretcher or ambulance cot while engaging a patient's thorax to provide mechanical CPR during transport. The mechanical chest compression device compresses the patient's thorax against the gurney deck. The mechanical chest compression device may engage the side rails on the gurney, the gurney deck or any suitable structural elements of the gurney.

Abstract: An electrical discharge device including an array of spring-load electrical contacts, said contacts electrically coupled to a multiplexer and a programmable power supply; a processor, said processor coupled to the power supply and the multiplexer; a memory, coupled to said processor, said memory including non-transitory, processor instructions operable to direct the processor to perform a method including measuring relative resistance between each pair of said electrical contacts, and applying a pre-determined electrical discharge to a pair of the electrical contacts in response to said measuring. Embodiment includes applying at least a portion of the electrical contacts to human skin substantially near an acupoint wherein said pair of electrical contacts is the pair having the least resistance between them.