Abstract: A position detection system includes a first magnet, a first soft ferromagnetic member, and a magnetic detector. The first magnet is magnetized in a first direction and generates a first magnetic field including a first magnetic line. The first soft ferromagnetic member is rectilinearly movable along a second direction and includes a first outer edge having a first outer edge part remote from the first magnet by a first distance in a third direction and a second outer edge part remote from the first magnet by a second distance in the third direction. The first and second outer edge parts are disposed at different positions in the second direction. The magnetic detector is kept at a predetermined constant position relative to the first magnet. The first magnetic line passes through the magnetic detector in the first direction when the first soft ferromagnetic member is at rest.

Abstract: A system includes a magnet having an axis of rotation, the magnet being configured to produce a magnetic field. The system further includes a plurality of magnetoresistive sensor elements, each of the magnetoresistive sensor elements having a magnetic free layer configured to generate a vortex magnetization pattern in the magnetic free layer, and the magnetoresistive sensor elements being configured to produce output signals in response to the magnetic field. A rotation angle of a rotating element to which the magnet is coupled may be determined using the plurality of output signals.

Abstract: In accordance with one embodiment of the present disclosure, an inductive sensor assembly is provided. The inductive sensor assembly includes a sensor assembly and a shaft. The sensor assembly include a transmitter coil and a two-part receiver coil. The shaft includes a first end. The first end includes a first planar surface and a second planar surface. The second planer surface extends from the first planar surface. A target is formed from the first planar surface and the second planar surface. When the target is moved about a shaft axis, the first planar and second planar surfaces modify an inductive coupling between the transmitter coil and the two-part receiver coil.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and method for detecting, determining and compensating for offset error arising in inductive position and torque sensors are described. In accordance with at least one embodiment, an offset coil can be configured for use within an inductive sensor and include a first trace and at least one second trace. The first trace and the at least one second trace may be drawn within a stator of an inductive sensor. The first trace and the at least one second trace may be drawn within the stator proximate to a pair of excitation coil connecting leads, drawn on a first plane within the stator, and on at least one plane substantially parallel to the first plane such that wherein an excitation coil flowing through the pair of excitation coil connecting leads induces an offset coil signal in the first trace and at least second trace.

Abstract: A system may include a resistive-inductive-capacitive sensor, a measurement circuit communicatively coupled to the resistive-inductive-capacitive sensor, and a filter communicatively coupled to the measurement circuit. The measurement circuit may be configured to measure phase information associated with the resistive-inductive-capacitive sensor and based on the phase information, determine a displacement of a mechanical member relative to the resistive-inductive-capacitive sensor. The filter may be configured to isolate changes to the displacement which are significantly slower than an expected change to the displacement in response to a human interaction with the mechanical member.

Abstract: An encoder includes: a shaft configured to rotate together with an object to be measured; a rotating member provided on one end side of the shaft and having a pattern formed thereon to detect change of the rotation angle of the shaft; a circuit board arranged to face the rotating member and configured to measure displacement of the rotating member; a magnet configured to rotate together with the shaft; and a power generation element configured to generate electricity by rotation of the magnet. The magnet is arranged so as to pass through a through hole formed in the rotating member; and the power generation element is arranged on a surface of the circuit board that is opposite to a surface thereof facing the rotating member.

Abstract: Mechanical gauges remain a common means to present values of a system or system component to a user. Connecting mechanical gauges to allow for notification messages to be generated, when the value indicated by a needle of the gauge is of particular interest, provides for greater usability. Illuminating a narrow portion of a gauge and utilizing a light detector to determine if the needle is, or is not, reflecting the light emitted, allows for systems to be alerted when the gauge has a particular value. Additionally, the area of interest may be further divided and illuminated by differentiated light to allow the notification to further include the direction from which the needle has entered the area of interest.

Abstract: A sealed linear encoder apparatus provides a measure of relative displacement of two relatively movable members. The sealed linear encoder apparatus includes at least one elongate sealing lip wherein at least a sealing portion of the elongate sealing lip is held in tension along its length.

Abstract: An absolute position detection apparatus includes a calculator configured to generate, based on a detection signal, a first signal, and a second signal. A relative movement range of the scale and the sensor includes a boundary between adjacent detection units in the first signal such that at least one of the boundary is included in each of a plurality of areas in the relative movement range. The calculator is configured to specify a detection unit, to be used to calculate the absolute position, in the first signal based on a code of each detection unit of the second signal in an area that includes the boundary of the plurality of areas.

Abstract: An adjustable information display apparatus for industrial, commercial, or domestic applications is described herein. The apparatus can include a band and a faceplate attached to the band. The band can be removably securable to an exterior surface of an object, such as an industrial gauge or pipe. The faceplate can be configured to receive one or more detachable components, such as one or more visual indicators or signage panels.

Abstract: A flow sensor sub-assembly includes a flow tube having a lumen, an outside diameter, a first end, and a second end. An inlet fitting includes a conical orifice sized for insertion in either end of the flow tube, such that an internal passage of the inlet fitting is coaxial and concentric with the lumen and the end of the flow tube abuts a shoulder. An outlet fitting includes a conical orifice sized for insertion in either end of the flow tube, such that an internal passage of the inlet fitting is coaxial and concentric with the lumen and the end of the flow tube abuts a shoulder. A first piezo element integrated with the inlet fitting is arranged at an upstream position of the flow tube assembly and a second piezo element integrated with the outlet fitting is arranged at a downstream position of the flow tube assembly.

Abstract: Microwave measuring arrangement for determining loading two-phase flow with gaseous carrier medium in tube of channel system (1) with small solid and/or liquid particles. Microwaves with frequencies between 0.95 and 1.05 times the frequency of waveguide fundamental wave, are coupled into an electrically conductive section of the tube/channel system (1), section being delimited by filed rods (4,4?) and acting as resonator, the shift in the resonant frequency of the resonator on account of loading of the medium with solid and/or liquid particles is determined. To suppress interference (reflected, diffracted and/or superimposed) in the tube/or channel system (1), two auxiliary field rods (6, 7 and 6?, 7?) assigned to each filed rod (4,4?) are provided, Auxiliary filed rods (6, 7 and 6?, 7) are arranged at an angle ? with respect to the field rod (4, 4?) of ?=+45°±10 and/or ?=?45°±10° and/or ?=+135°±10° and/or ?=?135°±.

Abstract: A semiconductor integrated circuit device includes a first terminal arranged to accept an external input of an analog input signal, an amplifier configured to amplify the analog input signal to generate an amplified signal, a logic unit configured to generate a digital output signal that is in accordance with the amplified signal, and a second terminal arranged to externally output an analog output signal that is in accordance with the amplified signal. The first terminal is disposed at a first side of a package, and the second terminal is disposed at a second side which is different from the first side.

Abstract: A measuring method enabling simple and accurate measurement of a flow velocity distribution in a flow field inside a flow passage of an optical cell and a particle size-measuring method using the measuring method are provided.

Abstract: A Coriolis mass flow meter, comprising a housing with an inlet and an outlet for a fluid medium, which are arranged along a flow axis, two measuring tubes configured to allow the fluid medium to flow through them in a flow direction and arranged between the inlet and the outlet and having a measuring tube circumference on their external surface, a fixing element which connects the two measuring tubes in the region of the inlet and/or the outlet in such a manner that they are fixed in position relative to one another, wherein the fixing element includes a first connecting member and a second connecting member connected to both measuring tubes, and wherein each of the connecting members rests against the measuring tubes in such a manner that a part of the measuring tube circumference of each measuring tube remains free.

Abstract: Apparatus for feeding doses of fluidisable materials comprising one upper Intel pipe (1?, 1?), one lower outlet pipe (2?, 2?) and a Pausing (6?,6?). and a fluidising element (5?,5?) for controlling outflow of materials through the outlet pipe (2?, 2?). The apparatus further comprising a control volume constituted by a chamber (3?,3?) between the Intel pipe (1?, 8?) and the outlet pipe (2?,2?) and a fluidising element (4?, 4?) for controlling inflow of materials Into the chamber (3?, 3?). A diverter (7?,7?) la arranged between the Inlet pipe (1?, 8?) and the outlet pipe {2?, 2?) defining said chamber (3?, 3?) between said Inlet pipe (1?,8?) diverter (7?,7?) the housing (6?, 6?) and the fluidising element (5?,5?). The Invention also relates to a method for feeding doses of fluidisable materials by the apparatus.

Abstract: Devices and systems compare incoming and outgoing gas and fluid flowrate measurements with each other and with additional physiological measurements of a patient to trigger an alarm to healthcare providers of an issue with a patient. The device can include a sensor that measures incoming flow of gas and fluid and a sensor for measuring the outgoing flow of gas and fluid (for example, urine) from the patient. The sensors can be connected to wireless transmitters to send data describing the flow to a computer processor. The computer processor receives the data from the processors and generates an alarm based on comparisons between the input flow and the output flow. The devices and system can be used to detect issues in a patient by monitoring a flow of intravenous fluids being administered to an amount of urine being generated. The devices and system can be used to detect issues in a patient by comparing a flow of gas being administered to a patient compared to blood gas content in the patient.

Abstract: A method of characterizing gas flow within a housing includes: positioning one or more gas flow sensors in the housing; introducing a gas flow into the housing; using the one or more gas flow sensors to generate two or more gas flow measurements at spaced-apart locations within the housing; and recording the two or more measurements to create a gas flow map.

Abstract: A paver material feed sensing system for a paving machine can comprise a sensor, sensor bracket, swivel assembly and mounting post. The sensor bracket can comprise an adjustable socket for receiving the sensor. The mounting post can comprise a first end coupled to the swivel assembly and a mounting slot located in a second end. The mounting slot can comprise a multi-faceted seat for engaging an edge of a plate of the paving machine. A method of positioning a paver material flow sensor can comprise tilting the mounting post on the plate of the paving machine.

Abstract: Pressure sensor systems for measuring a liquid pressure and deriving a liquid level from the measured pressure using gas pressure sensing devices. In one embodiment, liquid pressure results in compression or decompression of a trapped gas (as an example, air), wherein the gas pressure is detected by a gas pressure sensing device directly or a gas pressure sensing device that is protected inside a flexible pouch filled with a liquid. In another embodiment, a gas pressure sensing device is packaged in a flexible pouch filled with an inert liquid to protect the sensing device and circuit thereof from external contaminants while accurately transferring pressure from the liquid through a protective barrier. Application of such sensors in a wireless flood or a wireless liquid level measurement system is described as well.

Abstract: A capacitor fuel probe comprises a plurality of capacitor segments which are superposed on one another along a probe axis. The capacitor segments are distributed into three sets and connected electrically in parallel within each set separately. A capacity measurement which is performed for all the sets allows determining a fuel level while taking into account a possible variation of a dielectric constant of the fuel parallel to the probe axis. Top height values hn of the capacitor segments are selected so that hn?1<hn·(Kmin?1)/(Kmax?1), for any integer n-value from 2 to N, N being the number of capacitor segments, n varying according a superposition order of the capacitor segments, and Kmin and Kmax being minimum and maximum values for a fuel dielectric constant which are prescribed for the capacitor fuel probe.

Abstract: Systems and methods for remotely monitoring liquids that are stored in containers are provided. Various aspects of the liquid can be monitored, such as volume level, pressure level, and temperature. Liquid monitoring systems can be installed into each container, with each liquid monitoring system collecting information and wirelessly providing it to a centralized monitoring system.

Abstract: A pot magnet (20) for a moving coil (10) of an electronic balance operating using the electromagnetic compensation principle includes: a pot base (24) and a pot wall (22) rising vertically from the pot base, and a permanent magnet structure (26) disposed within the pot wall and having an annular gap thereto, which structure has a permanent magnet body (261) arranged on the pot base side and a pole plate (262) connected to the surface thereof facing away from the pot base side. The pole plate is fixed by a rigid mechanical connection independent of the permanent magnet body to the pot base at a predetermined distance therefrom and the permanent magnet body is bonded to the pole plate on a surface facing the pot base without contacting the pot base.

Abstract: A method for controlling an electronic scale in disclosed in this disclosure, which is applied to measure and indicate a state of an external force, comprises the following steps. A weight sensor detects the external force, and a controller drives a prompting device to emit a first light with a first optical characteristic when the external force detected by the weight sensor reaches a first weight. The controller drives the prompting device to emit a second light with a second optical characteristic when the prompting device emits the first light for a predetermined period, wherein the prompting device continuously emits the second light until the external force reaches a second weight.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of systems for measurement of weight load and other physical variables in vehicles and/or containers, comprising a system of sensing and monitoring of their conditions, instantaneous or not. Consists of an external data collection subsystem (SSI) with module with sensing network (1), signal transduction module (2) and connection module (3); of a data processing and reading subsystem (SSII) with energizing module (4); reading and data acquisition module (5); processing and memory module (6); and data transmission subsystem (SSIII) with data communication module (7). The system has advantages, does not present false sensor measurements, that allow wide multiplexing, no electricity, high signal and there is no electromagnetic interference, they are robust, do not suffer corrosion and do not fail due to vibration and mechanical impacts.

Abstract: Systems and methods for scale assemblies for providing nutritional content in accordance with embodiments of the invention are disclosed. In one embodiment, a scale assembly for providing nutritional content, the scale assembly in connection with a client device, the scale assembly comprising: a platform for receiving a food item; a pole connected to a center portion of the platform, wherein the pole applies a pressure to a surface of the client device based on a weight of the food item; a centerpiece having a hole for receiving the pole such that the pole moves vertically through the hole; at least one support leg, wherein the at least one support leg is connected to the centerpiece and provides support to the scale assembly; and wherein the pressure applied by the pole to the surface of the client device is used to calculate the nutritional content of the food item.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide systems and methods tracking the weight of an individual situated on a furnishing such as a chair or bed. One method generally includes receiving weight data at a weight sensor that is situated to recognize a change in weight on the furnishing, confirming that a fitness device is proximately located to the weight sensor, and transmitting the received weight data to a hosted service.

Abstract: A sensor mark including: a substrate having: a deep ultra violet (DUV) radiation absorbing layer including a first material which substantially absorbs DUV radiation; and a protecting layer including a second material, wherein: the DUV radiation absorbing layer has a through hole in it; the protecting layer is positioned, in plan, in the through hole and the protecting layer in the through hole has a patterned region having a plurality of through holes; and the second material is more noble than the first material.

Abstract: An extreme ultraviolet light sensor unit according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: a mirror configured to reflect extreme ultraviolet light; a wavelength filter configured to selectively transmit the extreme ultraviolet light reflected by the mirror; an optical sensor configured to detect the extreme ultraviolet light having transmitted through the wavelength filter; and a purge gas supply unit disposed to supply purge gas to a space between the wavelength filter and the optical sensor.

Abstract: A laser detector apparatus (1) is provided, where a pixel array (3) is arranged behind a lens arrangement (4) such that distant objects (9) (in general, those at infinity) are out of focus at the pixel array. The image from the pixel array is evaluated by a computer processor (6) to detect such out of focus images which will be of a known size and shape (generally circular spots of known width). This can enable distant laser threats to be readily distinguished from nearby bright objects (10), whilst also protecting the pixel array from powerful laser sources (because the laser energy is not focussed to a point, on the pixel array it is less likely to damage the pixel array). It can also enable the wavelength of the laser to be accurately determined from the ratio of colours in the image of the laser spot, because it will typically not be a saturated image.

Abstract: According to one embodiment, an electronic apparatus includes a first avalanche photo diode, a second avalanche photo diode, a first pulse circuit, a second pulse circuit, a first waveform shaping circuit, a second waveform shaping circuit and an adder. The first pulse circuit is configured to shape a signal of the first avalanche photo diode to a first pulse. The second pulse circuit is configured to shape a signal of the second avalanche photo diode to a second pulse. The first waveform shaping circuit is configured to shape the first pulse to a third pulse having a narrower frequency bandwidth than that of the first pulse. The second waveform shaping circuit is configured to shape the second pulse to a fourth pulse having a narrower frequency bandwidth than that of the second pulse. The adder is configured to add the third pulse and the fourth pulse.

Abstract: An optical head includes a first module that concentrates pump light and Stokes light on a first point; a second module that collects CARS light from the first point; and a third module that supports the first module and the second module. The first module includes: a high rigidity first frame; and a first optical system including a plurality of optical elements fixed to the first frame. The second module includes: a high rigidity second frame; and a second optical system including a plurality of optical elements fixed to the second frame. The third module includes a high rigidity third frame that fixes the first frame and the second frame.

Abstract: An optical sensor for multispectral analysis of a fluid sample comprises at least one light source, at least one interference filter, and a plurality of light detectors arranged such that light emitted by the at least one light source is incident on the at least one interference filter. There is a spatial variation in the intensity of light incident on the said at least one interference filter.

Abstract: A diagnostic system is provided with a plurality of semiconductor light emitters, each configured to generate an optical beam, and a beam combiner to generate a multiplexed optical beam. An optical fiber or waveguide communicates at least a portion of the multiplexed optical beam to form an output beam, wherein the output beam is pulsed. A filter, coupled to at least one of a lens and a mirror to receive at least a portion of the output beam, forms an output light. A beam splitter splits the light into a sample arm and a reference arm and directs at least a portion of the sample arm light to a sample. A detection system is configured to receive from the sample at least a portion of reflected sample light, to generate a sample detector output, and to use a lock-in technique with the pulsed output beam.

Abstract: A system for detecting the presence of a plant on the ground includes a light module configured to emit a light beam having a shape with a length longer than a width. The system may include one or more lenses each having one or more photodetectors. The photodetectors may be arranged in a side-by-side configuration and are configured to receive reflected portions of the light beam. The lenses may be configured to direct the reflected portions of the light beam onto the photodetectors.

Abstract: An apparatus for identifying materials. The apparatus includes a laser device adapted to produce monochromatic light in the wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 425 nm, a first set of optical components for focusing the laser light on a material sample positioned on a sample stage, a second set of optical components for transmitting light reflected from the material sample, and a spectrograph adapted to receive light reflected from the material sample via at least part of the second set of optical components and adapted to collect data in the Raman shift range of about 100 cm?1 to about 1400 cm?1. The first set of optical components includes a fiber optic cable adapted to transmit the laser light to the material sample. The second set of optical components includes an objective lens having an opening adapted to receive the fiber optic cable.

Abstract: A method is provided for Fourier domain dynamic correction of optical fringes in a laser spectrometer. The method includes Fourier transforming a background spectrum contaminated with the optical fringes to obtain baseline fringes in a frequency domain. The method includes partitioning the baseline fringes in the frequency domain using bandpass filtering to obtain partitioned baseline fringes. The method includes reconstructing the partitioned baseline fringes as separate spectra using an inverse Fourier transform. The method includes constructing a fitting model to approximate the background spectrum by assigning a first and a second free parameter to each of partitioned baseline fringe components to respectively allow for drift and amplitude adjustments during a fitting of the fitting model. The method includes applying the fitting model to a newly acquired spectrum to provide an interpretation of the newly acquired spectrum having a reduced influence of spectral contamination on concentration retrieval.

Abstract: Measurement system includes a first device communicably connected to a second device. The first device includes an acquisition unit, a storage unit, and a first calculation unit. The acquisition unit acquires measurement data relating to a physical quantity of a characteristic of an object. The storage unit stores the measurement data. The first calculation unit calculates, from the measurement data, a first value relating to a specific index for the characteristic of the object. The first device transmits the measurement data and data indicating the first value to the second device. The second device includes a second calculation unit, and a comparison unit. The second device receives the measurement data and the first value transmitted from the first device, and calculates a second value relating to the specific index from the measurement data. The comparison unit compares the first value with the second value.

Abstract: A mobile device for measuring reflectance properties of a surface includes a first imaging device comprising an image sensor and a lens characterized by an optical axis; a first illumination source having an optical axis disposed at an angle of 45° with respect to the first imaging device lens' optical axis; a second imaging device comprising an image sensor and a lens characterized by an optical axis; and a second illumination source having an optical axis intersecting the first imaging device lens' optical axis where the first illumination source intersects the first imaging device lens' optical axis, the optical axes of the first imaging device and the second illumination source defining a second measurement plane. The mobile device further comprises a computer processor and a non-volatile memory comprising computer-readable instructions to acquire data from the first and second imaging devices and derive reflectance information of the surface of interest.

Abstract: A nano-structured optical wavelength transmission filter is provided. The optical filter includes a patterned substrate on which a high refractive index dielectric waveguide is arranged. A low index dielectric layer is arranged on the high refractive index dielectric waveguide, on which an array of metallic nanostructures is arranged. The layers of the optical filter have conformal shapes defined by a patterned surface of the substrate. An optical filter system includes the optical transmission filter and a detector array fixed to the substrate. A spectrometer includes at least one optical transmission filter and/or at least one said optical transmission filter system, and has a spectral resolution of lower than 30 nm for incident light having a wavelength between 300 nm and 790 nm. A method of fabrication of an optical filter, an optical filter system and a spectrometer is also described.

Abstract: A color accuracy verification device includes: a hardware processor that: acquires a colorimetric value for each color patch of color accuracy verification charts generated by a plurality of printers; stores the colorimetric value in time series; sets a target printer to carry out color accuracy verification; and verifies color accuracy based on: the colorimetric value of the target printer stored in the hardware processor; and a verification reference value set in advance; and a display that displays a verification result by the hardware processor for the target printer.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems and methods for monitoring radial stresses in glass tubing. In some embodiments, a measurement system includes a light source delivering a light to a tube, and a polarizer receiving the light after the light is refracted through a wall of the tube. The measurement system may further include a detector receiving the light from the polarizer, the detector operable to capture a first image of the light at a first polarization state and a second image of the light at a second polarization state. The system may further include a controller operable to determine a retardation profile related to the stress profile of the wall of the tube by determining a retardation magnitude of the light refracted through the wall of the tube based on a difference between the first image of the light and the second image of the light.

Abstract: Systems and methods for thermal processing of a workpiece at low temperatures are disclosed. In one example implementation, a thermal processing apparatus includes a processing chamber having a workpiece support. The workpiece support can be configured to support a workpiece. The apparatus can include one or more heat sources configured to emit electromagnetic radiation in a first wavelength range to heat the workpiece to a processing temperature. The processing temperature can be in the range of about 50° C. to 150° C. The apparatus can include one or more sensors configured to obtain a measurement of electromagnetic radiation in a second wavelength range when the workpiece is at the processing temperature. The second wavelength range can be different from the first wavelength range.

Abstract: An optical pyrometer having a coaxial light guide delivers laser radiation through optics to heat a localized area on a sample, and simultaneously collects optical radiation from the sample to perform temperature measurement of the heated area. Inner and outer light guides can comprise the core and inner cladding, respectively, of a double-clad fiber (DCF), or can be formed using a combination of optical fibers in one or more coaxial bundles. Coaxial construction and shared optics facilitate alignment of the centers of the heated and observed areas on the sample. The heated area can be on the order of micrometers when using a single-mode optical fiber core as the inner light guide. The system can be configured to heat small samples within a vacuum system of charged-particle beam microscopes such as electron microscopes. A method for using the invention in a microscope is also provided.

Abstract: An image sensor includes on a support a plurality of first pixels and a plurality of second pixels intended to detect an infrared radiation emitted by an element of a scene. Each of the pixels includes a bolometric membrane suspended above a reflector covering the support, wherein the reflector of each of the first pixels is covered with a first dielectric layer, and the reflector of each of the second pixels is covered with a second dielectric layer differing from the first dielectric layer by its optical properties.

Abstract: A branch circuit thermal monitoring system comprises a housing and an electrical power distribution sub-system. The housing includes a plurality of thermal modules each connected with a thermal sensor assembly of a plurality of thermal sensor assemblies. The housing further includes a module rack wherein each of the thermal modules is installed on the module rack. The housing further includes a main controller configured to communicate with the thermal modules. The thermal modules are configured for individually monitoring corresponding identified connection points of interest with the attached thermal sensor assemblies such that the thermal modules and the thermal sensor assemblies provide continuous temperature monitoring of the corresponding identified connection points of interest. The thermal sensor assembly is configured to be directly applied to a connection point of interest thus avoiding any additional mounting assembly. The electrical power distribution sub-system is coupled to the thermal modules.

Abstract: A clamp fixture includes a hub extending between a first end and a second end. A first leg extends in a first direction from the first end of the hub, and a second leg extends in the first direction from the second end of the hub. At least a portion of the first leg curves away from the second leg, and at least a portion of the second leg curves away from the first leg. The clamp fixture also includes a loop with a first half and a second half. The first half includes a first jaw extending from the hub. The second half includes a flange and a second jaw extending from the flange. A fastener connects the flange to the hub such that the first jaw and the second jaw join to close the loop.

Abstract: A temperature measurement system for very high temperature vessels is disclosed. The system includes a vessel to contain a heated gas therein. The vessel includes a wall having an inner side proximal to the heated gas, and an opposing outer side distal from the heated gas. The wall includes a threaded recess, with a stud having a first threaded portion threadedly engaged in the recess, and a second threaded portion extending outwardly therefrom. A nut is threadedly engaged on the second threaded portion of the stud. A retention plate is between the nut and the outer side of the wall with a first side coupled to the nut, and a second side coupled to outer side of the wall. A temperature sensor is disposed between the second surface of the retention plate and the outer side of the wall and coupled to the outer side of the wall.

Abstract: The invention relates to heat flow measurements. In particular, the invention relates to a surface adapter (10A, 10B, 100) for a heat flow measurement device, a device comprising such adapter (10A, 10B, 100) and a method of measuring heat flow. The adapter is comprises a rim (12) positionable around a measurement head (20) of a heat flux measurement device, the rim (12) being at least partly made of resilient material capable of adapting in shape to uneven surfaces for thermally insulating the measurement head (20) from its surroundings. The invention allows for more accurate thermal flow measurements.

Abstract: An advisory element of an acclimation system for an item being shipped from a source to a destination is provided with the item being disposable in a polybag. The advisory element is attachable to or is disposable remotely from the polybag. The advisory element is configured to receive shipment information input at the source, to sense environmental conditions to which the item and the polybag are exposed during shipment and at the destination and to calculate an acclimation time for the item based on the shipment information and the sensed environmental conditions. The advisory element is further configured to provide operational guidance to a user in accordance with the acclimation time at the destination.