Abstract: A balloon catheter having a distal-end tip which, even if caught in a stenosis, will not break apart from a distal end of an inner shaft of the balloon catheter when the balloon catheter is forcibly rotated or pulled by an operator. The distal-end tip of the balloon catheter is fixed to the distal end of the inner shaft, and a connecting tube covers an outer surface of the distal end of the inner shaft and a proximal end of the distal-end tip. An inwardly protruding portion of the connecting tube is embedded into the distal-end tip. This creates an anchoring effect and increases a welding area between an outer surface of the distal-end tip and an inner surface of the connecting tube, thereby reducing a risk that the distal-end tip will break apart from the distal end of the inner shaft.

Abstract: A catheter assembly includes a catheter, a hub, and a sealing member. The catheter defines one or more lumens. The hub includes one or more hub extensions dimensioned to be received within the one or more lumens of the catheter. The sealing member is positioned adjacent the interface of the catheter and the hub. The sealing member includes an expandable material which increases in volume upon exposure to moisture.

Abstract: An apparatus is for use in connection with an implement for being inserted into a vascular space. The apparatus includes a body having a passage adapted for receiving the implement. A counter is provided for counting the amount the implement moves through the passage of the body. A kit may include a first counter adapted for use with a first device having a first diameter for being inserted into the vasculature, and a second counter adapted for use with a second device having a second diameter for being inserted into the vasculature. Related methods are also disclosed.

Abstract: A catheter securement device holds a medical article such as a catheter in position upon the body of a patient and at least inhibits longitudinal movement of the medical article. The securement device includes a retainer and a clamp. The retainer and clamp include interengaging structure. The interengaging structure may be a ratchet mechanism by which a medical provider tightens the clamp against the retainer. The ratchet mechanism allows a single securement system to be used with medical articles that have different longitudinal lengths as well as medical articles that have distally located contact surfaces. The retainer forms a channel into which at least a portion of the medical article is inserted. Each of the retainer and the clamp include at least one abutment surface that can abut against a contact point or surface on the medical article. The abutments inhibit motion of the medical article in proximal and distal directions through the channel when the clamp is tightened against the retainer.

Abstract: Coronary access and delivery systems are provided. A coronary access system can include a coronary sinus guide and a first core. A lateral vein delivery system can include a lateral vein introducer and a second core. The coronary sinus guide, the lateral vein introducer, and the first and second cores may be designed or shaped to access a predetermined position within a heart of a subject. For example, the coronary sinus guide, the lateral vein introducer, and/or the first and second cores can be used in combination to access the predetermined position within the heart of the subject.

Abstract: A catheter sheath device may include an elongate member and a moveable member. The elongate member may include a first lumen, and the moveable member may include a second lumen. The moveable member may be physically coupled to a portion of the elongate member to permit relative movement therebetween. A first relative movement between the moveable member and the portion of the elongate member may cause the second lumen to be positioned at a first location that permits delivery of at least a portion of a catheter into the second lumen but not into the first lumen from the second lumen. A second relative movement between the moveable member and the portion of the elongate member may cause the second lumen to be positioned at a second location that permits delivery of the at least the portion of the catheter through both the second lumen and the first lumen.

Abstract: Devices and methods for delivering treatment fluids or particulates such as, stem cells, drugs, Botox and like, to an inner lining of a bladder for treatment of urinary tract disorders, including over active bladder. A balloon delivery system can include an inflation balloon having a plurality of micro-needles configured to pierce and otherwise puncture an inner bladder wall so as to deliver the treatment fluid to bladder tissue. The treatment fluid can be directly injected into the bladder tissue using the micro needles. Alternatively, the micro needles can be fabricated of bioabsorbable or bioresorbable materials such that the micro needles can remain embedded within the bladder tissue to deliver the treatment fluid or particulate.

Abstract: A dual double balloon catheter includes a catheter having a proximal end portion, a central portion and a distal end portion. The catheter includes a plurality of lumens within the catheter extending from the proximal end portion, and a plurality of inflatable balloons positioned in the central portion and/or the distal end portion, and the balloons being communicatively connected with a corresponding one of the plurality of lumens to selectively inflate/deflate the corresponding inflatable balloon, wherein one or more of inflatable balloons further includes a second one of the plurality lumens associated with a corresponding inner wall of a corresponding inflatable balloon and adapted to receive a radioactive dose or a therapeutic agent for a treatment. The plurality of balloons can have varying sizes in relation to each other and also include lumens within or associated with the inner walls of the balloons to deliver a treatment.

Abstract: Methods and devices to quickly and accurately apply medication to a paranasal sinus are disclosed. Additionally, the methods and devices prevent the medication applied to a paranasal sinus from flowing down a patient's throat by expanding, using an inflation lumen of a device, an expandable member of the device adjacent to the patient's choana.

Abstract: Methods and devices for preventing fluid flow through the relatively short guidewire lumen of a rapid exchange catheter. The guidewire lumen for a rapid exchange catheter is provided with a narrowed or sealed section allowing for passage of a guidewire therethrough while preventing fluid flow while a guidewire is disposed therethrough. The narrowed or sealed section extends for a relatively short length of the guidewire lumen to avoid creating excessive friction between the guidewire and the guidewire lumen. In several embodiments the narrowed or sealed section is placed proximal of the distal end of the guidewire lumen.

Abstract: A locator as part of a toolkit for locating an implanted valve. The locator is used in concert with an indicator that nests therein. The locator has a lower ring with a contact surface, contacting a patient, a key positioning the nested indicator to prevent rotation, and a lower ring joint opposite the contact surface. Also included is an upper ring with an upper ring joint rotatingly interfacing with the lower ring joint, a flow direction identifier, and a flow setting identifier. Further, the upper and the lower rings rotate relative to each other, and the lower ring is floor-less.

Abstract: An oral disposable apparatus to deliver a fluid, e.g., pharmacological agent to a patient in a one handed easy to use and sanitary manner. The apparatus includes a container capable of holding the fluid. The container is hermetically sealed with a specified quantity of fluid. A nozzle is coupled to the container. The nozzle is configured to permit comfortable insertion into a patient's mouth. An integral valve is coupled to the container and the nozzle. The valve is configured to be activated via rotation of the nozzle, thereby releasing the fluid.

Abstract: An operation tool for a fluid injector includes an outer cylinder having a housing extending from a first open end to a second open end, and a selective transfer mechanism provided on the outer cylinder. The selective transfer mechanism moves the fluid injector from an initial position to a first protrusion position and then to a second protrusion position in the housing of the outer cylinder. When the fluid injector is at the initial position, the multi-microneedle device has microneedles retracted from the first open end and positioned inside the housing, when the fluid injector is at the first protrusion position, the microneedles are protruded out to a first distance from the first open end, and when the fluid injector is at the second protrusion position, the microneedles are protruded out to a second distance from the first open end. The second distance is shorter than the first distance.

Abstract: A microneedle device system includes a microneedle device having a sheet-like microneedle having a sheet in which one surface is a skin contact surface and the other surface is a rear surface, and in which a plurality of microneedles are formed substantially along a surface of the sheet, and in which the microneedles in the skin piercing region are raised from the skin contact surface so as to be capable of piercing skin if the sheet is bent in a thickness direction, an adhesive layer that is disposed on the sheet-like microneedle, and a liner that is attached to the adhesive layer so as to be releasable therefrom, and an auxiliary tool having a bending portion which bends the microneedle device in the thickness direction, and on which the microneedle device is mounted so as to be movable along the bending portion.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating metallic microneedles are disclosed. One method comprises providing a mold pillar; forming an apertured electrically-conductive layer over the mold pillar; and depositing a metal layer over the electrically-conductive layer to provide an apertured microneedle. Another method comprises providing a mold pillar; depositing a first metal layer over the mold pillar to provide a first microneedle; removing the first microneedle from the mold pillar; and depositing a second metal layer over the mold pillar to provide a second microneedle.

Abstract: A breathing mask which is convenient for enteral nutrition using a nasogastric feeding tube when the mask is in use may be provided. The breathing mask may include at least one nasogastric tube port. The port may allow a nasogastric tube to pass through the mask without substantially affecting the seal or pressure of the mask while accommodating enteral feeding. In addition, the breathing mask may incarnate the human-centered design to reduce discomfort in patients and is favorable for therapy and rehabilitation.

Abstract: A male-disinfecting cap is configured to couple with and apply an antiseptic agent to medical male luer-lock connector of the type including a post having a lumen. The cap includes a receiving portion which defines a chamber. The post of the male luer-lock connector is received into a single opening of the chamber. The receiving portion is configured to fit within the skirt of the male luer-lock connector when the post is received into the receiving portion. At least one vent is defined on the internal surface of the receiving portion and extends from the opening into the chamber, where an antiseptic is disposed. Protrusions on the external surface of the receiving portion engage helical threads of the internally helically threaded skirt. The male-disinfecting cap also includes a seal that prevents evaporation of the antiseptic agent in the chamber prior to use.

Abstract: The Purpose of our devise “Peripheral Intravenous Catheter With an internal Bi-Valvular Secure System” is to Avoid Back-flow spilling of blood or any other biological substance during the insertion of a catheter. Not only the Bi-valvular secure system is adaptable for the use in intravenous or arterial catheters but it can also be adapted to any type of Medical system catheters available in Medical practice due to its unique design, and without the need of changing the complete physical structure of the catheter. The present invention is for Medical field use and it provides a much more sterile and secure approach in reducing the risk of exposure to biological substances while at the same time reducing the risk of contamination to both the patient and the health care provider.

Abstract: A pinch clamp for use in occluding intravenous tubing or other similar tubing can include patient comfort features and/or lateral disengagement prevention features. These features can also be designed in a manner that allows the pinch clamps to be more easily manufactured. A pinch clamp can include a first arm that is coupled to a second arm by hinges. Each of the first and second arms can form a clamping surface that are aligned when the first arm is positioned overtop the second arm. The first arm can include opposing openings and the second arm can include opposing tabs which insert through the openings when the first arm is positioned overtop the second arm. The retaining tabs interface with the openings to prevent the first arm from separating from the second arm.

Abstract: A wearable therapeutic device includes a first therapy electrode and a second therapy electrode, each configured to be electrically coupled to an external defibrillator; and a garment configured to house the first therapy electrode and the second therapy electrode. The garment is configured to releasably receive a replaceable receptacle configured to store a conductive gel in a location proximate to at least one of the first therapy electrode and the second therapy electrode. The garment is configured to releasably receive a receptacle control unit. The receptacle control unit is separate from the replaceable receptacle. The receptacle control unit is configured to activate deployment of the stored conductive gel from the replaceable receptacle.

Abstract: In an embodiment herein, an aortopulmonary stimulation device is provided including a first electrode for placement on or in the aorta, and a second electrode for placement on or in the pulmonary artery. The embodiment includes a control unit associated with the first and second electrodes for delivering electrical stimulation to the first and second electrodes, wherein the stimulation is delivered to both the first electrode and the second electrode, or to the first electrode or the second electrode to reduce afterload.

Abstract: A lead for brain applications, comprises at least one distal section and at least one electrode, whereby the at least one electrode is arranged in the distal section and whereby the at least one electrode is connected directly and/or indirectly with at least one first connecting trace and at least one second connecting trace. Furthermore, in some examples, the lead relates to a deep brain stimulation (DBS) system.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing deep nerve stimulation to a patient includes a housing for supporting deep nerve stimulation coils. The housing includes a wall with an outer surface for being presented toward the patient to apply the stimulation. A primary coil is supported in a primary chamber of the housing adjacent an inner surface of the wall, opposite the outer surface. Ribs are disposed between the primary coil and the inner surface and upon which the primary coil rests. The ribs define channels through which coolant can be directed to cool a bottom surface of the primary coil during use, the bottom surface of the primary coil being closest to the patient side wall. The primary coil is adapted when energized to produce a broad and deeply penetrating magnetic field capable of hitting a target area of the patient.

Abstract: The present invention relates to systems and methods for management of brain and body functions and sensory perception. For example, the present invention provides systems and methods of sensory substitution and sensory enhancement (augmentation) as well as motor control enhancement. The present invention also provides systems and methods of treating diseases and conditions, as well as providing enhanced physical and mental health and performance through sensory substitution, sensory enhancement, and related effects.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for application of a pulsed radio frequency therapy in a vascular system or another cavity or tissue of the human or animal body comprising a catheter with at least one electrode disposed thereon for insertion into the vascular system or another cavity or the tissue of the human or animal body; a probe with at least one further electrode disposed thereon, wherein the probe is insertable via the catheter into the vascular system or the other cavity or the tissue of the human or animal body; and a generator electrically connected with the electrodes for generating a pulsed electro-magnetic field between the electrodes.

Abstract: Systems, devices and methods are disclosed for the treatment of injured peripheral nerves or other tissue using electrical stimulation. The systems can be used either in intraoperative or peri-operative settings and incorporate the use of either a plurality of monopolar electrodes with a patch used as return or a plurality of bipolar electrodes such as a cuff. The systems can provide hands-free delivery of electrical stimulation therapy over a predetermined set of time.

Abstract: An implantable pulse generator (IPG) for an implantable medical device is disclosed herein. The IPG is capable of sensing the presence of an external magnetic field, such as a magnetic field associated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The IPG includes a circuit that contains a magnetic core inductor and that is configured to boost a first voltage to a second voltage and use the second voltage to drive a current through a load. In a strong magnetic field, the magnetic core of the inductor becomes magnetically saturated, causing the inductance of the inductor to sharply drop. The inductance drop can be detected, for example, by detecting an increase in the second voltage. The circuit may be a boost converter circuit used to provide a compliance voltage for operation of the IPG.

Abstract: The present invention provides a portable handheld static-electricity generator and a method thereof for alleviating pain in at least one portion of patient's body, comprising: a movable brush, a polymer assembly comprising a rubbing-surface portion upon which the brush rubs and an automatically-operated mechanical unit. The polymer assembly having affinity to a defined charge such that when the movable brush rubs the rubbing-surface of the polymer assembly for a predefined time a static electricity is generated.

Abstract: A ratio of reversible electroporation and irreversible electroporation may be controlled by selecting a symmetric waveform or asymmetric waveform to either minimize or enhance irreversible effects on cells in the target tissue. Combined reversible and irreversible electroporation includes inserting one or more therapeutic electrodes into a target tissue, introducing an electroporation compound into the target tissue, selecting a pulse waveform that is either 1) asymmetric bipolar that has positive and negative pulses with different durations, or 2) symmetric bipolar that has positive and negative pulses with the same duration, and delivering to the target tissue a series of electrical pulses having the selected pulse waveform.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention provide apparatus, systems and methods for facilitating introduction of a urinary drainage catheter (UDC) into the urinary tract (UT). One embodiment provides a UDC including electrodes for delivering high frequency current to a patient's pudendal nerves to relax the urinary sphincter (US) before passing the UDC therethrough so as reduce the resistance force on the UDC and discomfort to the patient. The electrodes can comprise at least one pair of bipolar electrodes and may be flexible so as to bend and flex within the urethra. The UDC includes one or more lumens including a drainage lumen and an inflation lumen for inflating an anchoring device on the UDC. The UDC can include a pressure sensor to assess relaxation of the US. The UDC may include a second set of electrodes and irrigation lumen for relaxing the US and flushing the urethra with the UDC in place.

Abstract: An exemplary programming system 1) detects a first input command representative of a request to create a sound processing program, 2) provides, in response to the first input command, a user interface that shows a plurality of default values corresponding to a plurality of parameters associated with the sound processing program, 3) detects a changing, by way of the user interface, of the plurality of default values to a plurality of modified values, 4) detects, subsequent to the changing, a second input command representative of a request to create a sound processing program template configured to serve as a basis for one or more additional sound processing programs, and 5) presents, in response to the second input command, an option that allows the user to select one or more of the modified values to be included in the sound processing program template.

Abstract: Disclosed is a device for treating disorders of a secreting gland in an eyelid. The device includes an eyeball protection cap for covering an eyeball of a patient to protect the eyeball, and a support body for fixing the eyeball protection cap and enabling an eyelid of the patient to be located between the eyeball protection cap and the support body in order to support the eyelid in the state of being in contact with the eyelid, wherein the eyeball protection cap is configured such that the inner surface of the eyeball protection cap covers the eyeball in order to protect the eyeball and the outer surface of the eyeball protection cap contacts the inner surface of the eyelid, which is located between the eyeball protection cap and the support body, in order to provide electrical stimulation to a secreting gland in the eyelid such that a secretion is smoothly secreted from the secreting gland.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to systems and methods for multifocal direct brain stimulation to enhance cognitive processing, such as but not limited to stimulation-induced modulation of memory.

Abstract: Transvascular diaphragm pacing systems (TDPS) and methods are disclosed for providing respiratory therapy to a patient. The TDPS can provide rapid insertion and deployment of endovascular pacing electrodes in critically ill patients who require intubation and invasive PPMV in order to support the physiological requirements of the human ventilatory system. The systems and methods make best use of the contractile properties of the diaphragm muscle and prevent muscle disuse and muscle atrophy. This can be carried out by engaging the phrenic nerves using patterned functional electrical stimulation applied to endovascular electrodes that are temporarily and reversibly inserted in central veins of the patient, such as the left subclavian vein and the superior vena cava.

Abstract: Adaptive systems and methods for automatically determining and continuously updating stimulation parameters for adjusting ventilation to accommodate a patient's specific physiology, metabolic needs, and muscle state are disclosed herein. Having a closed loop implementation, the system may comprise a controller including a neuromorphic controlled adaptive feed-forward Pattern Generator/Pattern Shaper (PG/PS) assembly, which controls respiratory muscle movement using electrical stimulation. This PG/PS assembly comprises a biomimetic design where the pattern generator includes a neural network mimicking the simplified connectivity pattern of respiratory related neurons in the brain stem to produce a rhythmic breathing pattern frequency and the pattern shaper includes a neural network mimicking the simplified connectivity pattern of neurons to produce a stimulus control signal.

Abstract: A method, electrical tissue stimulation system, and programmer for providing therapy to a patient are provided. Electrodes are placed adjacent tissue (e.g., spinal cord tissue) of the patient, electrical stimulation energy is delivered from the electrodes to the tissue in accordance with a defined waveform, and a pulse shape of the defined waveform is modified, thereby changing the characteristics of the electrical stimulation energy delivered from the electrode(s) to the tissue. The pulse shape may be modified by selecting one of a plurality of different pulse shape types or by adjusting a time constant of the pulse shape.

Abstract: Methods and devices are is provided for controlling a pacing therapy utilizing left ventricular multi-point pacing (MPP). The method and device provide electrodes configured to be located proximate to an atrial (A) site, a right ventricular (RV) site and multiple left ventricular (LV) sites of the heart. The method and device utilizes one or more processors. The processors determine atrial-ventricular conduction delays (AVCD) between the A site and multiple corresponding LV sites and determines pacing latencies at the LV sites. The processors adjusts the AVCDs, based on the pacing latency at the corresponding LV sites, to form atrial-ventricular latency adjusted (ARPL) conduction delays for the corresponding LV sites, calculates interventricular pacing (VV) delays for combinations of the LV sites based on the corresponding ARPL conduction delays and manages pacing therapy, that utilizes left ventricular MPP, based on the VV delays for the corresponding LV sites.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for determining occurrences of a tamponade condition are disclosed. One exemplary method includes monitoring an accelerometer signal of a leadless cardiac pacemaker attached to a heart wall, determining if a tamponade condition of the patient's heart is indicated based at least in part on the monitored accelerometer signal, and in response to determining that the tamponade condition is indicated, providing a notification of the tamponade condition for use by a physician to take corrective action.

Abstract: An implantable micro-miniature device is disclosed. The device comprises a thin hermetic insulating coating and at least one thin metal secondary coating over the hermetic insulating layer in order to protect the insulating layer from the erosive action of body fluids or the like. In one embodiment the insulating layer is ion beam assisted deposited (IBAD) alumina and the secondary coating is titanium. The device may be a small electronic device such as a silicon integrated circuit chip. The thickness of the insulating layer may be ten microns or less and the thickness of the secondary layer may be between about 0.1 and about 15 microns.

Abstract: Systems and methods for providing a trial neurostimulation to a patient for assessing suitability of a permanently implanted neurostimulation are provided herein. In one aspect, a trial neurostimulation system includes an EPG patch adhered to a skin surface of a patient and connected to a lead extending through a percutaneous incision to a target tissue location. The EPG may be a modified version of the IPG used in the permanent system, the EPG may be smaller and/or lighter than the corresponding IPG device. The EPG and a lead extension may be sealed to allow improved patient mobility and reduced risk of infection. The EPG may be compatible with wireless systems used to control and monitor the IPG such that operation and control of the EPG is substantially the same in each system to allow seamless conversion to the permanently implanted system.

Abstract: A method for generating a stimulation program for electrical stimulation of a patient includes providing, by a processor on a display, a first grid of first pixels and a representation of a portion of an electrical stimulation lead with electrodes; obtaining, by the processor, a user selection of a first set of the first pixels in the first grid for stimulation; generating, by the processor, a stimulation program based, at least in part, on the user-selected first set of first pixels for stimulation using at least one of the electrodes of the electrical stimulation lead; and initiating, by the processor, a signal that provides an implantable pulse generator with the stimulation program. In other methods, instead of a grid of pixels, user-selectable primitives or selectable-objects are used to determine a desired stimulation region and generate the stimulation program.

Abstract: Systems and related methods for controlling delivery of a stimulus to a pinna of a subject with a stimulator worn on the pinna are described. A wearable stimulation device includes a mechanical, electrical, or other type of stimulator secured to a pinna of a subject. A personal computing device in communication with the wearable stimulation device controls delivery of stimuli and other aspects of operation of the device. In some aspects recommendations regarding neural stimuli and other stimuli or experiences to be delivered in association with the neural stimuli are provided via a computing system in communication with the personal computing device or the wearable stimulation device.

Abstract: An electronic module for a system for neural applications comprising a housing and a filtering element that form a closed, miniaturized Faraday cage a corresponding lead, active lead can, a controller and systems.

Abstract: A feedthrough separates a body fluid side from a device side. A passageway is disposed through the feedthrough. A body fluid side leadwire extends from a first end disposed inside the passageway to a second end on the body fluid side. A device side leadwire extends from a first end disposed inside the passageway to a second end on the device side. The body fluid side leadwire is hermetically sealed to the feedthrough body and is not of the same material as the device side leadwire. A circuit board has an active via hole with a second end of the second leadwire residing therein. The circuit board has an active circuit trace that is electrically connectable to electronic circuits housed in an AIMD, and a circuit board ground metallization.

Abstract: A system for providing energy to a bio-implantable medical device includes an acoustic energy delivery device and a bio-implantable electroacoustical energy converter. The acoustic energy delivery device generates acoustic energy with a multi-dimensional array of transmitting electroacoustical transducers. The acoustic energy is received by one or more receiving electroacoustical transducers in the bio-implantable electroacoustical energy converter. The receiving electroacoustical transducers convert the acoustic energy to electrical energy to power the bio-implantable medical device directly or indirectly. An external alignment system provides lateral and/or angular positioning of an ultrasound energy transmitter over an ultrasound energy receiver. The acoustic energy transmitter alignment system comprises either or both x-y-z plus angular positioning components, and/or a substantially multi-dimensional array of transmitters plus position sensors in both the transmitter and receiver units.

Abstract: A wearable cardioverter defibrillator system includes a support structure that is configured to be worn by a patient. When thus worn, the support structure may attach electrodes at different locations of the patient's body, so as to define different vectors. A measurement circuit may sense ECG signals from the different vectors substantially concurrently. A processor may multiply together these substantially concurrent ECG signals to derive a product waveform. The processor may then detect peaks in the product waveform, measure durations of time intervals between successive peaks, and determine the patient's heart rate from these durations. An advantage can be that the heart rate may be computed notwithstanding noise in the individual ECG signals.

Abstract: A wearable monitoring device is provided. The wearable monitoring device includes a garment to hold an electrode, be worn about a subject, and include an orientation circuit. The monitoring device also includes a control unit coupled to the orientation circuit capable of measuring at least one parameter associated with the orientation circuit and determine whether the electrode is positioned in the garment with the conductive surface oriented towards the subject based on the at least one parameter.

Abstract: A cabinet capable of attenuating or blocking wireless signals contains, a medical device, such as an AED, an internal directional antenna mounted to an internal surface of the cabinet, an external omnidirectional antenna mounted to an external surface of the cabinet, and an electrical connection between the internal directional antenna and the external omnidirectional antenna. The internal and external antennas are configured to transmit wireless signals at particular frequencies and to receive wireless signals at the particular frequencies. The internal antenna is a high gain directional antenna, and the external antenna is a lower gain omnidirectional antenna.

Abstract: In an aspect, a system for treating a patient in cardiac arrest is described and includes memory, one or more electronic ports for receiving signals from sensors for obtaining indications of an electrocardiogram (ECG) of the patient, one or more sensors for obtaining a transthoracic impedance of the patient, and a patient treatment module executable on one or more processing devices that is configured to generate, from the ECG, transform values that represent magnitudes of two or more frequency components of the ECG, and modify, based on at least one transform value, at least one shock delivery parameter.

Abstract: The current technology relates to a shock deferral unit that is portable by an ambulatory patient. The shock deferral unit has a bi-directional communication device configured to receive a notification of an impending shock from a defibrillator and configured to send an instruction to defer the impending shock to the defibrillator. An authentication interface is configured to receive authentication data from a user. A user instruction interface is configured to receive the instruction to defer the impending shock from the user. An authentication device is configured to authenticate the user based on the authentication data and instruct the bi-directional communication device to send the instruction to defer a shock upon authentication and receipt of the instruction to defer the shock.