Abstract: The invention relates to the field of jewelry processing, in particular to a hole positioning device for jewelry processing, which includes a main body and an operating cavity provided in the main body. A support plate is slidably disposed in the operating cavity and is located in the operating cavity. A sliding plate below the support plate, a cylinder is fixedly arranged in the sliding plate, and a through hole is formed in the cylinder, and a drilling positioning device for jewelry processing provided by the present invention can realize the ordering of jewelry. Perforating, a circulating water cooling device is installed in the equipment, which can cool the jewelry during cutting, so as to prevent the drill bit from overheating to affect the cutting effect. At the same time, the fixing device set in the equipment can easily fix the jewelry, and it automatically locates when drilling.

Abstract: To provide a rotating member that allows formation of protrusions to be dug into an opposite surface with a simple configuration, and that can prevent a direction-dependent reduction of anti-slip effect and provide sufficient slip prevention in the direction of torque as well as in the radial direction, and a method of forming this rotating member. The rotating member has a boss and an anti-slip surface on at least one of both axial end faces of the boss. The anti-slip surface includes a plurality of crater-like depressions each having a peripheral protrusion. At least some of the plurality of crater-like depressions are arranged serially to form a plurality of crater chains.

Abstract: A kit and a related method for connecting pipes, comprising: including: a tubular fitting having at least one access end for an end portion of a respective pipe to be connected; said access end of the fitting having at least one fluid-sealing gasket interposed between an inner surface of the fitting and an outer surface of the pipe; and a pressing tool configured to implement a radial plastic deformation action on the access end defining a stable coupling condition between said fitting and the respective pipe; the pressing tool comprising including at least one tooth extending radially with respect to the circumferential extension of the fitting and the pipe; said access end of the fitting comprising including at least one radial projection formed as a result of the plastic deformation action, said projection being at least partially inserted in the outer surface of said pipe.

Abstract: A method for installing a self-piercing rivet by introducing acoustic (ultrasonic) vibrational energy is provided. The method includes positioning multiple workpieces between a blank holder and a die, applying ultrasonic vibrations to locally soften the workpieces and driving, using a press tool, the self-piercing rivet into the workpieces, causing the self-piercing rivet to deform in a radially outward direction, thereby joining the workpieces together without thermal processing and without permanent alterations to the microstructure of the workpiece materials.

Abstract: A flexible friction driving device has a driving gear, a driven gear, a hexagonal sleeve, a damping ring, an elastic ring and two bearing seats, wherein the driving gear is mounted below the driven gear and engaged with the driven gear; the hexagonal sleeve is disposed between the two bearing seats, and the damping ring and the driven gear are successively sheathed on the hexagonal sleeve; a cap and the elastic ring are placed in an opening at one end of the driven gear; the elastic ring compresses the damping ring onto a cylindrical outer surface of the hexagonal sleeve; power from a motor is transferred to the driven gear by the driving gear; and, the power is flexibly transferred to the hexagonal sleeve by the friction of the inner holes of the damping ring and the driven gear against the cylindrical outer surface of the hexagonal sleeve.

Abstract: A method for producing a forged crankshaft includes: a clumping step of holding a first region by clumping a first region of a bar-like material by a pair of first dies, and a decentering step of decentering a second region of the bar-like material with second dies while the first region is held. The second region is a pin-corresponding part which is to be the pin. The first region is a crank arm-corresponding part which is to be the crank arm. The decentering direction by the second die is a direction perpendicular to each of the clumping direction of the first dies and the longitudinal direction of the bar-like material, and is the same direction as the decentering direction of the corresponding pin. This improves material yield while suppressing increase in the facility cost.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is mold material mixtures for producing molds or cores for metal casting, consisting of at least one refractory base mold material, a binder and an additive based on factice. The invention also relates to a component system, a method for producing molds and cores using the mold material mixtures or the component system respectively, and to molds and cores produced by said method.

Abstract: A sand mold shaping material contains an aggregate comprising inorganic particles, and microcapsules enclosing a binder which causes the aggregate to bind. The binder is a liquid binder that is in a liquid phase at room temperature, and is enclosed in an outer shell comprising a resin that forms the microcapsule. The sand mold shaping material is in a dry state when used to fill a molding die for shaping.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for effectively reusing the green sand that would otherwise overflow the line for molding to be disposed of, even though it is fully usable, are provided. The method for reusing green sand comprising the steps of treating the green sand with ultrasonic waves in water; separating a mixture that is obtained by the step of treating the green sand with ultrasonic waves to form a suspension and to form residual particles of the sand; circulating the suspension to then proceed to the step of treating the green sand with ultrasonic waves so that the suspension is concentrated; storing the concentrated suspension; and feeding the stored suspension to green sand by a predetermined amount when green sand is mulled.

Abstract: A method of preparing a casting article for use in manufacturing a gas turbine engine part according to an exemplary aspect of the present disclosure includes, among other things, communicating a powdered material to an additive manufacturing system and preparing a casting article that includes at least one trunk and a skin core that extends from the at least one trunk out of the powdered material. A casting article is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cluster model and a shell for the production, by lost wax casting, of a plurality of turbomachine elements, are provided. The shell includes a central sprue that is fluidly connected to a casting cup for receiving molten metal; a plurality of shell elements; a plurality of bottom feed conduits for the shell elements; and a handling accessory shell that is independent of the plurality of shell elements and of their metal supply circuit, such that there is no fluid connection to the shell elements. The handling accessory shell is fluidly connected to the central sprue so as to allow top-pour casting of the handling accessory shell.

Abstract: Provided herein is a system, apparatus, and method for continuous casting of metal, and more particularly, to a mechanism for controlling the shape of a direct chill casting mold to dynamically control a profile of an ingot cast from the mold during the casting process. Embodiments may provide an apparatus for casting material including: first and second opposing side walls; first and second end walls extending between the first and second side walls, where the first and second opposing side walls and the first and second opposing end walls form a generally rectangular shaped mold cavity. At least one of the first and second opposing side walls may include two or more contact regions, where each of the two or more contact regions may be configured to be displaced relative to a straight line along the side wall.

Abstract: A steel foam component includes a steel body having a plurality of pores. The plurality of pores forms a generally uniform pattern throughout the body and occupies at least 20 percent of a volume of the body.

Abstract: A system for feeding molten metal provided by a feeding component to a receiving component. The system comprises a launder circuit having an upstream end and a downstream end and a flow path fluidly connecting the upstream end to the downstream end, wherein the feeding component feeds the launder circuit with molten metal at the upstream end and the launder circuit feeds molten metal to the receiving component at the downstream end. The system also comprises a feed tilting mechanism located at the upstream end for tilting the feeding component between a holding angle for holding molten metal in the feeding component and a feeding angle for feeding molten metal to the launder circuit, a feeding scale for measuring weight of molten metal contained in the feeding component and generating weight signals accordingly; and a controller.

Abstract: Embodiments of a method for producing powder mixtures having uniform dispersion of ceramic particles within larger superalloy particles are provided, as are embodiments of superalloy powder mixtures. In one embodiment, the method includes producing an initial powder mixture comprising ceramic particles mixed with superalloy mother particles having an average diameter larger than the average diameter of the ceramic particles. The initial powder mixture is formed into a consumable solid body. At least a portion of the consumable solid body is gradually melted, while the consumable solid body is rotated at a rate of speed sufficient to cast-off a uniformly dispersed powder mixture in which the ceramic particles are embedded within the superalloy mother particles.

Abstract: A method of additive manufacturing is provided. The method of additive manufacturing includes depositing a layer of base material from which an additively manufactured part is produced. The method also includes dissolving a resin in a solvent to form a resin solution, and depositing the resin solution upon the layer of base material.

Abstract: A method loading powder into a mold can include immersing the mold comprising one or more microchannels into a suspension comprising the powder and a surfactant suspended in a dispersant, wherein the powder comprises particles having an average particle size of less than 100 ?m, wherein the mold is substantially entirely covered by the suspension; heating the suspension having the mold immersed therein under a temperature condition suitable to lower the stability of the particles of the powder in the suspension such that the particles settle out of solution and into the one or more microchannels; and applying an ultrasonic wave to the heated suspension to further settle the particles of the powder into the one or more microchannels thereby filling the one or more microchannels of the mold with the powder.

Abstract: An attachment device for lifting and removing build plates and additive manufactured parts built on the build plates from an additive manufacturing machine. The attachment device may fit onto a lift trolley to cooperatively engage with and lift the build plate upward off of a surface of the additive manufacturing machine. The attachment device may include a support bar, two lifting arms, and a mounting bracket. The support bar may have a slider track formed therethrough, so that the lifting arms can be adjusted to correspond with a width of the build plate. The lifting arms may each having a channel formed along a length thereof and an interfacing portion slidably located within the slider track. The channels may be sized and shaped to engage with a bottom surface and/or opposing edges of the build plates. The mounting bracket may attach to a lifting device of the lift trolley.

Abstract: Assemblies fabricated by additive manufacturing include an object and a base plate providing support to the object during the manufacturing process. The geometry of the base plate is defined to optimize space and material constraints. During sintering, the base plate is reduced in area in a manner complementing the reduction in the footprint of the object, preserving the fidelity of the finished object.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing system includes a plate, a build support device, at least one electromagnetic energy source, and one or more processors. The plate is at least semitransparent. The build support device is movable relative to the plate to move an object into and out of contact with a stratum of a powder distributed on a first side of the plate. The powder includes metal particles. The one or more processors control the at least one electromagnetic energy source to emit one or more energy beams that penetrate through the plate and impinge upon a selected portion of the powder in the stratum upon exiting the plate to form a layer of the object.

Abstract: A printing apparatus for printing a three-dimensional object, including an operative surface; a printing head comprising a frame attached pivotally to at least one control arm, wherein the frame is rotatable about an axis disposed at a point of attachment between the frame and control arm; a plurality of powder dispensers connected at a plurality of positions along the frame, the powder dispensers being configured to deposit multiple layers of powder onto the operative surface simultaneously when the printing head travels relative to the operative surface; and an energy source for emitting at least one energy beam onto at least one layer of powder.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method comprising disposing a container containing a metal and/or ferromagnetic solid and abrasive particles in a static magnetic field; where the container is surrounded by an induction coil; activating the induction coil with an electrical current, to heat up the metallic or ferromagnetic solid to form a fluid; generating sonic energy to produce acoustic cavitation and abrasion between the abrasive particles and the container; and producing nanoparticles that comprise elements from the container, the metal and/or the ferromagnetic solid and the abrasive particles. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising first metal or a first ceramic; and particles comprising carbides and/or nitrides dispersed therein. Disclosed herein too is a composition comprising nanoparticles comprising chromium carbide, iron carbide, nickel carbide, ?-Fe and magnesium nitride.

Abstract: A control device for a machine tool and a machine tool, for which settings of the number of vibrations per rotation become easy, is provided. The control device of the machine tool controls a relative rotation between a workpiece and a cutting tool and a relative reciprocal movement between the workpiece and the cutting tool in a feed direction to perform vibration cutting to the workpiece. The control device includes a control section for controlling a spindle headstock, a first tool post, and a second tool post, the workpiece W being installed on the spindle headstock, the first tool post being provided to be reciprocally movable along the feed direction with respect to the spindle headstock and installed with a first cutting tool for cutting the workpiece, and the second tool post being provided to be reciprocally movable along the feed direction with respect to the spindle headstock independently of the first tool post and installed with a second cutting tool for cutting the workpiece.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drilling tool (50), in particular a dowel hole drill, for the machining of workpieces, in particular workpieces made of wood, plastics, composite materials, comprising a drill shaft (56) with a front surface (60), and to a drill head (58) with at least one cutting edge (66), which is firmly connected, such as soldered, to the drill shaft (56).

Abstract: A turning insert has two opposite main surfaces and a peripheral surface which extends therebetween and has N side surfaces, where 2<N<9. The insert has mirror symmetry about a mid-plane and 360/N degree rotational symmetry about a central axis perpendicular to the mid-plane. The insert has two main edges which each have N main cutting edges and N corner cutting edges. Each main cutting edge has two raised edge portions and a lowered edge portion. Each main surface has N main rake surfaces and N corner rake surfaces. Each main surface further has at least N convex island protrusions and N at least partially convex peninsula protrusions, any and all island protrusions associated with a given main rake surface being located between two adjacent peninsula protrusions, each pair of adjacent peninsula protrusions having at least one island protrusion located therebetween.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide drill hole location transfer between remote components. One embodiment is an apparatus for replicating drill holes of a first workpiece on a second workpiece remotely located from the first workpiece. The apparatus includes an interface to receive coordinate data of first alignment pins installed to first template holes of a first drill plate, and a receptacle to receive a second drill plate having second template holes that match a pattern of the first templates holes of the first drill plate. A pin setting device moves a reference member in a plane over the receptacle, and positions the reference member with respect to the second drill plate based on the coordinate data of the first alignment pins, thus indicating locations within the second template holes to position drill bushings for replicating the first holes of the first workpiece on the second workpiece.

Abstract: A lubrication system for a saw may include a lubricator that is mechanically linked to a traveling arm of a saw, such as an up-cut saw. Movement of the saw blade through a first path may result automatically in movement of the lubricator through a second path transverse to the first path. This coupled movement may result in a relatively consistent distance between the lubricator and the periphery of the saw blade, especially as compared with a stationary lubricator.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an attachment for an oscillating or reciprocating tool. More specifically, the attachment is used to cut shingle. The attachment comprises a cutting portion comprising an attachment member adapted to be received by a head of the oscillating tool. The attachment also comprises a guiding portion operatively connected to the cutting portion. The guiding portion comprises at least one winglet defining a surface substantially parallel to the cutting portion and located at a pre-determined distance from the cutting portion. In use, the at least one surface is in contact with a guiding surface and trims material that exceeds the pre-determined distance as the tool is moved forward and parallel to the reference surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to an automatic sharpener for cutting teeth of a chain-saw chain of the type that has links and cutting teeth comprising a depth gauge. The sharpener comprises a receiving region comprising a chain support that can receive a chain-saw chain of the above-mentioned type, a driving means allowing a preferably automatically regulated horizontal translation, forwards and in stages, of said chain-saw received in the receiving region, a sharpener means arranged so as to sharpen the cutting teeth at different sharpening angles, after each translation of a chain-saw chain, and a means for planing the depth gauge of a cutting tooth, the planing means and the sharpening means each comprising a flat file and a round file which are detachably secured in a file carrier.

Abstract: A whirling tool for machining a workpiece, having: three or a multiple of three cutting plates, wherein each of the cutting plates comprises at least one cutting edge; a cutting plate holder having a plurality of cutting plate receptacles, wherein each of the cutting plate receptacles is configured to receive one of the cutting plates, wherein the cutting plate receptacles are disposed so as to be distributed in a circumferential direction across the cutting plate holder; and a plurality of fastening elements for releasably fastening the cutting plates in the cutting plate receptacles of the cutting plate holder; wherein the cutting plates comprise at least two different kinds of cutting plates, wherein at least one cutting plate of a first kind, and one cutting plate of a second kind are provided for each group of three cutting plates that are disposed beside one another on the cutting plate holder, wherein the cutting plate of the first kind differs from the cutting plate of the second kind by an overall ge

Abstract: Driving systems for tools used with metal-fabricating presses or other machines, whereby planetary gears are used in the systems, and whereby the driving systems can be constructed for use with particular tooling, such as tapping tools, and complementary systems can be exemplarily configured for use with such driving systems. The driving systems can enable enhanced tool output as compared to conventional driving mechanisms, while also enabling variable disassembly and configuration of the systems relative to the intended machining operations.

Abstract: An electric heating device includes a body and a heating head connected to the body. The heating head includes an electric heating wire and a heat storage member. The electric heating wire includes a first section and a second section connected to the first section. The first section is made of pure nickel. The second section is made of ferrochrome. The heat storage member is mounted around an outer radial periphery of the second section. The heat storage member is made of porcelain clay. The electric heating wire is connected by sections of three different materials so that the heating head can be raised to a very high temperature with extremely high heat generation efficiency, and the electric heating device is not easily damaged by high temperature.

Abstract: The invention relates to a soldering system and a method for wave soldering, having at least one flux nozzle and a device for monitoring a state of a spray jet of the flux nozzle.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a solder connection between a plurality of components (12A, 12B) in a process chamber (74) sealed off from its surroundings by heating and melting solder material (16) which is arranged between the components (12A, 12B) to be connected. It is proposed that the components (12A, 12B) to be connected are provisionally connected with a bonding material (18) to form a solder group (10) in which the components (12A, 12B) are fixed relative to one another in a joining position.

Abstract: A welding apparatus includes a welding power source configured to output current between a consumable electrode and a workpiece; and circuitry. The circuitry is configured to control the welding power source to repeat a sequence including: outputting a positive peak current from the workpiece to the consumable electrode during a positive peak period; outputting a positive base current from the workpiece to the consumable electrode and subsequently outputting a negative base current from the consumable electrode to the workpiece during a first base period, an absolute value of the positive base current and the negative base current being less than the positive peak current; and outputting a negative peak current from the consumable electrode to the workpiece during a negative peak period following the first base period, an absolute value of the negative peak current being greater than the absolute value of the positive base current and the negative base current.

Abstract: An example welding apparatus includes a welding power source configured to output current between a consumable electrode and a workpiece; a feeding apparatus configured to move the consumable electrode toward the workpiece; and circuitry. The circuitry is configured to: control the welding power source to repeat a sequence including: outputting a positive peak current from the workpiece to the consumable electrode during a positive peak period; outputting a first base current between the consumable electrode and the workpiece during a first base period following the positive peak period, an absolute value of the first base current being less than the positive peak current; and outputting a negative peak current from the consumable electrode to the workpiece during a negative peak period following the first base period, an absolute value of the negative peak current being greater than the absolute value of the first base current.

Abstract: A retrofit module includes at least one of a current sensing component that has a first circuit or a voltage sensing component that has a second circuit. The current sensing component and the voltage sensing component may be disposed in a torch head of a welding or plasma cutting torch. The current sensing component is configured to measure a welding or plasma cutting current of the torch head, and the voltage sensing component is configured to measure a welding or plasma cutting voltage of the torch head.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods are provided for a welding-type power system that includes an engine configured to drive an electric generator to provide a first power output. An energy storage device to provide a second power output. A controller is configured to receive one or more control signals to provide a total power output to at least one of a welding-type output or an auxiliary type output, determine proportional values for the first power output and the second power output that add up to the total power output based on a power demand signal that indicates a contribution of the first power output and the second power output, control the engine to adjust speed based on the first power output value, and control a connection from the energy storage device to provide the second power output to the welding-type output based on the second power output value.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and/or methods are disclosed relating to a welding-type power supply with a pre-regulator circuit configured to provide a pre-regulated direct current (DC) bus at two or more voltage levels, responsive to various operating conditions. In some examples, the pre-regulator circuit may be configured to provide a pre-regulated DC bus voltage at one voltage level for certain input line voltages, weld processes, and/or target weld output levels, and at another voltage level for other input line voltages, weld processes, and/or target weld output levels. In some examples, the pre-regulator circuit may be configured to provide a pre-regulated DC bus voltage for certain input line voltages, weld processes, and/or target weld output levels and an unregulated DC bus voltage at other input line voltages, weld processes, and/or target weld output levels.

Abstract: Apparatus, systems, and/or methods for weld wire preheating are disclosed. Some examples of the present disclosure relate to welding-type systems that use one or more preheaters to heat welding wire prior to an arc and/or deposition on a weldment. The welding wire may have one or more characteristics. A preheating control may determine a governing characteristic of the one or more welding wire characteristics and establish a threshold temperature and/or target temperature based on the governing characteristic. The preheating control may further control the one or more preheaters based on the threshold temperature and/or target temperature, in order to avoid a deformation and/or degradation of the welding wire that would impact column strength, wire feeding, weld process stability, and/or welding consumable longevity.

Abstract: A chassis welding device for welding brackets as standard members to a body of a chassis includes a frame, a first transferring member, a plurality of loading mechanisms, a plurality of carriers, a conveying member, a shifting member, and a spot welder. The loading mechanism transfers standard members to individual preset positions on the carrier to face the solder joints on the standard members away from the carrier. The first transferring member transports the carrier to the shifting member. The shifting member transfers the carrier from the first transferring member to the spot welder. The conveying member transfers the body into contact with the solder joints. The spot welder applies heat to melt the solder joints to bond the standard members to the body.

Abstract: An indirect spot welding apparatus includes a welding electrode that is brought into pressure contact with one of surfaces of a plurality of plate-shaped members that are objects to be welded in one side in a stacking direction of the plate-shaped members, a ground electrode that is brought into pressure contact with the one of the surfaces in the one side or another one of the surfaces in the other side in the stacking direction in a position shifted from an axial center of the welding electrode, and an opposed member disposed coaxially with the ground electrode to be opposed to the ground electrode so as to hold at least one of the plate-shaped members between the opposed member and the ground electrode, and the welding electrode is mechanically integrated with the ground electrode to be movable in a direction parallel to an axial direction of the ground electrode.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide: a roil-bonded body which is able to be suppressed in waviness in the surface; and a method for producing this roil-bonded body. [Solution] A roll-bonded body according to the present invention is obtained by bonding a first metal layer and a second metal layer with each other by means of rolling, and is characterized in that the surface of the first metal layer has an arithmetic average waviness (Wa1) 0.01-0.96 and a maximum waviness height (Wz1) of 0.2-5.0 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are systems, methods, and devices for repairing holes in weld seams created by bobbin friction stir welding tools. A hole may be created when a welding tool or, more specifically, a pin of the tool is removed or otherwise extracted from a weld seam created by the tool. The method may involve inserting a plug (e.g., a rivet) into the hole, reshaping the plug in the hole (e.g., riveting) thereby securing the plug in the component, and creating another weld seam through the plug thereby consuming the plug. In some embodiments, the hole may be reshaped prior to inserting the plug. For example, the hole may be drilled out and/or a countersink may be created on one or both ends of the hole. Furthermore, the plug may extend outside of the hole prior to its reshaping and, in some embodiments, even after reshaping.

Abstract: A laser processing apparatus includes a light source configured to generate a laser beam, and a light converging optical system configured to converge laser beam to a focal point at an object to be processed, the light converging optical system including a through-hole optical element and a composite optical element under the through-hole optical element, wherein the through-hole optical element includes a first recess portion configured as a concave mirror at a lower surface of the through-hole optical element, and wherein an upper surface of the composite optical element is convex and includes a first region configured to reflect the laser beam and a second region configured to transmit the laser beam.

Abstract: Devices and methods for processing a workpiece along a predetermined processing line are provided. The device includes: a pulsed, polychromatic laser beam generator; an optical arrangement; and a moving device. The laser beam generator generates a laser beam along a beam direction. The optical arrangement generates a focal line along the beam direction. The optical arrangement has a chromatic aberration for wavelength-dependent focusing of the laser beam and a filter for wavelength-dependent filtering of the laser beam. The moving device generates relative movement between the laser beam and the workpiece along the predetermined processing line.

Abstract: A system comprising a beam source (110) and an optical system (304) comprising first and second portions. The system further comprises first and second torque motors integrated into respective ones of the first and second portions, The first torque motor (420) is configured to rotate first portion (416) around a first axis (434). The second torque motor (426) is configured to rotate second portion (418) around a second axis (436). The first axis is perpendicular to the second axis.

Abstract: A method for joining together metal workpieces (12, 14, 150) includes advancing a beam spot (44) of a laser beam (24) relative to the top surface (20) of the workpiece stack-up (10) along a primary beam travel pattern (78) to create a molten metal portion (70) within the workpiece stack-up and, thereafter, reducing a power density of the laser beam and moving the beam spot of the laser beam relative to an upper surface (82) of the molten metal portion along a secondary beam travel pattern (84) to introduce heat into the molten metal portion such that the molten metal portion is prevented from fully solidifying and at least an upper region (86) of the molten metal portion that includes the upper surface is maintained in a molten state. The laser beam is then removed from the molten metal portion to allow the molten metal portion to solidify into a laser weld joint (66). The laser weld joint have a smooth top surface.

Abstract: The processing system is provided with: a liquid supply device which can supply a liquid; a liquid processing device which processes a liquid supplied from the liquid supply device such that a non-liquid-immersion state is generated locally in a partial area including a target portion on a predetermined surface; a beam irradiation section which emits beams toward the target portion; and a moving apparatus which moves the predetermined surface. The beams are irradiated on the target portion to apply a predetermined processing to the target portion, in a state in which the target portion is in the non-liquid-immersion state.

Abstract: A laser cutting system for cutting articles, such as tubes, and method of using the same. The laser cutting system can cut slots, holes, and/or pores into each article or tube to form filtration tubes, for example. The system includes a delivery system for delivering a laser beam from a laser source, at least one mirror, a focusing objective lens, a gas source, and a delivery nozzle. A first stage holds each article in a longitudinal direction, and may rotate the article axially during delivery of the gas and laser beam towards the article and move the article longitudinally relative to the delivery nozzle. A second stage is provided in the system for moving the delivery nozzle relative to the article being held by the first stage. A controller controls actuation of the laser beam and the gas source, and movement of the first stage and the second stage.