Abstract: A method for locally adjusting the glossiness of a printed image includes printing an image onto a recording medium in multiple swaths and locally adjusting the ink volume for each swath. A printer for printing an image onto a recording medium includes a control unit configured to perform the method.

Abstract: A dryer for use in an aqueous ink printer adequately dries coated substrates printed with aqueous ink images before discharge of the substrates. The dryer has a housing, a plurality of laser diodes, a current source, a variable electrical resistance network having a plurality of resistors, and a controller. The controller is configured to identify a plurality of ink coverage densities for a plurality of areas in an ink image that passes through the dryer, select and vary an electrical resistance of one or more of the resistors in the variable electrical resistance network using the identified ink coverage densities, and operate the plurality of resistors in the variable electrical resistance network to connect the laser diodes in the dryer selectively to the current source through the plurality of resistors using the identified ink coverage densities and a speed of the substrate through the dryer.

Abstract: Provided are an ink jet image forming method and an ink jet image forming apparatus in which a complex elastic modulus (Pa) before an intermediate image comes into contact with a liquid absorbing member is 4.0 or more in the common logarithm, and a complex elastic modulus (Pa) before the intermediate image comes into contact with the recording medium is 7.0 or less in the common logarithm.

Abstract: A method for processing water-based low-viscosity liquid inkjet inks for digital, contactless inkjet printing, wherein the inkjet ink is applied from systematically arranged nozzles in a time-dependent and location-dependent manner and divided into individual volume units, characterized in that the inkjet ink at the nozzle outlet is or is being cooled to temperatures below the temperature of the ambient air. A device for processing water-based low-viscosity liquid inkjet inks for digital, contactless inkjet printing, comprising at least one print head, whereby inkjet inks are applicable from systematically arranged nozzles in a time-dependent and location-dependent manner and divided into individual volume units, characterized in that the print head and/or the inkjet ink supplied to the print head is coolable.

Abstract: An ink jet recording apparatus of a line-recording-head type includes one or more recording heads using the same ink and performs recording of an image by conveying a recording medium using multiple passes through a recording region of the recording head while the recording medium is repeatedly conveyed backward and forward to speed up recording and improve image quality. A recording head is controlled to provide that an amount of ink applied to a recording medium in a case where the recording medium is conveyed at a first speed is smaller than an amount of ink applied to the recording medium in a case where the recording medium is conveyed at a second speed higher than the first speed in both of a case where the recording medium is accelerated and a case where the recording medium is decelerated.

Abstract: A printing system that performs printing includes a printing apparatus in which at least a part thereof is configured by a unit part which is a replaceable function component. The printing apparatus is controlled using a command group including a printer control command which is a command for controlling the printing apparatus and a unit inspection command which is a command used for an inspection of the unit part. At least a part of the printing apparatus is configured by a plurality of unit parts having different functions. The plurality of unit parts are configured to be inspected using the unit inspection command.

Abstract: A duplex printing system and method of configuring the same are described. In examples, an image, such as a test pattern, on one side of a print substrate is printed to be out of phase with an image, such as a test pattern, on the other side of the print substrate. This is achieved by adjusting a configuration of a print buffer that is located between first and second print engines of the duplex printing system. In particular examples, a length of a web within the print buffer is controlled such that the images are out of phase.

Abstract: A droplet dispensing apparatus includes a droplet ejection device, a microplate holder, a sheet stand, an image capturing device and a controller. The image capturing device is configured to move to a position above the sheet stand. The controller is configured to perform image processing on image data generated from an image captured by the image capturing device when the image capturing device is at the position above the test sheet on the sheet stand, to determine a size of each of test patterns formed by droplets dropped on the test sheet from the array of nozzles. The controller is further configured to generate a data file including the determined size of each of the test patterns. The test sheet colors or discolors at a place receiving a light-transmissive droplet.

Abstract: A droplet dispensing apparatus includes a droplet ejection device, a microplate holder, a sheet stand, an image capturing device and a controller. The image capturing device is configured to move to a position above the sheet stand. The controller is configured to perform image processing on image data generated from an image captured by the image capturing device when the image capturing device is at the position above the test sheet on the sheet stand, to determine a size of each of test patterns formed by droplets dropped on the test sheet from the array of nozzles. The controller is further configured to generate a data file including the determined size of each of the test patterns. The test sheet colors or discolors at a place receiving a light-transmissive droplet.

Abstract: There is provided a tape drive. The tape drive comprises first and second spool supports on which spools of tape may be mounted. The tape drive further comprises an optical sensing system. The optical sensing system comprises a radiation emitter and a radiation detector, said radiation emitter and radiation detector having a fixed positional relationship in use with respect to said first and second spool supports. The tape drive further comprises a controller. The controller is operative to, energise the radiation emitter to emit radiation, and determine a diameter data indicative of a diameter of a spool mounted on one of the first and second spool supports based on a radiation signal generated by the detector.

Abstract: A craftwork accessory may provide a portable and/or easy-to-use tool to help users' accurately and repeatedly apply stamp impressions and the like to items such as cardstock. The accessory may include a base portion, one or more elevated side portions and a hinged cover portion. The side portions may define a workspace for arranging the item. In operation, the item and stamp may be aligned in the workspace, during which a magnetic removable corner piece may be used to assist with alignment of the item, and the cover portion may be pressed onto the stamp to stick the stamp to the cover portion. The cover may then be opened, the stamp may be inked, and the cover portion may be closed and pressed onto the item to stamp the item. The accessory may also include fastening mechanisms, such as magnetic elements, to facilitate placement of the item and/or stamp.

Abstract: A thermally expandable sheet includes: a first thermally expansive layer that is formed on one side of a base and contains a first thermally expandable material and a first binder, the first thermally expansive layer having a first ratio of the first thermally expandable material with respect to the first binder; and a second thermally expansive layer that is formed on the first thermally expansive layer and contains a second thermally expandable material and a second binder, the second thermally expansive layer having a second ratio of the second thermally expandable material with respect to the second binder, wherein the first ratio is lower than the second ratio.

Abstract: A printing paper having a base paper, and one or more coating layer(s) arranged on at least one surface of the base paper, wherein; in the coating layer(s), an outermost coating layer positioned on the outermost side with respect to the base paper contains at least a pigment, a binder, a lubricant, a dispersant and a cationic resin, wherein the pigment in the outermost coating layer contains kaolin and calcium carbonate, a content of the kaolin and the calcium carbonate is 80 parts by mass or more based on 100 parts by mass of the pigment in the outermost coating layer, and a mass content ratio of the kaolin to the calcium carbonate in the outermost coating layer is 1:9 to 6:4, and the printing paper satisfies at least one of the following characteristics (I), (II) and (III): (I) when an aqueous solution having a surface tension of 20 mN/m is dropped on the side having the outermost coating layer of the printing paper, a contact angle between the droplet and the outermost coating layer is 40° or more and 6

Abstract: There is provided a transfer type ink jet recording apparatus including: an image forming section forming an image by applying, onto a transfer body, a reaction liquid for increasing a viscosity of ink and ink containing an aqueous liquid medium and a coloring material; a liquid absorbing section having a porous body that absorbs at least a part of a liquid component from the formed image; a heating section heating the image treated by the porous body; a transfer section that transfers the heated image onto a recording medium; and a deterioration prevention treatment section including a deterioration preventing agent applying device that applies, onto the porous body provided in the liquid absorbing section, a deterioration preventing agent that prevents deterioration of the transfer body.

Abstract: A binding method of a perfect-bound booklet includes the steps of folding each leaf of sheets forming a body to obtain multiple signatures; pressing creased parts of the multiple signatures in a thickness direction thereof; jogging a one-book bundle formed of a predetermined number of signatures forming a body, a front cover, and a back cover, or a multi-book bundle formed by stacking a plurality of one-book bundles on top of one another; applying a first adhesive that becomes flexible by its curing, in a layer in a middle area 5 to 10 millimeters from both top and bottom ends of a rear face of the one-book bundle or the multi-book bundle; applying a second adhesive on the entire rear face; and drying and curing the second adhesive for a predetermined drying time.

Abstract: An identification document includes a first layer and a second layer fused to the first layer. The first layer and the second layer include polyester, and the identification document is non-delaminable. Forming the identification document includes providing variable data on a surface of a first layer including polyester, aligning the first layer and a second layer including polyester, and fusing the first layer and the second layer to yield a fused identification document.

Abstract: A bound component has a front cover attached to a spine attached to a rear cover, a binding mechanism, and a binder extension attached to either cover. The binder extension folds inwardly in its closed position and has pockets. Also disclosed is a bound component having a front cover attached to a spine attached to a rear cover, a binding mechanism and one or more pockets attached to either cover. The pocket may have one or more closure flaps and may be expandable. Also disclosed is a folder having one or more bound edges and one or more free edges, one or more folder tabs extending from one or more free edges, and a plurality of pages bound to the folder. The pages may be bound to the folder using adhesive, string, staples or other attachment mechanisms. The folder may fit within a traditional file drawer.

Abstract: A rim for a bicycle wheel includes a radially inner portion disposed along an inner circumference of the rim, a first sidewall, and a second sidewall spaced apart form the first sidewall. The first sidewall and the second sidewall extend radially outward from the radially inner portion. The radially inner portion includes a stack of strips of material. The stack of strips includes a plurality of strips and a hole through the plurality of strips. The plurality of strips are nonparallel to each other. The plurality of strips are positioned about the hole through the plurality of strips.

Abstract: A rim for a bicycle wheel includes a radially inner portion disposed along an inner circumference of the rim. The rim also includes a first sidewall and a second sidewall spaced apart from the first sidewall. The first sidewall and the second sidewall extend radially outward from the radially inner portion. The first sidewall includes a layer of a composite material. The layer of the composite material includes fabric plies of the composite material that are shaped as strips. The composite material includes a matrix of a polymer-based material and fibers of a reinforcing material. The strips include a first strip and a second strip. The second strip is adjacent to the first strip within the layer of the composite material. The second strip is nonparallel to the first strip.

Abstract: A vehicle wheel structure comprising: a road wheel; a wheel mounting whereby the wheel is mounted to the body of the vehicle, the mounting structure comprising a wheel bearing by which the wheel can revolve about a wheel axis with respect to the body of the vehicle; a wheel cover attached to the wheel by a wheel cover bearing by which the wheel can revolve about the wheel axis with respect to the wheel cover; and a link coupled between (i) the cover and (ii) one of the mounting structure and the vehicle body for resisting rotation of the wheel cover with respect to the wheel mounting about the wheel axis.

Abstract: A wheel assembly to be coupled to a hub of a vehicle may include an inner rim to be coupled to the hub of the vehicle and an outer rim surrounding the hub. The wheel assembly may also include gas springs operatively coupled between the inner rim and the outer rim to provide a gas suspension for relative movement between said inner rim and said outer rim. The wheel assembly may also include hydraulic dampers operatively coupled between the inner rim and the outer rim.

Abstract: A bicycle wheel includes: a hub with a hub spindle and two ears disposed on the hub spindle, the hub spindle having an axial direction; a wheel frame having a connecting portion; and a plurality of spokes each having a connecting section and two support sections, wherein the connecting section of each of the spokes is inserted through the connecting portion and divided along the axial direction into a first side and a second side, one of the two support sections is connected to the first side and one of the ears, another of the two support sections is connected to the second side and another of the ears, and the two support sections are arranged along the axial direction.

Abstract: A bicycle hub includes a housing, in which a first ratchet device, a second ratchet device, and an elastic device are received. The first ratchet device is rotated freely in the housing, and the second ratchet device is fixed to the housing. The first ratchet device has a first ratchet portion, the second ratchet device has a second ratchet portion, and the elastic device urges the first ratchet portion to engage the second ratchet portion of the second ratchet device when the first ratchet device is rotated in a direction. A driving device is connected to the first ratchet device to rotate at an end of the housing while the first and the second ratchet portions are located at an opposite end of the housing.

Abstract: A method for preparing a modified rubber introduces a reactive group into a high-performance short fiber by irritating the short fiber by ultraviolet light, and modifies the short fiber by a coupling agent to increase the compatibility of the short fiber with a rubber matrix, and finally, utilizes the charge repulsion of sodium lauryl sulfate to effectively avoid the agglomeration of the short fibers in the rubber matrix, which is benefit for obtaining the modified rubber. The present disclosure further provides a modified rubber prepared by the method and a bulletproof and puncture resistant tire prepared by the modified rubber, wherein a buffer layer is made by the modified rubber, and at least one of a tread, a belt ply and an inner liner is made by the modified rubber, and a cord ply is woven by twisted high-performance long fibers.

Abstract: A resin-metal composite member for a tire, the member including: a metal member; an adhesive layer; and a covering resin layer in this order, wherein: the adhesive layer includes a continuous phase containing a polyester-based thermoplastic elastomer having a polar functional group, and a discontinuous phase containing a styrene-based elastomer, and a ratio of the continuous phase with respect to an entirety of the adhesive layer is from 60% by mass to 93% by mass.

Abstract: A wheel for a vehicle (e.g., a construction vehicle, an all-terrain vehicle, or other off-road vehicle) or other device, in which the wheel comprises a non-pneumatic tire that may be designed to enhance its use and performance, including, for example, to be able to be used longer and/or in more challenging conditions, such as, for instance, by being more resistant to cracking or other damage which could lead to premature failure (e.g., due to manufacturing artifacts and/or rocks and other hazards that can cut, chip, or tear it during use). The non-pneumatic tire comprises an annular beam configured to deflect at a contact patch of the non-pneumatic tire and an annular support extending radially inwardly from the annular beam and configured to support loading by tension. An elastomeric material of at least one of the annular beam and the annular support may have selected properties, including greater crack propagation resistance when subject to tensile stress.

Abstract: A tire including an annular tire frame composed of a plurality of kinds of resin materials, wherein an Asker D hardness Hi of a side portion of the tire frame, which side portion is to be located on an inner side in a vehicle width direction when the tire is mounted on a vehicle, is 0.84 times or more but less than 1.00 times an Asker D hardness Ho of a side portion of the tire frame, which side portion is to be located on an outer side in the vehicle width direction when the tire is mounted on the vehicle.

Abstract: A tire including an annular tire frame composed of a plurality of resin materials, wherein an Asker D hardness Ho of a side portion of the tire frame, which side portion is to be located on an outer side in a vehicle width direction when the tire is mounted on a vehicle, is lower than an Asker D hardness Hi of a side portion of the tire frame, which side portion is to be located on an inner side in the vehicle width direction when the tire is mounted on the vehicle, and wherein a resin contained as a main component in a resin material constituting the side portion of the tire frame, which side portion is to be located on the inner side in the vehicle width direction when the tire is mounted on the vehicle, has a melting point of 140° C. or higher, or does not have a melting point and has a glass transition point of 40° C. or higher.

Abstract: The pneumatic tire according to the disclosure includes a resin-coated belt comprising a wire coated with a coating resin. A base ring is formed at a tire radial inside of the resin-coated belt, while being in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt. A concavo-convex portion is formed on at least one of surfaces of the base ring.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire of the present disclosure comprises a resin-coated belt, a base ring that comes in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt is provided on a tire radial inside of the resin-coated belt, the base ring has a tire widthwise outer end located on an outer side of the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt in a tire width direction, and comprises an auxiliary belt that covers a tire radial outside of the base ring in a tire widthwise region from the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt to at least a part of a tire widthwise outside, and that covers a tire radial outside of the resin-coated belt in a tire widthwise region from the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt to at least a part of a tire widthwise inside.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire of the present disclosure includes a resin-coated belt comprising a wire coated with a coating resin, and a base ring formed at a tire radial inner side of the resin-coated belt. The base ring is in contact with a tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt. An outer end of the base ring in a tire width direction is positioned in the tire width direction outside the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt. The base ring includes a rigidity reduction portion of the base ring at a portion in the tire width direction outside the tire widthwise outer end of the resin-coated belt. The rigidity reduction portion has rigidity reduced from a tire widthwise inner side to a tire widthwise outer side.

Abstract: A tire that has a spiral cord layer including reinforcing cords on a tire crown portion to inhibit breakage of the reinforcing cords caused by a projection input given to an end of the spiral cord layer during running. The tire includes: a carcass toroidally extending between a pair of bead portions; and a spiral cord layer 1 disposed tire-radially outside the crown portion of the carcass and including an upper layer and a lower layer that are formed by spirally winding the reinforcing cords. An auxiliary belt layer is disposed tire-radially outside the spiral cord layer and an angle of belt cords in the auxiliary belt layer with respect to a tire circumferential direction is in a range of 0° to 45°.

Abstract: Provided is a tire in which a tread half portion has a circumferential groove and land portions, an outline of a tread surface of the tread half portion includes circular arcs, the circular arc having a minimum radius of curvature is present within the outline of the land portion adjacent to a tread edge, the tread half portion has a base rubber layer, and a cap rubber layer, the base rubber layer has a lower storage modulus than the cap rubber layer, and an end of the layer in a tire width direction on a tread edge side is located in a region extending as much as 0.06 times a ground contact width of the tread half portion on each of both tire widthwise sides of a center of a tire widthwise length of an outline portion occupied by the circular arc having the minimum radius of curvature.

Abstract: A tire comprising a tread is provided, the tread having a first rib and a second rib. A plurality of axial grooves traverse each rib, dividing each rib into a plurality of tread blocks. Further, each tread block includes one or more block sidewalls and a block tread surface. A circumferential groove is positioned between the first rib and the second rib, which includes a groove bottom bound by the one or more block sidewalls. In addition, a first protrusion is positioned on a first block sidewall of a tread block of the first rib, wherein the first protrusion has a first top surface, and the first top surface is radially offset from the block tread surface. Further, the first protrusion has a first radial surface that extends radially inward from the first top surface at a first angle.

Abstract: A tyre includes a tread portion including a first middle land portion, a second middle land portion, a first shoulder land portion, and a second shoulder land portion. The first middle land portion is provided with first middle lateral grooves terminating within the first middle land portion, the second middle land portion is provided with second middle lateral grooves terminating within the second middle land portion, the first shoulder land portion is provided with first shoulder lateral grooves, and the second shoulder land portion is provided with second shoulder lateral grooves. The first middle lateral grooves and the second middle lateral grooves are inclined in a first direction with respect to the tyre axial direction, and the first shoulder lateral grooves and the second shoulder lateral grooves are inclined in a second direction opposite to the first direction with respect to the tyre axial direction.

Abstract: The present disclosure concerns tire treads including one or more particular void features. These void features include a submerged void portion (22) and a connecting portion (24). The submerged void portion (22) is submerged within a thickness of the tread. The connecting portion (24) forms a passage extending from an orifice (28) arranged along the outer side of the tread and is in fluid communication with the submerged void portion (22). The connecting portion (24) includes an outer tapering portion (26) that tapers inwardly from the orifice (28) to a narrowed portion (30) of the connecting portion (24) or passage.

Abstract: A sipe formed in a block of a pneumatic tire includes a first inclined portion inclined against a tire radial direction, a second inclined portion formed at an outer side in the tire radial direction with respect to the first inclined portion and inclined in a direction opposite to the first inclined portion with respect to the tire radial direction, a bent portion communicated with the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion and bent to be protruded toward a direction in which a gap between the first inclined portion and the second inclined portion becomes narrow, and a widened portion formed at an inner side in the tire radial direction with respect to the first inclined portion and widened in a groove width more than the first inclined portion. The widened portion is communicated with the first inclined portion and formed at a side of the bent portion with respect to an extension line of the first inclined portion.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire 1 comprises a tread portion. The tread portion 2 is provided with a plurality of oblique main grooves 3 and oblique land regions 4. The oblique land regions 4 each divided by a first vertical groove 6 into a shoulder block 10 and a middle block 11 disposed axially inside thereof. The shoulder block is provided with a plurality of transverse sipes 15 whose angles with respect to the tire axial direction are less than 45 degrees. The middle block 11 is provided with a plurality of vertical sipes 16 whose angles with respect to the tire circumferential direction is less than 45 degrees.

Abstract: A stud pin includes a tip, a body portion that supports the tip, and a lower flange connected to the body portion at an end on an opposite side to the end surface. A profile shape of the lower flange and a body profile shape of the body portion are anisotropic shape. The flange profile shape includes four or more first flange protrusion portions projecting toward the longitudinal direction and two second flange protrusion portions projecting toward the lateral direction. The body profile shape includes four or more first body protrusion portions projecting toward the lateral direction and two second body protrusion portions projecting toward the longitudinal direction.

Abstract: A tire includes a tread, a sidewall extending from one edge of the tread approximately in a radially inward direction to a bead structure, and a carcass extending along an axially inner side of the sidewall to the bead structure. The carcass includes a first ply and a second ply extending radially inward from the sidewall to a terminal end directly adjacent the bead structure. The bead structure includes a circumferentially extending bead core axially inward of the sidewall, a chafer extending radially inward toward the bead core, an apex abutting the bead core, and an inner stiffener member disposed between the first ply and the apex, the inner stiffener member extending radially outward from a location proximate the bead core to a location radially outward from the apex.

Abstract: In a pneumatic tire, a sponge member extending in a tire circumferential direction is attached around an entire circumference of a tire inner peripheral surface of a tread portion. The sponge member includes at least: a first sponge layer; a second sponge layer laminated inward of the first sponge layer in a tire radial direction; and a third sponge layer laminated inward of the second sponge layer in the tire radial direction. Each of the first sponge layer and the third sponge layer has a smaller expansion ratio than an expansion ratio of the second sponge layer.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire has: a noise suppressing member that has a mounting portion that is plate-shaped and that is fixed to a tire inner surface, a convex portion that is plate-shaped and is curved convexly from the mounting portion toward an inner side in a tire radial direction, and a bent portion that is formed at a boundary between the mounting portion and the convex portion, wherein a plate thickness of the bent portion and a vicinity thereof is thicker than a plate thickness of another region of the noise suppressing member.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire 1 includes a carcass 6 extending between bead cores of bead portions via a tread portion 2 and sidewall portions, and a belt layer 7 arranged on an outer side in a tire radial direction of the carcass 6 and inside the tread portion 2. The pneumatic tire 1 has a noise damper 20 arranged on an inner cavity surface of the tread portion 2. Glass transition temperature of the noise damper 20 is in a range of from ?55 degrees Celsius to ?45 degrees Celsius.

Abstract: A pneumatic tire with a noise-absorbing member includes a pneumatic tire and a noise-absorbing member. The pneumatic tire is provided with a spiral belt layer at an outer peripheral side of a tire carcass member. A cord of the spiral belt layer is wound in a helical shape. The noise-absorbing member is attached to an inner peripheral face of the pneumatic tire. Outermost end portions at both sides in the tire width direction of the noise-absorbing member are disposed in a region corresponding to from 80% to 100% of a width dimension BW of the spiral belt layer. The noise-absorbing member absorbs cavity resonance noise produced in a cavity of the pneumatic tire.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a rim, a tire, and an energy harvesting component. The rim is configured to rotate and move. The tire is coupled to the rim. The tire when inflated is configured to transfer force to the rim resulting from compressive force acting on a portion of the tire making contact with a road. The energy harvesting component is positioned on the rim and configured to capture a kinetic energy in response to the compressive force acting on the portion of the tire making contact with the road as the rim rotates.

Abstract: A tire-side apparatus includes: a first storage unit storing an identifier for identifying the tire-side apparatus. A signal reception strength measurement unit measures signal reception strengths of measurement signals. A specification unit specifies the number of received measurement signals. A second storage unit stores the number of the received measurement signals transmitted sequentially from a vehicle body-side apparatus to tire-side apparatuses corresponding to a plurality of tires, and a signal reception order in which the measurement signal with the highest signal reception strength among the received measurement signals was received.

Abstract: The present invention regards a machine for mounting and/or removing tyred wheels for vehicles including a framework, means for driving a wheel in rotation, a first arm extending or supported by the framework and a first mounting and/or removal tool supported by the first arm.

Abstract: A coupling system includes a coupling member configured to couple to a connection mechanism that couples a motor vehicle to transportation equipment, and a pin, coupled to the coupling member through a tether, configured to be inserted into an aperture of the connection mechanism.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle control system, a vehicle control method, and an image sensor, the vehicle control system including: an image sensor disposed on the vehicle to have a field of view of an outside of the vehicle to capture image data; at least one non-image sensor disposed on the vehicle to have a field of sensing of the outside of the vehicle to capture sensing data; at least one processor configured to process the image data captured by the image sensor and the sensing data captured by the non-image sensor; and a controller configured to determine a chance of a collision with an obstacle with respect to a rear side warning determination reference area that is changed depending on whether a trailer is mounted on the vehicle, on the basis of at least part of processing at least one of the image data and the sensing data.

Abstract: A hitch and ball alignment device for aligning a tow ball with a trailer tongue includes a first sensing unit and a controller. The first sensing unit comprises a first sensor, which is position type, and a first transmitter. A first coupler is coupled to the first sensing unit and is configured to removably couple the first sensing unit to one of a tow ball, which is coupled to a vehicle, and a trailer tongue. The controller comprises a screen and a receiver. The first sensor is configured to determine a distance between the first sensing unit and the other of the tow ball and the trailer tongue and to signal the controller via the first transmitter. The controller is positioned display the positions of the tow ball and the trailer tongue on the screen to guide a user to align the tow ball with the trailer tongue.