Abstract: The present application provides for use of a somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) during the hyperacute stroke phase as marker for predicting the outcome of endovascular treatment in a patient suffering from acute ischemic stroke, wherein when the SEP ipsilateral to the stroke site has an amplitude from 60% to 100% with respect to the corresponding SEP contralateral to the stroke site this is indicative of good outcome of the endovascular treatment, whereas when the SEP ipsilateral to the stroke site has an amplitude from 0% to 20% with respect to the corresponding SEP contralateral to the stroke site this is indicative of bad outcome of the endovascular treatment.

Abstract: Mechanisms are provided to implement an automated echocardiograph measurement extraction system. The automated echocardiograph measurement extraction system receives medical imaging data comprising one or more medical images and inputs the one or more medical images into a deep learning network. The deep learning network automatically processes the one or more medical images to generate an extracted echocardiograph measurement vector output comprising one or more values for echocardiograph measurements extracted from the one or more medical images. The deep learning network outputs the extracted echocardiograph measurement vector output to a medical image viewer.

Abstract: The present invention provides a bio-electrode composition including (A) an ionic material and (C) a metal powder, wherein the component (A) is a polymer compound containing a repeating unit-a having a structure selected from the group consisting of an ammonium salt, a sodium salt, a potassium salt, and a silver salt of any of fluorosulfonic acid, fluorosulfonimide, and fluorosulfonamide. This can form a living body contact layer for a bio-electrode that is excellent in electric conductivity and biocompatibility, light-weight, manufacturable at low cost, and free from large lowering of the electric conductivity even though it is wetted with water or dried.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a cardiac mapping system includes a medical examination device to capture data over time at multiple sample locations over a surface of at least one chamber of a heart, a display screen, and processing circuitry to process the captured data to determine a description of a propagation of activation wavefronts associated with activation times over the surface of the at least one chamber of the heart, calculate activation wavefront propagation path traces wherein each path trace describes a point on one activation wavefront being propagated over the surface of the at least one chamber of the heart according to an advancement of the activation wavefront such that the path traces describe the propagation of different points according to corresponding activation wavefronts, prepare a visualization showing the path traces on a representation of the at least one chamber, and render the visualization to the display screen.

Abstract: Systems and methods for tracking dynamic structure in physiological data are provided. In some aspects, the method includes providing physiological data, including electroencephalogram (“EEG”) data, acquired from a subject and assembling a time-frequency representation of signals from the physiological data. The method also includes generating a dynamic model of at least one non-stationary spectral feature, such as at least one non-stationary spectral peak, using the time-frequency representation and a user indication, and applying a dynamic model of at least one non-stationary spectral feature in a parameter estimation algorithm to compute concurrent estimates of spectral parameters describing the at least one non-stationary spectral feature. The method also includes tracking the spectral parameters of the at least one spectral feature over time.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, computer program product and computing system for receiving a single-lead heartbeat waveform for a user; associating a heart health indicator with the single-lead heartbeat waveform; and providing the heart health indicator to a recipient.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, computer program product and computing system for receiving a single-lead heartbeat waveform for a user obtained via a differential voltage potential measurement concerning the heart of the user; associating a heart health indicator with the single-lead heartbeat waveform; and providing the heart health indicator to the user.

Abstract: In an example, an electrode array for selective electrical sensing in patient tissue is described. The electrode array comprises an elongate base and a plurality of elongate fingers. Each finger is attached to and extends longitudinally from a distal end of the base. When at least a portion of the electrode array is in a spatulate use configuration, each finger terminates in a free end spaced longitudinally from the base and spaced laterally apart from adjacent free ends of other fingers. A plurality of electrode pairs is distributed along a contact surface of each finger. Respective electrodes in each of the electrode pairs of each finger are spaced from one another. The electrode pairs of each finger are both longitudinally and laterally spaced from electrode pairs of adjacent fingers when in the spatulate use configuration. An example method of selectively sensing electrical activity at a target body tissue is described.

Abstract: A system obtains a maternal electrocardiogram (ECG) signal that represents an ECG of a pregnant mother during a first time interval. The system further obtains a mixed maternal-fetal ECG signal that represents a combined ECG of the mother and her fetus during the first time interval; processes the maternal ECG signal and the mixed maternal-fetal ECG signal to generate a fetal ECG signal that represents the ECG of the fetus during the time interval, the fetal ECG signal substantially excluding the maternal ECG signal; and provides an output based on the fetal ECG signal.

Abstract: A computer-implemented method, computer program product and computing system for receiving a plurality of specimen waveform records, wherein each specimen waveform record includes a specimen heartbeat waveform and a related clinical heart health diagnosis, and each specimen heartbeat waveform includes a plurality of discrete waveform portions; and associating at least one of the plurality of discrete waveform portions of each specimen heartbeat waveform with the related clinical heart health diagnosis to generate a dataset that defines such associations between discrete waveform portions and clinical heart health diagnoses.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, software, and methods for calculating a pulse deficit value of a subject, such as a subject afflicted with a hemodynamic disorder. The devices and apparatuses described herein can include a monitor, at least one ECG sensor, and at least one pulse sensor, where the at least one ECG sensor and the at least one pulse sensor are connected to the monitor, where the monitor converts data collected from the at least one ECG sensor into a value representing depolarization cycle rate, where the monitor is configured to calculate the pulse deficit value based on a number of measured points in time where a difference between the value representing depolarization cycle rate and the value representing pulsation rate exceeds a threshold value, which threshold value is calculated as a fraction of a total number of measured points in time, and where the threshold value is indicative of unacceptable pulse deficit.

Abstract: Medical device systems and methods for operating medical device systems conserve energy by efficiently managing computational demands of the systems. A first analysis, having relatively lower computational processing demand than at least a second analysis, processes signals from a subject to determine a first estimate of a propensity for the subject to have a neurological event. If the first estimate meets a set of specified criteria, a second analysis is performed to determine a second estimate of the propensity for the subject to have a neurological event.

Abstract: A method, including, receiving a first group of electrocardiograph (ECG) signals derived from a single heartbeat and generated at a respective plurality of electrodes on a catheter in a heart of a subject, formulating a template relating times of annotations of the first group of the ECG signals, and assigning the template an index. The method further includes receiving a second group of ECG signals derived from a subsequent single heartbeat and generated at the electrodes, calculating times of annotations of the second group, formulating a comparison between the template and the times of annotations of the second group, and, when the comparison indicates that the times of annotations of the second group correspond to the template, assigning the index to the second group of ECG signals, and presenting graphically on a display an occurrence of the template relative to a timeline representing heartbeats from the heart.

Abstract: A method for monitoring an intrabody region of a patient. The method comprises intercepting electromagnetic (EM) radiation from the intrabody region in a plurality of EM radiation sessions during a period of at least 6 hours, calculating a dielectric related change of the intrabody region by analyzing respective the intercepted EM radiation, detecting a physiological pattern according to said dielectric related change and outputting a notification indicating the physiological pattern.

Abstract: A method for precision cancer treatment by identifying drug resistance is provided.

Abstract: There are disclosed methods and apparatus for determining electrical properties in a peripheral nerve of a human or animal subject. A plurality of electrodes are spaced around a perimeter of the peripheral nerve, and a phase separated pair of first and second probe electrical signals are applied simultaneously to a set of respective first and second combinations of electrodes, the phase separated pair of first and second probe electrical signals having different signal phases from each other. One or more combined responses to the phase separated pair are collected at one or more of the plurality of electrodes, and a pair of phase separated electrical responses are collected corresponding to the different signal phases from the one or more combined responses. The pair of phase separated electrical responses are used to determine electrical properties of the peripheral nerve within the perimeter.

Abstract: A probe for use in performing impedance measurements on a biological subject is described. The probe can include a housing configured to be held by an operator in use, a conductive contact surface for contacting the subject and a connector for connecting the contact surface to a measuring device. The probe can be configured to act as an electrode that can be moved over the subject when performing an impedance measurement procedure.

Abstract: A method for determining the hydration, fitness and/or nutrition status of a human body, or of segments of the human body, comprises providing values each of a mass or volume fraction of intracellular water and a mass or volume fraction of extracellular water of the human body or the segment, defining a two-dimensional parameter space, determining a reference line within the parameter space, locating a position within the parameter space which corresponds to the associated values of the mass or volume fraction of intracellular water and the mass or volume fraction of extracellular water of the human body or the segment, determining a distance between the position and the reference line, and deriving a mass or volume, or a mass or volume fraction, of hydration from the determined distance from the reference line for the human body or the segment.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a system for localizing the position of an endovascular probe and collecting high-resolution images of the anatomy surrounding the probe. In particular, a switchable endovascular imaging antenna/probe and related devices are disclosed, which are conveniently switchable between a configuration that allows the localization with high precision of the distal tip of an endovascular probe, and another configuration that allows imaging in the locality of the probe tip. Embodiments are also disclosed capable of delivering ablation therapy.

Abstract: An animal monitoring device configured as a bolus for oral administration to reside in an animal's stomach. The bolus has a substantially inert solid body with a hollow inside space to receive the animal monitoring device. The animal monitoring device includes a radio frequency generator, an animal identification information encoder for outputting the animal identification information of the particular animal. The animal monitoring device can further include sensors to detect physiological and non-physiological animal characteristics such as temperature and a sensed animal characteristic encoder for outputting sensed animal characteristic information.

Abstract: Implementations described herein include surgical distraction devices having a distal movement assembly having a pusher plate comprising a first slot extending along a first axis disposed in a first side and a second slot extending along a second axis disposed in a second side thereof. The first axis is oriented at an angle of from about 60 to about 160 degrees from the second axis. The device further includes a first and second paddles, each paddle having a corresponding engagement mechanism for movably coupling the respective first or second paddle to the pusher plate when engaged in the respective slot. Rotational actuation of the proximal drive assembly causes proximal or distal movement of the pusher plate, causing the first and second engagement members to move relative to their respective slots, thereby moving the first paddle and the second paddle in opposing directions. Methods of using such surgical distraction devices to determine size of an intervertebral space are also described.

Abstract: A device for monitoring breathing or movement of a living being. The device includes a sensor having a conductive elastomer having a variable resistance and a textile engaged to the sensor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cardio-pulmonary health monitoring apparatus. The apparatus comprises a contactless motion sensor configured to generate one or more movement signals representing bodily movement of a patient during a monitoring session; a processor; and a memory storing program instructions configured to cause the processor to carry out a method of processing the one or more movement signals. The method comprises extracting one or more sleep disordered breathing features from the one or more movement signals, and predicting whether a clinical event is likely to occur during a predetermined prediction horizon based on the one or more sleep disordered breathing features.

Abstract: A sensing device for detecting an artificially induced neuromuscular response within a limb of a subject includes a plurality of mechanical sensors, wireless communication circuitry, and a processor in electrical communication with each of the plurality of mechanical sensors and wireless communication circuitry. Each sensor is operative to monitor a mechanical response of a different muscle group of the limb and generate a mechanomyography (MMG) output signal corresponding to the monitored motion. The processor receives and buffers a portion of each MMG output signal, determines if the MMG output signal from any one or more of the plurality of mechanical sensors is representative of an artificially induced neuromuscular response, and transmits one or more of the buffered MMG output signals to a host system only if the output signal from one or more of the sensors is determined to be representative of an artificially induced neuromuscular response.

Abstract: Disclosed is apparatus and method for motion tracking of a subject in medical brain imaging. The method comprises providing a light projector and a first camera; projecting a first pattern sequence (S1) onto a surface region of the subject with the light projector, wherein the subject is positioned in a scanner borehole of a medical scanner, the first pattern sequence comprising a first primary pattern (P1,1) and/or a first secondary pattern (P1,2); detecting the projected first pattern sequence (S1?) with the first camera; determining a second pattern sequence (S2) comprising a second primary pattern (P2,1) based on the detected first pattern sequence (S1?); projecting the second pattern sequence (S2) onto a surface region of the subject with the light projector; detecting the projected second pattern sequence (S2?) with the first camera; and determining motion tracking parameters based on the detected second pattern sequence (S2?).

Abstract: A patient monitoring system is presented. Pressure change indications from a pressure-sensitive sensor pad are transmitted to a monitoring alert apparatus as patient status signals. The monitoring alert apparatus uses the received patient status signals to determine one or more patient statuses, which may include sleep safety assessment, durations of pressure contacts, blood oxygen level, breathing rates, heart rates, blood pressure, brief wetness, etc. The sleep safety assessment and the duration of pressure contacts are determined based on pressure changes detected at different pressure-sensitive sensing zones of the pressure-sensitive sensor pad. The monitoring alert apparatus determines whether to generate one or more alerts based on the determined patient statuses.

Abstract: A patient monitor for monitoring a patient's orientation to reduce a risk of the patient developing a pressure ulcer can include one or more hardware processors that can receive and process data from a sensor to determine the patient's orientation. The one or more hardware processors can maintain a plurality of timers associated with available orientations of the patient. Each of the plurality of timers can account for a non-consecutive duration said patient is in an associated available orientation. The non-consecutive duration can vary depending on whether a patient is in the available orientation. The patient monitor can include a structured display including an orientation trend and a patient representation illustrating a current orientation of the patient. The orientation trend can include a heat map that graphically illustrates said non-consecutive durations of the patient in the available orientations and/or an orientation graph that displays the patient' orientation history.

Abstract: A system, method and apparatus that is capable of automatically detecting and classifying various physical activities of a user. This enables such activities to be analyzed, for example according to the complexity of the activity and the amount of time spent in each activity. A barcode may be calculated, according to the various activities of the user, the amount of time spent in each activity and optionally also the complexity of each such activity.

Abstract: A measurement unit is attached to a measurement target person and measures an acceleration. A body motion calculation unit obtains the magnitude of a body motion of the measurement target person based on the acceleration measured by the measurement unit. An activity state determination unit time-serially obtains an activity state representing whether the measurement target person is in a first state or a second state, based on a posture decided by a posture decision unit and the magnitude of the body motion calculated by the body motion calculation unit. If the activity state after continues for a predetermined time defined in advance, an activity state correction unit determines that the transition of the activity state obtained by the activity state determination unit has been done. A time correction unit returns the transition time of the activity state determined by the activity state correction unit.

Abstract: A method for mapping the trajectory of a part of the anatomy of a human or animal body. The method comprises receiving first sensor signals from a sensor attached to part of the anatomy of the human or animal body. The first sensor signals comprise three dimensional position information indicating the location of the sensor; determining from the first sensor signals at least two angles of rotation of the part of the anatomy to which the sensor is attached with respect to a centre of rotation of another part of the body, wherein the angles of rotation are selected from pitch, yaw and roll. Transforming the signals to provide two dimensional coordinate data defined in a two dimensional coordinate space wherein a first dimension in the two dimensional coordinate space represents a first angle of rotation of the part of the anatomy and a second dimension in the two dimensional coordinate space represents a second angle of rotation of the part of the anatomy; and stores the two dimensional coordinate data.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for diagnosing vertigo and balance related ailment using Craniocorpography (CCG) technique. The apparatus includes a helmet adapted to be worn over a head of a patient. The helmet includes a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). Further, the apparatus includes a camera placed directionally above at a vertical distance from the helmet while the helmet is being worn over the head of the patient. The camera is adapted to track movement of the patient when the CCG is performed on the patient. Furthermore, the apparatus includes an interface card adapted to connect the camera. The interface card is adapted to relay images captured by the camera. A computing system in communication with the interface card is also provided. The computing system is adapted to analyze and present at least a plurality of patient alignment parameters based on the images captured by the camera.

Abstract: A method of enhancing an audio signal from an audio output device is provided. For a frequency band, a user masking contour curve covering at least a part of said frequency band is obtained, a target masking contour curve is derived from the user masking contour curve, and a multi-band digital compression system is parameterized based on the sound level of the target masking contour curve at a given frequency and the sound level of the user masking contour curve at the same given frequency. The obtained parameters are outputted to provide an enhanced audio signal.

Abstract: A sensor includes: a tubular needle member that includes a side wall and defines a hollow portion; and a linear detection member located in the hollow portion. The side wall of the needle member includes a thick portion that is thicker than another portion of the side wall in a cross-section of the needle member, and wherein the thick portion protrudes toward the hollow portion.

Abstract: A system is presented for non-invasive monitoring one or more blood conditions of a media in a region of interest. The system comprises: a sensor device comprising at least one antenna sensor configured to be placed in the vicinity of the media and configured and operable to generate antenna beams of different frequencies in a frequency range of about 100 MHz to 90 GHz, receive radiation responses from the medium, and generate corresponding sensing data; and a control unit configured to receive and process said sensing data to determine a dielectric spectrum of the media indicative of dielectric response of cytoplasm containing cells (red blood cells) in the media and determine one or more blood conditions.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a connector assembly that is a part of a sensor assembly for collecting patient physiological data. The connector assembly can include a first connector tab with catches, a second connector tab with openings, a retainer with pins, and a circuit board coupled to a cable. Each of the pins of the retainer can include a detent that can engage one of the catches of the first connector tab. The pins can extend through the openings of the second connector tab so that the retainer is coupled to the first connector tab by the detents engaging the catches. The first and second connector tabs can thereby be coupled together to support the circuit board and the cable between the first and second connector tabs.

Abstract: The present disclosure includes a cable for a patient monitoring system. The cable can have a flexible and durable overall construction that enables the cable to withstand repeated winding and unwinding and prevent kinks from developing. The cable may include multiple bundles encased in inner jackets that reduce the amount of friction against other cable elements and allows the bundle to move more freely inside an outer jacket of the cable. The multiple bundles may include multiple wires or cords. The cable can include a flexible core that runs through the middle of the cable. The multiple bundles can be twisted, weaved, or untwisted around the core.

Abstract: A wireless pulse oximeter device can include a front-end circuit. The device also include a wireless communications module to communicate with a medical monitor or wireless receiver device. The device can also have a controller communicatively coupled to the front-end circuit and the wireless communication module. The controller can have one or more processors configured to receive the at least two photodiode readings, determine an AC component value and a DC component value of a first one of the at least two photodiode readings, transmit the AC component value, determine an R-value corresponding to a ratio of an optical absorption of a first wavelength of light to an optical absorption of a second wavelength of light, for a first set of photodiode readings, and transmit the R-value for the first set of photodiode readings.

Abstract: Provided is directed to a device for medical examination in a subject. The device is configured for easy self-examination of a variety of physiological parameters indicative of disease or physiological irregularities. Examples of such physiological parameters include body temperature indicative of fever, ear pathologies indicative of ear infection, heartbeat, blood oxygen level. While the device of this disclosure may be a stand-alone device, it may be configured, according to embodiments of this disclosure, for association and operation with a mobile communication device, in particular a smartphone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a menstrual cup having a blood test cartridge. A menstrual cup according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises a body part having an opening formed at one side of the body part, a storage part configured to receive menstrual blood therein, and a cartridge receiving part connected to the storage part at a side opposite the opening, and a cartridge for blood test removably mounted in the cartridge receiving part.

Abstract: An automated data acquisition, appraisal and analysis in noninvasive rapid screening of neuro-otologic condition using combination of subject's objective oculomotor, vestibular and reaction time analytic variables, comprises the steps of: establishing an oculomotor, vestibular and reaction time testing protocol for specific neuro-otologic condition which protocol included eye tracking aspects and which protocol obtains a combination of a subject's objective oculomotor, vestibular and reaction time analytic variables; coupling an eye tracker to subject; automatically establishing a region of interest for the eye tracker in which the region of interest is centered on the subject's pupils; conducting the oculomotor, vestibular and reaction time testing protocol using pre-programmed/automated voice instructions to the subject to obtain a combination of a subject's objective oculomotor, vestibular and reaction time analytic variables; and calculating and displaying a normalized composite test protocol score (0-1)

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for evaluating otolith dysfunction through the subjective horizontal and vertical testing (SHVT) of a patient. The present apparatus includes a projector adapted to project a luminous line on a test wall of a test room at an initial predetermined position, a controller operated by a patient that adjusts the position of luminous line w.r.t. patient's input. The said input is analyzed by a computing system included in present apparatus which computes subjective visual parameters of patient based on the said input. The subjective visual parameters are calculated by distinguishing deviation of the luminous line (patient's input) from the predetermined reference position. This reference position is installed in the computing device and not visible to the patient. Further, the projector is adapted to add a static, dynamic or real life background.

Abstract: Provided are a method for predicting a mortality risk or a sepsis risk, implemented by a processor, to predict an emergency situation, and a device using the same. The method for predicting a mortality risk or a sepsis risk includes: receiving biological signal data for a subject from a biological signal prediction device; generating a risk sequence for the subject based on the biological signal data, by using a risk sequence generation model configured to generate a risk sequence based on the biological signal data; and predicting a risk for the subject based on the risk sequence.

Abstract: Apparatuses for detecting swallowing disorders and methods for using same are provided. In a general embodiment, the apparatuses include a disposable sensor base and a sensor that is received by the disposable sensor base. The sensor base includes a sensor interface having a predetermined cut-away shape and a directionally-keyed mating surface. The sensor includes a handle portion having a shape that corresponds to the predetermined shape of the sensor interface, a support portion configured to be received by the directionally-keyed mating surface when the sensor is inserted into the sensor interface, and electronics configured to collect data sensed by the sensor. The apparatuses of the present disclosure can be attached to a patient's neck to detect and/or diagnose swallowing disorders during a swallowing test.

Abstract: A system and method for performing optoacoustic classification prediction is provided. The method utilizes one or more processors in connection with receiving OA feature scores in connection with OA images collected from a patient examination for a volume of interest. The volume of interest includes a lesion. The method applies the OA feature scores to a classification model to obtain a predictive result indicative of a trait of the lesion.

Abstract: The present application provides a health monitoring method, a wearable device, a health monitoring system, and a computer readable storage medium. The health monitoring method includes: acquiring pregnant woman health reference information; transmitting the pregnant woman health reference information and pregnant woman identity information in the wearable device to a remote medical server terminal; and receiving pregnant woman health diagnosis information from the remote medical server terminal, wherein the pregnant woman health diagnosis information is determined according to the pregnant woman health reference information and the pregnant woman identity information.

Abstract: The invention provides a system (1) comprising a sensor (100) for measuring a skin parameter, the sensor (100) comprising (i) a plurality of spatially separated light sources (110) configured to provide light source light (111), and (ii) a detector (120) configured at a first distance (d1) from each of the light sources (110), wherein the sensor (100) is configured to provide the light source light (111) with optical axes (OL) under an angle of incidence (?) selected from the range of 10-80° with the skin at a second distance (d2) and to detect reflected light source light (111), wherein the sensor (100) comprises at least three light sources (110), wherein the light sources (110) are configured to provide unpolarized visible light source light (111), wherein the first distance (d1) is selected from the range of 10-80 mm, wherein the detector (120) is configured to detect polarized light, wherein the sensor (100) comprises a polarizer (104) configured upstream of the detector (120), and wherein the polarizer

Abstract: The invention relates to skin tape stripping methods to identify a subject at risk of having atopic dermatitis, or a subject having atopic dermatitis who is at risk of developing a food allergy, or a subject at risk of developing a food allergy in the absence of the subject having atopic dermatitis.

Abstract: Output data is produced, indicative of a visible skin condition requiring medical attention. A reference region of skin that does not include the skin condition is identified and a probe is deployed against this reference region to produce reference data. The same probe is then re-deployed against the skin condition to produce test data. Output electrodes in the probe produce output signals by capacitive coupling when input electrodes receive energizing pulses. The reference data is derived from reference output signals and the test data is derived from test output signals. Output data is produced by comparing the test data against the reference data.

Abstract: A system has a body with a base having a top surface with a receiving region to receive the bottom of a single foot. Among other things, the base may be in the form of an open or closed platform with a plurality of temperature sensors in communication with the top surface of the receiving region. The plurality of temperature sensors are within the receiving region and configured to activate after receipt of a stimulus applied to one or both the platform and the plurality of temperature sensors. A comparator is configured to form a temperature range as a function of the temperature value distribution and compare a percentage of the range size of the temperature distribution to a threshold value. An output produces ulcer information indicating the emergence of an ulcer or pre-ulcer when the percentage of the range size equals or exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: The disclosure is directed to a system and methods for dynamic diagnosis of musculoskeletal conditions. The methods include monitoring at least one body part of a subject with at least one sensor, the at least one sensor configured to detect motions of the at least one body part of the subject, the at least one sensor comprising a Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) sensor. The at least one sensor transmits kinematic data to a signature-comparing device. The methods include obtaining composite signatures of the subject based on the kinematic data, the composite signatures comprising at least one motion signature. The methods also include comparing the composite signatures of the subject to a normal composite signature to determine whether a difference between the composite signatures of the subject and the normal composite signatures is larger than a pre-determined threshold.