Abstract: An anti-loosening emulsion pump comprises a press head, a toothed sleeve, a cylinder and a piston rod, wherein the press head and the toothed sleeve are respectively provided with standing tooth pieces and standing tooth blocks interacting with each other. When the press head is rotated in a locking direction, the standing tooth pieces can move beyond the standing tooth blocks, and when the press head is rotated in an opening direction, the standing tooth pieces and the standing tooth blocks interact with each other, the rotation of the press head can be prevented. The press head of the anti-loosening emulsion pump further includes a press mouth which is movable relatively. The anti-loosening emulsion pump of the present invention can prevent the press head from being open due to such reasons as impact and the like, and can prevent the toothed sleeve from loosening from the opening of the container.

Abstract: A system for growing plants, the system may include a substrate having one or more weakened areas or openings: one or more grow portions coupled to the substrate and situated at the one or more weakened areas or openings and having at least one seed or plant; and/or a fluid distribution portion coupled to the substrate and configured to provide fluid to the one or more grow portions. The system may further include a method of operation including one or more acts of: obtaining a weather forecast for a future time period; determining whether rain is expected during the future time period; and preventing, terminating, or restricting an irrigation cycle when it is determined that rain is expected during the fare time period. The restricting may restrict a flow of liquid during the irrigation cycle or shorten the irrigation interval.

Abstract: A mask and a method of manufacturing a mask assembly, the mask including a body, and the body including one end and another end facing each other in a length direction and having a first surface and a second surface facing each other in a thickness direction; and a pattern region between the one end and the other end, the pattern region including a plurality of pattern holes and a plurality of ribs between the plurality of pattern holes, wherein a curl value of the mask, which is defined as a shortest distance from a plane tangent to a center of the body to the one end or the other end of the body, is 1,000 ?m to 4,000 ?m.

Abstract: A protective collar for temporarily protecting an item from paint on a surface that is being painted. The protective collar is formed as a band having a convex surface and a concave surface. The band has a uniform thickness between the convex surface and the concave surface in the primary areas that are not tapered. The band embodies a spring bias that biases the band into a circular configuration. The first end and the second end of the band are tapered. Additionally, the band is tapered along its length adjacent a first long edge. This causes the first long edge to be thinner than the opposite second long edge. The tapered regions minimize the footprint of the spring collar on a surface.

Abstract: A coating system for coating objects, wherein a coating material can be dispensed by an application device with a dispensing arrangement. A supply system having at least first and second feed containers for coating material are connected via first and second supply lines and first and second material valves, respectively, to the dispensing arrangement. Also provided is a cleaning system having at least one first cleaning line and a second cleaning line, to which rinsing agent can be fed via a first rinsing agent feed line and a second rinsing agent feed line, respectively. The first and second cleaning lines are connected via first and second cleaning valves to the first and supply lines, respectively. The first cleaning line and the second cleaning line are connected via a connection line at connection points disposed in front of each cleaning valve relative to the flow direction towards the dispensing arrangement.

Abstract: A system treats uneven surfaces of additive manufactured objects to improve the transparency and glossiness of the surfaces. The system operates a sprayer to apply fluid material used to form the uneven surface to the uneven surface to smooth the surface or the system operates an actuator to dip the additive manufactured object into a bath of fluid material that is the same as the material used to form the uneven surface to smooth the surface. A heater is provided to dry non-UV curable material applied to the uneven surface and a source of UV radiation is provided to cure UV curable material applied to the uneven surface.

Abstract: A compressible cartridge includes a first flexible bag, a second flexible bag, and a rigid face plate. The first and second flexible bags include a multilayer film having at least three layers formed from different materials. The first and second flexible bags have a front end and a sealed back end opposite the front end. The first flexible bag defines a first volume to receive a first flowable material. The second flexible bag defines a second volume to receive a second flowable material that is different from the first flowable material. The rigid face plate has a first collar, a second collar, and a nosepiece. The first collar is bonded to the front end of the first flexible bag, and the second collar is bonded to the front end of the second flexible bag. The nosepiece defines 1) a first opening that is in fluid communication with the first volume of the first flexible bag, 2) a second opening that is in fluid communication with the second volume of the second flexible bag, and 3) a discharge opening.

Abstract: A confinement structure and an actuation member that provides a system that allows for controllable deformation of a variety of containers are disclosed. In one embodiment, the system of the present disclosure provides for controllable deformation of a container such that a portion of the container acts as a wiping means to empty a substance from the container. A container that includes an indentation formed on a first end of the container and a container opening located at a second end of the container is also disclosed. In one embodiment, with the container deformed to a final position, the indentation fits inside the container opening to completely expel a substance from the container.

Abstract: The present invention includes a dispensing system for dispensing a packaged product, e.g. a condiment, onto one or more areas. A package including a pouch having the product therein cooperates with a dispensing gun to dispense a dose of product. In various aspects the invention includes a packaging system that includes a container and a flexible package; a package with a frangible seal, the package including a flexible pouch; a dispensing assembly for dispensing a product from the package; a dispensing gun system; a method of making a package; and a method of dispensing a product. The packaging system includes a container such as a rigid sleeve, and a flexible pouch positioned within the container interior, and also includes a valve that enables the product to exit the pouch interior and be dispensed. An optional diffuser coordinates with the valve to dispense product from one or more product outlets.

Abstract: A paint dispensing roller assembly that comprises an applicator member of an absorbent material defining an enclosed applicator member cavity. The assembly further comprises a paint dispensing member disposed at least partially within the enclosed applicator member cavity and having an outer undulating surface with an alternating plurality of ridges and valleys defining an enclosed paint mixing cavity having at least one enclosed aperture defined thereon. The paint dispensing roller assembly also includes a cantilevered mixing member disposed at least partially within the enclosed paint mixing cavity and having at least one flange projecting radially from the cantilevered mixing member. The paint dispensing roller assembly further comprises a roller body including a handle and a shell portion defining a shell cavity wherein the applicator member is partially disposed. The applicator member and paint dispensing member are operably configured to rotate 360 degrees with respect to the roller body.

Abstract: [Object] To apply or deposit powder or granular material onto a required portion of an object by a required quantity precisely at low cost, to make the weight per unit area smaller than one square centimeter or square millimeter uniform, and to make the use efficiency of powder or granular material as close to 100% as possible. [Solution] Firstly layers of powder or granular material is formed on a substrate with a uniform weight per unit area, and then the powder or granular material on the substrate is sucked and ejected toward the object to form layers or films.

Abstract: Provided are a dip coating device which minimizes attachment of a coating material to a member to which a member to be coated is fixed, thereby facilitating coating of the member to be coated and a method for producing a coated member which is obtained by dip coating a member to be coated with a coating material. The dip coating device 10 of the present invention for coating a member to be coated 20 with a coating material 70, comprises a reservoir 30 that stores a coating material 70, a first fixing part 40 that holds a member to be coated 20, and a second fixing part 50 directly or indirectly provided on a wall 31 of the reservoir 30, wherein the first fixing part 40 and the second fixing part 50 magnetically attract to each other.

Abstract: A sealing system for applying resin to a cut edge of a composite structure, the cut edge having exposed carbon fibers. The system includes: a tool that comprises a nozzle and a resin source; a controller configured to control: a movement of the tool, and flow of resin from the resin source to the nozzle; and an application tip connected to the nozzle of the tool and configured to apply the resin to the cut edge of the composite structure. The application tip may have an exterior surface with a circular cross section and an indentation for a first length along a longitudinal axis of the application tip and a first end and a second end configured such that a resin flows from the first end to the second end.

Abstract: A method for thermochemically treating a part while masking a portion and corresponding mask are provided. The method includes the steps of providing a mask comprising a body with a seat, at least a deformable sealing washer located in the seat, and a tightening bushing, the body having a cavity, placing a first portion of the part in the cavity, a second portion of the part being located in a passage in the sealing washer, and a third portion of the part being located outside the mask, moving the tightening bushing to its tightened position so that the sealing washer is deformed and applied against the second portion of the part, and applying a thermochemical treatment to the third portion of the part.

Abstract: Disclosed are Bisphenol A (BPA), Bisphenol F, Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and Bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE)-free coating compositions for metal substrates including an under-coat composition containing a polyester (co)polymer, and an under-coat cross-linker; and an over-coat composition containing a poly(vinyl chloride) (co)polymer dispersed in a substantially nonaqueous carrier liquid, an over-coat cross-linker, and a functional (meth)acrylic (co)polymer. Also provided is a method of coating a metal substrate using the BPA, BPF, BADGE and BFDGE-free coating system to produce a hardened protective coating useful in fabricating metal storage containers. The coated substrate is particularly useful in fabricating multi-part foodstuffs storage containers with “easy-open” end closures.

Abstract: A dynamic imbalanced force generator includes a pair of eccentric masses and a shaft frame. The generator further includes at least one support plate of a motor arranged radially with respect to the shaft frame, and a gear system. A second imbalance is arranged between a first imbalance and the shaft frame, and coaxially with respect to the first imbalance. At least one motor is supported by the plate and engaged with at least one of the first and second imbalances by the gear system. The support plate and the motor are arranged between the imbalances and the shaft frame.

Abstract: A corn cob harvesting machine includes a tractor, cob harvester, and trailer that together lift, clean, and separate corn cobs from a corn harvester combine chaff windrow. The cob harvester has a floating cob lift immediately adjacent to and through various skirts engaging the earth that is supported by and floats with respect to a support frame. The floating cob lift has a rotary paddle that lifts and throws cobs into the first cross draft separator. The first cross draft separator has a blower that generates a vacuum within the floating cob lift. An adjustable flap intermediate between rotary paddle and blower deflects cobs and other heavier matter out of the air stream, while lighter matter is removed. A first cross draft separator removes chaff, a rock trap separates rocks, and a second cross draft separator removes additional chaff. A discharge conveyor transfers cleaned corn cobs to the trailer.

Abstract: A material sorting system sorts materials utilizing a vision system that implements a machine learning system in order to identify or classify each of the materials, which are then sorted into separate groups based on such an identification or classification determining that the materials have a specified geometric shape. Such a system can sort monetary coins or other valuable metals from other forms of scrap.

Abstract: A method of processing objects is disclosed using a programmable motion device. The method includes the steps of acquiring an object from a plurality of mixed objects at an input area, perceiving identifying indicia in connection with the object, assigning an intermediate station to a destination location for the object responsive to the identifying indicia in connection with the object, and moving the acquired object toward the intermediate station.

Abstract: A method for processing core wheels is disclosed. Images of known wheels having unique identifying numbers and other wheel information is received from third party providers and are processed to determine the features of the known wheels. These images, features and other wheel information are stored in a database for future reference. A supply of core wheels is then provided and sorted in order to separate at least a first portion of the wheels conforming to a first set of criteria from the supply of wheels and are transported to second location.

Abstract: A lens and/or a view screen of an electronic device having at least one case can be cleaned by wiping the view screen with a cleaning component wherein the cleaning component is configured to selectively couple to the at least one case or some other substrate using a magnetic attractive force. The cleaning devices may have secondary applications such as securing fly fishing lures, activating or deactivating a device having a magnetic switch, or preventing sunglasses from sinking. They may also be manufactured without a cleaning component for use with the secondary applications.

Abstract: A cleaning device, according to one embodiment, for cleaning a substrate by being rotated, includes: a cleaning member configured to clean a substrate; and a sleeve configured to be provided along a circumference of the cleaning member, a lower part of the sleeve being divided into a plurality of chucking claws each of which holds a portion of a side face of the cleaning member, wherein at inside of each of the plurality of chucking claws, a plurality of protrusions are provided substantially parallel to a rotation direction of the cleaning member, an end of each of the plurality of protrusions is configured to contact the side face of the cleaning member.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method. The method includes applying a fluid to a perforated upper layer. The perforated upper layer forms an exposed surface of a multi-layer structure. The method also includes allowing the fluid to pass through the perforated upper layer and contact a contaminant within a core layer of the multi-layer structure. The core layer is disposed beneath the perforated upper layer, opposite the expose surface, and is coupled to the perforated upper layer. The method also includes applying ultrasonic energy to the exposed surface of the multi-layer structure using an ultrasonic generator to loosen the contaminant into the fluid. The method also includes removing the fluid with the loosened contaminant from the multi-layer structure.

Abstract: A washing device for a portable toilet includes a portable toilet lifting member that pivotally elevates a portable toilet from a substantially vertical position and rotates the portable toilet until disposed in a substantially horizontal position in a portable toilet washing enclosure. An access door of the portable toilet is unlocked and allowed to open when the portable toilet is horizontally positioned in the portable toilet washing enclosure. A portable toilet access aperture is orientated to enable internal washing members for the portable toilet that are disposed inside the portable toilet washing enclosure to discharge a liquid within an internal chamber of the portable toilet to ultimately clean the internal chamber and a toilet tank inside the internal chamber. The portable toilet washing enclosure also includes external washing members for washing external walls and a base portion of the portable toilet.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a cache device and a LCD screen production line. The cache device provided by the present disclosure includes an outer frame having an opening for picking and placing cached items on a first side wall thereof and a support bracket for horizontally supporting cached items therein; and first blowing means disposed on the second side wall of the outer frame for blowing air toward the opening; second blowing means disposed on the third side wall or the fourth side wall of the outer frame; an exhaust means disposed on a fourth side wall opposite to the third side wall of the frame.

Abstract: Embodiments disclosed herein include a plasma abatement process that takes effluent from a processing chamber and reacts the effluent with water vapor reagent within a plasma source placed in a foreline by injecting the water vapor reagent into the foreline or the plasma source. The materials present in the effluent as well as the water vapor reagent are energized by the plasma source, converting the materials into gas species such as HF that is readily scrubbed by typical water scrubbing abatement technology. An oxygen containing gas is periodically injected into the foreline or the plasma source relative to the water vapor injection to reduce or avoid the generation of solid particles. The abatement process has good destruction removal efficiency (DRE) with minimized solid particle generation.

Abstract: The method of using the flow of liquid or gas in a pipeline to facilitate service operations within said pipeline by connecting to a service pig with a restraining line, deploying said service pig in said pipeline at a deployment location, holding back on the restraining line to cause a pressure differential buildup across the service pig to facilitate said service operations, releasing said service pig from the restraints the operations can be completed without bringing the service pig back to said deployment location.

Abstract: A cleaning water feeding tool having a pipe structure to feed cleaning water to a water sprinkling cleaning device which has both end portions rotatably supported by a rotary base laid between a pair of rotary support parts disposed opposite to each other on a basket-shaped base, and includes the rotary head rotates with respect to the rotary base, and the rotary base rotates with respect to the basket-shaped base, including a horizontal portion that has a tip end portion connected to the cleaning water supply port and extends approximately horizontally in a state where a rotary shaft of the rotary base is disposed approximately horizontally, a straight portion that extends upward from the horizontal portion; and a hard material that configures or covers at least a portion receiving the cleaning water jetted from the water jet part of the straight portion.

Abstract: Reversibly switchable (transformable) surface layer changeable from (super)hydrophobic to (super)hydrophilic surface states are described. Methods of decontamination of surfaces exposed to contaminate are provided. The reversibly switchable properties of the surface layer can be controlled by an external stimulus.

Abstract: A portable system and method for processing waste to be solidified and placed in an active cell of a landfill. A portable base frame for supporting a landfill waste enclosure such as a silo or pressurized vessel may be used. An improved slide gate for use with the silo, as well as an improved feed hopper for conveying landfill waste, are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for producing metal strip in a rolling mill, so that as a result of a more accurate manufacturing of metal strips in the future, a more precise forecasting of the profile contour of the metal strip can be obtained over the width of the metal strip, as well as a more precise setting of the profile actuator of the rolling mill. A forecast value is calculated for the profile contour within the context of the simulation of the rolling process before the rolling of the metal strip. In contrast to that, the calculation in the simulation is not conducted prior to the rolling, but instead it is obtained by a post-calculation after the rolling of the metal strip has been carried out.

Abstract: The inventions relates to a straightening apparatus for straightening body panels of a vehicle, which straightening apparatus includes a support beam, a straightening fastener fastened to the support beam which fastener is fastenable to the body panels of the vehicle, a transfer device for moving the straightening fastener in relation to the vehicle to straighten body panels, and at least two support elements for supporting the support beam during straightening work. In the straightening apparatus according to the invention, the support beam includes a vertical beam and an extension beam movably fastened to it, and the first support element is movably fastened to the vertical beam and the second support element is fastened to the extension beam.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a cylindrical housing of an exhaust-gas treatment unit for vehicles includes providing a flat sheet metal part having at least one embossing, and round bending the sheet-metal part in a round bending tool by displacing the sheet metal part between rolls such that the sheet metal part obtains a cylindrical shape having a longitudinal direction parallel to roll axes of the rolls. At least one elastic roll is used such that the embossing of the sheet metal part is maintained during round bending. The longitudinal edges of the cylindrical sheet metal part are then connected to form a tube. A method of manufacturing an exhaust-gas treatment unit is furthermore shown.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for bending a pipe and checking a bent shape of the pipe. The apparatus includes a bender for forming a bend in the pipe and at least two cameras for determining an alignment of the pipe in proximity to the free end of the pipe.

Abstract: According to the present invention, there is provided a cooling apparatus for a steel material in which one portion in a longitudinal direction of an elongated steel material (10) is heated while the steel material is fed in the longitudinal direction in a state where one end portion of the steel material is gripped, and the one end portion is moved in a two-dimensional or three-dimensional direction so as to form the steel material into a predetermined shape including a bent portion and thereafter to cool a heated portion including the bent portion. The cooling apparatus includes a first cooling apparatus (22) that ejects a first cooling medium to the heated portion, and a second cooling apparatus (23) that is disposed on a downstream side from the first cooling apparatus when viewed along a feeding direction of the steel material, and that ejects a second cooling medium to the heated portion.

Abstract: An apparatus for improving the quality of tube bending; adapted to be used in bending machines and comprises a substantially longitudinally extended mandrel, adapted to be inserted into a tube to be bent and having a rigid portion and a flexible portion arranged in series, the latter comprising a series of mandrel segments connected by articulated joints; the apparatus also comprises at least one motion-sensitive sensor, which is integral with at least one of the mandrel segments, and elements for processing the motion information acquired by the sensor.

Abstract: A controller alters a cycle time of a die arrangement, configured to hot stamp metal into components and having an active cooling system, based on an amount of heat transferred from the components to the active cooling system such that a grain structure of the components transitions from an austenitic state to a martensitic state.

Abstract: A unitary forward mounting assembly for a bodymaker includes a unitary forward mounting body with a cradle portion, a first support arm portion and a second support arm portion. The cradle portion has a forward side, a rear side, a right side, and a left side. The first support arm portion is disposed at the cradle portion right side. The second support arm portion is disposed at the cradle portion left side.

Abstract: A sheet-shaped blank (10) for press forming is produced by shearing a metal sheet (30). The blank (10) includes a sheared edge (14), which includes a sheared surface (14b) and a fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction and has a loop shape in plan view. In plan view, an edge of the sheared edge (14) includes concavely curved portions (20). The average of lengths of the fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction in the curved portions (20) is greater than the average of lengths of the fractured surface (14c) in the sheet thickness direction over the entire perimeter of the sheared edge (14).

Abstract: A tubular product includes a tubular body made of steel and having a tube wall which includes an opening. The opening is produced by a high-speed stamping process at a stamping speed of more than 4 m/s. The opening is situated in the tube wall in a region thereof which has a tensile strength Rm>800 MPa.

Abstract: A tool for manufacturing hot formed structural components having locally different microstructures and mechanical properties, the tool comprising upper and lower mating dies, each die being formed by two or more die blocks (10) comprising one or more working surfaces (34) that in use face the structural component to be formed and one or more supporting blocks, the upper and lower dies comprising die blocks are adapted to operate at different temperatures corresponding to zones of the structural component to be formed having locally different microstructures and mechanical properties, the die blocks including one or more warm die blocks adapted to operate at a higher temperature, and one or more cold die blocks adapted to operate at a lower temperature, and wherein at least one of the warm die blocks is an electrically conductive die block which is electrically connected to a current source configured to provide a DC current through the die block to control the temperature of the die block.

Abstract: An improved electro-hydraulic clinching system involves generating, through a high potential electric shock, a forceful wave in a fluid such as water, and applying the force of the wave to a sheet of metal. The force of the wave results in deforming the sheet and making the sheet material move through a hole in a second sheet adjacent to the first sheet, thus joining the two sheets. In an alternative implementation, in which neither sheet includes an opening, the force of the wave moves both sheets simultaneously, thereby causing them to join together at the point of impact.

Abstract: A rail system. The rail system includes an upper rail member, a lower rail member and a plurality of balusters. The upper rail member, lower rail member and balusters secure together and to a support structure to form the rail system. The support structure may include columns, newels, walls and the like. The upper and lower rail members each include a cap that snaps onto a rail support. Fasteners may fasten the balusters directly to an upper rail support. Fasteners may further fasten the balusters directly to a lower cap.

Abstract: The invention relates to machine tools and methods for processing plate-like workpieces. The machine tool comprises a first movement device for the movement of the workpiece in a first direction, two workpiece supporting surfaces spaced apart by a gap extending in a second direction and configured for supporting the workpiece, and a second movement device for the movement of a pressing tool in the second direction. The pressing tool comprises two tool components that are configured to move in a stroke direction relative to one another in order to process the workpiece in the gap by at least one of stamping and shaping. The machine tool also comprises at least one receiving device configured to move in the second direction one or more of in and along the gap for depositing at least one workpiece part formed when processing the workpiece by at least one of stamping and shaping.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a razor blade by providing a razor blank strip having an edge. The razor blank strip is hardened to a hardness greater than 600HV. A pre-bending zone that is spaced apart from an edge of the razor blank is melted with a laser beam. The pre-bending zone is cooled after melting to form a re-solidification portion. The razor blank strip is segmented into individual blades. The individual blades are bent in the pre-bending zone.

Abstract: A handling apparatus including a support plane configured to support a plurality of metal products with an oblong development, and handling devices configured to pick up a metal product from a pick-up zone of the support plane and to deliver it to a delivery zone. Movement devices are associated with the support plane configured to distribute the metal products on the support plane and to move them toward the pick-up zone. The handling devices comprise a plurality of transfer arms provided with magnetic holding elements in order to magnetically hold one of the metal products.

Abstract: A fastening apparatus for setting a fastener penetrating into a workpiece having a first and a second sheet of material to be joined is provided. The fastening apparatus includes a frame supporting a punch and an upsetting die assembly. The upsetting die assembly includes a housing defining an axial bore, and a die member and a rod located in the bore. The die member and rod are axially displaceable within the bore. A stop member is pivotally connected to the frame and is in engagement with the rod. A fastener insertion force generated by the punch displaces the die member and rod within the bore, and the stop member is configured to dampen the axial displacement and reduce the fastener insertion force over a predetermined fastener insertion distance of the fastener into the workpiece.

Abstract: A method of producing a relief image or mold from a liquid photopolymer resin, said method comprising the steps of: a) placing an image film onto an exposure glass; b) placing a cover film over the image film and drawing a vacuum c) placing substrate material on a bottom glass d) casting a liquid photopolymer resin layer onto the substrate material; d) laminating a flexible polyester sheet onto a backside of the liquid photopolymer resin layer as the liquid photopolymer resin layer is being cast onto the substrate material; and e) exposing the liquid photopolymer resin layer through the image film to selectively crosslink and cure the photopolymerizable resin layer and form a cured relief image, wherein said depth of the cured relief image is less than the height of the cast liquid photopolymerizable resin.

Abstract: There is provided a melting device including a melting cylinder that is heated to a predetermined temperature, melts a molding material supplied from a material supply port, and generates a molten material; an inert gas supply device configured to supply an inert gas onto a melting surface of the molten material and form an inert gas layer; and a low specific gravity gas supply device configured to supply a low specific gravity gas which is a gas having a different type from the inert gas and form a low specific gravity gas layer on the inert gas layer, wherein the low specific gravity gas layer has a lower specific gravity than the inert gas layer.

Abstract: A castable, moldable, or extrudable structure using a metallic base metal or base metal alloy. One or more insoluble additives are added to the metallic base metal or base metal alloy so that the grain boundaries of the castable, moldable, or extrudable structure includes a composition and morphology to achieve a specific galvanic corrosion rates partially or throughout the structure or along the grain boundaries of the structure. The insoluble additives can be used to enhance the mechanical properties of the structure, such as ductility and/or tensile strength. The insoluble particles generally have a submicron particle size. The final structure can be enhanced by heat treatment, as well as deformation processing such as extrusion, forging, or rolling, to further improve the strength of the final structure as compared to the non-enhanced structure.