Abstract: Apparatus for insertion into a cavity of an object, the apparatus comprising: a first tube comprising a first end, a second end, a first cavity extending between the first end and the second end, and an aperture at the second end; a member positioned within the first cavity of the first tube and adjacent the aperture of the first tube, the member being configured to enable an action to be performed; a plug coupled to the second end of the first tube; and an actuator configured to move the first tube relative to the object between a first position in which the plug seals the member from the cavity of the object, and a second position in which the member is exposed to the cavity of the object.

Abstract: A seal assembly for a gas turbine engine according to an example of the present disclosure includes a seal segment. The seal segment includes a blade-sealing portion that provides an elongated slot, a flange that extends from the blade-sealing portion, and a hook that extends from the blade-sealing portion and is spaced from the flange. The hook has a surface that at least partially provides a cavity. A feather seal has an elongated portion and first and second legs which extend from the elongated portion. The first leg abuts the flange, the second leg is disposed in the cavity, and the elongated portion is disposed in the elongated slot.

Abstract: A gas turbine engine includes a turbine section having a turbine rotor and at least one blade extending outwardly of the turbine rotor. The turbine rotor rotates about an axis of rotation. A blade outer air seal is positioned radially outward of the at least one blade. The blade outer air seal has an axially forward hook and an axially aft hook supported to static structure. An axial seal is attached to static structure forward of the forward hook, and has a sealing portion extending in an aft direction. A sealing surface member is positioned intermediate an aft end of the axial seal and a forward end of the forward hook to provide a sealing surface for sealing between the seal and the blade outer air seal.

Abstract: A turbine assembly for a gas turbine engine is disclosed herein. The turbine assembly includes a turbine vane and an annular turbine shroud. The turbine vane has an airfoil extending through a primary gas path and is formed to include cooling passages sized to conduct cooling air from an inlet aperture to a discharge aperture. The turbine shroud is adapted to extend around a bladed turbine wheel to resist gasses from passing over turbine blades without interacting with the turbine blades. The turbine shroud includes a ceramic matrix composite blade track having a radially-inwardly facing inner surface arranged in confronting relation with the primary gas path.

Abstract: An inter stage seal housing for a turbine engine having upper and lower half inter stage seal housings in which a contact sealing surface of the seal housing is restored after an interval of engine operation. The contact sealing surface is restored by fitting a replaceable wear strip on the downstream sealing surface of the seal housing. In order to fit the replaceable wear strip, a circumferential groove is machined along an outer peripheral edge of the seal housing. The groove is machined to include axial location and radial retention such that the wear strips can be slid into the upper half and lower half inter stage seal housing circumferentially from the horizontal joint. The groove includes through holes and the wear strips include corresponding threaded holes such that the wear strips can be fastened in the groove by fasteners and fastener retention hardware.

Abstract: An active clearance control assembly for a gas turbine engine includes a firewall, a fluid intake and an active clearance control manifold. A conduit is configured to direct a fluid from the fluid intake on a first axial side of the firewall through the firewall to at least one active clearance control manifold on a second axial side of the firewall. A valve is located on the first axial side of the firewall and is configured to regulate the flow of the fluid through the conduit.

Abstract: An adjustment ring of a variable turbine geometry of an exhaust gas turbocharger is disclosed. The adjustment ring may include at least a first ring segment and a second ring segment.

Abstract: According to one aspect, an apparatus for controlling a vane comprises an actuator, a vane control rod, a guide pin disposed on the vane control rod, a sleeve disposed about the vane control rod, and at least one sleeve track disposed along an extent of the sleeve. Further in accordance with this aspect, the guide pin couples the vane control rod and the sleeve, and the actuator linearly moves the vane control rod through the sleeve in order to manipulate a position of the vane.

Abstract: A device for controlling the flow in a turbomachine, in an embodiment, a centrifugal compressor; the device includes a plurality of fixed blades and a plurality of adjustable blades adjacent to the plurality of fixed blades so that each of the adjustable blades has an aerodynamic interaction with one of the fixed blades; each of the adjustable blades is pivoted to rotate about a fixed axis substantially located at the center of pressure of the adjustable blade; the center of pressure is evaluated when the blade is at a reference orientation.

Abstract: A soft wall containment system having a casing, a liner system, a containment blanket, and a barrel including multiple features is provided. The soft wall containment system may selectively be installable in a gas turbine engine having a turbine with multiple airfoils. The barrel features may be disposed outboard of the airfoils. The casing barrel may have a first thickness, the casing barrel features may have a second thickness, and the first thickness may be greater than the second thickness. Additionally, the features may be slots that extend through the thickness of the barrel.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to control the actuation of regulators including a loading chamber are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first pneumatic regulator including a loading chamber, the first pneumatic regulator to flow fluid toward a downstream process; a second pneumatic regulator coupled between the loading chamber and the downstream process, the second pneumatic regulator to control an actuation of the first pneumatic regulator during normal operation based on a pressure difference between a first pressure downstream of the first pneumatic regulator and a second pressure within the loading chamber; and a valve coupled between the loading chamber and the downstream process, the valve to control the actuation of the first pneumatic regulator during a shut-down event.

Abstract: A device for cleaning the core engine of a jet engine includes a supply unit, which provides the cleaning medium, a nozzle unit, which is configured for feeding the cleaning medium into the core engine, and a line connection between the supply unit and the nozzle unit. The nozzle unit includes a means for the rotationally fixed connection to the fan shaft of the jet engine, and that a rotary coupling is provided between the nozzle unit and the line connection. The device may be arranged with a turbo fan jet engine. A method for cleaning, the core engine of a jet engine uses the device.

Abstract: A flow metering and retention system includes a first disk that is annular in shape surrounding a centerline and extending axially along the centerline, a first coverplate axially rearward of the first disk with the first coverplate having an axially rearward extending arm, a second disk that is annular in shape surrounding the centerline and rearward of the first coverplate, a second coverplate at least partially between the first coverplate and the second disk; and a ring adjacent to the radially outer side of the slot of the second disk. The second disk has a slot into which the arm of the first coverplate extends with the slot having a radially outer side and a radially inner side, and the ring is configured to meter air flowing between the radially outer side of the slot and the arm of the first coverplate.

Abstract: A guide vane of a gas turbine engine, in particular of an aircraft engine, which has a pressure-side wall, a suction-side wall, a guide vane root, a guide vane tip, a guide vane leading edge area that is impinged by a cooling air flow of a cooling system, a guide vane trailing edge area that is facing away from the guide vane leading edge area, and at least one channel for conducting a fluid to be cooled arranged in an internal space of the guide vane. At that, during operation of the gas turbine engine, a first part of the cooling air flow flows around a pressure-side wall, and a second part of the cooling air flow flows around the suction-side wall, and a third part of the cooling air flow flows through the internal space including the channel. What is further suggested is a gas turbine engine with at least one such static guide vane.

Abstract: A rotor support system for a gas turbine engine is disclosed. The rotor support system includes a bearing support flange, a frame support flange proximate to the bearing support flange, a fastener between the bearing support flange and the frame support flange, a damping component, and an axial retainer. The damping component includes a super-elastic shape memory alloy. The fastener is configured to fail when a load on the fastener exceeds a threshold value and the damping component is configured to deform from a normal state to a deformed state after the fastener fails. The axial retainer is configured to retain the bearing support flange and the frame support flange within an axial displacement from each other after the fastener fails. A radial gap exists between the bearing support flange and the frame support flange when the damping component is in the normal state.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a housing of a turbomachine, in particular a gas turbine. The method comprises at least the steps: providing a housing blank, manufacturing a housing element, producing an assembly opening corresponding to the housing element in the housing blank, arranging the housing element in the assembly opening, and joining the housing element to the housing blank by means of a welding method. In addition, the invention relates to a turbomachine housing.

Abstract: An assembly for hot forming a component includes first and second location features reversibly attached to a sheet metal element that forms the component. The assembly is loaded into a high temperature forming rig by loosely locating the location features into corresponding datum features in a forming tool. As the assembly heats up, the location features locate accurately with the datum features. Thus, the assembly can be accurately located onto the tool accurately and with minimal opening of the hot forming rig, thereby improving efficiency and safety.

Abstract: A blade outer air seal assembly contains a support structure. A blade outer air seal extends circumferentially about an axis and is mounted in the support structure. The support structure has a first support member that engages a first axial side of the blade outer air seal. A second support member engages a second axial side of the blade outer air seal. A retaining clip secures the blade outer air seal to the support structure. The retaining clip has a first leg and a second leg that extends in a generally radial direction. The first leg abuts the first axial side and the second leg abuts the first support member.

Abstract: The present invention is a device and method for controlling a closed loop (10) working on a Rankine cycle comprising a compression and circulation pump (12) for the liquid fluid, a heat exchanger (20) swept by a hot source (C) for evaporation of the fluid, expansion device (32) for the fluid in vapor form, a cooling exchange (44) swept by a cold source (F) for condensing the working fluid, a working fluid receiving tank (50) and working fluid circulation lines (60, 62, 64, 66, 68). The tank (50) is connected to a pressure regulating system (52, 54).

Abstract: An apparatus includes a pump circuit structured to receive pump data indicative of an operating characteristic of a pump feeding a fluid to a waste heat recovery (WHR) system; a flow circuit structured to receive valve position data indicative of a position of a valve downstream of the pump, estimate a flow rate of the fluid exiting the pump, and estimate the flow rate of the fluid exiting the valve; and a pressure circuit structured to receive pressure data indicative of the pressure of the fluid exiting the valve, estimate a change in pressure of the fluid across the WHR system, and determine a pressure of the fluid in a hot section of the WHR system based on the pressure of the fluid exiting the valve and the change in the pressure of the fluid across the WHR system.

Abstract: A proposed method provides a highly efficient fueled power output augmentation of the liquid air energy storage (LAES) through its integration with the semi-closed CO2 bottoming cycle. It combines the production of liquid air in air liquefier during LAES charge using excessive power from the grid and an effective recovery of stored air for production of on-demand power in the fueled supercharged reciprocating internal combustion engine (ICE) and associated expanders of the power block during LAES discharge. A cold thermal energy of liquid air being re-gasified is recovered for cryogenic capturing most of CO2 emissions from the facility exhaust with following use of the captured CO2 in the semi-closed bottoming cycle, resulting in enhancement of total LAES facility discharge power output and suppressing the thermal NOx formation in the ICE.

Abstract: A variable drive for an internal combustion engine with a first gas exchange valve, in particular outlet valve, and a second gas exchange valve, in particular outlet valve. The variable valve drive has a sliding cam system. The sliding cam system has an axially displaceable cam carrier which, for the first gas exchange valve, has only two cams, namely a first cam and a second cam offset axially with respect thereto, and, for the second gas exchange valve, has only two cams, namely a third cam and a fourth cam offset axially with respect thereto. The first cam, the second cam, the third cam and the fourth cam differ from a zero lift cam. The first cam and the third cam are identical in design. The second cam and the fourth cam differ in design.

Abstract: A continuously variable valve lift apparatus may include a camshaft, a cam portion on which two cams are formed and on which a rotation member is formed between the cams, a slider housing into which the rotation member is rotatably inserted, and rotatable around a pivot shaft, a control portion configured to selectively change a position of the slider housing, an output portion contacting the cams, rotatable around the pivot shaft and on which a valve shoe is formed, and a valve device configured to be driven by the valve shoe.

Abstract: A continuous variable valve duration apparatus may include first cam portion including first cam, of which relative phase angle of the first cam is variable, internal bracket transmitting rotation of the camshaft to the first cam portion, control shaft, of which a control gear is mounted thereto, slider housing in which the internal bracket is rotatably inserted, to be movable perpendicular to the camshaft and the slider housing on which a guide wall is formed, rocker shaft, first rocker arm rotatably disposed to the rocker shaft of which a first end portion contacts with the first cam and of which a second end portion is connected to a first valve, moving gear disposed within the guide wall, engaged with the control gear and the moving gear to move the slider housing according to rotation of the control shaft and a controller selectively rotating the control shaft.

Abstract: A variable valve timing control device includes a phase detecting portion; a phase control portion driving an electromagnetic solenoid while obtaining a detection signal detected by the phase detecting portion to set a spool to one of a phase control region and a lock region; and a boundary memory portion memorizing a boundary electric current value for referring a boundary between the phase control region and the lock region when the phase control portion operates a phase control; and a characteristic calculation portion obtaining the boundary electric current value by calculation, the boundary electric current value supporting the boundary between the phase control region and the lock region based on solenoid characteristic information of the electromagnetic solenoid and valve characteristic information of an electromagnetic control valve, the characteristic calculation portion memorizing the boundary electric current value to the boundary memory portion.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine includes an intake camshaft, a vacuum pump, an oil pump, and an oil feeding passage serving as an oil supplying path. The vacuum pump includes a rotor and a housing. The vacuum pump is formed with a negative pressure chamber that generates a negative pressure, and an oil path connected to the negative pressure chamber. An atmosphere communication hole for supplying air to the negative pressure chamber through the oil feeding passage and the oil path when the vacuum pump is stopped is arranged in the oil feeding passage. The atmosphere communication hole communicates the negative pressure chamber and the atmosphere before an amount of oil in the housing exceeds an allowable oil amount when the vacuum pump is stopped.

Abstract: Systems for valve actuation in internal combustion engines with a dedicated rocker for actuating the at least one of two or more engine valves in a braking operation may include a biasing component, such as a compression spring, tension spring, spring catch, hydraulic actuator, pneumatic actuator for biasing the dedicated rocker in a biased direction away from the motion source, and a limiting component, such as a physical stop including a set screw or a stop integrated in the biasing component, for limiting the motion of the dedicated rocker in the biased direction. The biasing component and limiting component maintain the dedicated rocker in a controlled state and a positive, neutral position during operation.

Abstract: First and second oil chambers arranged in a cylinder arrangement direction with a partition wall interposed therebetween are formed in a cylinder block. A cylinder head includes first and second communication passages respectively connected to the first and second oil chambers. The communication passages are configured so that a resistance generated when gas is caused to flow from the first oil chamber to a space above the head through the first communication passage is smaller than a resistance generated when gas is caused to flow from the second oil chamber to the space above the head through the second communication passage. The cylinder block includes an oil passage connected to both the oil chambers. The partition wall includes a connection hole for allowing the first and second oil chambers to communicate with each other.

Abstract: An apparatus configured to control fluid distribution in a fluid circulation system. The fluid circulation system is coupled to a fluid container that includes a fluid supply port configured to couple to a fluid supply line of the fluid circulation system, a fluid return port configured to couple to a fluid return line of the fluid circulation system, and a breather port. The apparatus is configured to cause fluid to flow into the fluid container from the fluid circulation system while inhibiting outflow of the fluid from the replaceable fluid container into the fluid circulation system, so as to collect the fluid in the replaceable fluid container, and to cause a gas to flow from the replaceable fluid container through the breather port while inhibiting outflow of the fluid from the replaceable fluid container into the fluid circulation system.

Abstract: A system and method for determining a condition of a filter filtering fuel associated with an engine. Input information relating to the operation of the engine is provided by a plurality of sensors. At least some of the input information is used to determine a plurality of input variables, the plurality of input variables representing a plurality of engine operating conditions including engine run time, engine torque and engine speed. An algorithm incorporating the input variables is used to determine the condition of the filter. Information concerning the condition of the filter may be output to a user such as an operator or service provider.

Abstract: The invention relates to a volume flow control valve with a control function for ventilating the crankcase of an internal combustion engine in a housing between a crank chamber of a crankcase and an intake tract with at least two openings between the crank chamber and the intake tract.

Abstract: A vehicle exhaust system component includes an exhaust tube defining an exhaust gas flow path, a side branch tuning tube connected to the exhaust tube at an interface, and a porous structure associated with the exhaust tube to reduce noise generated at the interface. In one example, the porous structure comprises a perforated orifice in the exhaust tube. In another example, the porous structure comprises a mesh screen or mesh sleeve.

Abstract: A skinning apparatus and a method of skinning a porous ceramic. The apparatus includes an axial skinning manifold. The axial skinning manifold includes a curved adaptive pipe to flow cement in a circumferential direction from an inlet at a first position and through an adaptive opening along an inner bend of the curve through a land channel disposed along the inner bend. The land channel emits the cement at a constant velocity from a land opening extending proximate the first position to a second position spaced apart from the first position. The land outlet emits cement at a constant velocity around the outer periphery of the porous ceramic to dispose a uniform skin thereon as the porous ceramic moves axially relative to the land outlet.

Abstract: An overall exhaust gas purification function based on an NOx reduction function and an HC oxidation function in an NSR catalyst arranged in an exhaust passage of an internal combustion engine is improved. In the NSR catalyst, a portion of an NOx storage catalyst layer supported by a carrier, which extends from its upstream end to an X % (0<X?75) of an overall length thereof along the flow of exhaust gas, forms an upstream side catalyst layer, and a portion of the NOx storage catalyst layer at the downward side of the upstream side catalyst layer along the flow of exhaust gas forms a downstream side catalyst layer. The upstream side catalyst layer does not contain potassium (K) as an NOx storage material, but the downstream side catalyst layer contains potassium (K) as an NOx storage material.

Abstract: An exhaust purification system comprises an air-fuel ratio control device. If the air-fuel ratio detected by the downstream side air-fuel ratio sensor 41 reaches a second judged air-fuel ratio, the air-fuel ratio control device sets the target air-fuel ratio to a third set air-fuel ratio when the air-fuel ratio reaches the second judged air-fuel ratio, and switch the target air-fuel ratio from the third set air-fuel ratio to the second set air-fuel ratio when the air-fuel ratio becomes a value at the stoichiometric air-fuel ratio side from the second judged air-fuel ratio. The first set air-fuel ratio, the first judged air-fuel ratio and the second judged air-fuel ratio are an air-fuel ratio in the first region. The second set air-fuel ratio and the third set air-fuel ratio are an air-fuel ratio in a second region at an opposite side from the first region.

Abstract: A device for providing a liquid additive for exhaust-gas purification, having at least one duct for conducting the liquid additive, the duct having a duct wall which has a first stiffness. There is inserted into the duct an insert component (5) that extends at least in sections along the duct, wherein the insert component is composed of a solid material.

Abstract: The present application provides a mobile selective catalyst reduction system for use at a remote location. The mobile selective catalyst reduction system may include a first trailer with an ammonia delivery system and a tempering air system mounted thereon in whole or in part and a second trailer with a selective catalyst reduction section mounted thereon in whole or in part. The ammonia delivery system, the tempering air system, and/or the selective catalyst reduction section are permanently mounted on the first trailer or the second trailer for use at the remote location.

Abstract: A nitrous oxide (N2O) removal catalyst composite is provided, comprising a N2O removal catalytic material on a substrate, the catalytic material comprising a rhodium (Rh) component supported on a ceria-based support, wherein the catalyst composite has a H2-consumption peak of about 100° C. or less as measured by hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

Abstract: A catalyst article including a substrate with an inlet side and an outlet side, a first zone and a second zone, where the first zone comprises a passive NOx adsorber (PNA) comprising a platinum group metal and a base metal, both on a molecular sieve, and an ammonia slip catalyst (ASC) comprising an oxidation catalyst comprising a platinum group metal on a support, and a first SCR catalyst; where the second zone comprises a catalyst selected from the group consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and a diesel exotherm catalyst (DEC); and where the first zone is located upstream of the second zone. The first zone may include a bottom layer including a blend of: (1) the oxidation catalyst and (2) the first SCR catalyst; and a top layer including a second SCR catalyst, the top layer located over the bottom layer.

Abstract: An exhaust aftertreatment system for an internal combustion engine includes a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) device, an injection system disposed to inject reductant into the exhaust pipe upstream of the SCR device. A single ammonia sensor is disposed to monitor an exhaust gas feedstream downstream of the SCR device. A controller is in communication with the single ammonia sensor and the internal combustion engine and operatively is connected to the injection system. The controller includes an instruction set that is executable to monitor, via the single ammonia sensor, a magnitude of ammonia in the exhaust gas feedstream downstream of the SCR device and determine NOx efficiency of the SCR device based upon the magnitude of ammonia in the exhaust gas feedstream downstream of the SCR device. A fault is detected in the SCR device based upon the NOx efficiency.

Abstract: A tank system for a reducing agent includes: a vessel configured to store the reducing agent, the vessel having: an upper vessel wall, lateral vessel walls, and a lower vessel wall configured to form a base of the vessel; and a heating device disposed in the vessel. At least parts of the heating device are disposed in a part of the base of the lower vessel wall of the vessel.

Abstract: A common rail comprises a shell and a pressure detection apparatus and a pressure adjustment apparatus that are installed on the shell. The shell comprises an inlet passage, an outlet passage, at least one conveyance port that is connected to the inlet passage, and at least one flow return port that is connected to the outlet passage. The pressure detection apparatus is connected to the inlet passage. The pressure adjustment apparatus is connected between the inlet passage and the outlet passage. The pressure adjustment apparatus can connect or disconnect the inlet passage and the outlet passage. Also disclosed is a carbamide spraying system having such a common rail. Because a carbamide solution returned from a nozzle is first gathered inside the common rail and then returns to a carbamide tank through the outlet passage and a return flow pipe, the length of the return flow pipe is reduced.

Abstract: An adjustable exhaust port 2-stroke motorcycle engine with a center adjustable exhaust valve or a split center adjustable exhaust valves includes a closing fork. The closing fork or closing arm base portion is screwed or bolted to a control rod shaft. At least one spring is disposed between a surface of an engine cylinder and the at least one transverse post of an exhaust valve. A first end of the at least one spring is in contact with the surface of an engine cylinder or a surface fixed mounted to the surface of the engine cylinder, and a second end of the spring is in contact with or linked to the at least one transverse post. The center adjustable exhaust valve or either or both of a split center adjustable exhaust valves is spring biased to an open position by the at least one spring at all times.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method for molding a pipe body that can inexpensively mold a pipe body having a tapered portion radially outwardly projecting relative to a large-diameter portion. The method for molding a pipe body comprises: molding of a tubular body by bending an unfolded stock so as to wrap a core metal; and removal of the core metal from inside the tubular body. The core metal comprises a first core metal piece for molding a projecting portion of the tapered portion. During the molding of the tubular body, the first core metal piece at least partly abuts on an inner surface of the projecting portion of the tapered portion, and does not abut on an area of the inner surface of the large-diameter portion located in an opposite side of a central axis of the large-diameter portion from the projecting portion.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cooler arrangement for cooling a cylinder of a combustion engine. The cylinder has a cylinder head and a cylinder liner. The arrangement comprises a cooling circuit with a first flow passage which leads coolant through a lower part of the cylinder head, a second flow passage which leads coolant through an upper part of the cylinder head, and a third flow passage which leads coolant through an upper part of the cylinder liner. The cooling circuit is adapted to initially leading coolant through the first flow passage before it is led in parallel through the second flow passage and the third flow passage.

Abstract: A coolant control valve unit includes a valve housing. The valve housing includes a first coolant supply passage and a second coolant supply passage, a coolant chamber in which coolant supplied through the first and second supply passages gathers, a first distribution passage and a second distribution passage being distributed from the coolant chamber to coolant components, and a bypass passage bypassing the first distribution passage. The coolant control valve unit also includes first and second valves disposed to open and close the first distribution passage and the second supply passage, a thermostat of a temperature sensitive type installed at the bypass and operating by a coolant temperature, a valve operator controlling movement of the first and second valves, respectively, and a wall formed at one side of the thermostat and in which a cooling passage is formed such that the coolant flows from the coolant supply passage to the second distribution passage.

Abstract: The cooling apparatus of the internal combustion engine according to the invention executes an incompletely-warmed state control for supplying the cooling water to the cylinder block water passage from the cylinder head water passage without flowing the cooling water through the radiator and supplying the cooling water to the cylinder head water passage from the cylinder block water passage when the temperature of the cooling water is lower than the engine completely-warmed water temperature at which the engine is estimated to be warmed completely.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for selectively re-cooling intake air downstream of a charge air cooler. In one example, a system may include a cylinder head defining a plurality of cylinders, the cylinder head including a plurality of inlet ports each fluidically coupled to a respective cylinder, a refrigerant supply, and a refrigerant passage surrounding each inlet port and fluidically coupled to the refrigerant supply, the refrigerant passage shaped to correspond to an outer profile of each inlet port.

Abstract: An ignition system for an internal combustion engine that utilizes a single primary coil and a single secondary coil to drive a pair of spark plugs. Current flowing in both a first direction and a second direction passes through the primary coil. The current flowing through the primary coil induces corresponding current in the secondary coil, which flows from the secondary coil to one of two spark plugs. Each spark plug is coupled to the secondary coil such that each of the two spark plugs receives current flowing only in a single direction. The current flowing through the ignition system can be from either a power source or created by the rotation of a flywheel having a series of magnet clusters.

Abstract: A rotating machine includes a rotating body configured to rotate around a central axis, and a casing configured to accommodate at least a part of the rotating body, and the casing, includes a main section made of a metallic material, and a high-porosity section made of the same material as the main section and having a porosity higher than the main section.