Abstract: A method of monitoring detection of an analyte in a liquid sample using a measuring cell, the measuring cell comprising a working electrode for excitation of electrochemiluminescence in the liquid sample, an optical detector for detecting the excited electrochemiluminescence, the excitation and detection being performed in an measurement cycle, the measurement cycle comprising transporting the liquid sample via a transport path to the working electrode using a support liquid, the method comprising: coupling light of a light source into the transport path during part of the measurement cycle, the transport path forming a light guide between the light source and the optical detector, detecting the coupled light by the optical detector, analyzing the detected light for a gas bubble in the transport path, providing a measurement state if the result of the analysis deviates from a target state regarding the presence of a gas bubble in the transport path.

Abstract: A new fluorescence detection method called pyrophosphorolysis activated fluorescence was developed to measure PAP amplification of nucleic acid. A fluorophore-quencher dual-attached blocked primer was used for PAP which has a fluorophore attached to a nucleotide in the internal region or at the 5? end and a quencher attached to a blocked nucleotide at the 3? end. Multiple fluorophore-quencher dual-labeled blocked primers were also used for multiplex PAP, which are attached with different fluorophores to distinguish multiple templates in a reaction.

Abstract: A detection device (10), comprising a sample detection layer (1) provided thereon with a detection reagent reacted with an analyte and a result display region (18), wherein the device further comprises a symbol display layer (2) on which an indicator (21) is processed; after the indicator contacts with a gas which can change the color of the indicator, the indicator changes from a first color to a second color. The present invention also relates to a detection cassette (40) comprising the detection device and a sample detection method capable of visually reading detection results achieved by the detection device.

Abstract: A method for performing a diagnostic test comprises generating a first visual trigger on a display screen of a mobile device responsive to activation of an application on the mobile device. An image of a diagnostic test presently viewed by a camera incorporated with the mobile device is displayed on the display screen of the mobile device. The diagnostic test has a second visual trigger thereon. The image and the first visual trigger are displayed on the display screen at a same time. An image is captured by the application of the diagnostic test responsive to alignment of the first visual trigger with the second visual trigger on the display screen of the mobile device. The captured image is processed to provide test results for the diagnostic test.

Abstract: The quality of objects and workpieces of a manufacturing process is often evaluated based on surface and/or form. An inspection apparatus for optically, in particular deflectometrically, inspecting an object includes a hollow body housing having an opening, the object being positionable in the opening for the inspection; a camera having a plane of focus and a camera direction extending toward the opening of the housing, and being configured to take a plurality of object images of the object situated in the plane of focus; a plurality of light sources arranged around the opening and designed for variably illuminating the plane of focus; and an evaluation unit configured to determine a topography of the object based on the object images.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for identifying frostbite condition of grain seeds using the spectral feature wavebands of the grain seed embryo hyperspectral images. At first, hyperspectral image of the grain seed in the embryo side is collected, and the hyperspectral image in the embryo region of the grain seed is obtained. Then the average spectra is calculated and the wavebands containing noise are eliminated, the spectral feature wavebands are extracted by using related algorithm and the spectra value corresponding with the waveband is obtained. Next, the feature waveband spectral value and the category label of the known frostbite category grain seed are input into the classification model for obtaining the optimal training classification model. Finally, the feature waveband spectral value of each unknown frostbite category grain seed is input into the established model, the frostbite condition of seed is identified.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for inspecting a glass substrate. The apparatus for inspecting a glass substrate includes a stage configured to support the glass substrate, a first light source for irradiating light onto a surface of the glass substrate at a first angle, a first camera for capturing scattered light of the light irradiated from the first light source, a second light source for irradiating light onto the surface of the glass substrate at a second angle greater than the first angle, a second camera for capturing reflected light and scattered light of the light irradiated from the second light source, and a defect detection unit for detecting a defect of the glass substrate using a first image provided by the first camera and a second image provided by the second camera.

Abstract: A flaw detecting apparatus and a method for a plane mirror based on line scanning and ring band stitching are provided. The flaw detecting apparatus comprises: a line scanning detector, an annular illumination source, a rotary table rotatable about a Z axis, a translation table translatable along an X axis and a processor. By translating and rotating the plane mirror to be detected, an entire surface of the plane mirror to be detected can be detected by the line scanning detector, and the flaw of the entire plane mirror to be detected is obtained by a ring band stitching method. The method of line scanning and ring band stitching reduces the imaging distortion, the intermediate data amount, the difficulty in the distortion correction and difficulty in stitching, and improves the detection speed and the detection quality.

Abstract: A dark field inspection system may include an illumination source to generate an illumination beam, one or more illumination optics to direct the illumination beam to a sample at an off-axis angle along an illumination direction, a detector, one or more collection optics to generate a dark-field image of the sample on the detector based on light collected from the sample in response to the illumination beam, and a radial polarizer located at a pupil plane of the one or more collection optics, where the radial polarizer rejects light with radial polarization with respect to a reference point in the pupil plane corresponding to specular reflection of the illumination beam from the sample.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a measuring method and device for measuring surface defects of a cambered optical element, which belongs to the field of photoelectric detection technology. The device includes a sensor measuring head, a rotatable workpiece table, an automatic sampling device, and a spraying device. The sensor measuring head includes an illumination sub-system and a line scan imaging sub-system, the illumination sub-system provides an illumination of high uniformity and high brightness for a surface of a sample to be detected, the rotatable workpiece table and the imaging sub-system are configured for performing a ring belt scanning and a high resolution scatter imaging to the defects on an optical surface region.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to the inspection of pipes, and the like, and more particularly to the remote inspection of ferromagnetic pipes. The invention teaches apparatus comprising, in combination: a vehicle equipped with a plurality of wheels capable of propelling the vehicle within a predetermined ferromagnetic environment to be inspected; means for remotely applying drive forces to said wheels; said wheels including a plurality of passive non-driven rollers; said passive rollers including magnetized means; means for acquiring visual images of the condition of said pipes; and means for remotely accessing said visual images; thereby enabling remote inspection of said pipes. An immediate environment in which the use of the present invention is contemplated is in inspection of ferromagnetic pipes which are located above and/or below ground.

Abstract: Systems and methods for evaluating glass-based substrates for birefringence defects are disclosed. In a one embodiment, a method includes generating an image of the at least one glass-based substrate, and determining at least one transmission curve, wherein the transmission curve plots transmission values versus position along the at least one line. The method further includes determining a defect metric from the at least one transmission curve. The method also includes comparing the defect metric to at least one standard.

Abstract: The invention discloses a numerical control machine tool cutting waste recycling device, which comprises a machine tool base. The machine tool base is provided with a base cavity with an opening facing upward, a collection device is provided at the opening of the base cavity, and a diversion cavity is provided with A vibrating device located below the collecting device, a waste liquid recovery device for recovering cutting waste liquid located below the diversion cavity is provided in the base cavity, and a base liquid is provided in the base cavity. The power device on the right side of the flow cavity is used to provide power for the entire device. The base cavity is provided with a compression device located on the right side of the power device. The compression device is used to compress the cutting waste. Drive the up and down vibration of the recovery tank to reduce the clogging probability of the filter of the recovery tank, thereby reducing the maintenance times of the recovery device.

Abstract: A radiation imaging apparatus is provided. The apparatus includes an imaging unit including pixels and a control unit. Each of the pixels includes a conversion unit and a sample/hold circuit. The control unit causes the imaging unit to perform first imaging and second imaging after the first imaging to generate one energy subtraction image, and controls a timing of causing the sample/hold circuit in the first imaging to sample a first image signal obtained by the first imaging and a timing of causing the sample/hold circuit in the second imaging to sample a second image signal obtained by the second imaging in accordance with radiation irradiation conditions set in advance so as to reduce a difference between an amount of noise contained in the first image signal and an amount of noise contained in the second image signal.

Abstract: Provided are a non-destructive inspection system for detecting the absence or presence of an internal defect of a semiconductor wafer and a location of the internal defect in a non-destructive manner without physically deforming the semiconductor wafer, and a method of operating the non-destructive inspection system. Also provided are a non-destructive inspection system for inspecting response characteristics with respect to X-rays or gamma-rays, and a method of operating the non-destructive inspection system.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus (1) for clamping flat samples (6), in particular pouch battery cells, for x-ray diffractometry, wherein the apparatus has a housing (2) having a sample holder (4), which has holding elements (5) that are able to be tensioned in relation to one another for clamping the sample (6), at least two x-ray windows (11a, 11b, 12) for letting in and out x-rays, and at least one first temperature control device (7) for controlling the temperature of the sample (6). At least one first temperature control device (7) is in each case attached to the holding elements (5), wherein the first temperature control devices (7) are thermally coupled to the housing (2), and the apparatus has at least one second temperature control device (9), which is configured to dissipate heat, which is output by the first temperature control device (7) to the housing (2), out of the housing (3) to the outside and/or to introduce heat from the outside into the housing (2).

Abstract: Mask inspection apparatuses and/or mask inspection methods are provided that enable quick and accurate inspection of a registration of a pattern on a mask while a defect of the mask and the registration of the pattern are inspected simultaneously. The mask inspection apparatus may include a stage configured to receive a mask for inspection; an e-beam array including a plurality of e-beam irradiators configured to irradiate e-beams to the mask and detectors configured to detect electrons emitted from the mask; and a processor configured to process signals from the detectors. A defect of the mask may be detected through processing of the signal and registrations of patterns on the mask may be inspected based on positional information regarding the e-beam irradiators.

Abstract: Disclosed are a procedure and system for live monitoring of staining quality and heavy metal diffusion during electron microscopy preparation protocols for biological samples. The disclosed approach employs x-rays via, e.g., a commercially available micro-CT device, to observe and measure the diffusion and distribution of the heavy metals during conventional biological sample staining procedures for electron microscopy. This allows one to observe and check the quality and homogeneity of the staining without damaging or destroying the sample.

Abstract: A process fluid temperature calculation system includes a first temperature sensor disposed to measure an external temperature of a process fluid conduit. The process fluid temperature calculation system has a stem portion having a known thermal impedance. A second temperature sensor is spaced from the first temperature sensor by the stem portion. Measurement circuitry is coupled to the first and second temperature sensors. A microprocessor is coupled to the measurement circuitry to receive temperature information from the measurement circuitry and to provide an estimate of temperature of process fluid within the process fluid conduit using a heat flux calculation.

Abstract: To obtain a physical quantity detection device that can prevent a thermal influence on a sensor due to downsizing. A physical quantity detection device 20 of the present invention includes a measuring unit 213 protruding from an inner wall of a main passage 22 toward a passage center of the main passage. The physical quantity detection device 20 includes at least one of a flow sensor 205 that detects a flow rate of a measured gas 2, an intake air temperature sensor 203 that detects temperature, a pressure sensor 204 that detects pressure, and a humidity sensor 206 that detects humidity, and the sensors are disposed along a protruding direction of the measuring unit 213.

Abstract: A gas sensing device comprising a substrate comprising an etched cavity portion and a substrate portion, a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate, wherein the dielectric layer comprises a dielectric membrane, wherein the dielectric membrane is adjacent to the etched cavity portion of the substrate, a heater located within the dielectric layer; a material for sensing a gas; and one or more polysilicon electrodes coupled with the material for sensing a gas.

Abstract: A measuring probe for measuring in ground a parameter, the probe having an elongate body with a tip as a leading end and a head as a trailing end, the elongate body having a first and a second member which each extend in a longitudinal direction of the elongate body, the second member provides resistance against bending of the first member when the tip is advanced into the ground by hammering on the head.

Abstract: A fluid process application bag includes a flexible film body having an opening, a port plate sealed around the opening of the flexible film body, a sensor fitting and a sensor contained within the sensor fitting. The port plate has a receptacle defining a passage in fluid communication with an interior of the flexible film body and the sensor fitting has a body portion seated within the passage of the receptacle and is coupled to the receptacle. The sensor has at least one probe communicating with the interior of the flexible film body.

Abstract: A gas sensing device comprising a substrate comprising an etched cavity portion and a substrate portion; a dielectric layer disposed on the substrate. The dielectric layer comprises a dielectric membrane. The dielectric membrane is adjacent to the etched cavity portion of the substrate. The dielectric membrane comprises an etched recess portion, a heater located within the dielectric layer, and a material for sensing a gas. The material for sensing a gas is located within the etched recess portion of the dielectric membrane.

Abstract: A system to determine the ground impedance of a conduit system includes a conductive sheath and a resistor of known value. The conductive sheath is configured to surround a portion of a conductor housed within a conduit system. Capacitive coupling occurs between the sheath and the conductor to establish a voltage source. The resistor is electrically coupled between the voltage source and a metal component of the conduit system, and a voltage drop is read across the resistor to determine the health of the ground impedance of the conduit system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a relative humidity sensor device, comprising a microcontroller and a sensing capacitor connected to a resistor. The microcontroller comprises a pulse width modulator with an output connected via the resistor to the sensing capacitor and an interrupt input connected to the sensing capacitor and a counter. Further, the microcontroller is configured to periodically charge and discharge the sensing capacitor via the resistor by means of the pulse width modulator, determine a number of interrupt events by means of the counter, and determine a charging time of the sensing capacitor based on the determined number of interrupt events.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of calibrating a humidity sensor device, comprising the steps determining a first dew point and a first relative humidity at a first temperature in an environment by the humidity sensor device using a first calibration offset; subsequently heating the humidity sensor device, in particular, by self-heating, thereby heating the environment to a second temperature higher than the first temperature; subsequently determining a second dew point at the second temperature by the humidity sensor device; subsequently determining whether the determined second dew point differs from the determined first dew point by more than a predetermined difference; and subsequently changing the first calibration offset of the humidity sensor device by a predetermined value to obtain a second calibration offset, if it is determined that the determined second dew point differs from the determined first dew point by more than the predetermined difference.

Abstract: Devices, systems, methods and products for measuring concentrations of analytes in-situ, including concentrations of ions, proteins, DNA, and, RNA in a variety of mediums including solutions, suspensions, soils, slurries, biological fluids and living organic material such as agricultural crops. Embodiments of the disclosed inventions measure analyte concentration in-situ without clogging reference electrodes, leaking reference solution or having to dilute a medium prior to taking the analyte measurements. In-situ analyte measurements are made without clogging reference electrodes using a combination of solid-state sensors connected to a transducer, a reference electrode enclosed by a non-porous enclosure and a metallic plug extending from the interior cavity of the non-porous enclosure outwardly exterior to the non-porous enclosure, contacting the medium being measured.

Abstract: A test strip includes a working electrode including a conductive layer and an electro-catalytic layer deposited on the conductive layer. A method for simultaneously detecting a glucose concentration and a percentage of glycated hemoglobin in a single test strip includes following steps: providing a blood sample, providing the aforementioned test strip, performing a sample injecting step, performing an initial step, performing a first detecting step, performing a second detecting step, performing a third detecting step, performing a first analyzing step, and performing a second analysis step.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device including an on-chip electrode platform including one or more three dimensional laser scribed graphene electrodes, methods of making the on-chip electrode platform, methods of analyzing (e.g., detecting, quantifying, and the like) chemicals and biochemicals, and the like.

Abstract: The present patent disclosure concerns a sensor device comprising a sensor electrode for measuring an analyte concentration in an aqueous solution and a method of preparing a sensor electrode, wherein the sensor electrode comprises a substrate having conductive means, a polymer mixture deposited on the sensor electrode adjacent to and/or in contact with the conductive means, wherein the polymer mixture comprises a semiconducting polymer comprised of monomeric units comprising one or more aromatic, preferably thiophene, moieties along a backbone chain and at least two polar side chains covalently bonded to the backbone chain, wherein the semiconducting polymer has an electron and/or hole mobility of at least 1×10?2 cm2V?1s?1, preferably at least 1×10?1 cm2V?1s?1, and wherein the polymer mixture further comprises a hydrophilic polymer comprised of monomeric units comprising one or more carbon-carbon bonds and one or more of hydroxyl, ester, carbonyl or amide moieties, wherein the semiconducting polymer to hydro

Abstract: A portable electrochemical or combustible lower explosive limit gas sensing apparatus includes a housing comprising at least one exterior surface and an interior space. At least one depression is formed in the at least one exterior surface and is adapted to accommodate, at least in part, components of an electrochemical gas sensor or a combustible LEL gas sensor. A processing unit is disposed in the interior space of the housing and is in electrical communication with the electrochemical gas sensor or the combustible LEL gas sensor.

Abstract: A system for calculating a heat index includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, and at least two microphones. The sensors and microphones are in communication with a microprocessor, and the microprocessor is configured to analyze data from the microphones to estimate wind speed and to calculate a heat index using data from the temperature sensor, humidity sensor and the estimated wind speed.

Abstract: A gas sensor includes a housing including a retaining hole, a sensor element including a solid electrolyte and electrodes, an insulator, which retains the sensor element and is located in the retaining hole, and a sealing member, which is formed of a ceramic powder that fills a gap between the retaining hole and the insulator. In the gas sensor, a crimped portion of the housing compresses the sealing member, and the sealing member seals the gap. The housing is formed of ferritic stainless steel the 0.2% proof stress of which is 80 MPa or more at 650° C.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a bio-field effect transistor (BioFET) and a method of fabricating a BioFET device. The method includes forming a BioFET using one or more process steps compatible with or typical to a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. The BioFET device may include a substrate; a gate structure disposed on a first surface of the substrate and an interface layer formed on the second surface of the substrate. The interface layer may allow for a receptor to be placed on the interface layer to detect the presence of a biomolecule or bio-entity.

Abstract: A method for determining a temperature of a sensor for detecting at least one property of a measured gas in a measured-gas space. The sensor includes a sensor-element (SeE) for detecting the property of the measured gas. The SeE includes a first-electrode (FE), a second-electrode (SE), and a solid-electrolyte connecting the FE and SE. The sensor includes an electronic-control-unit.

Abstract: Various devices, systems and methods of detecting a susceptibility of one or more infectious agents to one or more anti-infectives are described herein. In one embodiment, a method of detecting the susceptibility of the infectious agents to the anti-infectives involves introducing a sample comprising the infectious agents to a filter comprising a filter surface. The filter surface can be configured to capture the infectious agents in the sample. The method can also involve introducing a solution to the filter surface such that the solution is in fluid communication with the infectious agents captured on the filter surface. The solution can comprise nutrients and one or more anti-infectives. The method can further involve monitoring an oxidation reduction potential (ORP) of the solution using one or more parameter analyzers coupled to a sensor currently in fluid communication with the solution to assess the susceptibility of the infectious agents to the anti-infectives.

Abstract: The invention described herein provides, in part, improved methods, compositions, and kits for detecting analytes in biological samples.

Abstract: Provided is a device comprising a channel through and defined by a plurality of layers surrounding the channel, the channel connecting a first and a second chambers separated by the plurality of layers, wherein the plurality of layers comprise a first layer, a second layer; and a conductive middle layer disposed between the first and second layers, wherein the channel comprises (a) a first region defined by the first layer, denoted as an inlet, that is about 0.5 nm to about 100 nm in diameter and (b) a second region defined by the second layer, denoted as an outlet, wherein the inlet and the outlet are about 10 nm to about 1000 nm apart from each other, and wherein the first and second chambers and the middle layer are connected to a power supply. Also provided are methods of preparing and using the device, in particular for nucleic acid sequencing.

Abstract: Devices and methods generate an ordered restriction map of genomic DNA extracted from whole cells, nuclei, whole chromosomes, or other sources of long DNA molecules. The devices have a fluidic microchannel that merges into a reaction nanochannel that merges into a detection nanochannel at an interface where the nanochannel diameter decreases in size by between 50% to 99%. Intact molecules of DNA are transported to the reaction nanochannel and then fragmented in the reaction nanochannel using restriction endonuclease enzymes. The reaction nanochannel is sized and configured so that the fragments stay in an original order until they are injected into the detection nanochannel. Signal at one or more locations along the detection nanochannel is detected to map fragments in the order they occur along a long DNA molecule.

Abstract: A gas path flow monitoring apparatus for an ion mobility spectrometer includes: an ion migration tube, a sensor group, and monitoring device. The ion migration tube has a drift gas inlet, a carrier gas inlet for a sample gas, and an exhaust outlet. The sensor group comprises a drift gas intake quantity sensor connected to the drift gas inlet, a carrier gas intake quantity sensor connected to the carrier gas inlet, and an exhaust quantity sensor connected to the exhaust outlet. The monitoring device is connected to the sensor group to monitor a drift gas intake quantity sensed by the drift gas intake quantity sensor, a carrier gas intake quantity sensed by the carrier gas intake quantity sensor, and an exhaust quantity sensed by the exhaust quantity sensor.

Abstract: An additive manufacturing apparatus for manufacture of aluminum parts layer-by-layer, the apparatus comprising an eddy current sensor for in-process measuring of contour and defects of manufactured layers with a defect resolution of at least 0.25 mm. Preferably, the eddy current sensor is embodied as a differential mode line sensor with dual use of sensor coils. Preferably, the array of the line sensor comprises a zig-zag-arrangement of sensor coils with a cross section of 0.15 mm2 maximal and with a core with an initial magnetic permeability of at least 5000, preferably a permalloy or metal glass coil core.

Abstract: A fluidic device includes at least one bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator structure with a functionalized active region, and at least one first (inlet) port defined through a cover structure arranged over a fluidic passage containing the active region. At least a portion of the at least one inlet port is registered with the active region, permitting fluid to be introduced in a direction orthogonal to a surface of the active region bearing functionalization material. Such arrangement promotes mixing proximate to a BAW resonator structure surface, thereby reducing analyte stratification, increasing analyte binding rate, and reducing measurement time.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a resonant sensor having excellent sensitivity and selectivity with respect to a component to be detected that is contained at a low concentration in the system. A resonant sensor of the present invention has a receiving layer that contains a polymer having a repeating unit represented by Formula (1). In Formula, R1 represents an alkyl group. A plurality of R1's may be the same as or different from each other. R2 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or an aryl group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for ultrasonic inspection of a multi-layered, ML, plate with a stiffener attached on a first surface of the ML plate. The apparatus includes a transmitter directing a first ultrasonic beam along a first guiding medium to the ML plate, along a first axis at an angle to the first surface, the first axis being within a transmission angle with respect to a first normal perpendicular to the first surface, and a receiver for receiving a transmitted ultrasonic beam originating from the first beam after passing through the ML plate along a second axis of a second guiding medium for directing the transmitted beam. The apparatus is configured for setting the transmission angle of the first axis of the first beam to let the second axis pass through a location beneath the stiffener beneath the first surface to which the stiffener is attached.

Abstract: The present disclosure can provide for an ultrasonic welding method for a pair of workpieces. The method can include first pressing an ultrasonic welding stack against a first workpiece in the pair so that the first workpiece comes into contact with a second workpiece in the pair. The method can then provide for initiating a weld phase by outputting energy from the ultrasonic welding stack to the first workpiece. The method can provide for monitoring, with at least one sensor, a sensed parameter. The sensed parameter can be, for example, weld force and/or weld force rate of change. The method can provide for determining whether the sensed parameter has reached a predetermined level. Based on determining that the sensed parameter has reached the predetermined level, the method can provide for ending the weld phase.

Abstract: The invention provides embodiments of an apparatus and for improved, higher quality and higher resolution acoustic impedance scanning of an object through a barrier. Such acoustic impedance scanning can be employed to obtain biometric information of a person via fingerprint pattern.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ultrasonic detection system (140) in an arrangement (100) for handling screening material (102), e.g. aggregate, ore or similar. The ultrasonic detection system (140) comprises an ultrasonic transmitter (151a) arranged at a surface (142a) of the arrangement (100), and adapted to send out an ultrasonic signal (154a) towards the surface (142a), an ultrasonic receiver (152a) arranged at the surface (142a), and adapted to receive the ultrasonic signal (154a), and a control unit (160) connected to the at least one ultrasonic transmitter (151a) and the at least one ultrasonic receiver (152a). The invention also relates to a method for monitoring operation of an arrangement (100) for handling screening material (102).

Abstract: A machine tool includes: a first calculator configured to calculate a first frequency characteristic based on a first oscillation signal and a measurement signal of a physical quantity measured by a measurement unit when the drive shaft of a servo motor swings in accordance with the first oscillation signal; and a second calculator configured to calculate a second frequency characteristic based on a second oscillation signal and a measurement signal of the physical quantity measured by the measurement unit when the drive shaft of the servo motor swings in accordance with the second oscillation signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure is related to a photoacoustic sensor modular assembly. An example interconnect module includes a support structure configured to be situated between an emitter module of the photoacoustic sensor and a detector module of the photoacoustic sensor. The emitter module may include an emitter component and the detector module may include a detector component. The interconnect module may include a conductive element configured to connect to at least one of the emitter component or the detector component.