Abstract: Provided herein is technology relating to sequencing nucleic acids and particularly, but not exclusively, to methods, compositions, and systems for sequencing a nucleic acid using one or more labels and signal amplitude to distinguish bases.

Abstract: A method of analyzing a molecule is disclosed. A lipid bilayer is formed such that it divides a first reservoir characterized by a first reservoir osmolarity from a second reservoir characterized by a second reservoir osmolarity. An electrolyte solution is flowed to the first reservoir that tends to make a first change to a ratio of the first reservoir osmolarity to the second reservoir osmolarity. A voltage is applied across the lipid bilayer, wherein the lipid bilayer is inserted with a nanopore, and wherein a net transfer of ions between the first reservoir and the second reservoir tends to make a second change to the ratio of the first reservoir osmolarity to the second reservoir osmolarity, and wherein the first change to the ratio and the second change to the ratio tends to counter-balance each other.

Abstract: A method of determining the methylation status of at least one methylation site of a double-stranded DNA molecule is disclosed. The method comprises analyzing the methylation status of both the forward strand and the reverse strand of the DNA molecule.

Abstract: The invention relates to methods and kits for determining the presence of a mutation selected from the group consisting of 1555A>G and 1494C>T in human Mitochondrially Encoded 12S RNA (MTRNR1) gene in a sample from a subject, comprising, inter alia, amplifying at least part of the MTRNR1 gene and detecting the amplified DNA with a plasmonic gold nanoparticle covalently coupled to a morpholino oligonucleotide probe. The claimed method may be used for determining the risk of a subject to Aminoglycoside-induced hearing loss.

Abstract: This document provides methods and materials related to treating a disease. For example, this document provides methods for treating a subject's disease based on identifying the risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy PML using a genetic test.

Abstract: A COTL1 gene or protein maintains and regulates the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells. A method of diagnosis and treatment of blood-related disease caused either by abnormalities in the homeostasis of hematopoietic stem cells, which result from a mutation in the COTL1 gene or a decrease in the expression of the COTL1 protein, or by an imbalance between the differentiation or proliferation and damage or death of hematopoietic stem cells, or by abnormalities in mitochondrial homeostasis. The COTL1 gene or protein plays an important role in regulating mitochondrial morphology, and when it is knocked down, the number of hematopoietic stem cells decreases.

Abstract: In one aspect, the invention provides a method of detecting cerebral palsy in a subject. The method includes: determining a methylation state for each of a plurality of cytosine-guanine dinucleotide (CpG) sites in a sample obtained from the subject, calculating a differential methylation level based on the methylation states of the plurality of CpG sites, and comparing the differential methylation level to a predetermined reference level. When the differential methylation level deviates from the predetermined reference level, the presence of cerebral palsy is indicated in the patient.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods and kits for evaluating Huntington's disease (HD) activity, including in patients undergoing treatment for HD or a candidate treatment for HD, as well as in animal and cell models. Specifically, the present disclosure provides biomarkers (sRNA predictors) that are binary predictors of disease activity, and are useful for detecting and/or evaluating HD disease stage, grade and progression, prognosis, and response to therapy or candidate therapy. The biomarkers are further useful in the context of drug discovery and clinical trials, to identify candidate pharmaceutical interventions (or other therapies) that are useful for the treatment of disease.

Abstract: Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of methods of diagnosing and treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). In particular, the present disclosure provides in part a panel of IBD biomarkers useful in diagnosing and making treatment decisions. In addition, the present disclosure provides methods of treating IBD with a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) inhibitor or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and computer-readable storage media related to cell-free DNA and uses thereof to determine risk of a condition, such as transplant rejection or cancer, in a subject.

Abstract: Methods of diagnosing and treating disorders related to excess eosinophil numbers or activity, including but not limited to asthma, are provided. Also provided are methods of selecting or identifying patients for treatment with certain therapeutic agents that are TH2 pathway inhibitors.

Abstract: The present disclosure describes significant methylation changes in multiple genes and multiple metabolites in body fluid in response to TBI. Gene pathways affected included several known to be involved in neurological and brain function. A large number of good to excellent biomarkers for the detection of TBI was identified. The combination of epigenomic, clinical and metabolomic markers in different combinations overall were highly accurate for the detection of pediatric concussion using Artificial Intelligence-based techniques.

Abstract: The invention relates to genes, gene polymorphisms, and genetic profiles associated with an elevated or a reduced risk of alternative complement cascade deregulation disease such as AMD. The invention provides methods and reagents for determination of risk, diagnosis and treatment of such diseases. In an embodiment, the present invention provides methods and reagents for determining sequence variants in the genome of a patient which facilitate assessment of risk for developing such diseases.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions and methods for cancer diagnosis, research and therapy, including but not limited to, cancer markers. In particular, the present invention relates to ncRNAs as diagnostic markers and clinical targets for prostate, lung, breast and pancreatic cancer.

Abstract: The invention provides oncogenomic methods for detecting tumors by identifying circulating tumor DNA. A patient-specific reference directed acyclic graph (DAG) represents known human genomic sequences and non-tumor DNA from the patient as well as known tumor-associated mutations. Sequence reads from cell-free plasma DNA from the patient are mapped to the patient-specific genomic reference graph. Any of the known tumor-associated mutations found in the reads and any de novo mutations found in the reads are reported as the patient's tumor mutation burden.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for diagnosing prostate cancer and especially diagnosing LG, HG, PrCa Met and CRPC. Specifically, the present invention relates to methods for in vitro diagnosing prostate cancer in a human individual comprising: 1) determining the expression of one or more genes chosen from the group consisting of ACSM1, ALDH3B2, CGREF1, COMP, C19orf48, DLX1, GLYATL1, MS4A8B, NKAIN1, PPFIA2, PTPRT, TDRD1 and/or UGT2B15; and 2) establishing up regulation of expression of said one or more genes as compared to expression of the respective one or more genes in a sample from an individual without prostate cancer thereby providing said diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Abstract: Circulating free RNA (cfRNA) and/or circulating tumor RNA (ctRNA) are employed to identify and quantitate expression levels of various genes and further allows for non-invasive monitoring of changes in such genes. Moreover, analysis of ct/cfRNA (and ct/cfDNA) enable detection, prediction, and monitoring of cancer status based on the presence of circulating free cfRNA and/or ctRNA, and further identify or determine a treatment and the response to the treatment.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of monitoring bladder cancer patients and analyzing patient samples for presence of methylated DNA and optionally particular gene mutations. In some embodiments, analysis results are correlated with clinical outcome measures such as risk of bladder cancer recurrence.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for easily detecting a transcript resulting from a fusion gene and/or exon skipping. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a probe set for determining the presence or expression level of a transcript of a fusion gene on the genome, a probe set for determining the presence or expression level of a transcript resulting from exon skipping, a kit comprising the probe set, a method for determining the presence or expression level of a transcript of a fusion gene on the genome by using the probe set, and a method for determining the presence or expression level of a transcript resulting from exon skipping.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods and compositions for the detection of in-frame deletion germline mutations in the CALR gene. Also provided are methods for determining the prognosis of myeloproliferative diseases and the likelihood of developing somatic mutations in genes involved in the JAK-STAT pathway.

Abstract: Nucleic acid oligonucleotide sequences are disclosed which include amplification oligomers and probe oligomers which are useful for detecting multiple types of human papillomaviruses (HPV) associated with cervical cancer. Methods for detecting multiple HPV types in biological specimens by amplifying HPV nucleic acid sequences in vitro and detecting the amplified products are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed in the present invention is a recombinant Escherichia coli and application thereof. The recombinant Escherichia coli was deposited on Aug. 28, 2018 in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center with the preservation number CGMCC No. 16349. The recombinant Escherichia coli is fermented and cultured, and the concentration of Microcin J25 in the supernatant can reach 4000 mg/L or more.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for inducing cell cycle reentry of postmitotic cell. The present disclosure further provides cells and compositions for treating diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, neural disorders, hearing loss, and diabetes.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to improve the efficiency when operating the melting/refining furnace of the cold iron source using a burners and a lance, or during refining, and the present invention provides a method for operating a melting/refining furnace comprising a through hole so as to penetrate a furnace wall, at least one burners provided in the through hole; and at least one lances installed in an oxidant gas supply hole provided above the through-hole for the burner, wherein an amount of oxygen introduced in the melting step is adjusted to a range calculated based on a the furnace volume.

Abstract: A process for the industrial production of wear-resistant steel pipes having an optimized life. The process includes providing a wear-resistant, hardenable steel sheet in an unhardened or tempered state, shaping the steel sheet into a tubular preform in which two longitudinal edges of the steel sheet are positioned opposite one another with a welding gap extending between the two edges, welding the longitudinal edges by forming a welded seam which closes the welding gap, thereby forming a steel pipe, and heat treating the steel pipe. The heat treatment of the steel pipe includes heating the steel pipe at an average heating rate of 5-400 K/s to a hold temperature which is ? the Ac3 temperature of the steel and ?1100° C., holding the steel pipe at the hold temperature for 1-120 s, and cooling the steel pipe at an average cooling rate of 10-600 K/s to room temperature.

Abstract: The residual ductility of currently available press hardened steel is approximately six percent. This characteristic of the material is primarily due to the fully martensitic microstructure in the hot stamped condition. The present alloys and processing improve the residual ductility of steels for use in press hardening applications. A series of specialized heat treatments were applied to a variety of new alloys to obtain higher residual ductility and a significant volume fraction of retained austenite in the as-hot stamped microstructure.

Abstract: Provided are a steel cord and a single steel wire having excellent straightness quality for reinforcing tire and a method of manufacturing the steel cord and single steel wire. The steel cord and the single steel wire include a wire undergoing through a drawing process, a heating process performed in a state in which tension is applied to the wire, and a cooling process; and a winding portion on which the wire is wound, the winding portion having a diameter greater than a diameter of the wire, wherein, when an end of the wire that has been wound on the winding portion for six months to one year is fixed on a point and the wire is pulled down vertically to 400 mm, a distance between a first axis that is perpendicular to the point and an opposite end of the wire is 30 mm or less. The method of manufacturing the steel cord and single steel wire having excellent straightness quality for reinforcing tire includes: a wire preparing process, a heating process, a cooling process, and a winding process.

Abstract: A method for operating a continuous processing line including an annealing step for the production of continuously processed rolled steel strip using a computer aided dynamic property predictive control model.

Abstract: Described is a method of recovering a metal from a substrate having a metal sulphide, metal oxide, or combination thereof, by contacting the substrate with an aqueous oxidant to oxidize the metal sulphide to elemental sulphur and oxidized metal or convert the complex metal oxide to a metal salt, contacting the oxidized metal or simple metal oxide with ammonium hydroxide to form soluble a ammine complex of the metal to obtain a leachate and residual solids; separating the leachate from the residual solids; and recovering the metal.

Abstract: Suggested is a method for recovering precious metals from secondary resources comprising or consisting of the following steps: (a) providing a source of solid waste material comprising precious metals in an amount of at least 0.0001% b.w.; (b) bringing said waste material into contact with heterotrophic micro-organisms capable of producing and releasing hydrocyanic acid; (c) adding a solvent or an aqueous nutrient solution capable of serving as a nutrient source for said micro-organisms to the mixture; (d) depleting said waste materials from the precious metals contained therein by complexation of the metals with said hydrocyanic acid released by said micro-organisms; (e) separating the depleted solid waste material from the liquid containing the metal-cyano complexes; (f) recovering the precious metals from their cyano-complexes in known manner.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the extraction of lithium from liquid resources such as natural and synthetic brines, leachate solutions from clays and minerals, and recycled products.

Abstract: An apparatus for separating and recovering the components of an alloy, particularly a noble alloy, including a high vacuum chamber housing at least one crucible for the alloy to be separated; at least one heating element arranged, during use, around the crucible; at least one condensation device, which faces, during use, an upper mouth of the crucible. The particularity of the present invention resides in that the condensation device includes at least one cold element and at least one deflector that is adapted to divert the flow of the aeriform substances derived from the melting and evaporation of the alloy toward the cold element. The invention also relates to a process for separating and recovering the components of an alloy, particularly a noble alloy.

Abstract: The present invention provides an automated device for degassing and/or foaming of metals and their alloys and process thereof. Said automated device for degassing and/or foaming of molten metals and their alloys and a process facilitates in controlled degassing and/or foaming of molten metals and thereby increases tensile strength, impact strength, hardness, malleability, corrosion resistance, conductivity of metals and their alloys and further eliminates the use of harmful chemicals and injectable gases in degasification of metal and alloys. Present automated device mainly comprises of plurality of sonic generator 1, controller 2, first assembly 3, second assembly 4, third assembly 5, fourth assembly 6. Said process comprises of steps including; 1. Selecting the mode of operation and setting parameters; 2. Activating said assemblies and facilitating Formation of ultrasonic cavitation in metal and their alloys; 3. Degas sing of the molten metal and their alloys due to formation of micro bubbles.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to pre-treatment of precious metal-bearing oxide ores, prior to precious metal leaching by thiosulfate. The process comprises mixing oxide ore in oxygenated water in the presence of a carbon-based material (e.g., activated carbon or other type of carbon). The carbon-based material can be separated from the ore slurry, and, the gold is thereafter leached by a thiosulfate lixiviant.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of producing titanium and titanium alloy nanopowder from titanium-containing slag through a shortened process. The method includes: (1) subjecting titanium-containing slag to high-temperature oxidation and enrichment and then melting to precipitate titanium-enriched slag; (2) subjecting the titanium-enriched slag to pulverization and gravity flotation; (3) carrying out secondary enrichment; (4) preparing a molten salt reaction system; (5) synthesizing titanium and salt-containing titanium alloy nanopowder by reduction reaction; and (6) vacuum filtering, pickling, washing and vacuum drying the salt-containing titanium alloy nanopowder; and then separating titanium alloy nanopowder from the molten salt. Using the present method, the titanium-containing slag can be continuously treated to produce titanium and titanium alloy nanopowder. It requires a shortened process, a simple equipment and low energy consumption.

Abstract: Provided is aluminum (Al) alloy foam including an Al alloy matrix containing magnesium (Mg), and hollow ceramic spheres dispersed in the Al alloy matrix, wherein a reaction layer including a Mg—Al composite oxide is formed at an interface where the Al alloy matrix is in contact with the hollow ceramic spheres, and wherein a density of the Al alloy foam may be higher at a surface region of the Al alloy foam compared to a middle region of the Al alloy foam.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a HEA foam prepared by selective dissolution of a second phase within a two-phase separating alloy comprising the HEA and a manufacturing method thereof. The manufacturing method of the HEA foam of the present invention has the effect of preparing a novel HEA foam, which was not available in the past, by leaving only a first phase after manufacturing a two-phase separating alloy comprising a first phase by HEA, wherein at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. Furthermore, the HEA foam of the present invention has a structure, wherein pores are distributed inside the HEA, in which at least 3 metal elements act as a common solvent. By adding a functional characteristic of low heat conductivity, etc., to the existing high strength characteristic of HEA, the HEA foam of the present invention can exhibit a complex effect by the combination of the two particular effects, thereby being capable of exhibiting excellent physical characteristics.

Abstract: This free-cutting copper alloy comprises 75.4-78.7% Cu, 3.05-3.65% Si, 0.10-0.28% Sn, 0.05-0.14% P, and at least 0.005% to less than 0.020% Pb, with the remainder comprising Zn and inevitable impurities. The composition satisfies the following relations: 76.5?f1=Cu+0.8×Si?8.5×Sn+P?80.3; 60.7?f2=Cu?4.6×Si?0.7×Sn?P?62.1; and 0.25?f7=P/Sn?1.0. The area percentage (%) of respective constituent phases satisfies the following relations: 28???67; 0???1.0; 0???0.2; 0???1.5; 97.4?f3=?+?; 99.4?f4=?+?+?+?; 0?f5=?+??2.0; and 30?f6=?+6×?1/2+0.5×??70. The long side of the ? phase is at most 40 ?m, the long side of the ? phase is at most 25 ?m, and ? phase is present in ? phase.

Abstract: An aluminium alloy comprising lithium with improved mechanical strength and toughness. The invention relates to a 2XXX wrought alloy product comprising from 0.05 to 1.9% by weight of Li and from 0.005 to 0.045% by weight of Cr and/or of V. The invention also relates to an as-cast 2XXX alloy product comprising from 0.05 to 1.9% by weight of Li and from 0.005 to 0.045% by weight of Cr and/or of V. Finally, the invention relates to an aircraft structure element, preferably a lower surface or upper surface element, the skin and stiffeners of which originate from the same starting material, a spar or a rib, comprising a wrought product.

Abstract: A high-strength galvanized steel sheet includes a steel sheet and a particular galvanized layer. The steel sheet has a particular composition and a steel microstructure. The steel microstructure contains ferrite and carbide-free bainite constituting 25% or less (including 0%) by area fraction in total, tempered martensite and carbide-containing bainite constituting 70% to 97% by area fraction in total, martensite and retained austenite constituting 3% to 20% by area fraction in total, and retained austenite constituting 1% to 5% by area fraction. The ferrite, the carbide-free bainite, the martensite, and the retained austenite constitute 3% to 30% by area fraction in total. The retained austenite has a C content of 0.10% to 0.50%. The carbide-containing bainite and the tempered martensite have an average grain size of 5 to 20 ?m.

Abstract: A gas turbine disk material according to the present invention contains: C: from 0.05 to 0.15%; Ni: from 0.25 to 1.50%; Cr: from 9.0 to 12.0%; Mo: from 0.50 to 0.90%; W: from 1.0 to 2.0%; V: from 0.10 to 0.30%; Nb: from 0.01 to 0.10%; Co: from 0.01 to 4.0%; B: from 0.0005 to 0.010%; N: from 0.01 to 0.05%; Mn: 0.40% or less; Si: 0.10% or less; and Al: 0.020% or less. A balance is of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Additionally, as a heat treatment method, a quenching temperature of a forged material having the component composition is set within a range from 1050 to 1150° C.

Abstract: A steel with high hardness and excellent toughness contains, in mass %, 0.55-1.10% C, 0.10-2.00% Si, 0.10-2.00% Mn, 0.030% or less P, 0.030% or less S, 1.10-2.50% Cr, and 0.010-0.10% Al, with the balance consisting of Fe and unavoidable impurities. The structure of the steel after quenching is a dual phase structure of martensitic structure and spheroidized carbide. Spheroidized cementite particles with an aspect ratio of 1.5 or less constitute at least 90% of all cementite particles. The proportion of the number of spheroidized cementite particles on the prior austenite grain boundaries to a total number of cementite particles is 20% or less.

Abstract: According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a steel containing, by unit mass %, C: 0.08% to 0.12%, Si: 0.05% to 0.50%, Mn: 1.50% to 3.00%, P: 0.040% or less, S: 0.020% or less, V: 0.010% or less, Ti: 0.010% or less, Nb: 0.005% or less, Cr: 1.00% to 2.50%, Cu: 0.01% to 0.50%, Ni: 0.75% to 1.60%, Mo: 0.10% to 0.50%, Al: 0.025% to 0.050%, N: 0.0100% to 0.0200%, Ca: 0% to 0.0100%, Zr: 0% to 0.0100%, Mg: 0% to 0.0100%, and a remainder including Fe and impurities, in which a ratio of an Al content to a N content is 2.6 or less, a ratio of a Mn content to a Ni content is 1.5 or more and 3.0 or less.

Abstract: An Al—Si-alloy coated steel strip for hot press forming and to a method for producing the Al—Si-alloy coated steel strip in a continuous coating process.

Abstract: Various embodiments include a gas turbine seal and methods of forming such seal. The method of forming the seal includes forming a freestanding ceramic seal for sealing in a gas turbine by applying a ceramic material on a substrate to form a ceramic layer, removing the substrate from the ceramic layer and finishing the ceramic layer to define the freestanding ceramic seal. The method includes depositing particles of the ceramic material in one of a molten or vapor state on a surface of the substrate and quenching the ceramic material to form the ceramic layer. The ceramic material comprises yttria-stabilized zirconia having a t? tetragonal structure. A gas turbine including the freestanding ceramic seal is additionally disclosed.

Abstract: A vapor deposition mask (100) includes a resin layer (10) having a first primary surface (11) and a second primary surface (12), and having a plurality of openings (13), and a metal layer (20) having a third primary surface (21) and a fourth primary surface (22), and provided on the first primary surface of the resin layer so that the fourth primary surface is located on the resin layer side, wherein the metal layer is shaped so that the plurality of openings are exposed therethrough. A portion of the first primary surface of the resin layer that is in contact with the metal layer, a portion of the first primary surface of the resin layer that is not in contact with the metal layer, and the third primary surface of the metal layer each include a rough surface region having a depressed/protruding shape.

Abstract: A component includes a film containing polycrystalline yttrium oxide. In an X-ray diffraction pattern of the film, a ratio Im/Ic of a maximum intensity Im of a peak attributed to monoclinic yttrium oxide to a maximum intensity Ic of a peak attributed to cubic yttrium oxide satisfies an expression: 0?Im/Ic?0.002.

Abstract: A method of forming a film on a substrate with sputtering film formation by an ion beam emitted from an ion source, the method including: disposing a sputtering target between the substrate and the ion source; and sputtering a surface of the sputtering target that faces the ion source by the ion beam to form the film on the substrate.

Abstract: In various embodiments, evaporation sources for deposition processes have disposed therearound an insulation material configurable to fit snugly around the source body of the evaporation source and to be at least partially distanced away from the source body to expedite heat transfer therefrom.

Abstract: Superalloy workpiece including a superalloy substrate and an interface layer (IF-1) of essentially the same superalloy composition directly on a surface of the superalloy substrate, followed by a transition layer (TL) of essentially the same superalloy and supperalloy oxides or a different metal composition and different metal oxides whereby oxygen content of the transition layer is increasing from IF-1 towards a barrier layer (IF-2) of super alloy oxides or of different metal oxides.