Abstract: A cleaning robot system including a robot and a robot maintenance station. The robot includes a robot body, a drive system, a cleaning assembly, and a cleaning bin carried by the robot body and configured to receive debris agitated by the cleaning assembly. The robot maintenance station includes a station housing configured to receive the robot for maintenance. The station housing has an evacuation passageway exposed to a top portion of the received robot. The robot maintenance station also includes an air mover in pneumatic communication with the evacuation passageway and a collection bin carried by the station housing and in pneumatic communication with the evacuation passageway. The station housing and the robot body fluidly connect the evacuation passageway to the cleaning bin of the received robot. The air mover evacuates debris held in the robot cleaning bin to the collection bin through the evacuation passageway.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dish washer having a heat pump, and the dish washer may include a washing tank provided with a sump at a bottom surface thereof and provided with an accommodation space for storing dishes therein; a heat pump system provided with an evaporator, a compressor that compresses and circulates refrigerant, a condenser that heats washing water for washing the dishes, and an expansion apparatus; and a heat exchange system that exchanges heat between water for heat transfer to the refrigerant and the evaporator, thereby enhancing the heat exchange performance and efficiency of the evaporator.

Abstract: A batch dishwasher is realized as a hood-type dishwasher having a treatment chamber (2) with at least one recirculating wash system for spraying wash liquid in the treatment chamber (2), and has at least one final rinse system for spraying final rinse liquid in the treatment chamber (2). The treatment chamber (2) has a first treatment zone (6) and at least one further, second treatment zone (7), wherein items of washware can be treated independently of one another and at least temporarily at the same time in the first and in the at least one second treatment zone (6, 7). The two treatment zones (6, 7) are physically separated from one another by a partition (50) such that when wash liquid is sprayed in one of the two treatment zones (6, 7), recontamination in the other treatment zone (7, 6) is effectively prevented.

Abstract: A system for conveying dishware through a cleaning cycle. The system includes a conveyance assembly having a receiving surface to receive and retain dishware. The conveyance assembly rotates the receiving surfaces about an axis to convey the dishware to each of at least two unique locations. A corresponding system and method are also disclosed and claimed herein.

Abstract: A dishwasher includes: a dishwasher body including a tub that defines a washing space and a sump disposed vertically below the tub and configured to accommodate washing water; a heat pump including a compressor, a condenser, an expansion apparatus, and an evaporator; a drain storage unit connected to a drain pipe of the sump and configured to receive washing water discharged from the sump; a drain pipe open-close valve that opens and closes the drain pipe; and a controller that controls the heat pump and the drain pipe open-close valve. The evaporator is configured to exchange heat with the drain storage unit, and the controller controls the drain pipe open-close valve to open the drain pipe to move washing water of the sump to the drain storage unit when the sump is drained.

Abstract: A dish washer includes: a washing tank having an accommodation space for storing dishes therein; an injection arm disposed inside the washing tank, and provided with a plurality of nozzles to selectively inject washing water and air to the dishes according to a washing stroke and a drying stroke; a duct unit that defines a passage for delivering the air to the injection arm; a suction fan provided inside the duct unit to suction the air and supply the air to the injection arm; and an air heating element that heats the air to be supplied to the injection arm.

Abstract: A method for controlling a dish washer includes: supplying washing water to a water storage unit; delivering washing water from the water storage unit to the washing tank; heating washing water in the sump by a first heat exchanger disposed in the sump; injecting heated washing water through an injection arm; recovering heat from heated washing water by the first heat exchanger and transferring heat to a second heat exchanger disposed in the water storage unit after completion of washing; and discharging washing water cooled by the first heat exchanger from the sump to an outside. The dish washer includes a heat pump system including the first heat exchanger, the second heat exchanger, an expansion apparatus, that expands refrigerant received from the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger, a compressor that compresses and circulates refrigerant received from the first heat exchanger or the second heat exchanger.

Abstract: A dish washer includes: a washing tank including a sump at a bottom surface thereof; a water storage unit disposed inside or outside the washing tank to store washing water to be supplied to the washing tank; a heat pump system including a compressor that compresses and circulates refrigerant, a first heat exchanger disposed in the sump, an expansion apparatus, and a second heat exchanger disposed in the water storage unit to heat washing water for washing the dishes; and a reverse valve that changes a flow of refrigerant flowing through each of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to allow each of the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger to be switched from each other between a heating mode for heating the washing water and a heat recovery mode for recovering heat from washing water discharged to the outside from the washing tank.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dishwasher having a heat pump, including a dishwasher body provided with a tub configured with a washing space therein and a sump provided at a bottom of the tub to temporarily accommodate washing water; a spray arm provided inside the washing space to spray washing water; a circulation pump that pumps the washing water of the sump; a washing water guide that guides the washing water pumped by the circulation pump to the spray arm; a heat pump provided with a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion apparatus, and a condenser provided to exchange heat in contact with the washing water of the washing water guide; and a controller that controls the heat pump to increase the temperature of the washing water of the washing water guide. As a result, it may be possible to suppress heat loss from being generated while heating washing water.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dishwasher having a heat pump, including a dishwasher body provided with a tub configured with a washing space therein and a sump provided at a bottom of the tub to temporarily accommodate washing water; a heat pump having a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion apparatus, and a sump condenser provided inside the sump to exchange heat with washing water inside the sump; and a controller that controls the heat pump to be driven so as to increase the temperature of the washing water inside the sump. As a result, a heating time of washing water may be shortened, thereby suppressing washing time from being prolonged.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dishwasher having a heat pump, including a dishwasher body provided with a tub configured with a washing space therein and a sump provided at a bottom of the tub to temporarily accommodate washing water; a heat pump having a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion apparatus, and a condenser provided on an inner bottom surface of the tub to exchange heat with washing water inside the tub; and a controller that controls the heat pump to be driven to increase the temperature of the washing water inside the tub. As a result, the heating time of washing water may be shortened.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a dishwasher having a heat pump, including a dishwasher body provided with a tub configured with a washing space therein and a sump provided at a bottom of the tub to temporarily accommodate washing water; a washing water storage unit provided in the dishwasher body to store washing water therein; a heat pump having a compressor, an evaporator, an expansion apparatus, and a condenser provided to exchange heat with the washing water of the washing water storage unit; and a controller that controls the heat pump to increase the temperature of the washing water of the washing water storage unit. As a result, a heating time of washing water may be shortened, thereby suppressing a time required for washing dishes from being prolonged.

Abstract: A dish washer includes a washing tank having an accommodation space for storing dishes therein; an injection arm disposed inside the washing tank, and provided with a plurality of nozzles to selectively inject washing water and air to the dishes according to a washing operation and a drying operation; a duct unit that defines a passage of the air to be supplied to the injection arm; a suction fan provided inside the duct unit to suction the air and supply the air to the injection arm; and an air heating element that heats the air to be supplied to the injection arm, wherein the injection arm includes a partition wall that partitions a washing water passage and an air passage therein.

Abstract: A shoe disinfecting device is disclosed having a base which defines a central recess, a right side recess, and a left side recess. The central recess houses a central wiping which is held by a central frame. Side drying pads are also mounted within side recesses. A disinfecting liquid reservoir is removably mounted to the base. A manual liquid pump is coupled to the liquid reservoir and to nozzles positioned to direct a spray of liquid onto the central pad.

Abstract: The invention relates to a window system for an intraoral scanner. Said window system comprises an optical element having a thermal conductivity of more than 1 W m?1 K?1. A window, which comprises a pane made for example of a plastic, glass, or corundum, is detachably disposed on the optical element at an average distance of less than 1 mm. At least one heat source is also connected to the optical element. The invention further relates to an intraoral scanner. Said intraoral scanner comprises the window system. The optical element and the at least one heat source are connected to the intraoral scanner. The window is disposed in a cover. Said cover can be disposed on the intraoral scanner such that the window has an average distance of less than 1 mm from the optical element.

Abstract: A scope system is provided including an elongate tube with a distal portion and a lumen extending therethrough. The scope system also includes at least one accessory channel including a tubular structure with an accessory lumen extending therethrough, the at least one accessory channel movably disposed at least partially within the lumen of the elongate tube. The at least one accessory channel includes a distal section and a forward-viewing configuration and a side-viewing configuration. In the forward-viewing configuration, the distal section of the at least one accessory channel is substantially parallel to the distal portion of the elongate tube and in the side-viewing configuration, the distal section of the at least one accessory channel is arced at a radius greater than a radius of the distal portion of the elongate tube.

Abstract: An imaging unit includes: an imaging element including a light receiver and a connection terminal formed on a back surface of the imaging element; a flexible printed circuit board including a connection electrode forming region, a cable connection electrode forming region, and a bent portion provided between the connection electrode forming region and the cable connection electrode forming region; and sealing resin filled around a junction between the imaging element and the flexible printed circuit board. The bent portion includes: a first bent portion that is bent toward the imaging element from the connection electrode forming region located parallelly to the light receiver of the imaging element; and a second bent portion that is provided continuously with the first bent portion and lets the cable connection electrode forming region extend in a direction opposite to a direction toward the imaging element.

Abstract: An accessory device introduction system works in conjunction with an endoscope and enables more than one accessory device to be used at the same time. The system has a plurality of channels which only expand to accommodate said accessory device(s) when introduced. The system further includes an attachment assembly which connects securely to the endoscope by means of a compression friction fit between the endoscope and itself. The attachment assembly also provides at least one accessory port to be presented to an end user to enable the end user to pass an accessory device within said accessory port and channel. The system further includes a multi-channeled endoscope shaft sheath which is connected to the attachment assembly at one end and the distal end of the endoscope shaft at the other end, thereby covering an entire outer shaft diameter length. The shaft sheath has a plurality of channels which correspond to those of the attachment assembly.

Abstract: The present invention provides a two-part robotic device for positioning of a hand tool, comprising: a. a fixed base unit constantly fix to its position; b. a detachable body unit reversibly coupled to said fixed base unit, coupled to said current medical instrument; wherein said fixed base unit is adapted to provide independent movement to said hand tool, said independent movement selected from the group consisting of rotation and translation, and further wherein said detachable body unit is removable and replaceable from said fixed base unit such that upon exchange of said hand tool for a second hand tool, said second hand tool is placed in substantially the same location as the location of said hand tool prior to said exchange.

Abstract: An image acquisition system includes: a light source unit; an imaging unit; a medical tool detection unit; and an image processing unit. The light source unit applies, to an affected part in which a medical tool that emits fluorescence by irradiation of excitation light is present, normal light and the excitation light. The imaging unit images the affected part under irradiation with the excitation light and under irradiation with the normal light, and acquires a first image signal obtained by imaging the fluorescence and a second image signal obtained by imaging the normal light. The medical tool detection unit detects, on the basis of the first image signal, an area in which the medical tool is present in a first image obtained from the first image signal. The image processing unit generates a display image using a result of detecting the area in which the medical tool is present and the second image signal.

Abstract: A system and method for multi-mode imaging device control includes a manipulator having one or more first joints and one or more second joints and a controller. The one or more first joints are configured to pivot a focal point of an imaging device about a pivot. The one or more second joints are configured to position the pivot within a three-dimensional space. The controller is configured to actuate the one or more first joints in response to sensed movement of one or more input devices until a release of the actuation of the one or more first joints is detected, detect the release of the actuation of the one or more first joints, and actuate the one or more second joints in response to sensed movement of the one or more input devices following the detection of the release of the actuation of the one or more first joints.

Abstract: A control method for an endoscope reprocessor is a control method for an endoscope reprocessor that includes a treatment tank, a circulation conduit that links a circulation opening and a discharge opening opened in the treatment tank to each other, a first pump that feeds liquid from the circulation opening towards the discharge opening, an atmospheric open conduit including a first end portion open to an atmosphere and a second end portion connected between the circulation opening and the first pump in the circulation conduit, a filter that filtrates a liquid flowing from the treatment tank through the circulation opening into the circulation conduit, and a sensor that detects a liquid feeding state in the circulation conduit, where the liquid feeding state in the circulation conduit is measured by the sensor during operation of the first pump in a state where the inside of the atmospheric open conduit is closed.

Abstract: A surgical access device includes a housing, a tubular member extending from the housing, a valve disposed on the housing, and a tip member at a distal end of the tubular member. The housing includes a seal and the tubular member includes a plurality of lumens extending therethrough. The valve is fluidly coupled with a first lumen of the plurality of lumens and the tip member includes a first port that is aligned and fluidly coupled with the first lumen of the plurality of lumens. The first port is configured to direct a fluid towards a predetermined location.

Abstract: A device having an optical element with a conductive coating. The device may include an optical element, a conductive material and at least one connector. The conductive material is disposed on at least a portion of the optical element. The optical element, for example, may be an object lens of an endoscope or an optical coupler. The connectors (acting as terminal(s)) are capable of providing energy (such as electrical energy) to the conductive material. In one aspect, the conductive material is an optically transparent material. Advantageously, the device may allow visualization of an object—such as body tissue or other matter—concurrent with the application of energy to the object via the conductive coating. This allows the user to observe the alteration of tissue and other matter in real time as the energy is delivered.

Abstract: An implant delivery system can be configured to deliver an inflatable implant into a bladder via a urethra. The delivery system can comprise an elongate tubular body, an inflation tube and an implant decoupler. The tubular body can comprise a central lumen configured to hold an inflatable implant in an initial un-inflated state for delivery of the implant into the bladder. A method of use can include passing a distal tip of the elongate tubular body into the bladder. The implant can be inflated and released into the bladder.

Abstract: A device for illuminating a posterior segment of an eye may include multiple channels. Each of the channels may include multiple illumination paths such as a first region illumination path, and a second region illumination path. The first region illumination path and the second region illumination path may be illuminated at different times such that a first region and a second region may be imaged without interference from a non-illuminated illumination path.

Abstract: An ophthalmologic apparatus of some exemplary embodiments includes an illumination system, interference photographing system, anterior eye segment photographing system, first optical path coupling element, and controller. The illumination system projects illumination light output from a light source, onto the anterior eye segment of a subject's eye. The interference photographing system performs photographing of an interference pattern formed on the cornea by the illumination light. The anterior eye segment photographing system performs photographing of the anterior eye segment onto which the illumination light is being projected. The first optical path coupling element couples the optical path of the interference photographing system and the optical path of the anterior eye segment photographing system with one another.

Abstract: An Optical Coherence Tomography receiver may include prisms, polarizing beam splitters, reflectors, lenses, and a photodetector array arranged in a compact package. Sample and reference beams are combined into an interference beam and split in two. The two resulting interference beams are then split into two polarization sates each. The optical path lengths for both pairs of interference beams with the same polarization state are equal or nearly equal.

Abstract: Fundus imaging includes selective illumination and exposure of an image sensor array. Fundus imaging systems and methods disclosed herein are wide field of view imaging typically conducted under non-mydriatic conditions. At a first time, an illumination unit illuminates a first portion of an eye fundus. At a second time, the illumination unit illuminates a second portion of the eye fundus. One or more fundus images are captured during illumination.

Abstract: An illumination system of an ophthalmologic apparatus of an exemplary embodiment projects illumination light from a light source onto the anterior eye segment of a subject's eye. An interference photographing system photographs an interference pattern formed on the cornea by the illumination light. An anterior eye segment photographing system photographs the anterior eye segment onto which the illumination light is being projected. A first optical path coupling element couples the optical path of the interference photographing system and the optical path of the anterior eye segment photographing system with one another.

Abstract: A glucose measuring system includes a glucose meter that incorporates wireless communication capabilities. The meter can advantageously be a low cost meter by eliminating expensive components, such as the display. The user nevertheless is able to retrieve and view his or her glucose values by referring to displays within the glucose measuring local area network. Feedback via these displays can advantageously be used by the diabetic to create a higher level of confidence and safety.

Abstract: A medical image diagnosis apparatus according to an embodiment includes an imager, a storage, and processing circuitry. The storage stores therein a correspondence relationship between each of disease patterns and scans used for performing a differential diagnosis process on the disease pattern. The processing circuitry obtains, based on image data acquired by a first scan, a disease pattern having a possibility of being applicable to the subject and a first index value indicating a degree of applicability of the disease pattern. The processing circuitry outputs information indicating the disease pattern to a display when it is possible to perform the differential diagnosis process based on the first index value and outputs an imaging condition used for performing a second scan based on the correspondence relationship and the disease pattern having the possibility when it is not possible to perform the differential diagnosis process based on the first index value.

Abstract: An optical detection device for physiological characteristic identification includes a substrate, a light source and an optical receiver. The light source includes a plurality of first lighting units and a plurality of second lighting units symmetrically arranged on the substrate. The optical receiver is disposed on the substrate and adapted to analyze optical signals emitted by the light source for acquiring a result of the physiological characteristic identification.

Abstract: In a medical imaging device, a device body has a first mating portion on its upper surface, and an operation unit has a second mating portion configured to movably mate with the first mating portion.

Abstract: A label free single or multi-photon optical excitation fluorescence spectroscopy for measuring the differences between the levels of fluorophores from tryptophan, collagen, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and flavins exist in brain samples from a of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in normal (N) brain samples with label-free fluorescence spectroscopy. Relative quantities of these molecules are shown by the spectral profiles of the AD and N brain samples at excitation wavelengths and multi photons about 266 nm, 300 nm, 400 nm and 500 nm. The emission spectral profile levels of tryptophan and flavin were much higher in AD samples, while collagen emission levels were slightly lower and NADH levels were much lower in AD samples. These results yield a new optical method for detection of biochemical differences in animals and humans for Alzheimer's disease.

Abstract: An image generating apparatus according to the present invention includes an image data generator configured to generate a plurality of pieces of image data corresponding to a plurality of radiated light beams based on a plurality of the reception signals, a characteristic-information acquiring unit configured to acquire characteristic information indicating characteristics of an image value group of the plurality of pieces of image data at a certain position, and an information acquiring unit configured to acquire information indicating a possibility that a target exists at the certain position based on the characteristic information.

Abstract: A light shielding member covering a subject placement portion in which the subject is placed and a light irradiation unit that irradiates the subject with light through the subject placement portion while imaging is not underway in a photoacoustic device that images a subject and includes the subject placement portion and the light irradiation unit, the light shielding member includes a display surface that indicates positional information relating to an imaging available region on the subject.

Abstract: A method and a system for determining the maximum heart rate, called HRmax of a user of in a freely performed physical exercise and using an apparatus with software and memory means.

Abstract: The present invention provides a carotid physiological parameter monitoring system, comprising: an electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring device, a carotid pulse wave detector, and at least one controller. The ECG monitoring device is disposed on a user's left and right wrists or on the user's chest to obtain ECG waveforms. The carotid pulse wave detector is disposed on the user's neck at a position corresponding to the user's carotid arteries for obtaining carotid pulse waveforms. The controller is provided in at least one of the ECG monitoring device, the carotid pulse wave detector, and a mobile device, wherein the controller is configured to obtain the user's carotid physiological parameter(s) (which may include carotid pulse wave velocity or carotid blood pressure) by calculating with the ECG waveforms and/or the carotid pulse waveforms.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods described herein can enable reliable estimation of pulse transit time (PTT) for a user in motion for cuffless blood pressure estimation. In one embodiment, a method involves receiving an electrocardiographic (ECG) signal and a photoplethysmographic (PPG) signal and detecting R-wave peaks in the ECG signal. The method further involves identifying multiple segments of the PPG signal based on detection of the R-wave peaks of the ECG signal, wherein a given segment of the PPG signal comprises multiple samples and is aligned with a corresponding R-wave. The method also involves generating an averaged PPG wave based on the multiple segments of the PPG signal, wherein a given element of the averaged PPG wave comprises an average of corresponding elements from the multiple segments of the PPG signal, and computing the blood pressure value based on the averaged PPG wave.

Abstract: A health monitoring device is provided. The health monitoring device includes a wearable component, an optical monitoring module and an air-bag positioning assembly. The wearable component is worn on a body part of a subject and is contacted with a skin tissue. The optical monitoring module is disposed inside the wearable component and includes a driving controller, an optical sensor and at least one light-emitting element. A light source emitted by the light-emitting element irradiates on the skin tissue. The optical sensor receives a reflection light and generates a sensing signal accordingly. The driving controller converts the sensing signal into health data information and outputs the health data information. By the air-bag positioning assembly, the wearable component is securely worn on the body part of the subject, and the optical sensor is attached on the skin tissue of the subject for accurately monitoring the health data information.

Abstract: A heart rate detection method includes a facial image data acquiring step, a feature points recognizing step, an effective displacement signal generating step and a heart rate determining step. The feature points recognizing step is for recognizing a plurality of feature points, wherein a number range of the feature points is from three to twenty, and the feature points include a center point between two medial canthi, a point of a pronasale and a point of a subnasale of the face. The effective displacement signal generating step is for calculating an original displacement signal, wherein the original displacement signal is converted to an effective displacement signal. The heart rate determining step is for transforming the effective displacement signals of each of the feature points to an effective spectrum, wherein a heart rate is determined from one of the effective spectrums corresponding to the feature points, respectively.

Abstract: An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a housing, a first photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor that is exposed to a first portion of the housing and faces a first body portion of a user to measure a pulse wave, a wireless communication circuit that is positioned within the housing, a processor that is positioned within the housing and is operatively connected with the first PPG sensor and the wireless communication circuit, and a memory that is positioned within the housing and is operatively connected with the processor. The memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to monitor a first pulse signal measured by the first PPG sensor, to receive a second pulse signal measured by an external electronic device by using the wireless communication circuit, and to provide a first blood pressure value by using a pulse wave velocity (PWV) algorithm.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for monitoring heart rate. The apparatus comprises various components to effectively reduce photodiode capacitance. The apparatus includes: an amplifier; a first current source; a first pair of resistors coupled to the first current source and the amplifier; a pair of devices coupled to the first pair of resistors; a photo-diode coupled to the pair of devices; a second pair of resistors coupled to the pair of devices and the photo-diode; and a second current source coupled to the second pair of resistors.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for detecting configuration for a patient worn sensor assembly are described. In one aspect a method includes receiving, by a computer system, sensor assembly data for a particular sensor assembly, accessing, by the computer system, sensor assembly identifier information defining a plurality of sensor assembly identifiers, where each sensor assembly identifier is associated with a respective sensor assembly, identifying, by the computer system and based on the sensor assembly data, a particular sensor assembly identifier for the particular sensor assembly, and determining, by the computer system, configuration information for the particular sensor assembly based on the particular sensor assembly identifier.

Abstract: A device for non-invasive monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) may include a sensor, a processor unit, a device for recording electrical activity of the heart, and a device for invasive measurement of arterial blood pressure. The sensor monitors mechanical movements caused by bloodstream dynamics. A mathematical model and a relation between the start of a R-wave and a time delay of a mechanical movement of a patient's head are used to determine the ICP. A device for monitoring patient's vital functions may also measure respiratory and heart rate. The sensor may employ a piezoelectric transducer, which may form a measuring electrode of a measuring capacitor. In addition, a comparator capacitor may be used to increase resistance in changes in measuring conditions. Data from a plurality of measuring devices may be collected and processed in a cascading manner.

Abstract: An implanted neural micro interface device is provided. The device comprises microfilaments of various materials and forms embedded within a body. The microfilaments form interaction sites with surrounding neural tissue at their exit points from the implantable body. The body and filaments are configurable in a multitude of positions to provide increased engagement of a given neural tissue section as well as interaction and closed loop feedback between the microfilament sites. Such configurations allow for a range of recording, stimulating, and treatment modalities for the device within research and clinical settings.

Abstract: An intravascular catheter for nerve activity ablation and/or sensing includes one or more needles advanced through supported guide tubes (needle guiding elements) which expand to contact the interior surface of the wall of the renal artery or other vessel of a human body allowing the needles to be advanced though the vessel wall into the extra-luminal tissue including the media, adventitia and periadvential space. The catheter also includes structures which provide radial and lateral support to the guide tubes so that the guide tubes open uniformly and maintain their position against the interior surface of the vessel wall as the sharpened needles are advanced to penetrate into the vessel wall. Electrodes near the distal ends of the needles allow sensing of nerve activity before and after attempted renal denervation. In a combination embodiment ablative energy or fluid is delivered from the needles in or near the adventitia to ablate nerves outside of the media while sparing nerves within the media.

Abstract: This document describes systems, methods, and devices for sensing electrical activity in a brain of a mammal Some aspects include a cortical electrode assembly configured, in use, to sense electrical activity at a surface of a brain, the assembly comprising: a ring-shaped substrate; and a plurality of electrical sensors affixed to the ring-shaped substrate, wherein the plurality of electrical sensors are spaced along the ring-shaped substrate so as to form a ring of electrical sensors that substantially encircle an aperture formed by the ring-shaped substrate.

Abstract: Metacognitive confidence is defined as the confidence generated from the observation and critical analysis of one's own the decision making process. There are various studies indicative of the importance of measurement of confidence level of the person while doing a task. The existing confidence level measurement methods provide various limitations such invasive and complex experimental setup, noise and artifacts in the signal. A system and method for determining confidence level of a person using electroencephalogram has been provided. The system is configured to build a metric to determine the amount of metacognitive confidence, in presence of different cognitive load condition, directly from brain activity using electroencephalogram signals. The brain activity acquired from the frontal and temporal part of the brain at different frequency bands and combined with suitable weights to form the confidence metric.